1.

A hollow right circular cylinder is made of cast iron and has an outside diameter of 75mm and an
inside diameter of 60mm. if the cylinder is loaded by an axial compressive force of 50kN.
Determine the total shortening, in mm. in a 600m length. Take the modulus of elas city to be
100 GPa.
𝑃𝐿
∆𝐿 =
𝐴𝐸
𝜋[(0.075) − (0.06) ] 81
𝐴= = 𝜋
4 160000
50 ∗ 600
∆𝐿 = = 0.0188628
81
𝜋 ∗ 100(10 )
160000
2. Steel railroad rails 10m long are laid with a clearance of 3mm at a temperature of 15C. at what
temperature. In C, will the rails just touch? Use coefficient of linear expansion for steel
11.7μm/m.C and E = 200 Gpa

𝛿𝑡 = 𝛼𝐿(∆𝑇)

3 = (11.7 ∗ 10 )(10000)(𝑇𝑓 − 15)

3
𝑇𝑓 = + 15 = 40.6410256
(11.7 ∗ 10 )(10000)
3. A mber beam 80mm wide by 160mm high is subjected to a ver cal shear 40kN. Determine the
shearing stress. In MPa. At a layer 20mm from the top of the beam.

STRICTLY FOR RECTANGULAR FORMULA

3𝑉 3(40)(1000)
𝑓𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 4.6875
2𝑏𝑑 2(80)(160)
Long method

𝑏𝑑 80(160 )
𝐼= = = 27.31 ∗ 10 𝑚𝑚
12 12
𝑉𝑄 40(1000)𝑄
𝑓𝑣 = = = 18.31 ∗ 10
𝐼𝑏 27.31 ∗ 10 (80)
Solve for number of Layers
160𝑚𝑚
= 80𝑚𝑚
2
80𝑚𝑚
= 4 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟𝑠
20𝑚𝑚/𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟
LAYER 1
20
𝐹1 = 80(20) 80 − (18.31 ∗ 10 ) = 2.0508𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
Layer 2
20
𝐹2 = 2.0508 + 80(20) 80 − − 20 (18.31 ∗ 10 ) = 3.5156𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
Layer 3
20
𝐹3 = 3.5156 + 80(20) 80 − − 20 − 20 (18.31 ∗ 10 ) = 4.3945𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
Layer 4
20
𝐹4 = 4.3945 + 80(20) 80 − − 20 − 20 − 20 (18.31 ∗ 10 ) = 4.6875𝑀𝑃𝑎
2

4. A simply supported rectangular beam, 50mm wide by 100mm deep. Carries uniformly
distributed load of 1.2kN/m over its en re length. What is the maximum length of the beam in
meters. If the flextural stress is limited to 21MPa

1.2(𝐿)
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 0.6𝐿
2
𝑊𝐿 1.2(𝐿 )
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = = = 0.15(𝐿 )
8 8
𝑀𝑐 0.15𝐿 (50)(1000 )
𝑓𝑏 = = = 21
𝐼 50(100 )
12

𝐿 = 3.41565
 5. A 50-mm diameter bar is used as a simply supported beam 3m long. Determine the largest
uniformly distributed load. In N/m that can be applied over the right two-thirds of the beam if
the flexural stress is limited to 50MPa.

𝑀𝑎 = 0

3𝑅𝑏 = 2𝑤(2)
4
𝑅𝑏 = 𝑤
3

𝑀𝑏 = 0

3𝑅𝑎 = 2𝑤(1)
2
𝑅𝑏 = 𝑤
3
𝑀𝑐
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼
8
𝑤(1000)(25)
50 = 9 = 690.29
𝜋(25 )
4
6. A simply supported beam 120mm wide, 180mm deep, and 6m long carries a uniformly disturbed
load of 4kN/m over the en re span. Calculate the maximum deflec on in mm if E =200GPA

𝑦 = 12𝑥 − 2𝑥
2
𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐1
3
1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐1𝑥 + 𝑐2
6
@x = 0; y = 0 ; c2=0

@x =6 ; y = 0; c1 =-36

Since symmetrical max deflec on is at midspan

@x=3
1
𝑦 = 2(3) − (3) − 36(3) + 0
6
120(180 )
𝐼= = 58320000
12
67.5 67.5(10 )
𝑦=− = = 5.787
𝐸𝐼 (200𝐸6) ∗ 58320000
7. If a solid circular sha of 1.25in is subjected to torque T of 2500lb-in causing an angle of twitst of
3.12 in a 5 length. Determine the shear modulus of the material in x10^3 lb/in^2
𝑇𝐿 2500(60) 𝜋
𝛩= = = 3.12( )
𝐽𝐺 1 180
(𝜋)(1.25 )(𝐺)
32

11492.62804(10 )𝑙𝑏
𝐺=
𝑖𝑛
A concrete block is supported by two guy wires a ached to an anchor ring as shown:

8. Determine the resultant force on the anchor ring

𝑅𝑥 = −7𝑐𝑜𝑠15 + 3.5𝑐𝑜𝑠30 = −3.73𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝑦 = 7𝑠𝑖𝑛15 + 3.5𝑠𝑖𝑛30 = 3.562𝑘𝑁

𝑅= 3.73 + 3.562 = 5.16𝑘𝑁

9. Determine the angle. In degrees of resultant force with respect to horizontal.
𝑅𝑦 3.562
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝛩 = = tan = 𝛩 = 43.675
𝑅𝑥 −3.73

10. Determine the weight W. in kN of the concrete block with factor of safety of 1.25 to prevent
upli
𝑊
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛15 + 3.5𝑠𝑖𝑛30 = 3.562𝑘𝑁(1.25) = 4.45𝑘𝑁
(1.25)
 A barge shown in the figure supports the load w1 and w2 for every one meter strip along the
longitudinal sec on.

11. Find the total length L in meters so that the upward pressure on the slab is uniform and t hat the
barge remains horizontal.

𝑓𝑦 = 182(2) + 290(3) = 𝑤𝐿
1234
𝑊=
𝐿
3 1234 𝐿
𝑀𝑎 = 182(2)(1) + 290(3) 2 + 6 + = (𝐿)
2 𝐿 2
𝐿 = 13.985 = 14
12. Calculate the resul ng upward pressure in kN/m
1234 1234
𝑊= = = 88.1428
𝐿 14
13. At what distance, in meters. From the le end will the shear in the slab be equal to zero?
𝑥 6−𝑥
= 𝑥 = 2.13 + 2 = 4.13
187.72 341.12

The square mber is used as a e. It carries two uniformly distributed loads of 240 kN/m each. The
reac on form the ground is distributed uniformly over the length of the e.

18. Calculate the maximum bending moment in kNm

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 0.5 + 0.2 + 1 + 0.2 + 0.5 = 2.4

𝐹𝑣 = 0
2.4𝑅 = 240(0.2) + 240(0.2) 𝑅 = 40𝑘𝑁/𝑚
20 20
= 𝑥 = 0.1 + 0.5 = 0.6
𝑥 0.2 − 𝑥
1
(20)(0.6) = 6𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
19. Calculate maximum shear

R(x) = 40(0.5) = 20kN

20. Determine the smallest allowable dimension b in mm. if the working stress in bending is 8.1 MPa
𝑚𝑐
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼
1
6 𝑥 (1000 )
8.1 = 2 𝑥 = 165.1𝑚𝑚
1
𝑥
12

A solid steel sha , 8m long, 100mm in diameter is subjected simultaneously to an axial compressive
force of 600kN and a torque T that twist the sha through 1.5 if the shear modulus of steel is 80GPa.

21.The torque T in kN.m

𝑇𝐿 𝑇(8000) 1.5𝜋
𝛩= = = 𝑇 = 2570209𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 2.57𝑘𝑁 𝑚
𝐽𝐺 1 180
(𝜋)(100 )(80)(10 )
32
22. maximum normal stress in the sha in MPa
16𝑇 16(2570209)
𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 13.08996
𝜋𝑑 𝜋(100 )
23. Maximum shear stress in the sha

600 ∗ 10
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜋 = 76.39
(0.1 )
4

𝜎𝑥 76.39
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) + 13.09 = 40.38
2 2
The frame shown in the figure supports a weight W. neglect the weight of members and fric on

@𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝐶
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶 = 0
𝐷𝑦(18) − 𝑊𝑥(18 − 6) = 0
2
𝐷𝑦 = 𝑊
3
𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝑀𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝐸𝐵𝐷
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸 = 0
𝐷𝑦(18) + 16𝐷𝑥 + 𝐹𝑓𝑔(4) + 8𝐵𝑥 + 9𝐵𝑦 = 0
2
𝑊(18) + 0(16) + 4𝐹𝑓𝑔 + 8𝐵𝑥 + 9𝐵𝑦 = 0
3
8𝐵𝑥 + 9𝐵𝑦 + 4𝐹𝑓𝑔 = −12𝑤 𝑒𝑞𝑛1

𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝑀𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝐴𝐵𝐶

𝑆𝑈𝑀𝑀𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐹𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑆 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 0
𝐹𝑓𝑔 = −𝐵𝑥 𝑒𝑞𝑛 2
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑒𝑞𝑛 2 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑛 1
9𝐵𝑦 + 4𝐵𝑥 = −12𝑊 𝑒𝑞𝑛3
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎 = 0
𝐶𝑦(18) − 9𝐵𝑦 + 4𝐹𝑓𝑔 + 8𝐵𝑥 = 0
𝑊
(18) − 9𝐵𝑦 − 4𝐵𝑥 + 8𝐵𝑥 = 0
3
9𝐵𝑦 − 4𝐵𝑥 = 6𝑊 𝑒𝑞𝑛 4
−8𝐵𝑥 = 18𝑊
Determine Tension in cable FG
9 9 9
𝐵𝑥 = − 𝑊 𝐹𝑓𝑔 = 𝑊 = (150) = 337.5𝑘𝑁
4 4 4
Determine pin Reac on at B
𝐵𝑥 = −337.5 𝐵𝑦 = −50 𝐵 = 337.5 + 50 = 341.2
Determine the maximum weight in lbs that can be supported if breaking strength of cable FG that
supports the frame is 400lb
9 9
𝐹𝑓𝑔 = 𝑊 400 = 𝑊 𝑊 = 177.78
4 4
A simply supported beam 16m long is simply supported at distance b from both ends. It supports a
uniform load if 120kN/m over the en re length

27. Find the value b in meters that will give the smallest magnitude for the maximum bending moment
of the beam

Reac on
120 ∗ 16
= 960
2

Maximum bending moment

8
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 960(8 − 𝑏) − 120 ∗ 8 ∗ = 3840 − 960𝑏
2
Trial and error from choices

@b= 3.31 Mmax = 662.4

@b = 4 Mmax = 0

@b = 4.67 Mmax =-643.2

@b = 2.33 Mmax =1603.2

Answer = 4

What is the Value of this bending Moment in kN-m

Since M at midspan is 0 try M at support

120(4 )
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 960
2
Locate the point from the le support in meters where bending moment is 0

X=0

=
A can lever hollow circular steel sha has an outside diameter of 100mm and thickness of 10mm

30. Determine the maximum torque, in kN-m that can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress of
60Mpa
46𝑇𝐷 16𝑇(100)
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 60 = = 6955486.135 𝑁𝑚𝑚 = 6.9𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝜋(𝐷 − 𝑑 ) 𝜋(100 − 80 )
31. determine the maximum toque in kN-m that can be applied without exceeding a twist of 0.5deg/m.
use G = 83GPA
𝑇𝐿 𝑇(1000) 0.5𝜋
𝛩= = = 𝑇 = 4198282.972𝑁𝑚𝑚 = 4.19𝑘𝑁 𝑚
𝐽𝐺 1
(𝜋)(100 − 80 )(83000) 180
32
32. determine the maximum shear stress in MPa, if the applied torque at the free end is 8kN m

16𝑇𝐷 16(8)(100)
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 69.0102
𝜋(𝐷 − 𝑑 ) 𝜋(100 − 80 )

A highway load composed of a uniform load of magnitude 100kN/m and a concentrated load of 150kN
passes through a simply supported beam 10m with an overhang of 3m to the right

33. based on the influence line of diagram for the maximum reac on at the right support. Determine the
maximum reac on in kN.

1
(1.3)(13)(100) + 150(1) = 995
2

34. Based on the influence line diagram for the maximum shear at the midspan determine the maximum
nega ve shear
 1 1
(0.5)(5)(100) + (3)(0.3)(100) + 0.5(150) = 245
2 2
35. Based on the influence line diagram for the maximum moment at the midspan determine the
maximum posi ve moment in kNm

1
150(2.5) + (2.5)(10)(100) = 1625
2

36. A 6m long fully restrained beam carries uniform load of 20kN/m

What is the max posi ve bending moment in kNm

 𝑤𝐿 20(6 )
𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = = = 60
12 12
What is maximum shear in the beam
𝑤𝑙 20(6)
𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = = = 60
2 2
Deflec on at midspan

𝑤𝑙 20(6 )
= = 4.75
384𝐸𝐼 384(200𝐸3)(71𝐸6)
39. A simply supported beam 10m long has an overhang of 2m at the le support. If highway uniform
load passes thru the beam. Compute the following based on the influence line for maximum shear at
midspan.

Determine the length of the beam in meters, where the uniform load could produce maximum posi ve
shear at midpsan

2+5=7m

Determine the length of the beam in meters, where the uniform load could produce maximum posi ve
moment at the midpspan
L = 10m

Max posi ve shear

1 1
(0.5)(5)(9.35) + (0.2)(2)(9.35) + 116(0.5) = 71.56
2 2
Max nega ve moment
1
(1)(2)(9.35) + 116 = 125.35
2

A ridig block weighing 176.4 kN is a ached as shown in the figure Proper es are as follows: for steel A =
600mm^2 E = 200GPa: for bronze A = 900mm^2 E =83 GPA the block is to remain horizontal
Calculate the tensilve force in the steel rod in kN.

Mali ata yung weight niya 176.4kN ata

𝑃𝑏 + 2𝑃𝑠 = 176.4 𝑒𝑞𝑛2

1.6𝑃𝑏 𝑃𝑠
=
𝐴𝑏𝐸𝑏 𝐴𝑠𝐸𝑠
𝑃𝑏(1.6)(200)(600)
= 𝑃𝑠 = 2.57𝑃𝑏 𝑒𝑞𝑛 2
900(83)
Sub eqn 2 to eqn 1

𝑃𝑏 + 2(2.57𝑃𝑏) = 176.4 𝑃𝑏 = 28.729

𝑃𝑠 = 2.57(28.729) = 73.835
𝑃𝑏 28.729 ∗ 10
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑏 = = = 31.92
𝐴𝑏 900
𝑃𝑏(1.6)(10 ) 28.729(10 )(1.6)(10 )
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = = 0.615𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐸 900(83)(10 )
 1. A square hollow steel strut with a wall thickness. T = 10mm is pin connected to two gusset plaes
having thickness 12mm, which are welded to the base plate 12mm thick and fastened to a
concrete base 4-12mm diameter anchor bolts. Diameter of pin is 1mm compressive load P
=48kN Θ=30

Bearing stress between bearing and strut

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 48 ∗ 10
𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = = 150
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 2 ∗ 10 ∗ 16
Shearing stress in the pin
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 48
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = 𝜋 = 119.37
𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 ∗ 16
4
Shear stress in achor bolt

𝐹𝑥 48 ∗ 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠30
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = 𝜋 = 51.69
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 4 ∗ 16
4
2. Figure below sows the distributed loading due to water pressure that is ac ng on the upstream
side of the flood barrier 1.6m wide. Neglect the weight of the barrier

𝑃 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝛾ℎ = 9.81 ∗ 3 = 29.43

1 2
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = (3)(29.43)(1.6) = 70.632 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 (3) = 2𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝
2 3

𝑀𝑎 = 0

70.632(3 − 2) − 𝑁𝑏(2.4) = 0 𝑅𝑏 = 29.43

𝐹𝑥 = 0

29.43 cos 30 + 𝐴𝑥 − 70.632 = 𝐴𝑥 = 45.145 𝐻𝑂𝑅𝐼𝑍𝑂𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁

𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐴𝑦 = 29.43𝑠𝑖𝑛30 = 14.715 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐼𝐶𝐴𝐿 𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁

𝑅𝑎 = 45.145 + 14.715 = 47.4827

 3. A 305mmx500mm rectangular beam is reinforced with a steel area of 1935mm^2 at a depth
432mm. Assume f’c 20.MPa. and fy = 275. The beam is subjected to a bending moment of 95
kNm

𝐸𝑐 = 4700√20.7 = 21383.70875
𝐸𝑠 200000
𝑛= = = 9.35 𝑢𝑠𝑒 9
𝐸𝑐 21383.70875
Moment of Area
1
305𝑥 (𝑋) = 9(1935)(432 − 𝑥)
2
𝑥 = 172.23
305𝑥
𝐼𝑛𝑎 = + 9(1935)(432 − 𝑥) = 169457528 = 1694
3
Moment capacity base on steel
9(95)(432 − 172.23)
𝐹𝑠 = = 131.0
1694 ∗ 10
4. A rectangular beam 300x500mm deep is reinforced with 1530mm^2 steel rebars the cover up to
the centroid of the bars is 70mm use f’c=28 fy = 420

Depth of compression block

0.85(28)(𝑎)(300) = 1530(420)
𝑎 = 90
Ul mate moment
90
𝑀 = 0.9(1530)(420) 500 − 70 − = 222.7
2
 5. Lapped joint is shown in the figure. The steel plate is made from A36 steel (Fy = 248MPa an Fu =
400Mpa). Calculate for the net area, in mm of the cri cal steel plate if the bolt diameter is 19mm
and the holes are mm larger than the bolts

GROSS YIELDING
𝑃
0.6(248) = = 𝑃 = 288
203.2
NET SECTION FRACTURE

𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = [203.2 − 2(21)](9.53) = 1536.2 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑎 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑠 1336

𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡
0.5(400) = = 𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 267.2 𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠
1336
𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡
0.5(400) = = 307
1536.2