CHAPTER-3 Lateeral Load Resistane System Example - 2

JU, Jimma Institute Technology Chapter -3: Lateral Force resisting systems
CHAPTER 3: LATERAL FORCE RESISTING SYSTEMS
3.1.1. Frame System
EXAMPLE 3.1: For G+1 building
A B C D E
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m
3.4m
5m
5m
5m
Figure E 3.1: First floor plane
Column size = 200 × 400

Grade Beam = 200 × 400
Foundation depth = 1.5
First floor beam = 300 × 400
Room height = 3.06
Top-tie beam = 200 × 400
Storey shear at first floor = 80
Mass center = (8.0 , 8.4 )
Determine: The shear force supporter by each axis (both in x and y –direction)
Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 1

SOLUTION:
A B C D E
Roof
3.06m
300 × 400
FF
3.0 6m
GF
1.5m 300 × 400
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m
(a) Axis on 5, 4, 3
Stepe-1: Relative stiffness and D-value computation

1.1. Relative stiffness
1.1.1. Column (storey) , = 3.06 = 3060

y
ℎ
Major axis , =
12
ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ 400 ⁄12)

= =
x 400mm
3060
= 0.349 × 10
ℎ
200mm
Minor , =
12
ℎ ⁄12 (400 ∗ 200 ⁄12)

= =
3060
= 0.087 × 10

1.1.2. Foundation column
ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ 400 ⁄12)

Major , = = = 0.711 × 10
1500
ℎ ⁄12 (400 ∗ 200 ⁄12)

Minor, = = = 0.178 × 10
1500
1.1.3. Grade beam and top-tie beam
y (Span 5m)
ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

= =
5000
x 400mm = 0.213 × 10
(Span 3.4m)
ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

200mm = =
3400
= 0.314 × 10
(Span 4.2m)
ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

= = = 0.254 × 10
4200
1.1.4. First floor beam (FFB)
y (Span 5m)
ℎ ⁄12 (300 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

= =
5000
x 400mm = 0.320 × 10
(Span 3.4m)
ℎ ⁄12 (300 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

300mm = =
3400
= 0.471 × 10
(Span 4.2m)

ℎ ⁄12 (300 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

= = = 0.381 × 10
4200
1.2. D-value computation

1.2.1. Frame Axis on 3, 4, & 5
A B C D E
Roof
3.06m
300 × 400
FF
3.0 6m
GF
1.5m 300 × 400
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m
1.2.1.1. Axis-A:
=
0.381
∑ 0.381 + 0.254
= =
0.349
2 2 ∗ 0.349
= 0.91
0.254 0.91
= = = 0.313
2+ 2 + 0.91
⇒ = = 0.313 ∗ 0.349 = 0.11

0.254
∑ 0.254
= = = 0.357
0.711 0.711
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.357

= = = 0.364
2+ 2 + 0.357

⇒ = = 0.364 ∗ 0.711 = 0.259 ≅ 0.26

1.2.1.2. Axis-B:
=
0.381 0.381
∑ 2(0.381) + 2 ∗ (0.254)
= =
0.087 2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 7.299
0.254 0.254 7.299
= = = 0.785
2+ 2 + 7.299
⇒ = = 0.785 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0683 ≅ 0.07
0.254 0.254 ∑ 0.254 + 0.254

= = = 2.854
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 2.854

= = = 0.691
2+ 2 + 2.854
⇒ = = 0.691 ∗ 0.178 ≅ 0.12

1.2.1.3. Axis-C:
=
0.381 0.381
∑ 2(0.381) + 2 ∗ (0.254)
0.087 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.087
0.254
= 7.299
0.254
7.299
= = = 0.785
2+ 2 + 7.299
⇒ = = 0.785 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0683 ≅ 0.07
0.254 0.254 ∑ 0.254 + 0.254

= = = 2.854
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 2.854
= = = 0.691
2+ 2 + 2.854
⇒ = = 0.691 ∗ 0.178 ≅ 0.12
1.2.1.4. Axis-D:

=
0.381 0.471
∑ 0.381 + 0.471 + 0.254 + 0.314
= =
0.087
2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 8.161
0.254 0.314
8.161
= = = 0.803
2+ 2 + 8.161
⇒ = = 0.803 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0699 ≅ 0.07
0.254 0.471 ∑ 0.254 + 0.471

= = = 4.073
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 4.073
= = = 0.753
2+ 2 + 4.073
⇒ = = 0.753 ∗ 0.178 = 0.134 ≅ 0.13
1.2.1.5. Axis-E:
0.471 =
∑ 0.471 + 0.314
0.349 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.349
0.314 = 1.125
1.125
= = = 0.360
2+ 2 + 1.125
⇒ = = 0.360 ∗ 0.349 = 0.1256 ≅ 0.13

0.314
∑ 0.314
= = = 0.442
0.711 0.711
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.442

= = = 0.386
2+ 2 + 0.442
⇒ = = 0.386 ∗ 0.711 = 0.274 ≅ 0.27

A B C D E
0.11 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.13 D = 0.45

3.06m
0.11 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.13 D = 0.45

3.0 6m
1.5m 0.26 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.27 D = 0.90
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m
1.2.2. Frame Axis on – 2 , 1
A B C D
Roof
3.06m
300 × 400
FF
3.0 6m
GF
1.5m 300 × 400
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m

1.2.2.1. Axis-A:
=
0.381
∑ 0.381 + 0.254
= =
0.349
2 2 ∗ 0.349
= 0.91
0.254 0.91
= = = 0.313
2+ 2 + 0.91
⇒ = = 0.313 ∗ 0.349 = 0.11

0.254
∑ 0.254
= = = 0.357
0.711 0.711
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.357

= = = 0.364
2+ 2 + 0.357
⇒ = = 0.364 ∗ 0.711 = 0.259 ≅ 0.26
1.2.2.2. Axis- B , C
=
0.381 0.381
∑ 2(0.381) + 2 ∗ (0.254)
0.087 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.087
0.254
= 7.299
0.254
7.299
= = = 0.785
2+ 2 + 7.299
⇒ = = 0.785 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0683 ≅ 0.07
0.254 0.254 ∑ 0.254 + 0.254

= = = 2.854
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 2.854
= = = 0.691
2+ 2 + 2.854
⇒ = = 0.691 ∗ 0.178 ≅ 0.12

1.2.2.3. Axis-D:
0.381 =
∑ 0.381 + 0.254
0.087 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.087
0.254 = 3.649
3.649
= = = 0.646
2+ 2 + 3.649
⇒ = = 0.646 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0562 ≅ 0.06
0.254 ∑ 0.254
= = = 1.427
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 1.427
= = = 0.562
2+ 2 + 1.427
⇒ = = 0.562 ∗ 0.178 = 0.10
A B C D
0.11 0.07 0.07 0.06 D = 0.31

3.06m
3.0 6m 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.06 D = 0.31
1.5m 0.26 0.12 0.12 0.10 D = 0.60
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m

1.2.3. Frame on Axis -A
1 2 3 4 5
Roof
3.06m
300 × 400
FF
3.0 6m
GF
1.5m 300 × 400
3.4m 5.0m 5.0m 5.0m
1.2.3.1. Axis-1:
=
0.471
∑ 0.471 + 0.314
= =
0.087
2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 4.5115
0.314 4.5115
= = = 0.693
2+ 2 + 4.5115
⇒ = = 0.693 ∗ 0.087 = 0.06

0.314
∑ 0.314
= = = 1.764
0.178 0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 1.764

= = = 0.601
2+ 2 + 1.764
⇒ = = 0.601 ∗ 0.178 = 0.107 ≅ 0.11

1.2.3.2. Axis-2:
=
0.471 0.320
∑ 0.471 + 0.320 + 0.314 + 0.213
= =
0.087
2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 7.575
0.314 0.213 7.575
= = = 0.791
2+ 2 + 7.575
⇒ = = 0.791 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0688 ≅ 0.07
0.314 0.213 ∑ 0.314 + 0.213

= = = 2.961
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 2.961

= = = 0.698
2+ 2 + 2.961
⇒ = = 0.698 ∗ 0.178 = 0.12

1.2.3.3. Axis- 3 , 4:
=
0.320 0.320
∑ 2(0.320) + 2(0.213)
0.087 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 6.126
0.213 0.213
6.126
= = = 0.754
2+ 2 + 6.126
⇒ = = 0.754 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0656 ≅ 0.07
0.213 0.213 ∑ 0.213 + 0.213

= = = 2.393
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 2.393
= = = 0.659
2+ 2 + 2.393
⇒ = = 0.659 ∗ 0.178 = 0.1172 ≅ 0.12

1.2.3.4. Axis-5:
0.320 =
∑ 0.320 + 0.213
0.087 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.087
0.213 = 3.063
3.063
= = = 0.605
2+ 2 + 3.063
⇒ = = 0.605 ∗ 0.087 = 0.053
∑ .
= = .
= 1.197
0.213
0.5 + 0.5 + 1.197

0.178 = = = 0.531
2+ 2 + 1.197
⇒ = = 0.531 ∗ 0.178 = 0.0945 ≅ 0.10
1 2 3 4 5
0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.05 D = 0.32

3.06m
0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.05 D = 0.32

3.0 6m
1.5m 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 D = 0.57
3.4m 5.0m 5.0m 5.0m

1.2.4. Frame on Axis –B , C, and D
1 2 3 4 5
Roof
3.06m
300 × 400
FF
3.0 6m
GF
1.5m 300 × 400
3.4m 5.0m 5.0m 5.0m
1.2.4.1. Axis-1:
=
0.471
∑ 0.471 + 0.314
= =
0.349
2 2 ∗ 0.349
= 1.125
0.314 1.125
= = = 0.360
2+ 2 + 1.125
⇒ = = 0.360 ∗ 0.349 = 0.1256 ≅ 0.13

0.314
∑ 0.314
= = = 0.442
0.711 0.711
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.442

= = = 0.386
2+ 2 + 0.442
⇒ = = 0.386 ∗ 0.711 = 0.27

1.2.4.2. Axis-2:
=
0.471 0.320
∑ 0.471 + 0.320 + 0.314 + 0.213
= =
0.349
2 2 ∗ 0.349
= 1.888
0.314 0.213 1.888
= = = 0.486
2+ 2 + 1.888
⇒ = = 0.486 ∗ 0.349 = 0.1695 ≅ 0.17
0.314 0.213 ∑ 0.314 + 0.213

= = = 0.741
0.711
0.711
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.741

= = = 0.453
2+ 2 + 0.741
⇒ = = 0.453 ∗ 0.711 = 0.32

1.2.4.3. Axis - 3, 4:
=
0.320 0.320
∑ 2(0.320) + 2(0.213)
0.349 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.349
0.213
= 1.527
0.213
1.527
= = = 0.433
2+ 2 + 1.527
⇒ = = 0.433 ∗ 0.349 = 15
0.213 0.213 ∑ 0.213 + 0.213

= = = 0.599
0.711
0.711
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.599
= = = 0.423
2+ 2 + 0.599
⇒ = = 0.423 ∗ 0.711 = 0.30

1.2.4.4. Axis-5:
0.320 =
∑ 0.320 + 0.213
0.349 = =
2 2 ∗ 0.349
0.213 = 0.764
0.764
= = = 0.276
2+ 2 + 0.764
⇒ = = 0.276 ∗ 0.349 = 0.0965 ≅ 0.10
∑ .
= = .
= 0.2996
0.213
0.5 + 0.5 + 0.2996

0.711 = = = 0.348
2+ 2 + 0.2996
⇒ = = 0.348 ∗ 0.711 = 0.25
1 2 3 4 5
0.13 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.10 D = 0.70

3.06m
0.13 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.10 D = 0.70

3.0 6m
1.5m 0.27 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.25 D = 1.44
3.4m 5.0m 5.0m 5.0m

1.2.5. Frame on Axis -E
3 4 5
Roof
3.06m
FF
3.0 6m
GF
1.5m
5.0m 5.0m
1.2.5.1. Axis-3,5:
=
0.320
∑ 0.320 + 0.213
= =
0.087
2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 3.063
0.213 3.063
= = = 0.605
2+ 2 + 3.063
⇒ = = 0.605 ∗ 0.087 = 0.053

0.213
∑ 0.213
= = = 1.197
0.178 0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 1.197

= = = 0.53
2+ 2 + 1.197
⇒ = = 0.53 ∗ 0.178 = 0.094

1.2.5.2. Axis-4:
=
0.320 0.320
∑ 0.320 + 0.320 + 0.213 + 0.213
= =
0.087
2 2 ∗ 0.087
= 6.126
0.213 0.213 6.126
= = = 0.754
2+ 2 + 6.126
⇒ = = 0.754 ∗ 0.087 = 0.07
0.213 0.213 ∑ 0.213 + 0.213

= = = 2.393
0.178
0.178
0.5 + 0.5 + 2.393

= = = 0.658
2+ 2 + 2.393
⇒ = = 0.658 ∗ 0.178 = 0.12
3 4 5
0.053 0.07 0.053

3.06m D = 0.176
0.053 0.07 0.053 D = 0.176

3.0 6m
1.5m 0.094 0.12 0.094 D = 0.308
5.0m 5.0m
Stepe-2: the Mass center and Stiffness Center

2.1. Mass Center , ( , ) = (8 , 8.4 )
A B C D E
4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4 m
1 = 0.31
3.4m
= 0.31
2
5m
( ̅ , )
3 = 0.45
( ̅ , )
5m ̅
4 = 0.45
5m
= 0.45
5
= 0.32 = 0.70 = 0.70 = 0.70 = 0.17
2.2. Stiffness Center, ( , )
∑
=
∑
(0.32 ∗ 0 ) + (0.70 ∗ 4.2 ) + (0.70 ∗ 8.4 ) + (0.70 ∗ 12.6 ) + (0.17 ∗ 16)

=
0.32 + 0.70 + 0.70 + 0.70 + 0.17
20.36
= = 7.861
2.59
∑
=
∑
(0.45 ∗ 0 ) + (0.45 ∗ 5 ) + (0.45 ∗ 10 ) + (0.31 ∗ 15 ) + (0.31 ∗ 18.4)

=
0.45 + 0.45 + 0.45 + 0.31 + 0.31

17.104
= = 8.682
1.97
⇒( , )=( . , .
Stepe-3: Shear coefficient and Shear force computation

3.1. Polar moment of Inertia
J = D y
J = D x
Table 3.1(a): Polar Moment of inertia in x-direction (J ) , = .
Axis ( ) =( − )
1 0.31 18.4 9.72 29.29

2 0.31 15.0 6.32 12.38
3 0.45 10.0 1.32 0.784
4 0.45 5.0 -3.68 6.094
5 0.45 0.0 -8.68 33.90
= 1.97 D y = 82.45
Table 3.2(b): Polar Moment of inertia in x-direction (J ) , = .
Axis ( ) =( − )
A 0.32 0.0 -7.861 19.77

B 0.70 4.2 -3.661 9.38
C 0.70 8.4 0.539 0.203
D 0.70 12.6 4.739 15.72
E 0.17 16.0 8.139 11.26
= 2.59 D x = 56.33
J = D y = 82.44m
J = D x = 56.33

3.2. Eccentricity
3.2.1. Normal eccentrity ,
= − = 8 − 7.861 = 0.139 = 0.14
= − = 8.5 − 8.682 = −0.18
3.2.2. Accidental eccentrity
= ±0.05 = ±0.05
= ±0.05 = ±0.05 ∗ ((3 ∗ 4.2) + 3.4) = ±0.80
= ±0.05 = ±0.05 ∗ ((3 ∗ 5) + 3.4) = ±0.92
3.2.3. Design Eccentrity
= +
= 0.14 + 0.80 = 0.94

⇒ =
= 0.14 − 0.80 = −0.66
= +
= −0.18 + 0.92 = 0.74

⇒ =
= −0.18 − 0.92 = −1.10
3.3. Shear correction factor
(∑ ) (1.97) ∗ (0.74)
⎧ =1+ =1+ = 1 + 0.011
⎪ + 138.77
=
⎨ (∑ ) (1.97) ∗ (−1.1)
⎪ = 1+ = 1+ = 1 − 0.016
⎩ + 138.77
⇒ = ( , )
(∑ )( ) ̅ (2.59) ∗ (0.94) ̅
=1+ =1+ = 1 + 0.018 ̅
+ 138.77
(∑ )( ) ̅ (2.59) ∗ (−0.66) ̅
=1+ =1+ = 1 − 0.012 ̅
+ 138.77

⇒ = ( , )
3.4. Shear force ,
= , : =
∑
Table 3.1(c): Shear force in x- Direction. For = 1 + 0.011 , = 1 − 0.016 , =

8.682 , and = 80
Axis
=( − ) ( )
1 0.31 18.4 9.72 29.29 1.107 0.844 1.107 13.94
2 0.31 15.0 6.32 12.38 1.069 0.899 1.069 13.46
3 0.45 10.0 1.32 0.784 1.015 0.979 1.015 18.55
4 0.45 5.0 -3.68 6.09 0.960 1.059 1.059 19.35
5 0.45 0.0 -8.68 33.90 0.905 1.139 1.139 20.81
= 1.97 = .
= , : =
∑
Table 3.1d: Shear force in y - Direction. For = 1 + 0.018 ̅ , = 1 − 0.012 ̅ , ̅ =

7.861 , and = 80
Axis =( − ) ( )
A 0.32 0 -7.861 19.77 0.859 1.094 1.094 10.81
B 0.70 4.2 -3.661 9.38 0.934 1.044 1.044 22.57

C 0.70 8.4 0.539 0.203 1.010 0.994 0.994 21.84
D 0.70 12.6 4.739 15.72 1.085 0.943 0.943 23.46
E 0.17 16.0 8.139 11.26 1.147 0.902 0.902 6.02
= . = .
EXAMPLE 3.2: For the Three storeys resident building shown in Figure E 3.2 located in
Adama town. Determine
a) Base shear force and story shear forces
b) Distribute the story shear to various frames.

3.0m 3.0m
3.0m 3.0m
1.5m 1.5m
4m 5m 3.0m 3.5m
(a) Frame in x-direction (b) Frame in y-direction
1 3 3
3.5m
3.0m
4m 5m
y
(c) Roof and Four Slab Layout

x

Figure E 3.2: Building Frame

GIVEN DATA
Thickness of floor and roof slabs = 150mm
Cross section of intermediate and top tie beams = 250 × 250
Cross section of ground beams = 250 × 400
Cross section of columns = 250 × 250
Thickness of internal infill walls 15cm HCB and external infill walls 20cm HCB
Parapet walls are provided for the roof and Height of parapet wall = 1
Unit weight of concrete = 25 ⁄
Unit weight of HCB = 14 ⁄
The ordinary building is constructed on deep deposit of medium dense sand.
There are walls supported by all the beams in ground and first storeys in the frame.
Live loads 2.0 ⁄ on floors and 1 ⁄ on slabs.
Assume dimensions of footing pad = 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.4
SOLUTION:
1) Fundamental period of vibration ,
⁄
=
Where:
= 0.075
= 1.5 +3 +3 = 7.5
⁄ ⁄
= = 0.075 ∗ (7.5) = 0.34
 Method of analysis by checking

4
≤
2.0
Where:
 Ordinary building constructed on deep deposit of medium dense sand
→for ground type C (see Table 2.9)
 = 0.2 , = 0.6 sec, = 2.0 sec , = 1.15 for ground type C
from type 2 response spectrum with ≤ 5.5
4 = 4 ∗ 0.6 = 2.4
= 0.34 ≤ !
2.0 sec
 The building is regular in elevation.

We can use lateral force method of analysis

2) Design spectrum , ( )
.
≤ ≤ ⇒ 0.2 < 0.34 < 0.6 sec ( )= ∗ ∗ ∗
= ∗
Where: = 0.15 for Adama located in zone 4
=1
=1 = 5%
= ∗ = 1 ∗ 0.15 = 0.15
= ∗
Where:
= 3∗ ( )
= 3 ∗ (1.3) = 3.9
=1( )
= ∗ = 3.9 ∗ (1) = 3.9
2.5 2.5
( )= ∗ ∗ ∗ = 0.15 ∗ (1.15) ∗ (1) ∗ = 0.1106
3.9
3) Total seismic mass of buildings (m)
At any floor, half of the weight of walls and columns below it and half of that above it
are lumped at this level along with the weight of the floor and girder.
= , "+" , ∗ ,
3.1. Weight at roof level

Weight of roof slab = (6.75 ∗ 9.25 ) ∗ 0.15 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 234.14
Weight of top tie beam = [(6.5 − 2 ∗ 0.25) ∗ 3 ∗ (0.25 − 0.15) ∗ 0.25 ∗ 25]
+ [(9 − 2 ∗ 0.25) ∗ 3 ∗ (0.25 − 0.15) ∗ 0.25 ∗ 25 ⁄ ]
= 27.19
.
Half of weight of 1st floor columns = 0.25 ∗ 0.25 ∗ ∗ 25 ⁄ 3
∗9
= 20.04
Half of weight of 1st floor walls = [(9 − 0.5) ∗ 2 + (6.5 − 0.5) ∗ 2] ∗ 0.20 ∗
2.75 3
∗ ∗ 14 ⁄ + [(9 − 0.5) + (6.5 − 0.5) ]
2
2.75 3
∗ 0.15 ∗ ∗ 14 ⁄
2

= 153.52
3
Weight of parapet wall = [9 ∗ 2 + 6.5 ∗ 2] ∗ 0.20 ∗1 ∗ 14 ⁄ = 86.80
( )= , ∗ , = ∗ , ∗ ,
ℎ : =1
 2i = 0.3
= ∗ , ∗ , = (1)(0.3)(6.75 × 9.25 )(1 ⁄ )
= 18.73
Total seismic load at roof level
= 234.14 + 27.19 + 20.04 + 153.52 + 86.80 + 18.73
= 540.42
3.2. Weight at 1st floor level
Weight of 1st floor slab = 234.14
Weight of intermediate beam= 27.19
Half of weight of 1st floor columns = 20.04
Half of weight of ground floor columns = 20.04
Half of weight of 1st floor walls = 153.52
Half of weight of ground floor walls = 153.52
Live loads (variable actions) = , ∗ , = ∗ , ∗ ,
Where = 0.5 for independent occupied storey
, = 0.3 for residential building
= , ∗ , = ∗ , ∗ , = (0.5) (0.3) (6.75 × 9.25 ) (2 ⁄ )
= 18.73
Total seismic load at 1st floor level

= 234.14 + 27.19 + 2(20.04 ) + 2(153.52 ) + 18.73
= 627.18
3.3. Weight at ground floor level

Weight of grade beam = [(6.5 − 0.5) + (9 − 0.5)] ∗ 3 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 25 ⁄
= 108.75
Half of weight of ground floor columns = 20.04

1.5 3
Weight of footing columns = 0.25 ∗ 0.25 ∗ ∗ 25 ⁄ ∗9
2
= 10.55
Half of weight of ground floor walls = 153.52
3
Weight of footing Pad = (1.5 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 25 ⁄ ) ∗ 9 = 202.5
Total seismic load at ground floor level
= 108.75 + 20.04 + 10.55 + 153.52 + 202.5
= 495.36
Total seismic weight of the building
= + + = 540.42 + 627.18 + 495.36
= 1662.96
1662.96 × 10
= = = 169516.82
9.81 ⁄
4) Base shear force ( )
= ( )∗ ∗
Where:
( ) = 0.1106 , = 169516.82
=1 ℎ
⇒ = ( )∗ ∗ = (0.1106 ∗ 9.81) ∗ (169516.82 ∗ (1)

= 183.92
5) Distribution of the horizontal seismic base shear forces
∗
=
∑ ∗
Table 3.2a: Seismic base shear forces
Storey ( ) ( ) ∗ ( )
Ground 1.5m 50495.413 75743.12 17.94
First 4.5m 63932.722 287697.25 68.13
Roof 7.5m 55088.685 413165.14 97.85
776605.507 183.92

6) Computation of center of mass

6.1. Roof floor center of mass

Unit
Weight
width Length Height weight
Parapet ,
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( ) ( . ( . )
wall on (KN)
Axis-1 0.25 6.5 1 14 22.75 0.0 3.25 0.000 73.938

Axis-3 0.25 6.5 1 14 22.75 9.0 3.25 204.750 73.938
Axis-A 0.25 9.0 1 14 31.50 4.5 0.00 141.750 0.000
Axis-C 0.25 9.0 1 14 31.50 4.5 6.50 141.750 204.750
Total 108.5 488.250 352.625
Unit Weight,
Slab width Depth Length weight
⁄
( ) ( ) ( . ( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( ) (KN)
Dead load 9.25 0.15 6.75 25 234.141 4.5 3.25 1053.635 760.958
Live load 9.25 1.00 6.75 - 18.731 4.5 3.25 84.289 60.876
Total 252.872 1137.926 821.834
Unit
Beam on Width Depth Length weight Weight
( ) ( ) ( . ( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN)
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 0.1 2.75 25 1.719 0.0 1.50 0.000 2.578
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 0.1 3.25 25 2.031 0.0 4.75 0.000 9.648
Axis-2, A-B 0.25 0.1 2.75 25 1.719 4.0 1.50 6.875 2.578
Axis-2, B-C 0.25 0.1 3.25 25 2.031 4.0 4.75 8.125 9.648
Axis-3, A-B 0.25 0.1 2.75 25 1.719 9.0 1.50 15.469 2.578
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 0.1 3.25 25 2.031 9.0 4.75 18.281 9.648
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 0.1 3.75 25 2.344 2.0 0.00 4.688 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 0.1 4.75 25 2.969 6.5 0.00 19.297 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.25 0.1 3.75 25 2.344 2.0 3.00 4.688 7.031
Axis-B, 2-3 0.25 0.1 4.75 25 2.969 6.5 3.00 19.297 8.906
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 0.1 3.75 25 2.344 2.0 6.50 4.688 15.234
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 0.1 4.75 25 2.969 6.5 6.50 19.297 19.297
Total 27.188 87.148 120.703
Unit
Column on Width Depth Length weight Weight
(m) (m) (m) (KN) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
( ⁄ )
A1 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000
B1 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 0.0 3.0 0.000 6.680
C1 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 0.0 6.5 0.000 14.473
A2 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 4.0 0.0 8.906 0.000
B2 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 4.0 3.0 8.906 6.680
C2 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 4.0 6.5 8.906 14.473
A3 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 9.0 0.0 20.039 0.000
B3 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 9.0 3.0 20.039 6.680
C3 0.25 0.25 1.425 25 2.227 9.0 6.5 20.039 14.473
Total 20.039 63.457 86.836

Unit
Wall on Width Depth Length weight Weight
( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN)
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 1.375 2.75 14 13.234 0.00 1.50 0.000 19.852
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 1.375 3.25 14 15.641 0.00 4.75 0.000 74.293
Axis-2, A-B 0.15 1.375 2.75 14 7.941 4.00 1.50 31.763 11.911
Axis-2, B-C 0.15 1.375 3.25 14 9.384 4.00 4.75 37.538 44.576
Axis-3, A-B 0.25 1.375 2.75 14 13.234 9.00 1.50 119.109 19.852
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 1.375 3.25 14 15.641 9.00 4.75 140.766 74.293
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 1.375 3.75 14 18.047 2.00 0.00 36.094 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 1.375 4.75 14 22.859 6.50 0.00 148.586 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.15 1.375 3.75 14 10.828 2.00 3.00 21.656 32.484
Axis-B, 2-3 0.15 1.375 4.75 14 13.716 6.50 3.00 89.152 41.147
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 1.375 3.75 14 18.047 2.00 6.50 36.094 117.305
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 1.375 4.75 14 22.859 6.50 6.50 148.586 148.586
Total 181.431 809.342 584.298
ℎ ( ) = 590.030
= 2586.123
= 1966.296
∑ 2586.123
– ( )= = = 4.383
∑ 590.030
∑ 1966.296
– ( ) = = = 3.333
∑ 590.030
6.2. First floor center of mass

Unit Weight,
∗ ∗
Slab width Depth Length weight
⁄
( ) ( ) ( . ( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( (KN)
Dead load 9.25 0.15 6.75 25 234.141 4.5 3.25 1053.635 760.958
Live load 9.25 1.00 6.75 - 18.731 4.5 3.25 84.290 60.876
Beam on
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 0.1 2.75 25 1.719 0.0 1.50 0.000 2.578
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 0.1 3.25 25 2.031 0.0 4.75 0.000 9.648
Axis-2, A-B 0.25 0.1 2.75 25 1.719 4.0 1.50 6.875 2.578
Axis-2, B-C 0.25 0.1 3.25 25 2.031 4.0 4.75 8.125 9.648
Axis-3, A-B 0.25 0.1 2.75 25 1.719 9.0 1.50 15.469 2.578
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 0.1 3.25 25 2.031 9.0 4.75 18.281 9.648
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 0.1 3.75 25 2.344 2.0 0.00 4.688 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 0.1 4.75 25 2.969 6.5 0.00 19.297 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.25 0.1 3.75 25 2.344 2.0 3.00 4.688 7.031
Axis-B, 2-3 0.25 0.1 4.75 25 2.969 6.5 3.00 19.297 8.906
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 0.1 3.75 25 2.344 2.0 6.50 4.688 15.234
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 0.1 4.75 25 2.969 6.5 6.50 19.297 19.297
Total 280.06 1225.073 942.537
Unit ∗ ∗
(m) (m) (m) (KN) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
( ⁄ )
A1 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000
B1 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 0.0 3.0 0.000 6.680
C1 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 0.0 6.5 0.000 14.473
A2 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 4.0 0.0 8.906 0.000
B2 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 4.0 3.0 8.906 6.680
C2 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 4.0 6.5 8.906 14.473
A3 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 9.0 0.0 20.039 0.000
B3 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 9.0 3.0 20.039 6.680
C3 0.25 0.25 2.850 25 2.227 9.0 6.5 20.039 14.473
Wall on
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 2.75 2.75 14 13.234 0.00 1.50 0.000 19.852
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 3.25 2.75 14 15.641 0.00 4.75 0.000 74.293
Axis-2, A-B 0.15 2.75 2.75 14 7.941 4.00 1.50 31.763 11.911
Axis-2, B-C 0.15 3.25 2.75 14 9.384 4.00 4.75 37.538 44.576
Axis-3, A-B 0.25 2.75 2.75 14 13.234 9.00 1.50 119.109 19.852
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 3.25 2.75 14 15.641 9.00 4.75 140.766 74.293
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 3.75 2.75 14 18.047 2.00 0.00 36.094 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 4.75 2.75 14 22.859 6.50 0.00 148.586 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.15 3.75 2.75 14 10.828 2.00 3.00 21.656 32.484
Axis-B, 2-3 0.15 4.75 2.75 14 13.716 6.50 3.00 89.152 41.147
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 3.75 2.75 14 18.047 2.00 6.50 36.094 117.305
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 4.75 2.75 14 22.859 6.50 6.50 148.586 148.586
Total 181.431 809.342 384.298

ℎ ( ) = 683.00
= 3050.984
= 2204.492
∑ 3050.984
– ( )= = = 4.467
∑ 683.00
∑ 2204.492
− ( )= = = 3.228
∑ 683.00
6.3. Ground floor center of mass

Unit
Beam on Width Depth Length weight Weight
( ) ( ) ( . ( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN)
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 0.4 2.75 25 6.875 0 1.5 0.000 10.313
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 0.4 3.25 25 8.125 0 4.75 0.000 38.594
Axis-2, A-B 0.25 0.4 2.75 25 6.875 4 1.5 27.500 10.313
Axis-2, B-C 0.25 0.4 3.25 25 8.125 4 4.75 32.500 38.594
Axis-3, A-B 0.25 0.4 2.75 25 6.875 9 1.5 61.875 10.313
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 0.4 3.25 25 8.125 9 4.75 73.125 38.594
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 0.4 3.75 25 9.375 2 0 18.750 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 0.4 4.75 25 11.875 6.5 0 77.188 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.25 0.4 3.75 25 9.375 2 3 18.750 28.125
Axis-B, 2-3 0.25 0.4 4.75 25 11.875 6.5 3 77.188 35.625
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 0.4 3.75 25 9.375 2 6.5 18.750 60.938
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 0.4 4.75 25 11.875 6.5 6.5 77.188 77.188
Column on
A1 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 0 0 0.000 0.000
B1 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 0 3 0.000 7.031
C1 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 0 6.5 0.000 15.234
A2 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 4 0 9.375 0.000
B2 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 4 3 9.375 7.031
C2 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 4 6.5 9.375 15.234
A3 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 9 0 21.094 0.000
B3 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 9 3 21.094 7.031
C3 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 9 6.5 21.094 15.234
Wall on
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 2.75 2.75 14 26.469 0 1.5 0.000 39.703
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 3.25 2.75 14 31.281 0 4.75 0.000 148.586
Axis-2, A-B 0.15 2.75 2.75 14 15.881 4 1.5 63.525 23.822
Axis-2, B-C 0.15 3.25 2.75 14 18.769 4 4.75 75.075 89.152

Axis-3, A-B 0.25 2.75 2.75 14 26.469 9 1.5 238.219 39.703

Axis-1, B-C 0.25 3.25 2.75 14 31.281 9 4.75 281.531 148.586
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 3.75 2.75 14 36.094 2 0 72.188 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 4.75 2.75 14 45.719 6.5 0 297.172 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.15 3.75 2.75 14 21.656 2 3 43.313 64.969
Axis-B, 2-3 0.15 4.75 2.75 14 27.431 6.5 3 178.303 82.294
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 3.75 2.75 14 36.094 2 6.5 72.188 234.609
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 4.75 2.75 14 45.719 6.5 6.5 297.172 297.172
Total 383.956 1710.091 1235.392
Unit
(m) (m) (m) (KN) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
( ⁄ )
A1 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 0 0 0.000 0.000
B1 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 0 3 0.000 7.031
C1 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 0 6.5 0.000 15.234
A2 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 4 0 9.375 0.000
B2 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 4 3 9.375 7.031
C2 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 4 6.5 9.375 15.234
A3 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 9 0 21.094 0.000
B3 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 9 3 21.094 7.031
C3 0.25 0.25 1.50 25 2.344 9 6.5 21.094 15.234
Wall on
Axis-1, A-B 0.25 2.75 2.75 14 26.469 0 1.5 0.000 39.703
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 3.25 2.75 14 31.281 0 4.75 0.000 148.586
Axis-2, A-B 0.15 2.75 2.75 14 15.881 4 1.5 63.525 23.822
Axis-2, B-C 0.15 3.25 2.75 14 18.769 4 4.75 75.075 89.152
Axis-3, A-B 0.25 2.75 2.75 14 26.469 9 1.5 238.219 39.703
Axis-1, B-C 0.25 3.25 2.75 14 31.281 9 4.75 281.531 148.586
Axis-A, 1-2 0.25 3.75 2.75 14 36.094 2 0 72.188 0.000
Axis-A, 2-3 0.25 4.75 2.75 14 45.719 6.5 0 297.172 0.000
Axis-B, 1-2 0.15 3.75 2.75 14 21.656 2 3 43.313 64.969
Axis-B, 2-3 0.15 4.75 2.75 14 27.431 6.5 3 178.303 82.294
Axis-C, 1-2 0.25 3.75 2.75 14 36.094 2 6.5 72.188 234.609
Axis-C, 2-3 0.25 4.75 2.75 14 45.719 6.5 6.5 297.172 297.172
Total 383.956 1710.091 1235.392
ℎ ( ) = 492.706
= 2192.903
= 1583.986

∑ 2192.903
– ( )= = = 4.451
∑ 492.706
∑ 1583.986
− ( )= = = 3.215
∑ 492.706
7) Determination of center of stiffness

 Center of stiffness is a point where the stiffness or resistance of a floor is concentrated.
Can be calculated from D – value which is given by:
=
Where:
∑ ℎ ℎ
= , = , = =
2+ ∑ 12 12
= Stiffness of all beams connected to the top and bottom of column.
= Stiffness of column.
∑ ∗ ∑ ∗
= =
∑ ∑
i) D – value in x – direction frames

Top tie and intermediate beam stiffness:
(Span 4m)
ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.0814 × 10
12 12 ∗ 4000
(Span 5m)
ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.0651 × 10
12 12 ∗ 5000
Grade beam stiffness:

(Span 4m)
ℎ (250 )(400 )
= = = = 0.333 × 10
12 12 ∗ 4000
(Span 5m)
ℎ (250 )(400 )
= = = = 0.267 × 10
12 12 ∗ 5000
Column stiffness:

ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.1085 × 10
12 12 ∗ 3000
Footing column stiffness
ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.217 × 10
12 12 ∗ 1500
= 0.0814 = 0.0651
= 0.108 = 0.108 = 0.108

= 0.750 = 1.350 = 0.600
= 0.273 = 0.403 = 0.231
3.0m
= 0.030 = 0.044 = 0.025
= 0.099
= 0.0814 = 0.0651
= 0.108 = 0.108 = 0.108

= 1.910 = 3.440 = 1.530
3.0m = 0.489 = 0.632 = 0.433
= 0.053 = 0.069 = 0.047
= 0.333 = 0.267 = 0.169
= 0.217 = 0.217 = 0.217

= 1.535 = 2.765 = 1.230
1.5m = 0.576 = 0.685 = 0.536
= 0.125 = 0.149 = 0.116
= 0.390
4m 5m
(a) Frame on Axis A-A, B – B, and C - C
ii) D – value for frame in y direction

Top tie and intermediate beam stiffness:
(Span 3m)
ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.1085 × 10
12 12 ∗ 3000
(Span 3.5m)
ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.093 × 10
12 12 ∗ 3500
Grade beam stiffness:

(Span 3m)

ℎ (250 )(400 )
= = = = 0.444 × 10
12 12 ∗ 3000
(Span 3.5m)
ℎ (250 )(400 )
= = = = 0.381 × 10
12 12 ∗ 3500
Column stiffness:
ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.1085 × 10
12 12 ∗ 3000
Footing column stiffness

ℎ (250 )(250 )
= = = = 0.217 × 10
12 12 ∗ 1500
= 0.108 = 0.093
= 0.108 = 0.108 = 0.108

= 1.00 = 1.857 = 0.857
= 0.333 = 0.481 = 0.300
3.0m
= 0.036 = 0.052 = 0.033
= 0.121
= 0.108 = 0.093
= 0.108 = 0.108 = 0.108

= 2.546 = 4.730 = 2.184
3.0m = 0.560 = 0.703 = 0.522
= 0.061 = 0.076 = 0.057
= 0.444 = 0.381 = 0.194
= 0.217 = 0.217 = 0.217

= 2.046 = 3.802 = 1.756
1.5m = 0.629 = 0.741 = 0.601
= 0.136 = 0.161 = 0.130
= 0.427
3.0 m 3.5 m
(b) Frame on Axis 1 - 1, 2 – 2, and 3 - 3

iii) Center of stiffness for each storey
a) Roof level
X-direction y – direction
Frame on ( ) ∗ Frame on ( ) ∗
Axis 1-1 0.121 0.0 0.000 Axis A-A 0.099 0.0 0.000
Axis 2-2 0.121 4.0 0.484 Axis B-B 0.099 3.0 0.297
Axis 3-3 0.121 9.0 1.089 Axis C-C 0.099 6.5 0.643
Total 0.363 1.573 Total 0.297 0.9405

∑ ∗ 1.573 ∑ ∗ 0.9405
= = = 4.333 = = = 3.167
∑ 0.363 ∑ 0.297
b) First floor level

Axis 1-1 0.194 0.0 0.000 Axis A-A 0.169 0.0 0.000
Axis 2-2 0.194 4.0 0.776 Axis B-B 0.169 3.0 0.507
Axis 3-3 0.194 9.0 1.746 Axis C-C 0.169 6.5 1.098
Total 0.582 2.522 Total 0.507 1.6055
∑ ∗ 2.522 ∑ ∗ 1.6055
= = = 4.333 = = = 3.167
∑ 0.582 ∑ 0.507
c) Ground floor level

Axis 1-1 0.427 0.0 0.00 Axis A-A 0.390 0.0 0.000
Axis 2-2 0.427 4.0 1.708 Axis B-B 0.390 3.0 1.170
Axis 3-3 0.427 9.0 3.843 Axis C-C 0.390 6.5 2.535
Total 1.281 5.551 Total 1.170 3.705
∑ ∗ 5.551 ∑ ∗ 3.705
= = = 4.333 = = = 3.167
∑ 1.281 ∑ 1.170
8) Computation of frame shear ( )
= ∗
∑
Frame shear in x-direction Frame shear in y-direction
Axis Storey Axis Storey
A-A 0.390 17.94 5.980 1,1 0.427 17.94 5.98
B-B Ground 0.390 17.94 5.980 2,2 Ground 0.427 17.94 5.98
C-C 0.390 17.94 5.980 3,3 0.427 17.94 5.98
Σ 1.170 Σ 1.281
A-A 0.169 68.13 22.71 1,1 0.194 68.13 22.71
st st
B-B 1 0.169 68.13 22.71 2,2 1 0.194 68.13 22.71
C-C 0.169 68.13 22.71 3,3 0.194 68.13 22.71
Σ 0.507 Σ 0.582
A-A 0.099 97.85 32.62 1,1 0.121 97.85 32.62
B-B Roof 0.099 97.85 32.62 2,2 Roof 0.121 97.85 32.62
C-C 0.099 97.85 32.62 3,3 0.121 97.85 32.62
Σ 0.297 Σ 0.363

9) Determination of eccentricity
i) Actual eccentricity
= − = −
The actual eccentricities are so small that they can be neglected.

ii) Accidental eccentricity
= ±0.05 = ±0.05
In order to resist the accidental torsion resulting due to accidental eccentricities,

frame shears ( ) are corrected using a factor
= 1 + 0.6
Diagram for calculation of shear correction factor ( ) to determine accidental

eccentricities ( )
c. m
x
B
x - Direction frames

1 2 3
c. m
.
x
y – Direction frames
For x – direction frames, = 6.5 For y – direction frames , = 9.0

Roof level Roof level
Frames ( ) ( ) δ Frames ( ) ( ) δ
A 6.5 3.333 1.30766 1 9.0 4.383 1.29220
B 6.5 0.333 1.03074 2 9.0 0.383 1.02553
C 6.5 3.167 1.29234 3 9.0 4.617 1.30780
First floor Level First floor Level
Frames ( ) ( ) Frames ( ) ( ) δ
A 6.5 3.228 1.49662 1 9.0 4.467 1.29780
B 6.5 0.228 1.02105 2 9.0 0.467 1.03113
C 6.5 3.272 1.30203 3 9.0 4.533 1.30220
Ground floor Level Ground floor Level
Frames ( ) ( ) Frames ( ) ( ) δ
A 6.5 3.215 1.29677 1 9.0 4.451 1.29673
B 6.5 0.215 1.01985 2 9.0 0.451 1.03007
C 6.5 3.285 1.50538 3 9.0 4.549 1.30327
10) Corrected frame shear ( = )

x – Direction frames y – direction frames

Roof Level Roof Level

Frames Frames
A 32.62 1.30766 42.66 1 32.62 1.29220 42.15
B 32.62 1.03074 33.62 2 32.62 1.02553 33.45
C 32.62 1.29234 42.16 3 32.62 1.30780 42.66
First floor Level First floor Level
Frames Frames
A 22.71 1.49662 33.99 1 22.71 1.29780 29.47
B 22.71 1.02105 23.19 2 22.71 1.03113 23.42
C 22.71 1.30203 29.57 3 22.71 1.30220 29.57
Ground floor Level Ground floor Level
Frames Frames
A 5.980 1.29677 7.75 1 5.980 1.29673 7.75
B 5.980 1.01985 6.10 2 5.980 1.03007 6.16
C 5.980 1.50538 9.00 3 5.980 1.30327 7.79
11) Lateral forces on the Building Frames

x – Direction frames
42.66 33.62 42.16
33.99 23.19 29.57
7.75 6.10 9.00
Frame on Axis - A Frame on Axis - B Frame on Axis - C
y – Direction frames

42.15 33.45 42.66
29.47 23.42 29.57
7.75 6.16 7.79
Frame on Axis - 1 Frame on Axis - 2 Frame on Axis - 3
3.1.2. Wall Systems
3.1.2.1. Distribution of story shear among the walls
3.1.2.1.1. Symmetrical Wall assembly

EXAMPLE 3.3 (Symmetrical shear assembly)
The floor plan of a shear wall system shown in Figure E3.3 below is subjected to a
storey shear = 100 . Distribute the storey shear to the shear walls. Use wall thickness,
= 200 .
Y
1
3.0 m
= CM = CR
3 4 3.0 m
3.0 m
2
X
3.0 m 5.0 m 3.0 m
Figure E 3.3: Symmetrical shear assembly

SOLUTION:
1) Center of Stiffness ( , )
 For a symmetrical shear assembly, center of mass and center of stiffness coincides.
=( , ) = (5.5 , 4.5)
 The floor plan only translates in the direction of and there is no twisting effect on the
plan.
2) Distribution of storey shear ( , )
∗ ∗
= ; =
∑ ∑
= 100 ; =0
Shear Wall ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 0.0 2.0833 50.00 0.00
2 0.0 2.0833 50.00 0.00
3 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.90 4.17
= 50 ; = 50
=0 ; =0
3.1.2.1.2. Non-Symmetrical Wall assembly

Table 3.1: Centroid (C), Shear Center (O) and Moment of Inertia (I) for different shape of
shear walls
EXAMPLE 3.4: Distribute the storey shear = 400 among the walls assuming that
only the shear walls resists the earth quake loading for the following wall frame system is
located @ (14m , 5m) , = 250 .

SOLUTION:
∑( ∗ ) ∑ ∗
= ; =
∑ ∑
3 3(3)
= = = 0.9
+6 12 + 6(3)
1.1. Shear Wall, i
Shear wall 1
(0.25)(5) 0.25
= = 2.604 , = = 0.125
12 2
5 ∗ (0.25) 5
= = 0, = + 5 = 7.5
12 2
Shear wall 2
(0.25)(5) 0.25
= = 2.604 , = 20 − = 19.87
12 2
5 ∗ (0.25) 5
= =0, = + 5 = 7.5
12 2
Shear wall 3

(5)(0.25) 20
= =0 , = = 10
12 2
0.25 ∗ (5) 0.25

= = 2.604 , = = 0.125
12 2
Shear wall 4
(5) ∗ (0.25)
= =0 , = 10
12
0.25 ∗ (5) 0.25

= = 2.604 , = 10 − = 9.875
12 2
1.2. Stiffness center
∑( ∗ ) ∗ + ∗ +
= =
∑ +
(2.604 ∗ 0.125) + (2.604 ∗ 9.875)

=
2.604 + 2.604
= 10
∑ ∗ ∗ + ∗
= =
∑ +
(2.604 ∗ 0.125) + (2.604 ∗ 9.875)

=
2.604 + 2.604
=5
2) Eccentricities and Torsional Moment ( )

2.1. Eccentricities
Center of stiffens, CR, = (X , Y ) = (10m , 5m)
2.2. Torsional Moment
= ∗ e = (400KN) ∗ (4m) = 1600 KN. m

3) Distribution the storey shear ( , )
∗ ( ∗ ̅)
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗

∗ ∗
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
Where:
̅ = − = 10 − , = − =5−
Shear ̅ ∗ ̅ ∗ ∗ ̅ ∗
walls ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2.604 0.00 -10.0 2.50 26.04 0.00 260.4 0.0 0.0 264
2 2.604 0.00 10.0 2.50 26.04 0.00 260.4 0.0 0.0 136
3 0.00 2.604 0.0 -5.00 0.00 13.04 0.00 65.1 32.0 0.00
4 0.00 2.604 0.0 5.00 0.00 13.04 0.00 65.1 -32.0 0.00
5.208 5.208 520.8 130.20 0.00 400
= 5.208 , = 5.208
∗ ̅ = 520.8 , ∗ = 130.2
∗ ̅ + ∗ = 520.8 + 130.2 = 651
= = 400
∗ ∗
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(1600) ∗ 0
= 0+
651
=0
∗ (1600) ∗ (13.04)
=0+ = = 32
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ 651
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(400 ∗ 2.604) (1600) ∗ (26.04)

= +
5.208 651

= 264
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(400 ∗ 2.604) (1600) ∗ (26.04)

= +
5.208 651
= 136
EXAMPLE 3.5. (Unsymmetrical shear assembly)

The Figure E 3.5 below shows a floor plan of a shear wall multi storey structure. The
horizontal shear in the storey under consideration is = 400 acting along the center of
the building. Determine the portion of lateral load resisted by each shear wall. Use thickness
of wall = 300 .
Y
6m
5.0 m
3
1 5m 2 4m 6m
5.0 m
5m
X
5
15.0 m 15.0 m
=
Figure E 3.5: Unsymmetrical shear assembly
SOLUTION:

∑( ∗ ) ∑ ∗ ℎ ℎ
= ; = ; = ; =
∑ ∑ 12 12
 , the distance of the shear center of wall i from origin of chosen coordinate
system.
Shear Wall ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∗ ∗
1 0.0 5.0 3.125 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 15.0 5.0 1.600 0.00 24.00 0.00
3 30.0 5.0 5.40 0.00 162.00 0.00
4 15.0 10.0 0.00 5.40 0.00 54.00
5 15.0 0.0 0.00 3.125 0.00 0.00
10.125 8.525 186.00 54.00
∑( ∗ ) 186
= = = 18.37
∑ 10.125
∑ ∗ 54.00
= = = 6.33
∑ 8.525
2) Eccentricities and Torsional Moment :

Center of stiffens, CR, = (X , Y ) = (18.37, 6.33)
Center of Mass, CM, = (X , Y ) = (15 , 5)
e = X − X = 18.37 − 15.00 = 3.37m
e = Y − Y = 6.33 − 5.00 = 1.33 m
= ∗ e = (400KN) ∗ (3.37m) = 1348 KN. m
3) Distribution of the storey shear
∗ ( ∗ ̅)
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
= + = , =0
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
Where:
̅ = − = 18.37 − , = − = 6.33 −

Shear walls ( ) ( ) ̅( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∗ ̅ ∗
1 0 5 18.37 1.33 3.125 0.000 1054.55 0.00
2 15 5 3.37 1.33 1.600 0.000 18.17 0.00
3 30 5 -11.63 1.33 5.400 0.000 730.39 0.00
4 15 10 3.37 -3.67 0.000 5.400 0.00 72.73
5 15 0 3.37 6.33 0.000 3.125 0.00 125.22
10.125 8.525 1803.11 197.95
∗ ̅ + ∗ = 1803.11 + 197.95 = 2001.06
= 10.125
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(400 ∗ 3.125) (1348) ∗ (3.125 ∗) ∗ (18.37)

= +
10.125 2001.06
= 162.13
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(400 ∗ 1.60) (1348) ∗ (1.60) ∗ (3.37)

= +
10.125 2001.06
= 66.84
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(400 ∗ 5.40) (1348) ∗ (5.40) ∗ (−11.63)

= +
10.125 2001.06
= 171.03
= =0

∗
=
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
= = =0
∗ 1348 ∗ (5.4) ∗ (−3.67)

= = = −13.35
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ 2001.06
∗ 1348 ∗ (3.125) ∗ (6.33)

= = = 13.33
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ 2001.06
= .
4
3
1
2
= .
= . = .
5
X
= .
EXAMPLE 3.6 (Unsymmetrical shear assembly)
Distribute the storey shear = 200 to various shear walls shown in the floor plan in
Figure 3.6 below. Use thickness of wall = 200 .

3m 9m 12 m
3 3.0 m
1
3m
2.7m X
6.0 m
2.7m
3m 9m 6m 6 m2
Figure 3.6: Unsymmetrical shear assembly in floor plan
SOLUTION:
∑( ∗ ) ∑ ∗
= ; =
∑ ∑
3 3(3)
= = = 0.9
+6 12 + 6(3)
1.3. Shear Wall, i
Shear wall 1

⁄ =
⁄ =
(12 )(0.2)
= ( +6 )= 6 + (6 ∗ 3) = 72 , = −0.9 + 12 = −12.9
12 12
2 + (3 )(0.2) (2 ∗ 12) + 3
= = = 2.7 , = 0.0
3 +2 3 12 + (2 ∗ 3)
Shear wall 2 Y
= .
6m b=6 m

( + 4 ) 6 ∗ 0.2(6 + (4 ∗ 6))
= = = 9.0 , = 12
12( + ) 12(6 + 6)
( + 4 ) 6 ∗ 0.2(6 + (4 ∗ 6))
= = = 9.0 , = −6.0
12( + ) 12(6 + 6)
Shear wall 3
∗ 0.2 ∗ (3)
= = = 0.45 , = 12
12 12
∗ 3 ∗ (0.2) 3
= = =0 , = + 3 = 4.5
12 12 2
Shear wall 4
Y
2.7m X
b
2.7m
= 2.7 − 0.2 = 2.5 , = 2.7 − 0.2 = 2.5
∗ 0.2 ∗ (2.5)
= ( +3 )= [2.5 + (3 ∗ 2.5)] = 2.083 , =0
6 6
∗ 0.2 ∗ (2.5)
= ( +3 )= [2.5 + (3 ∗ 2.5)] = 2.083 , =0
6 6
1.4. Stiffness center
∑( ∗ ) ∗ + ∗ + ∗ + ∗
= =
∑ + + +
72 ∗ (−12.9) + (9 ∗ 12) + (0.45 ∗ 12) + (2.083 ∗ 0)

=
72 + 9 + 0.45 + 2.083
= −9.76

∑ ∗ ∗ + ∗ + ∗ + ∗
= =
∑ + + +
2.7 ∗ (0) + (9 ∗ (−6)) + (0 ∗ 4.5) + (2.083 ∗ 0)

=
2.7 + 9 + 0 + 2.083
= −3.92
5) Eccentricities and Torsional Moment ( )

2.3. Eccentricities
Center of stiffens, CR, = (X , Y ) = (−9.76m, −3.92m)
Center of Mass, CM, = (X , Y ) = (0 , 0)
e = X − X = −9.76 − 0 = −9.76m
e = Y − Y = −3.92 − 0 = −3.92 m
2.4. Torsional Moment
= ∗ e = (200KN) ∗ (−9.76m) = 1952 KN. m

6) Distribution the storey shear ( , )
∗ ( ∗ ̅)
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
∗ ∗
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
Where:
̅ = − = −9.76 − , = − = −3.92 −
Shear ̅ ∗ ̅ ∗
walls ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 -12.9 0.0 3.14 -3.92 72.00 2.70 709.89 41.49
2 12.0 -6.0 -21.76 2.08 9.00 9.00 4261.48 38.94
3 12.0 4.5 -21.76 -8.42 0.45 0.00 213.07 0.00
4 0.0 0.0 -9.76 -3.92 2.083 2.083 198.42 32.01
83.533 13.783 5382.87 112.44

= 83.533 , = 13.783
∗ ̅ = 5382.87 , ∗ = 112.44
∗ ̅ + ∗ = 5382.87 + 112.44 = 5495.30
= = 200
∗ ∗
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(0 ∗ 2.7) (−1952) ∗ (2.7) ∗ (−3.92)

= +
112.44 5495.3
= 3.76
∗ (−1952) ∗ (9) ∗ (2.08)

= = = −6.65
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ 5495.30
∗ (−1952) ∗ (0) ∗ (−8.42)

= = =0
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ 5495.30
∗ (−1952) ∗ (2.083) ∗ (−3.92)

= = = 2.90
∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗ 5495.30
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(200 ∗ 72) (−1952) ∗ (72) ∗ (3.14)

= +
83.533 5495.30
= 92.08
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(200 ∗ 9) (−1952) ∗ (9) ∗ (−21.76)

= +
83.533 5495.3

= 91.11
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(200 ∗ 0.45) (−1952) ∗ (0.45) ∗ (−21.76)

= +
83.533 5495.30
= 5.56
∗ ( ∗ ̅ )
= +
∑ ∑ ∗ ̅ + ∗
(200 ∗ 2.083) (−1952) ∗ (2.083) ∗ (−9.76)

= +
83.533 5495.30
= 12.21
Y
2.7m 3
4
= . 1 = .
= .
2.7m X
= .
= .
= .
2 =− .
= .

CHAPTER-3 Lateeral Load Resistane System Example - 2

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CHAPTER-3 Lateeral Load Resistane System Example - 2

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JU, Jimma Institute Technology Chapter -3: Lateral Force resisting systems

CHAPTER 3: LATERAL FORCE RESISTING SYSTEMS

3.1.1. Frame System

EXAMPLE 3.1: For G+1 building

4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m

Figure E 3.1: First floor plane

Column size = 200 × 400

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 1

1.5m 300 × 400

4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m

Stepe-1: Relative stiffness and D-value computation

1.1.1. Column (storey) , = 3.06 = 3060

ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ 400 ⁄12)

ℎ ⁄12 (400 ∗ 200 ⁄12)

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 2

1.1.2. Foundation column

ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ 400 ⁄12)

ℎ ⁄12 (400 ∗ 200 ⁄12)

1.1.3. Grade beam and top-tie beam

ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

ℎ ⁄12 (200 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

1.1.4. First floor beam (FFB)

ℎ ⁄12 (300 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

ℎ ⁄12 (300 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 3

ℎ ⁄12 (300 ∗ (400) ⁄12)

1.2. D-value computation

1.5m 300 × 400

4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m

⇒ = = 0.313 ∗ 0.349 = 0.11

0.5 + 0.5 + 0.357

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 4

⇒ = = 0.364 ∗ 0.711 = 0.259 ≅ 0.26

⇒ = = 0.785 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0683 ≅ 0.07

0.254 0.254 ∑ 0.254 + 0.254

0.5 + 0.5 + 2.854

⇒ = = 0.691 ∗ 0.178 ≅ 0.12

⇒ = = 0.785 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0683 ≅ 0.07

0.254 0.254 ∑ 0.254 + 0.254

⇒ = = 0.691 ∗ 0.178 ≅ 0.12

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 5

⇒ = = 0.803 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0699 ≅ 0.07

0.254 0.471 ∑ 0.254 + 0.471

⇒ = = 0.753 ∗ 0.178 = 0.134 ≅ 0.13

⇒ = = 0.360 ∗ 0.349 = 0.1256 ≅ 0.13

0.5 + 0.5 + 0.442

⇒ = = 0.386 ∗ 0.711 = 0.274 ≅ 0.27

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 6

0.11 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.13 D = 0.45

0.11 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.13 D = 0.45

1.5m 0.26 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.27 D = 0.90

4.2m 4.2m 4.2m 3.4m

1.2.2. Frame Axis on – 2 , 1

1.5m 300 × 400

4.2m 4.2m 4.2m

Structural Design Prepared by- Ashagre Fetene (2014EC) Page 7

⇒ = = 0.313 ∗ 0.349 = 0.11

0.5 + 0.5 + 0.357

⇒ = = 0.364 ∗ 0.711 = 0.259 ≅ 0.26

⇒ = = 0.785 ∗ 0.087 = 0.0683 ≅ 0.07

0.254 0.254 ∑ 0.254 + 0.254