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ၶၢဝ်းတၢင်းသီႇႁူဝ်ႇ - 7
ၶၢဝ်းတၢင်းသီႇႁူဝ်ႇ - 7
rmh-7
Ceylon Journey
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Our Contributors
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cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005 Æ xiii
qkrf:ygifumefyyf.
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(Chief Consultant)
qof;cl:arjvlif Dr. crf:rhm xrfrOjrd
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(Chief Editor)
1. qof;TOj,OkoI rmof:crf:
2. qof;TOj,eefawjzjO qgrfOSif
3. qof;cl:odqdwfw uRif:vSif
4. qof;cl:OlIdb Ogh;Ndif:
zl;qgh;xSrfykdefyyf.
1. qof;TOj,eefWorfO uRif:wh:uof;vuf:? oAif:wj;ukif;/
2. qof;TOj,OkcrdefW uRif:vghwkdifcrf:? oAif:rl,aq;/
3. yD;qhm:ekwf: rguf,ul,Ogh;vSif? oAif:wj;ukif;/
4. qof;ynfanjzjO uRif:erf.crf:? wlduf;wdwf.OAif.?
wrj,wmef:? uRh:sO,umef,? oAif:vldof,/
5. qhm:tgif,rldif: rlofwh:? wmif: 35? su; 73{74? oAif:vldof,/
6. vkif:wmif:su: wlduf;ayj.vduf; olif:oef:? wlef;wD:/
7. qof;cl:vlifqof;odqjIe owf.ydwuwf;? oAif:ymifvlif/
8. qof;cl:vlifqof;odaQb uRif:rguf,rh,? oAif:uAif:wkif/
9. qof;cl:vlifqof;aujvdb uRif:umifrldif:? oAif:vj;OAof;/
10. qof;tjavju uRif:Mif,? oAif:rl,aq;/
cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005 Æ xv
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1. uGmrf:erf: JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ I
2. zfGyAefzfGefG:zl;wSrf;vduf;pof: JJJJJJJJ IV
4. vrf:efG: JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ XV
5. owf.tvkodpmIf JJJJJJJJJJJJJ 1
qof;vmof Zmifykdef:
6. oef:odOj,c vldefNuf:rlef: J J J J J J J J J 13
qof;cl:srjvlif Dr. xrf,rOj,rd crf:
7. clef.pefckdef:ykdef:wh:sw,eyf.brfykwf.xOj,Oej, 17
qof;xrf,rOj,rd aej,crf:vj.
8. vgef.uSefeif;Twj: J J J J J J J J J J J J 30
qof;cl:rdvdef,w OAof;crf:
9. ydkef:uSyf;Oj,Oej,ykwf.x rldif:OD,Nof, J J J J J 36
qof;eef,awj:zj,O wkdef:OSif
10. oef:rj:c vldefOmrfrlef: JJJJJJJJJ 47
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11. Olyf: trf,eef uGmrf: JJJJJJJJJJJ 54
qof;eef,awj:zj,O qgrfOSif
12. wmif:pefxkid fykwf.x elod fyhm:rmuf;rD: JJJJJJ 67
OmrfOSif uAif:wkif
xvi Æ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005
13. vgif;oh.qfG JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 76
qof;ynfnjODId Ohmygef
14. xrf:xrf,rqu.fu tgefvD JJJJJJJJJ 87
qof;odOkwf.x uSof;
15. az:Meferf. Ol,ej,rd JJJJJJJJJJ 95
qof;rpjynfnj OSiferf.zkdif;
16. umefzj,oej, JJJJJJJJJJJJJ 106
qof;OkoI rmof:crf:
17. ulef:OD,auj. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 117
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18. Oj,Oej,ykwf.xsv;vkrf;'j.rldof;vAof J J J J J 123
qof;awodefw OSifcrf:
19. zowhm OhmqfGyh,cmwf, JJJJJJJJJJJ 132
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20. qfGpefsi.vDsv;qfGpefsi.qj. JJJJJJJ 139
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21. vgif;xAifuef JJJJJJJJJJJJJJ 150
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22. cl:vhm: tgrf;vkuf;egif. JJJJJJJJJJJ 158
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23. ukef:rkefayj;sr; JJJJJJJJJJJJ 169
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24. uGmrf:tefrD:efG:qfG J J J J J J J J J J J J 176
qof;tjwdqfqjorfOjvifujI rgef:OSif [uAif:wkif]
cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005 Æ xvii
ej;Oldof;yyf.
pmif;ej;Oldof;yyf. cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm-7 yD<2005 eh.
yAefpmif;owf.tvkodpjI
wD;pAwf:Omif; Oif,ujbej, yguf;xD.OD,
tefqkdof;OAifvkdof: efG:ykdef:rldif:vif:uj wD;ekdif;/
vgif;sv;ykdef:ref:
vlwlnf:wD;ej;vduf; 1 awj, 12 efG:yyf.eh.wj./
tvkodpmIf
(Aluvihāra)
dI;hqdr:scr,gv,ynv, tUnr;sI,
dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,
jwr;l/wr F/crbJnr:
3
Ibid, p. 235.
4
Early History of Buddhism in Ceylon, p. 82.
5
jJwr;d/cr @gL/o:nr - Jain#kwrekv;nJcr;> mKwr;kunrsumr:sJgr:es lQnr;b/o;nnrx mnr:
hnrkunr lQnr;b/o;El; mKwr;mnr:Wcrxb/wr,wv; @a/o;lmrs/cr,sI; lQnr;b/o;ywrx#nonnrx
kunrsdihnrcinr:mQnr;es jcr,pcrwoxnfr:jfrmnr:wv; ebv:kJnr:ebxsJgr: hqdr:kunrmv:
tQcr;no eddcr;wih/Rrsfr, dI;nKwrlinrmnr:noxnoywrx> yznrxnnr w/o:ebxsJgr:kJnr:
ywrx kunrjcr,yv.lQwrbQdr; dI;yU,nignrtes hqdr:wih/Rrsfr,nKwrmnr:ncr,noywrx>
tvkodpmIf \ 5
lzcr;dQmr;bidgdr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,
gqwr,gbr:lUYr; k/wr:y/mr:El; lzcr;d/cr:anrlo;dQmr; bid
gdr;tmr:jwr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,nox mI:d/cr:hnrtJcr bQgr,bKcr;gnrwox
l/ol/oanrywrx> bKcrlUcrmnr: edjQgr,hqdr:szcrdznr; - d/cr:hnr
tJcr anrgqwr,gbr: mKwr;g/br;b/nraJbr:y/gr;El; d/cr:hnrtJcr anr
gqwr,gbr:mKwr;w/o:kunr wdrdgvmni kJnr:kJnr;bqnrkunrmv:nnr.es
lqbr;hqnr:gfv,>
d/cr:hnrtJcr g/br;b/nraJbr:y/gr;
mKwr;pzcr:bqnrb/nrsJgr:b/nrsKwr b/nrpU;lgrxgUnr:jUnrlKcr,
nmr b/nraJbr:b/nry/gr;lUcrnnrx jwr;munrkwrEl; 'wrnv;j/wr:
kKwr:sicr,hlv,kwr lo;aznrgnrdJnr,dUwrdJnr,jfrwoxwv; mKwr:nv;nox mI:
kqnrdv,sv,snv,budrxtjwr;aKwr;noywrx> y/mr:nox dv,edgmrxtQmr
sv,snv, ycr:amr,mI:kunrsicr,hlv,kwr> ebv:dUYr:awrs/oc/ow/nr;
mKcr: anrsJbr,bqnryU,nnrxno bidgdr;tmr:jwr; anraznrgnr
awrsUbr:es kUnrxko;aUmra/nr,mv: b/nrsJbr,b/nrnnrxegv; edamr,
lQbr;bqnr yJnr:y/wr:k/wr:"icrlo;ywrx> nfr:k/wr:y/mr:ncr,no anr
6 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
scr,kjwr;kwr awrjfrsfr,esbKnr;nox bqnrdv,edsJbr,gumr:ticr: ekv;
scr,sznrbudrxtjwr; yv,H;“cr;H;h/onnrxywrx> yznrxnnrEl;
ncr,’iwrbidgdr;tmr:jwr; edsJbr,yJnr:y/wr:k/wr:’icr gfv,lo;mKwr:
nv;nnrx jwr;lUcrkwr jKwr:mucr;hnrk/wr:go jcr,awrd/cr:jzo;tQmr
eg,w/nr;egv.nJcr;es kznr;dumrgnrdI;wdrxaluwih/Rr< ywrx lo;
dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; dcr:adrtgtvkwr lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,
d/cr,bJnr:gmr:aznrd/cr:sudr:mv:ywrx>6
d/cr:hnrtJcr w/o:lcr
gqwr,gbr: anrlo;dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,
w/o:lcr kunrwdrdgvmniapy kJnr:kJnr;bqnrkunrnox mI:wo.d/cr:
hnrtJcrtQcr;s/mranr>
d/cr:hnrtJcr anrlo;hnrnfr:mhv,wmr,s7 nnrx l/dr;woxwv;
w/o:esscr,kjwr;kwr dQgr,bqnrgfv,szcrs/mrjumr:ywrxnnrx ncr,’iwr
scr,kjwr;kwrdcr:sqcr; edkJnr:mQnr;gnr kwr;azgr,gnrmv:noEl;
kunrwdrdgvmni apy jcr,hqdr:bnr wih/RrlUcrwoxlcrnJcr;> 8 gUYr:
gv; hqdr:s/cr;woxdI;lfrno amr,l/dr;woxdI;mnr:> lo;'.wv; scr,kjwr;
jKwr:lUcrxlQnr,tmr:jwr;kwr9 aznrgnrdQmr;lUcr: bidgdr;tmr:
jwr; dcr:adr.tgtv,kwr anrlo;awrsUbr:kUnrxko;mv: b/nrsJbr,
b/nrnnrx dI;no;noywrx>
d/cr:hnrtJcr anrlo;hnr
10
nfr:sdrtmrmscrgh nnrxjmrx Enwoxwv; scr,kjwr;kwr
6
History of Buddhism in Ceylon, pp. 81-82.
7
Mahavamsa, p. 237.
8
Ibid.
9
dI;no; mKnrncr,h/cr;kfr;wv; jwr;apygiRiwih/Rrkwregv; kwr;bv: dQmr;bidgdr;lUcr:
nfr: pJnreb,jzmr: jwr;mhv,wih/Rrkwrywrx>
10
A Manual of Buddhist Historical Traditions (Saddhamma Sangaha),pp.
67-68.
tvkodpmIf \ 7
amr,bv:jwr;apygiRikwr>
8 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
hqdr:s/cr;dI;no;no d/cr:hnrtJcranrnox Enwox lzcr;d/cr:mI:woxyU,
l/ol/obKcrncr,dfr;noxywrx>
1. gunrlcr:gvnox goxgoxlo;k/mr,kunrd/cr,mKcr: jiKwr:amr,jfr;j/wr:
budrxnnrxmv:dJgr:< scrjKwrxwv; bqnrmKwr;kwrebxgfv,no mKwr;nnrx
bqnrdznr;lbr:sicr, dv,sv,snv,mv:EdxEdxywrx> k/wr:sJgr:
k/wr:sKwr k/wr:sugrxyucr;aUnrgwr:nnrx scr,kjwr;kwr edgoxgox
lo;b/o;y/nr wdrxmhv,wih/Rr anrbqnr'cr:hqnr:lUcrdv,sv,s
nv,mv: jqmrmKwr;jwr;mhinr,d Ed,awrsv,snv,kwr;mv:nnrx
ywrx> ebv:bqnrjKcrxnomv: lugr;hqnr:El;kU: edj/cr;lo;p/dr,
gnres g/nrhqnr:egv;ed j/cr;k/dr,gfv,ywrx>
2. g/br;aJbr:g/br;y/gr; anrlo;tUbr: mKwr;bUnrxmv:nnrx hqdr:H;
scr,k jwr;kwrwUnrxhnrmQnr; anredbqnrkqnrjU: Ficr;sJbr,
aUmrsUbr:kUnrxko;nnrxmv:ywrx> lzcr;d/cr:y/br,pJdr, anrkUnrx
ko;aUmra/nr,mv: nfr:k/wr:y/br,yqnr:k/nrjfrnnrx Enlgr:
t/nrmnr:bnrwoxywrx>
3. wnr:nJcr;ywrxwnr:nJcr; gUnr:amr,'wramr,h/cr anramr,emvwox
gv;knrsv,snv,nnrx kwr;mv:nfr:sv,snv,gmr:lzo:lzo:El;
hQcr:jfrdv,edgumr:ticr: bidgdr;tmr:jwr; yv,H;'cr;H;h/onox
edy/br,yqnr: edaUnr;yzmr:mv:ywrx>
4. g/nrdcr;'cr:sznrhqnr:mfr, hcr:apygiRiwih/Rr anry/nr'cr:
sznrhqnr:mhv,wih/Rr gfv,gmr:lzo:lzo:El; anrkunrbnrnv;lI
kwrwoxnnrx bqnrmv:lzcr;d/cr:anrnJcr;ywrx> anrnox hqdr:H;
jwr;mhv,wih/Rrkwr gfv,dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; dI;aluwih/Rr
anry/nrgognr dcr:cwr;jJcr;wqcr:kunrnnrxywrx> lKwresnox
egv.tugr,jzo;tQmrnnrx lIlo;bqnrkunrEl; smrxamr,jfr;kunr
es smrxbqnrwoxeg,w/nr; egv.nJcr;awrywrx> anrnoxbzcr,wv;
tvkodpmIf \ 9
kzdr,yzdr;
lJnr:sudr:mnr: tmr:bidgdr;jwr;nox lo;awrdQmr;lUcr:
nfr:pJnreb,mKwr;lfr< dgv,k/mr,cwr;mnr: bqnrdUwrkunrwdrdgvmni
apy‘iwr amr,nnr eg,w/nr;’iwrno gUnr:w/o:lcrnox pframr,l/dr;
lo;gmr:sJwr;> anrnox bqnryznrxpU;dQmr;bJnr:kwr mKwr;aznraznr egv.
nJcr;dcr:egv.nJcr; aznrgnrdQmr;mv: m/omv:dzcr:mv: bQgr,bQgr,bKcr;bKcr;
ywrx> bbrxbJnr: anrawraicrgnryU,gmr;nmrnox bqnrsmremvhwienv
dnI(wipcrgadrtgtv) anrbqnradrtgtv hcr:wipcrg< nigv
yscrgRh< mhvwmrs< DIbwmrsjKwr:noxywrx> dI;hqdr:mnr:Edx
dJnr:aznrgnrEnxnznr:wv; bqnraluwih/Rrywrx> anrnox w/o:es
scr,gv,ynv,tUnr;s/mr mKwr;b/nrkunraesv:g mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:
nnrx bqnrscr,gv,ynv,tUnr;sI,noegv; j/wr:kKwr:budrxanrbqnr
et,Rwv,D aznrgnrmgr:mnr; '.gnrwoxdcr:nmrywrx> 12
12
2500 Years of Buddhism, pp. 50-51.
dI;nfr:mKcr:ainr:dI;yv:El; jKwr:bqnrj/wr:mhvyvnkwrjmrx awrscr,gv,ynv,
anrhqdr:mKwr;b/nrkunr@gnidrsg#mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:nnrx bqnrscr,gv,ynv, tUnr;
sI,ywrx>
10 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
aicrawrlzcr;mgr:mnr;jKcrxncr,nnres aluwih/Rrnox jJwr;
sqcrlJwr:lcrgJgr:bJnr:woxyU,> y/mr:nox bqnrdI;gUnr:el,wo;Cpv:kwr
gUnr:el,tUcr;tqwr;kwr jqmrnzgr;mKcr:nfr:mKcr: aQwr,Wdr;tJcryU,gU;
wnr:wnr:> dI;no; mI:anrlIkwr;jfraI;scrEl; gUnr;nmrsmrxebv:
lo;aQwr,tJcrgU;wnr:wnr: ncr,dI;jKwr:jJwr;sqcrlJwr:jKwr:nnrx?
yznrxmnr:bqnr dI;anrmI:jJwr;gJgr:bJnr:mv: jqmrmKwr; 2000 bIb/obUnrx
mv:nnrxywrx> bKcrnJcr;egv; dv,edEnlgr:t/nrlo;wv; mnr:bqnr
dI;anrmI:jJwr; gJgr:bJnr:mv:edxaKwr;nonnrx b/nry/mr:noxegv; lo;
hnrkUwr:gwr,kUwr:mznr Wo:dinrWo:mJwr:anr hqdr:woxmKwr;b/nrnnrxyU,
ywrx>
mKwr;Ed,Ed,mnr: dI;anrjwr;mhv,wih/RrkwryU,swr:es
dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,nnrxwv; mI:woxcKbr,hinr
jqdr:cKbr,noesdv. y/mr:nox gJdr:woxs/mrcKbr,hinrgUYr:ywrx> cKbr,hinr
anrnJcr;nnrx mI:d/cr:y/wr: 25 tdr: d/cr:sucr 10 tdr:es
bqnrdI;jwr;kwrjumr:nJcr; dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,
mv:noywrx> dI;p/o,nKwrd/cr:kwr;nnrx dQmr;woxligr;sicr,hlv, lmr
pUdrxpUdrxwv; bidgdr;tmr:jwr; lo;k/mr,dQmr;lUcr: nfr:pJnreb, dI;
nfr:cKbr,hinrnox mKwr;b/nrkunrwdrdgvmni apy (wlgmrb)nnrx
noywrx> nfr:cKbr,hinrnox mI:woxCpv;ncr; Cpv:jugr: Cpv:nznr:jKwr:
noxes mI:h/cr;j/dr;gbr:woxjKwr:pvbv:ywrx> dI;bJnrxnKwrmnr:nnrx
mI:h/cr;mzgr,mUwr anryzmrxdv:mv: jqmrmKwr;b/nrkQnr,DI,nnrxywrx> dI;
cKbr,hinrtQcr;szcrcKbr,nnrxegv; mI:woxWo:mJw:r gwr,mznrjKwr:nnrxwoxes
bqnrdI;jwr;kwryU,swr: dQmr;bidgdr;tmr:jwr; lUcr:nfr:pJnreb,
mv:yU,ncr,gwr,ywrx> cKbr,hinrjKwr:nox bqnranrEnlgr:t/nr gqwr,
gbr:lUYr; lzcr;dUcrxnJcrjwr;kwrmv: mKwr;b/nr 2000 bIbUnrxmv:nnrx
ywrx>
tvkodpmIf \ 11
pJnraicr
12 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
1. Geiger, Wilhelm, Ph.D., Mahavamsa, Buddhist Cultural
Centre, Sri Lanka, 2003.
2. Law, Bimala Churn, A Manual of Buddhist Historical
Traditions (Saddhamma Sangaha), Asian Educational
Services, New Delhi, 1999.
3. E.W. Adikaram, Early History of Buddhism in Ceylon,
The Buddhist Cultural Centre, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka,
1994.
4. Rahula, Walpola, History of Buddhism in Ceylon, The
Buddhist Cultural Centre, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka, 1993.
5. 2500 Years of Buddhism, The Publications Division,
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government
of India, 1956.
wnr:wisv,k lKnr”gr:mUnr:
wnr:anrj/wr:budr. gU;mKcr:mKcr: Wmr:mJwr:gnr
jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr:
gf/mr:nmr:
gU;sv,snv, mI:wo.wnr:anrkuigr.dznr:tiI.sudrO hcr:pThcr:
mnr:> mUinrncr,wnr:gUidr,jwr;ey,su (Jesus gLI:s/srxsr) no. bqnrwnr:
kuigr.dznr:tI.sudrO nT:sv,snv,kRidr.> kwraznrgnrhigr;wv; ^wnr:k
Ridrxsm/drx&noes smr.dUgr:mQnr;lKnrdI,sQmr,bKwr, wnr:tI. 25 gU;bI>
nT:sv,snv,hinr,dU,kwregv; @wnr:dI,bv,wlI,# anrmQnr;mzgr;
lKnrnUwr,wQmr,bKwr,nnr. bqnrwnr:yT,tI.sudr:ywr.> nT:sv,snv,mU,s
limr,smr. @@wnr:gKdr,mUwr,hv,mQdr.##nnr. bqnrwnr:yicr.yT,tI.sudr:
dv, kwrncr,gwr,> nT:sv,snv,gLiwr: (Judaism) kwrjJcr wnr:bImT, anr
jJwr;wv; @@wnr:ycr,kIxbU: ##nnrx bqnrwnr:kwrdcr:mUdr: dzmrjTgnr ywr.>
bunr;dv,pU;nbr.tJwr sv,snv,budr.tlU: wnr:lTsmr. bqnr
wnr:anryicrxyT,lKwrbKnr;mUdr:lv,? bqnr @@wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:##
ywr.>
wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:
ekv;anrwv;wisv,kno. bqnrpv,sv,bv,lies bzcr,wv; lKnr'gr:
noywr.> nT:pv,sv,snr:sgRidrx(sgrxgd)Ed. kwrWcr.wv; ewsv,kno
es acr:girdr:kwrsmr. mv:Wcr.awrwv; ews/gr.noywr.> wnr:wisv,k lKnr
'gr:mUnr:no. yznr.scr mnr:bqnrwnr:anryicr.yT, dv,j/wr:budr.hwr:
nolv,? wnr:wisv,k lKnr”gr:mUnr:no. bqnrwnr:anrjwr;j/o: jwr;sI,
t/dr;gKdr,hnrnv; dI;nT:sUnrmzgr, lumr,pinI,nnr.ywr.> lKwres
14 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
nnr. wnr:wisv,klKnr'gr:mUnr:no. ycr:bqnrwnr: anrjwr;egv:dm
ddr:”.bzcr,bJcr; sjr.jv,sI,yKcr;es bqnrbudr.t gv;dI;dT;dUnr;pUwr:
(moxYzcr,) dI;budr.tgyv,nnr.gznr,> mKwr;wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:no.
ncr,gwr, budr.tZwr; awrknr,tbRinibrxb/nr,gfv,> bKwr;noEl; wnr:
anrhwr:lIdzcr:gJmr: lIwo.bqnrdI;yicr.yT,lKwrno. nT:sv,snv,budr.t
Ed. amr,mI:ywr.>
ebv:tJcrwnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:mv:jJcr nT:lUgr;no. gU;mKcr:
mKcr: ZqmrmKcr:Z/wr:budr.< mKcr:mhv,yv,n El; et,Rwv,d aznrgnrh/cr;
hQnr: b/crslzcr(b/crbzo:)wisv,kes bU,jv,mU:jv:budrxtZwr;> edv;j/wr:
budr. jKwr:anrmI:dI;mKcr:wnr:dUgr:kwregv; aznrgnrslzcr(hqdr:bzo:)
wnr:wisv,k lKnr:'gr:mUnr:gnrgfv,gU;dI;>
pKwr,tJcrmv:bI 1999< lKnrdI,sQmr,bKwr,nnr. b/crgumrlUcr U.N
lo;mgr:mnr; wnr:wisv,klKnr'gr:mUnr: H;bqnrwnr:yicr.yT,lUcr nT:
lUgr; wnr:nJcr;ywr.> ekv;dQbr:ddr: U.N no. mnr:bqnrg/nrkJbr;nv;
dv,sv,snv,budr.ted.ed.> w/o:esnnr. dI; U.N ycr:lo;pidr;
wzgr, pU;nmr:Z/wr:budr.gU;mKcr:mKcr:es slzcrwnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:
dI;wqcr:nyU:yzgr. (New York) yU,ywr.>
mKwr;bI 2004 nnr. p/o,mhv,yv,nEl; etRwv,d mv:'br.gnr
dI;mKcr:to:es aubr,aUwr:pJgr:svgnrwv; edhqdr:’iwres 'mr;gnrslzcr
wnr:wisv,klKnr'gr:mUnr: dI;nT:gunrea:sLv:noyU,> kwrZwr;lo;pzmr.
sqcr dUgr:lUcr:jTgnrwv; edslzcrwnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:gfv, dI;
mKcr:to:gU;bInoywr.> yznr.nnrEl; mKwr;wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr: nT:
bI 2005 no. Z/wr:budr. Zqmrmhv,yv,nEl; etRwv,d anrlugr.dI;sI,
sibr:mKcr:nnr. aznrgnrmv:slzcr wnr:wisv,klKnr'gr:mUnr: dI;mKcr:
gzgr,> lUcrbzcrjJcr;mKcr:to: bqnrpU;gmr.tQmrcJnr:dzcr:> dcr:mUdr:lo;ZT.
Z/o,gfv, bQdr,sibr:sI,l/nr.w/dr, (szcrl/nr.edv,lv,) noywr.>
dUwrpU;dQmr;ligr;egv; lo;hbr.nimnrdn mKwr:Zzo;g/nrdI;mKcr:
gzgr,> lo;mKwr:Zzo;h/cr;hQnr:tQmrg/nr gv;dI;Znr.Zzmrscr,k mhv,ZU:lv:
lUcr:gznr: (Mahachulalongkorn University) mzgr;szcrwUcr;> lo;Zzo;
oef:odOj,c vldefNuf:rlef: \ 15
binr,pv,sv,< Zzo;hqdr:m/okbr:b/cr< Zzo;tdr:ligr;< Zzo;didr:edv,mKcr:
nzgr;> mKwr;wnr:ti. 20. 5. 2005 nnr.Ed. lo;d/crdUwrscr,kes azgr,
k/wr,nT:tI:wI:sI (TV) kzcr.sibr:aqdr: anrbqnrp/o,acr:girdr:> mKwr;wnr:
tI. 21.5.2005 smr.lo;dqdr;tmr: dI;sn/mrlUcr nv;wdr.pgQwr; azgr,
nT:azmrlUmr: bqnrpv,sv,acr:girdr:tQcr;>
dcr;Ed,awrno.gfv, pU;dQmr;ligr;lo;bqnrgmr,mg/nr (pU;kwr;
kzmr,mdI,) dv,h/cr;hQnr:b/crslzcr wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr: gU;mKcr:mKcr:
dI;wqcr:mKcr:gzgr,wo.El; edlo;kdr:ZT mKwr:Zzo;g/nryU,gU;bI> nmr.dznr:
mnr: dv,bIno.Ed. scr,kZwr; ZKwr:dUnryT,dUnrlUcr dI;mKcr:to: lo;'.
Zgr:pU;dQmr;ligr;es lo;'.gfv, lzcr;scr,kdo:hwr:Zzmr:nnr.ywr.> dI;
Znr.Zzmrmhv,ZU:lv:egv; '.lzcr;wv;do:no. bqnrZKwr.Z/dr;hcr:ekvno
es nbr.ymrhwr:mv:ywr.> scr,kdo: anrdJgr.hqnr:yU, dI;mhv,ZU:lv:
jKwr:nnr.egv; p/o,jnr.Zzmrkwr mgr:mnr;wv; bqnrlugr;hqnr:scr,kdo:
noywr.> mKwr;gU;bzgr;Ed. bI;nzcr.to: dI;mKcr:gzgr,kwrgmr;nmr amr,'.jgr:
do:< kwrt/cr,wv;hwr: bqnrm/nr;noywr.>
dI;nT:b/crslzcrwisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:bIno. mI:pU;nmr:scr,k
mKcr:Ek,< mKcr:mUcr,gUwr:lI:yKwr:< mKcr:kmqnr< mKcr:l/wr:< mKcr:sI,'wr,< mKcr:to,
wnr,El; mKcr:m/nr; mv:kJnr;Wdr;nmrwo.> Zwr;kU:wv:lUcrZzmr anrbqnr
pU;nmr:scr,kdo:lJwr. dI;mKcr:sibr:szcr:bnr:nv:egv; eyv:kicr:mv:> nT:
mKcr:m/nr;Ed. mI:gQmr'wrbwr; scr,knv,ygjJcr;mKcr: nmr:nv;esmv:>
Zwr;Csv,sI,dgU,< Zwr;sI,lgr.knr,t (bidgdr.s/mrgzcr)< Zwr;Csv,
bnr,didv,piwmr,s anrbqnratibdi Znr.Zzmrscr,kdv;gucr;< dzgr.
dKwr,mLVwr:mLinr. pU;gumr:g/nrsv,snv,(dv;gucr;)< dzgr.dKwr,kinr,mzcr,
Yunr. Znr.Zzmret,Rwv,d(dv;gucr;)El; dzgr.dKwr,ZUwr:yinr, anr
bqnratibdi gv;dI;ZnrxZzmrdv;gucr;jKwr:no.egv; mv:kJnr;Zzmr:>
gmr;pzcr;bo,wo.ngr:Ed.Ed.
bigr.smr. mKcr:Z/wr:budr.gU;mKcr:El; Zumr:Z/wr:budr.gU;dI; wo.
ngr:nv wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:esdv. nT:mKcr:m/nr;Ed. bo,ebv:wo.
16 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
yT,gnrgv;’iwr> yznr.wv; dI;awrZTbgr: (focus) bo,hQcr:bqcr:ebv:nnr.
ywr.> mKwr;Zwr;Csv,lUcrkwrZwr; edmv:dI;gucr:tqbr;bIno.nnr. mI:dgv,
gUnr:lUcregv.nJcr;wv; ^bqnrb/crsznr:nmr. mo.ebv:tiaznr,gUYr: Zwr;kwr
eb.wo.gv;knryT,hqdr:scres gfv,bqnrd/nr,no/.&noywr.> dI;nT:mKcr:
'mr;dumrmKcr:m/nr;no. dJgr.awranr'dr:nmr.dUnr;ebv:tinnr. bqnr
dI;awrjTbgr:mnr:wo.gUYr:El; wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:no. pTbo,ebv:
hnryT,> lo;cinr:wv; edv; BBC p/o,m/nr;kwregv; ycr:amr,bzcr,ZTwv;
wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr: anr U.N El; kunrto:kwrnmr:nv;es s
lzcrdI;mKcr:gzgr,nnr. mnr:mI:pznr:lI dv,Z/wr:budr.dcr:l/ogv;’iwrno
gznr,>
dI;Ed.mnr: budr.tZwr; bqnrpU;yicr.yT,mQdr;dznr:esbKnr;
El; wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:no.egv; bqnrwnr:anryicr.yT,lKwrbKnr;
(the most important day) bunr;dv,Z/wr:budr.dcr:l/oywr.> yznr.
nnr scr,kdo:dcr:l/o lIlo;Em:binr,bQcrg/nrhqnr:hwr: ncr,’iwrZ/wr:
budr.do:dcr:l/o ebv:edwo.wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:no. ngr:ngr:nv
nvyU,ywr.>
ncr,’iwrZ/wr:budr.do: ed”.lzcr;wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:
nmrnnr. Zwr;scr,kdo: edlo;dumrgnres slzcrwnr:tzdr;mQdr;
lUcrno.Zzmr:gnr< edlo;scr,sznrbnr dI;dgv,kwrwv; wnr:wisv,k
lKnr'gr:mUnr:no. bqnrlznr.gQnr p/crh/cr;Z/wr:budrxhwr:< edlo;ehv:
Cdv:El; dQmr;ligr;tmr:azgr, H;bqnrdI;yugr.yzcr; wnr:wisvk lKnr'gr:
mUnr:gnrywr.> ebv:hqdr:nnrjJcr Z/wr:kKwr:do:hwr:egv; edZmrZ/wr:
budr. nT:lUgr;mv:digr:digr:yU,amr,h/cr.>
clef.pefckdef: ykdef:wh:sw,eyf.brf
ykwf.xOj,Oej,
Rediscovery of Tai Buddhism
qof;xrfrOjrd aejcrf:vj.
gf/mr:nmr:
mUinrncr,”.tuicrgnrnnrx do:nfr:lUgr;lumr;Fv. amr,nnr
do:jUiwr:anr yU,s/cr;swr:tcr gU;dI;gU;lQnr “wrb/gr,lfr gwr;sibr:
hv;nnrx awrgf/mr:tmr:budrxtjwr; kwr;bqnrdI;buicr;aicrywrx>
lo;”.wv; nfr:j/wr:budrxnnrx mI:woxgn(gKcr:)szcranrnoywrx>
szcranrnnrx bqnrgnet,Rwv,dEl; mhv,yv,nywrx> nfr:szcrg
nnox do:nbrxymrgnlfr? Ed,nbrxymr mUiwr;lfrmv:? bo/:wUnrxanrwv;
m/nr;awrgf/mr:tmr:budrxtjwr; mv:pUiYrEp;bnrdo:nnrxlU: jzcr,
jfr;Edxhuiwr? Ed,gfv,jUiwr:nox gv;ncr,dUlqbr;hqnr: yuinr:muiwr:tuicrlo;
nnrx edsbr:lQcr:Engfv, jzmr:ncr,lgr:t/nrbuinr: (historical
records)El; lgr:t/nrbo/:mznr:egv,s/cr; kUwr:gwr,mznr (Archaeo-
logical remains) bqnrbzdr:lfrdznr;nnrxywrx>
16
Sai Kham Mong: Buddhism & the Shans, No. 7. pp.32-6.Perter Harvey:
An introduction to Buddhism, p. 144.
17
George Scott. Sir J.: Buddhism in the Shan States (The Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society of great Britain & Ireland for 1911), pp. 917-923.
18
George Acott, J. (Compiled): Gazetteer of Upper Burma & the Shan
Sates, p. 196. kUiwr:sQnr< buinrxkUiwr:do:El; buinr:mUicr:do:< nv;-141-3>
ykdef:wh:sw,eyf.brf ykwf.xOj,Oej, \ 27
24
Boger Bischoff. Buddhism in Myanmar: A Short History. p. 42.
vgef.uSefeif;Twj:
jwr;kU:milinrd sqwr;kmr:
gf/mr:nmr:
g/br;w/nr;b/nrmKcr:mKwr;lqwrno. eRv:gv,d/cr:bqnrl/gr,l/gr,
lo/:lo/:egv;nmr< spv,wd/cr:bqnr anramr,y/mr;hnr y/mr;cinr:
egv;lo;hnrlo;cinr:< nmr.linrhinrpv Fv.pUnrEl; lUmr:egv;
lQgr;lo/;mv: gU;bIgU;lKnrgU;wnr:es hqdr:H;gUnr:hwr:amr,mI: dI;
bJcr;aicr mnr;gQnr,jrflo;> yznr.lzcr;jKwr:no.es ncr,hJwrgUnr:hwr:
ebv:edmI:d/cr:mnr;jrfnnr. lIjzmr:ncr, Cpv:bqnrjwr;hwr:ehv:wo.
lzcr;dzcr:mo/awrCdv:nnr.gUYr:ywr.> gzbr;bKwr;nnrEl; nT:ligr;
Wmrdzmraznr,no. ededv.do,ko;En l/o:ncr;Cdv:< pznr:lIlzcr;
lo;ncr;Cdv:< dI;anrtugr,lIyqmr; nT:dUwrgUnr:hwr:El; d/cr:”.
d/cr:hnr l/ojKwr.l/obKcrjKwr:nnr.yU,>
lKgr;hvdI;ncr;Cdv:
g/nrpv,wnv,no. l/o:hqdr:mnr:mI:sI,bKcr mKnrncr,wv; ncr;<
bo< jugr:< nznr:nonnr.ywr.> mKwr;hwr:edncr; pv,wnv,nnr.
edlo;hvdI;s/cr,tugr, anryqnr”yqnrjrf< dI;amr,mI:prfmv:yv.mv:
gwr:< dI;anrhwr:edlo; jrfnimrsmv,tinnr.ywr.> Cpv:bqnrjwr;
ehv:wo. dI;lIncr;Cdv:Ed. bqnrnrf:tKnr,< drf;dUnr;mo. amr,nnr
dI;anrbwr, dI;amr,mI:scrnoyU,> edlo;wv; dI;s/cr,tugr,no
nnr.ncr,gwr,ywr.> ncr;bnrnJcr;wnr:szcrbzgr; g/crnrfbzgr;nJcr;<
g/crkmr; mKwr;ednznr:nnr.bzgr;nJcr;dv.> bzgr;lTbzgr;nnr. kdr:
jrfH;ncr;lo; mzgr;kJcr;jUwr;mzcr:dv.> scrwv; amr,bqnrlo;gU;wnr:egv;
vgef.uSefeif;Twj: \ 31
gf/mr:nmr:
mKwr;hwr:lo;lU lKcr;esanranr gqwr,gbr:lUYr; lzcr;bJnr:
jKcr.ncr,nono. mnr:j/cr;emvbUgr:dJnr,bnr H;hwr:”.dUwrkJnr:
El; emvdUYr:kJnr: bJnr:lcrj/wr:kKwr:jwr;gwr,ywr.> bJnr:mnr;
gQnr, nQnr;nvlUcranrnJcr; mKnrjKcr.ncr,sv,snv,budr.t nfr:
mKcr:sI,”wr,no.egv; bqnrlgr:t/nrlUcr anrEnwv; j/wr:kKwr:sicr,h
lv,kwrno. y/mr;mI:jwr;mI:kunr< Ficr;Ec;ligr;lo/:< pv,sv, El; sv,
snv,mv: hcr:gUYr:ekvekv jqmrmKwr;mJnr.sJnr:gznr, bUnr.mv:nnr.yU,
noywr.> bJnr:sv,snv,budr.tsI,”wr,no. mnr:bqnranrlmr,lzcr;
kJgr.dznr: bunr;dv,jKwr.kKwr:w/nr;mKcr: gUnr:sI,”wr,kwrgv;’iwrnojJcr
ebv:mv:tdr:s/crdUYr: bJnr:cwr;mnr: anrsJbr,gnrmv: edv,tJcr
y/mr:lqwrno.egv; edlo;”.hnrjQcr;lQcr:lIyU,>
bJnr:sv,snv,budr.tsI,”wr,no. bKcrdQgr;mnr: mKnrjKcr.
ncr,lKnrnnr.ywr.> m/crbzgr;egv; kJnr;yfr,mfr,sucr mKnrncr,lKnrmfr,
sfrjJnr; kJnr;lo;sibr:hv;mUnr:nnr.es m/crbzgr;m/crlfrsmr. mKnr
ncr,lKnrlzcr; j/cr;mI:lzcr;kzcr;kmr jmrtJcrlKnrlbr: amr,jbr:
Wo:gwr, m/crp/wr,m/crbzgr; tJcrdI;ebv:lo;hQcr:aUnr;gfv, lo/lo/sibr:bI
egv; mI:mv:ywr.> anrno. mnr:aicrnKwrkunrmKcr:< cwr:lo/:g/nrw/nr;
ykdef:uSyf; Oj,Oej,ykwf.x rldif:OD,Nof, \ 37
sv,snv,budr.t pQwrmv:mKcr:sI,”wr,
ebv:awrjzmr:bJnr:wv; sv,snv,budr.tjwr; pQwrmv:nfr:mKcr:
sI,”wr, mKwr;bIsv,snv, 236 nI;< 250 BC< wnr:lKnrjqdr:mUnr:
nnr.ywr.> pU;anrmv:bJnrEp; sv,snv,budr.tjwr; gmr:aznr
d/cr:sudr:bKnr; bqnrjwr;mhinr,D El; aigr,bv:lugr;sidr;mnr:
jwr;dcr:lo/ywr.< mQnr;mKwr; b/nrkunrehvkmr:eDwvnmrbiydisrs
dJgr.pzcr:cmr:wo.nnr.ywr.> wo/:es kunrehvkmr: ”br.tUbr:wo;sv jwr;
mhinr,Des lo;tzmr,cinr:tmr: sudr;jUlhdrtibedvbm dmr;dI;
mnr:jwr; dI;lzomhinr,del. anrmI:po/,azgr, wqcr:anuRv,tbuR
y/nrwqcr:bQdr,lgr:nnr.ywr. kunrehvkmr: aigr,bv:kv;w/nr;gUnr:
mKcr: mzgr;sI,mJnr, lo;bqnrmv:j/wr:kKwr: anryumr,ymrsv,snv,budr.
tyU,ywr.>
wo/:esnnr. kunrehvkmr:eDwvnmrbiydisrs pidr;b/cr:
awrjwr;mhinr,D El; lugr;sidr;mnr:jwr;jKwr:nnr. mv:yU,swr:
dI;nfr:sUnrsKwr:ehvkmr:em,kwnes gmr.tQmrbjr.ej:sI,bKcramr,
gv: lumr:lv:dUYr:tJcr gU;wnr:wnr:noywr.> tmr:anrmnr:jwr;
ehv:nnr. bqnrebdwdrtu< wimvnwdrtu< sjrjvsmryudrd< eD
wDUdsudrd< bvlbnrdidsudrd Ed,gfv,jKwr:no.ywr.> jwr;
mhinr,D El; lugr;sidr;mnr:jwr; yU,swr:dI;sUnrsKwr:ehvkmr:
nnr. 26 wnr:es bzgr;mKwr:awrwv,kJnr: dI;lzomhinr,del.nnr;
ywr.>
38 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
jwr;n/cr:scrkmidrdv El; n/cr:yicr:sI,”wr,
wo/:eslo;tzmr,cinr:tmr: gU;wnr:wnr:ncr,nnrywr. n/cr:
ehvkmr:anuRvaznr”wres n/cr:yicr:mKcr:sI,”wr,dcr:nmregv; mI:
jfrkfr;kwr;hqdr:Rh/nr:n/cr:yicr: nfr:sv,snv,budr.tnoEl; ncr,
‘iwrn/cr:yicr:kwr ebv:edbqnrRh/nr:n/cr:yicr: nfr:sv,snv,lo;
nnr. kunrehvkmr: jcr,sUcr,l/nrj/o:mnr: anrjJwr;wv; jo/:a
Ridrtnnr. H:gfv,d/cr,lwr; l/dr;Enlzcr;d/cr: dmr;dI;kunrehv
kmr:aesv:g mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:nnr.yU,ywr.> gqwr,lUYr;lzcr;no.
es kunrehvkmr:aesv:g jcr,lo;sUcr,lugr;yicr:mnr: anrjJwr;wv;
jwr;n/cr:scr,kmidr.dv, egv.bqnrRhnr:dv,n/cr:yicr:nnr. mv:
dI;mKcr:sI,”wr,yU,ywr.>
mKwr;jo/:aRidrt pQwrmv:kJnr:mKcr:sI,”wr,ywr.nnr. mnr:
jcr,yznr:anuY/dr; dmr;dI;kunrehvkmr:es bv:dcr:pU;jo/:hv;
b/gr, kwr;hqdr:Rhnr: nfr:sv,snv,yU,ywr.> nfr:n/cr:yicr:kwregv;
n/cr:ehvkmr:anuRvaznr”wres kwr;hqdr:Rh/nr:n/cr:yicr: nfr:sv,
snv,budr.tjwr;dcr:nmr> Ed,awrnnr.mv: nfr:sv,snv,budr.
t mKcr:sI,”wr,no.egv; lo;mI:mv: pigr.kuEl;pigr.kunI,yU,ywr.> k/wr:
y/mr: anrjwr;mhinr,D El; jwr;n/cr:scr,kmidr.dv,kwr lo;mv:
bJnrEp;sv,snv,budr.tjwr; nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,no. mIr:mzgr;sI,sibr:
bQdr,bInoywr.> jwr;mhinr,Dno. lo;kwr;j/mr, sUnrm/gr,h/gr;kmr:gfv,
mKwr;av,yumnr:jwr;lo; 80 bInnr.es jwr;n/cr:scr,kmidr.dv,
smr. mKwr;av,yumnr:lo; 79 bInnr.yU,ywr.>
lzcr;sv,snv,budr.t”iwr;”icr: nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,
kunrehvkmr:edwvnmrbiydisrsno. lo;ncr;h/cr;ehv aubr.
mKcr:sI,”wr, sI,sibr:bInoywr.< sv,snv,budr.tjwr; lo;pQwrmv:nfr:
mKcr:sI,”wr,no.egv; mQnr;mKwr;b/nrmnr:jwr;nnr.ywr.> Ed,awr
nnr.mv: mnr:jwr;egv; egv,s/cr;lumr:lv: wdr.wv:< svlv:< gzcr:mU:<
ykdef:uSyf; Oj,Oej,ykwf.x rldif:OD,Nof, \ 39
b/nrkunrwdrdgvmni apy
wo/:es kunrdudrtgvmni nznr:ep:gfv,ywr. nzcr.jo/:bo/
mnr:jwr; kunrsdrtvdisrs kJnr;mv:bqnrkunr mKwr;bIsv,snv, 398
nnr.es aubr.w/nr;ginrmKcr:gfv, lo;bQdr,bI> wo/:esnnr. lugr;jo/:
mnr:jwr; wdrdgvmniapy sJbr,kJnr;ginrmKcr: mKwr;bIsv,snv,
445 nnr.ywr.> mnr:jwr;kJnr;bqnrkunr dnr:lo;mzgr;hv;lKnrgUYr:
bunr,nv: anrjJwr;wv;disrs anryU,d/cr:mKcr:sI,”wr,bzdr:j/nr:
nnr. mv:dJgr:edv:mnr:jwr;> mKwr;y/mr:nnr.ncr,gwr, sJgr:d
mI:lrkwrsmr. mv:dJgr:mnr:jwr;tQcr;El; gmr:lJnr:mv: mnr:jwr;
40 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
g/nr.sJgr:es lo;bo/;azgr,h/cr;ehvmnr:jwr; gfv,sKcr,nv;sKcr,dv
bQdr; dI;bzdr:dznr;wndisrs k/wr:d/cr:sibr:sI,bInoywr.>
k/wr:y/mr:sibr:sI,bI pzcr:dmI:lrkwr pzcr:cmr:nnr. lo;wv;
bqnrk/wr:y/mr: anrsv,snv,budr.tjwr; yUbr;yzmr:gfv,ed.ed.
ywr.> bo/slKwr w/nr;mKcr:amr,gdr:yqnr g/br;aJbr:g/br;y/gr;smr.
dUgr:tJcrmv:nfr:mKcr:tQcr;El; gUnr:mKcr: El; jwr;Rh/nr:scr,kv,kwr
lo;aJbr:esdo/gfv, ebv:a/nr,”wrhqcrmnr:> wdr.wv:< svlv:< gzcr:mU:
jKwr:no. lo;tugr,yv.lQwrbQdr;dcr:nmr> anrh/cr;ho/.lKwrnnr.
bqnrlzcr;wdr.wv:< gzcr:mU: jKwr:anrmI:jJwr;mI:sqcrgmr;pzcr; lo;wzdr;
wo/:ho/gfv, yznr.amr,mI: pU;lUlzmrlumr:lv:nnr.ywr.> jwr;Rh/nr:
m/crjKwr: aznrgnrbo/;kwr;tKnr,es lo;lznr,gfv, yznr.amr,mI:d/cr:
ginrd/cr:yQmr.jKwr:nnr.egv; mI:nmred.ed.< gmr;pzcr; bo/;gfv,yU,
nT:mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:jKwr:no.ywr.>
gzbr;bKwr;wv; jwr;Rh/nr:jKwr:anrmI:bYr,Yv,kwr lo;lznr,
gfv,dcr:nmrEl; tmr:bidgdr;m/crbzdr:m/crdznr; anrlo;ho/lU.bv:
gfv, jzmr:kwrjwr;egv; mI:dcr:nmr> bKcrdQgr;mnr: mKnrjKcr.ncr, mhv,
nidr.ed,s anrmI:nfr:sudr;dbidgdr;jKwr:no.ywr.> mKwr;b/nr
nnr. bidgdr;tmr:jwr; ycr:bo,lo;dQmr;wo. nfr:pJnrnfr:bbr. mKnr
ncr,y/mr:lqwrno.gznr,< gUYr:lo;aznrgnra/nr,aUmrsUbr: hcr:pfr
hcr:mnr:mv: b/nrsJbr,b/nrjKcr.nnrgUYr:> mKwr;y/mr:nnr. jwr;
Rh/nr: dUnranraUmrsUbr:lo;mUdr:egv; lo;”.wv; amr,ebv:mI:nmr
noywr.> mnr:jwr;egv; ncr,’iwredamr,lJmr:bQdr;nnr. k/mr,ginr
m/gr,mo.m/gr,dzgr, yzdr;mo.yzdr;dzgr, “wrkv,”wrmnr:jKwr:no.es sJbr,
so/jfr dv,aUmra/nr,bidgdr;tmr:jwr;mv:noywr.> pzcr:mKwr;mI:hQcr:
nnr. mnr:jwr;ncr;es kUnr.ko;< pzcr:mKwr;amr,mI:hQcr:nnr. smr.
nznr:es kUnr.ko;noywr.> ncr,‘iwrbidgdr;tmr:jwr; edamr,”cr;
amr,ho/gfv,nnr. mnr:jwr;hgr.svbfr.bv: h/nr.edv,lzcr;dugr.kk/nr
jfrjKwr:nnr. ebv:bUnr.gfv,noywr.>
ykdef:uSyf; Oj,Oej,ykwf.x rldif:OD,Nof, \ 41
kqwr;gQwr;Cpv: pQwrmv:mKcr:sI,”wr,
anrgqwr,lUYr;sv,snv,budr.t mKcr:sI,”wr,es lo;hnr
t/cr,jQcr;lQcr:lI tQcr;anrnJcr;Ed. bqnrlzcr;b/cr:kqwr;gQwr;budr.t
jwr; Wdr;pQwrmv: nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,nnr.ywr.> kqwr;gQwr;budr.tjwr;
no. lo;b/cr:awrmv: dI;mKcr:ainr:dI:yv: mKwr;b/nrkunrehvkmr:sIRiem
kwn1 mKwr;bIsv,snv, 805 nnr.yU,ywr.> edv,tJcry/mr:no.egv;
gUnr:mKcr:sI,”wr,kwr nbr.tJwryumr,ymr kqwr;gQwr;budr.tjwr; ebv:mKnr
ncr,Rdnv, anramr,dQbr:ddr:mgr:mnr; gv;knrmnr:lo;nnr.
ywr.> y/mr:lqwr kqwr;gQwr;budr.tjwr;nnr. awrgJwr:lI(tv,bnv,)
wo. nfr:aubr:kmr: dI;wdr.kqwr;gQwr; nfr:wqcr:gnr,dI,nnr.yU,ywr.>
1
wmr,sdI,bnI,Ed.wv; b/nrkunrgidrdisIRiemgnoes mQnr;mKwr;bIsv,snv, 835
noywr.>
42 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
mhvwmrswv;jJcr jwr;BuDrtekvsno. mKwr;mnr:jwr;lqgr. bqnrj/wr:
bU,p/mr:(bunr,nv:)< gKdr,dI;budrttgyv nfr:mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:no
ywr.> gbr:g/o,lUYr;p/o,ew,D (eb,d/cr,gv,lv:)egv; mnr:jwr;lUcr.
lQnr,ed.ed.noywr.> wo/:esmnr:jwr; lo;”br.tUbr: jwr;eRwd
mhvetRywr. mnr:jwr;lo;jfr d/cr:hnrtJcr nKwrb/o:wUnr.budr.t
jwr;ed.ed.es kwr;hqdr:Rh/nr: yznr:bqnrlugr;sidr; jwr;eRw
dmhvetRyU,ywr.> sJbr,nnr.mv: mnr:jwr;lo;mv:hqnr:awr d/cr:
“.d/cr:hnr anrgqwr,lUYr;ekv;scr,sznrbudr.tjwr; dmr;dI;
jwr;eRwdmhvetRyU,ywr.> wo/:esnnr. jwr;eRwdmhvetR
bnrd/cr:hnrtJcr H;mnr:jwr; gfv,bJnrEp;sv,snv, nfr:mKcr:sI,
“wr,no.yU,ywr.>
jzmr:ncr,kU:mnr:jwr; bnrd/cr:hnrtJcrnnr. mnr:jwr;
egv; kdr:jfrWdr;pQwr mKcr:sI,”wr,es yU,swr:dI;mhvbdrtvngR
gGcr:mhvwihvRnnr.ywr.> bbr.ligr; anrmnr:jwr;dQmr;azgr,es
jJwr;sqcryfr,lJwr:lcr< gUnr:”.nmr< smr.ebv:jzdr,dUwr;gfv, gU;dI;gU;
lQnrjKwr:nnr. bqnrwisuDrtimgrg< winyadrtgtv< apitmrm
adrtgtv< DIknigvyadrtgtv< mjrjimnigvyadrtgtv<
smryudrdnigvyadrtgtv El; acrgudrdRnigvyadrt
gtvjKwr:no.ywr.> lKwresnnr. mI:tQcr;dcr:nmrgznr,>
b/nrkunrsIRiwijy Rvjsicrhv
kunrsIRiwijy Rvjsicrhv kJnr;mv:bqnrkunr mKwr;bI 1747 AD
nnr.es bqnrkunr bv:anremvnbr.ymrsv,snv,budr.tjwr;ed.
ed.> gUYr:gv; mKwr;nnr. sv,snv,budr.tjwr; nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,no.
bqnranryUbr;yzmr:wo.ed.ed.> jwr;Rh/nr:kwr amr,gJdr:esjwr;
esdUnr< gUYr:gJdr:jwr;s/cr,gUYr:> jwr;s/cr,dUnrnJcr; jJwr;wv;
binrdbvdig sIRisRncrgvRno. mI:d/cr:”.yfr, lUcr.lQnr,lUYr;
ekv;scr,sznrbudr.tjwr;El; tJcrdI;kunrmKcr:kwr ebv:lo;nbr.ymr
bJcr;aicrmnr:jwr;ed.ed.wv;wv;ywr.>
gzbr;bKwr; kunrsIRiwijy Rvjsicrhv kfr;H;sv,snv,budr.t
jwr; kJnr:”iwr;”icr: nfr:mKcr:nv,El; mnr:jwr;jcr,sUcr,pU;dQnr:
szcregv. gfv,mKcr:to:es H;b/cr:awrjwr;Rh/nr:mv:noywr.> gzbr;bKwr;
nnrEl; jwr;aubvli El; jwr;aRiymuni jcr,aznr“wrjwr;R
h/nr:jumr:nJcr;es lugr.dI;mKcr:to: pQwrWdr;mKcr:sI,”wr,> kwrjwr;
44 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
jcr,mv:awrjwr;s/cr,binrdbvdig sIRisRncrgvRnnr. k/mr,bqnr
j/cr:yU,ywr.>
mKwr;y/mr:nnr kunrsIRiwijy Rvjsicrhv jcr,yugr.yzcr;
awrjwr;j/cr:binrdbvdig sIRisRncrgvRnnr. kJnr;bqnrscr,k
Rv,jv, (jwr;jzmrscr,kv,)mKcr:sI,”wr,ywr.> wo/:mnr:jwr;bqnrscr,k
Rv,jv,ywr. mnr:jwr;kdr:jfraznr”wr sJbr,bJnrEp;sv,snv,budr.
tjwr; nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,es kwr;j/mr,sUnrm/gr,h/gr;kmr:gfv, mKwr;av,
yumnr:jwr;lo; 81 bI< bIkRidr. 1778 nI;nnr.ywr.>
scr,ks/mrgKcr: nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,
jwr;binrdbvdig sIRisRncrgvRno. bqnrgKcr:sL/mr,(to:)
ywr.> gKcr:sL/mr,no. jwr;aubvlimKcr:to:nnr. mv:dcr;wo.El; jcr,
lo;jJwr;ncr,nnrywr.> mKwr;b/nrnnr. ebv:amr,jfr;jKwr.kKwr:gUnr:
t/nr;sucrjJcr amr,kwr;bqnrRh/nr: nfr:gKcr:no.lo;> gzbr;nnrEl;
tJcrmv:bIkRidr. 1799 nI;nnr. jwr;s/cr,dUnrnJcr; (amr,jfr;gUnr:
t/nr;sucr) jJwr;wv; jwr;amrbgh bidiy Yvnwimldisrsnnr.
jcr,gfv,mKcr:m/nr;< dI;wqcr:amRbU,Res mKwr:kJnr;j/cr:dI;nnr;
ywr.> mKwr;mnr:jwr; bzgr;mv:kJnr:mKcr:sI,”wr, bIkRidr. 1803 nnr.
mnr:jwr;jcr,mv:dcr;tQcr; gKcr:scr,kgKcr:nJcr; anrhigr;jJwr;wv;
gKcr:amRbU,R(mKcr:m/nr;)noywr.> tJcrmv:bIkRidr. 1863 nnr. jwr;
amrbghwdred sIRisR ncrgvRetR smr.mv:dcr;tQcr;gKcr:nJcr;
higr;jJwr;wv; gKcr:RvmYrY(mznr:)nonnr.ywr.> nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,no.
dcr;Ed,y/mr:nnr.mv: gKcr:scr,kmI:mv:s/mrgKcr: h/nr.edv,tJcr
y/mr:lqwrno.ywr.>
b/nracr:gidr:aubr.mKcr:
dcr;Ed,awrbIkRidr. 1796 edv,tJcr 1948 nnr. bqnrb/nr
acr:girdr:kwr mv:pzcr:cmr:wo.mKcr:sI,”wr,ywr.> nfr:k/wr:y/mr:nnr.
ykdef:uSyf; Oj,Oej,ykwf.x rldif:OD,Nof, \ 45
gf/mr:nmr:
wnr:anrkuigr.dznr: bunr;dv,gUnr:Z/wr:budr.hwr:no. edlo;wv;
bqnrwnr: anrlo;cinr:Cdv: Cpv:bqnrjwr; wnr:sinrlKnrlbr:
lKnrmUnr:jKwr:nnr.noyU,> wnr:jKwr:no. bqnrwnr:anrgUnr:
Z/wr:budr.hwr:gU;dI;dI; aznrgnrgfv,wdr.kwr;gGcr: hbr.sinrtzmr,
Cdv:Ed,gfv,jKwr:nnr.ywr.> nT:gv;wnr:tmr,mswn wnr:lKnr
lbr:lKnrmUnr:jKwr:nnr. anrkJgr.dznr:esbKnr; nT:gUnr:j/wr:
budr.nnr.bqnr-
1. wnr:mv:k lKnrs/mrmUnr:<
2. wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:<
3. wnr:av,sv,lhv, lKnrbQdr,mUnr: s/mrwnr:no.ywr.>
wnr:mv:k lKnrs/mrmUnr:
wnr:mv:klKnrs/mrmUnr:no. hqdr:scrEl;wv; mnr:bqnr
wnr:anrkJgr.dznr:bKnr;wo.nojJcr yznr.wv; mnr:bqnrwnr:anr
scr,k 1,250 dUnr mv:wo;svCpv:bqnrjwr; bzgr;aznrd/cr:sudr:
nnr.ywr.> y/mr:nnr Cpv:bqnrZwr; awreav:wv,dbv,dimzgr.k
anrbqnrso/jTsv,snv,nnr.es ehv:bnrkwrjwr;gfv,ywr.>
48 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
wnr:wisv,k lKnr'gr:mUnr:
wnr:wisv,klKnr'gr:mUnr:no. bqnrwnr:anrenv,j/o: jwr;
sidr.tdr.t gKdr,hnrnv;mv: dI;nT:sUnrmzgr,lumr,BiinI,El;
wnr:anrjwr;egv:dm '.hnrCdv:sjr.jv,sI,bKcres lo;Y/nr,
sbr.bYr,Yud bqnrCpv:smr,mv,smr,budr.t dI;dT;dUnr;mo.Yzcr,
mhv,ebv:ti dI;budr.tgyv,nnr.ywr.> lKwresnnr. smr.bqnr
wnr: anregv:dmCpv:bqnrZwr; awrbRinibr.b/nr,gfv,nnr.ywr.>
wnr:av,sv,lhv, lKnrbQdr,mUnr:
wnr:av,sv,lhv,lKnrbQdr,mUnr:smr. bqnrwnr:anrCpv:
bqnrZwr; lo;awrCdv:tmr,mjgr.ges ehv:bnrZwr;bYr,Zwgr.gI,
hv;dUnr dI;mKcr:bv,Rv,nsI, bzgr;aznrd/cr:sudr: (First Sermon)
nnr.ywr.> lKwresnnr. smr.bqnrwnr:anr Cpv:Cdv:El; scr,
kv,pudr:mv: nT:sv,snv,budr.t aznrd/cr:sudr:bKnr;El; smr.
bqnrwnr:kwr;wv,kwr;sv jwr;scr,kkwrjwr;nnr.ywr.>
nT:gv;wnr:yicr;yT,kuigr.dznr: anrlo;l/dr;mv:jKwr:no.
pU;dQmr;ligr; edsJbr,edv.do,ko;En lzcr;d/cr:anrkJgr.dznr:
dv,wnr:mv:k lKnrs/mrmUnr:nnr.gznr,> nT:ligr;Wmrdzmranrno.
edsJbr,sbr:lQcr: lzcr;wnr:mv:k lKnrs/mrmUnr:no.gUYr:> wnr:nox
bqnrwnr:anryicr;yT,kJgr.dznr:lUcr nT:budr.tpv,sv, wnr:nJcr;
ywr.> mv:kanrwv;no. mnr:bqnrpv,sv,bv,li bzcr,wv;lKnrs/mr
noywr.> wnr:mv:k lKnrs/mrmUnr:no. yznr.scr mnr:smr.mv:bqnr
wnr:anryicr;yT,kJgr.dznr:lUcr dv,j/wr:budr.hwr:?
lzcr;bqnrmv: wnr:mv:klKnrs/mrmUnr:
Zzmr:ncr, nT:bbr.tmr:jwr;Enwo. w/o:esCpv:bqnrjwr;egv:
dm lo;hU.hnrCdv:tmr,msjr.jv,sI,bKcres bqnrCpv:dI;dT;dUnr;
mo.Yzcr,mhvebv:ti. lo;gwr;lKnr< scrnbr.awr mKwr;mnr:jwr;Ed,
oef:rj:c vldefOmrfrlef: \ 49
1
Dhammapada No- 183-4.
oef:rj:c vldefOmrfrlef: \ 51
Reference:
1. ประเพณีสิบสองเดือน ลานนาไทย มณี พยอสยงค. มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม พิมพครัง้ ที่
2. Yuvabuddhikasara Vol-33. No- 2, the Buddhapadipa
Temple, Wimbledon, London, 2005.
oef:rj:c vldefOmrfrlef: \ 53
3. Alec Robertson, Significance of the Full Moons in
Buddhism, Buddhist Culture Centre Publication,
Dehiwala, Sri Lanka, 1998.
4. Sri Achariya Buddharakkhita, Dhammapada, Buddha
Vacana Trust, Maha Bodhi Society, Sri Lanka, 1995.
Olyf: trf,eef uGmrf:
qof;eef,awj:zj,O qgrfOSif
uGmrf:erf:
efG:ygwf:wgef;wlofulef:pof:eh. ayj:seoj;Olyf:eh. yAef
tefckduf.crf,vrf,vgif; wj,ulef:pof:sw.sw.eh vSyf;awtrf,
zdwf:/ yduf.Orf.yAefulef:tj. trf,arjvmwf;uGmrf:auj; ref:awj;
trf,vgwf;udefcof;/ Olyf:eh. yAeftefpefvDxmif,qSif;aOyldef;?
cof;umefaOyldef;? pAwf:umeferfaOyldef;ehauj; oj;vh;bof;/ yAef
yldifvlif wj,wlofqof;uof,ulnf:trf,uj: wj,yldef;wif:erfauj; yAef
tefqfG.umefvh;sw.sw.bof;/ ugyf;eh awwSrf;seuGj, Olyf:sv;
uGmrf:? ej;umefOlyf:uGmrf:? acj;Oif,Ogef tefuAof,uyf:vlnf; vgif;
Olyf:uGmrf:? zgef:vDOlyf:uGmrf:? zgef:phm.Olyf:uGmrf:sv; acj;'mif. wj,
Olyf:uGmrf: qldof:eh.bof;/
Olyf:sv;uGmrf:
Olyf:sv;uGmrf:eh. yduf.Orf.yAefzfGyAefref:aOwj. ayj:tof
Ozj,ouGmrf:wh:pof:oj;sw. yAeftefvAofuefulnf:/ rldefeif, ]]Olyf:
vDOAifomef cmefurf:vfGauj;vDxgrf,/ Olyf:bAef,uGmrf:si; ayj: sr;
puf.wgef:qfG/ Olyf:vDuGmrf:imrf: xkdifbmrf:qif,vmwf;}}eh qldof:eh.
bof;/ zl;tefrD:Olyf: trf,rD:uGmrf: tefyAefulef:tj.eef.sw.
cSef:qfGref:rAof:ekdif;aO Orf.bmyf,qfGref:vhm:ekdif;bl,/ wj,aw
zdwf: oqDurf<OD,bldif;eef. vlrfqfGwj,ref:aOwj. wj,awcmef
vmwf;uGmrf:vDOAifomef Orfrjojqjeef. Orf.trf,yAefvh;eef.
Olyf: trf,eef uGmrf: \ 55
zgef:phm.Olyf:uGmrf:
Olyf:uGmrf:eh. ayj:trf,arjqfG.wkdof:auj; awyAefzgef:phm. rj:
wj,qof;uof,ckdef:bl,trf,pmif./ teffOlyf:uGmrf: qmif;zdwf:aO
vh;zgef:phm.eef. rD:OD,bldif;eh efG:tifUkwfwIedujb? twfxu
edyjw? WjeoUfU? WkqfqIdwodyju seoh.oj; zl;auj.tefzdwf:
oqDurf<OD,bldif;eef. zgef:phm.tefwkdef:awvh;xlyf: efG:OrfO
Ijeh. (1) qmif;uGj,wluf:ij;Ihm:? (2) qmif;uGj,yAefOwf:wdIdqfOmef?
(3) qmif;uGj,yAefyAwf.wj,bl,bof;/ ayj:oj;ylef.vgwf; OmrfwD;eh.
bof.aO rj:yAefulef:ckdef:ehauj;-
(1) zl;auj.tef uh.vmwf;uGmrf:ySwf.vSefyldef;eef. zgef:
phm.wD;wSrf,Okwf:ref: qmif;vh;cmrf,wmif:yldef;rmyf,rfG vgif;uGmrf:trf,
qkdof;trf,qfG;/
(2) zl;auj.tef vmwf;uGmrf:cj.chmuef? uGmrf:qif:uGmrf:sO.
tefqmif;pAwf:P; ulef;Ogifauj. trf,eef ulef:efG:qkrf:ayj:wSuf,
bhm;uef? zdwf:uef? trf,zgrf.zAif,uefeef. zgef:phm.wD;wSrf,
Okwf:ref: qmif:vh;zmwf,bmef pmrf:zmeftlnf:auj.tlnf:aO;/
64 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
(3) zl;auj.tefvmwf;uGmrf:cSifvldif:? uGmrf:phm.uGmrf:ygif.uef?
uGmrf:vj,uef? uGmrf:qluf.wrf NofqfGyldef;eef. zgef:phm.wD;wSrf,
Okwf:ref: qmif;uh.vh;idef: OAiftrf,vD teftrf,xkuf,NrSef;qfG/
(4) zl;auj.tef vmwf;uGmrf:yof,pmrf:vhm? teftrf,yef
zgef:Oif? tefulnf:pAwf:P; Okrf:cdif,Okrf:bmrf:eef. zgef:phm.
wD;wSrf,Okwf:ref: qmif;vh;yAefzl;vmwf;uGmrf:trf,brf trf,tgif,
yldef;trf,cfG;xgrf,eef.bof;/ vldofeef. ayj:ckdef:ydef;tof vgif;
zgef:vD rkOj,oj,wtefseoh. e[:ckwf.wu yjwtwfxuj,xj,?
yxrOdufcjyWeef.eh wj,zl;auj.tef vmwf;uGmrf:ySwf.vSefyldef;
eef. yAefrj:zgef:phm.eif,eh-
1. vmwf;uGmrf:trf,yD,zAef;vD (OAiftrf,qkdef;trf,omef)?
2. cAof;pmif;qj. trf,zAif,yAif:vD?
3. thmOlyf:rAef?
4. OAifqj.ymuf,qmif (uGmrf:vmwf;pof: cwf:Nyldef;? yldef;
trf,cfG;xgrf,)?
5. tdefwaI,(wj? N? cl:vif? vdef.? wlof) trf,qkdef;
qmif, trf,rlwf:OfG pmif;qj.)?
6. pmif;zmifwlofcdif: blyf;bgrf: pmif;qj. (yAefulef:yguf:ej,
OkifeSef,? bgrfuSif: yD:ylef. trf,vDbArf;vDwlnf:)?
7. trf,rD:atj:qj,trf:emwf;?
8. uGmrf:trf,brf (pof:vmwf;Oifauj; yldef;trf,bkrf, trf,
pyf.tof)?
9. cAof; Nduf, vdef. trf,rlwf:OfG (uh.rD:aIj:uj, qAyf:OSyf,)?
10. rD:qfGcfG;vmwf; uGmrf:phm.uGmrf:vldif:wj,aO,?
11. yAefulef:vmwf;bgh;vduf:vguf:aO wlofqfGtrf,ref;edrf/
zgef:phm.Olyf:eh. uGmrf:uyf:xkuf,auj;oj;oh. ]rD:Olyf:trf,arj
vmwf; vdef.ugwf,ymwf;xldofacj:/ qmif;wgyf,xAifqj: uGmrf:pj:trf,
Olyf: trf,eef uGmrf: \ 65
zkdeftdif
1. vkif:wmif:su:? tykrf,ygwf:sv;uGmrf:uyf:xkuf,? olif:oef:? oAif:
wlef;wD:/
2. Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught, Sri Lanka,
1996.
3. ckWfWuedujb? Okwfwedyjw yj,vdqof;? urf,zj,at:? wj;
ukif;? 2001/
4. ckWfWuyjxtwfxuxj? urfzj,at:? wj;ukif;? 1958/
5. tifUkwfwI yj,vdqof;? y? Wk? w? urf,zj,at:? wj;ukif;? 2003?
1955? 1997/
6. WDcedujb ODvufcefxoufu (ydef,rmef;)? urfzj,at:?
wj;ukif;? 1996/
7. ODvufcefxoufutwfxuxj? urf,zj,at:? wj;ukif;? 1996/
wmif:pefxkdifykwf.x eldofyhm:rmuf;rD:
s/mrsQcr gqcr:ducr
gf/mr:nmr:
gUnr:hwr:m/cregv. pU;anrlqbr;hqnr: tmr:Cdv:jwr;aidr:
aznr,aI; hqnr:amr,tJcrdI; sznramr,tJcrbo/kwrjKwr:nnr. jcr,
aznrgnrwv; @@tmr:Cdv:jwr;no. ehv:dv,jwr;aRhnr,(Rhnr:dv,)
kwrlo/lo/gUYr:< dv,gUnr:”inr:amr,bv:##noegv; mI:> m/cregv.smr.wv;
@@tmr:Cdv:jwr;no. Enwo.d/cr:dugr.klo/lo/< amr,mI: lzcr;sKwr:jT
mQnr;jTscresaidr:##ncr,no> m/cregv.egv;wv; @@tmr:Cdv:jwr;no.
amr,bnrd/cr:kJnr;yT,esamr,gv: bo/mv:Eh.h/mr; d/cr:kJnr;yT,lU:
gznr,##noywr.> gUnr:jKwr:anrwv; jKcr.ncr,nono. mKnrgUnr:dv
wzdr,”gr:egv. gmr:Yv:j/cr.nnr.ywr.> kwrjKwr:nnr. gmr:Yv:dI;
lTegv; l/dr;lidr;lUcrgfv, gv;wv;gv;bqnr jzmr:ncr,lo;gmr:Yv:mQnr;
nnr.> anrkwrwv;nnr. dI;lTdI;nnr; amr,jT;lumr:lumr:Ed.
amr,wv; jT;yU,aidr:aI;> gUYr:gv; amr,jT;mUdr:>
no.egv;edv;nnr yznr.bKwr; d/cr:”.nT:Cdv:nnr. bo,dqmr
tUnr;El; gf/mr:jKwr:nnr. jcr,azgr,mv:yU,> dI;Ed.mnr: nT:ekv;
scr,sznrbudr.tjwr;no. mnr:mI:wo.gU;bKcrbKcr mKnrncr,lzcr;kunr<
lzcr;munrjwr;< lzcr;gUnr:”inr:< lzcr;sJgr:lzcr;sKwr< lzcr;gv.lzcr;ko/<
lzcr;kJnr;yT, j/dr;no.j/dr;nv; Ed,jqmrjKwr:no.gfv,nnr.ywr;>
nmr.b/cr,l/o,no. bigr.smr.wv; mnr:nmrnv,noesdv.egv; mI:aR
sv, anrjqmr:mqwr:lqwrgUYr:> edv;nnrncr,gwr, ekv;scr,sznr
budr.tjwr; anrbqnrtmrmEl; winyno.egv; bigr.smr.wv; mnr:
68 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
mI:yU,bQQdr,mJnr,sI,hqcrnoesdv. dI;yKcr:a/nr:mnr:Ed. mI:ekv;
lqwr anrwv; @lzcr;azgr,bUnr. # (wimudrdi) nonnr.gUYr:ywr.> 1 lzcr;
azgr,bUnr.anrwv;no. bzcr,wv; azgr,bUnr.nT:smr,sRv,nnr.ywr.>
gUYr:gv; mKwr;bo,bUnr.smr,sRv,lo;nnr. gU;lzcr;lzcr; edlo;yU,
jKcr.’iwr< ginrjKcr.’iwranrwv;nnr. nT:ekv;scr,sznrbudr.tjwr;
no. dJnr:Enbnr sqnr;dv;so/d/cr:mnr:wo.yU,> dI;no; edsJbr,
l/dr;En d/cr:hnrtJcrbudr.tjwr; nKwrbo/:m/gr;mI:nnr.gUYr:
ywr.>
nT:acrgudrdRnigvynnr. Enwo.d/cr:mucr;mzcr:gUnr:hwr:
sI,bKcryU,<
1. H;mI:cJnr:mI:kmr:esgmr: (epvgv em aubbjrjnrdu sh
tmremn)>
2. H;jJwr;sqcrlJwr:lcresgmr: (yesv em avgjrsdu sh
YvdIhi shaubjrsveyhi)>
3. H;av,yuyJnr:y/wr:esgmr: (jiRmr jiwvmi dI,kmv,yumr bv
elmi)>
4. wo/:essqcr;gmrO H;Wdr;tJcrdI;lI dI;mQdr;esgmr: (gvysr
sepdv bRmrr mRnv sugdimr sgrgmrelvgmr aubgjr
svmi)> 2
pTpTegv; kT;mI:cJnr:< kT;H;jJwr;sqcryT,< kT;H;bKnr;”.jgr:
nmr< kT;H;av,yuyJnr:y/wr:< kT;Wdr;tJcr dI;lIdI;mQdr;gUYr:gUYr:
ywr.> gUYr:gv; d/cr:mucr;mzcr:sI,bKcrno. aicrnKwrbo/:m/gr;mI:El; ebv:
bo/:m/gr;mI: amr,dqmrtUnr;jJcr dv,edlo;d/cr:mucr;mzcr:nnr. y/br,
1
Culavagga, Vinaya-pitaka, p. 423.
2
Anguttara-nikaya (=A), ed. R. Morris and E. Hordy, 5 Volomes
London: PTS, 1885- 1990, 11. 66.
wmif:pefxkdifykwf.x eldofymh:rmuf;rD: \ 69
3
Anguttara-nikaya, Vol- 1, p.128- 129.
70 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
amr,tugr,lIsJwr.nnr. smr.gfv,sJwr.< jo/,amr,”.po/,”.lQnrnnr.
ywr.> gUnr:jKcr.ncr,nono. Wcr.wv; gUnr:dvwzdr,(anrt)noywr.>
gUnr:hwr:m/cregv. emvhvcJnr:yU,< lzgr:lo/:hvcJnr:egv; mnr:
hnrmnr:”.yU,< hvegv; hvlo;mv:yU,< gUYr:gv; amr,emvjT.jo/,nnr.
ywr.> edhqdr:’iwrjT. edlI< edhqdr:’iwrjT. edmQnr;anrwv;
nnr. mnr:amr,emvtdr:s/crdUYr:> anrno. bzcr,wv; mI:cJnr:kmr:
esdv.egv; amr,emvjT.noywr.> gUnr:jKcr.no Wcr.wv; gUnr:mI:dv
kznrlqwrnoyU,> egv.tUnr;s/mrEd. bqnrgUnr:anremvhvcJnr:El;
emvjT.jo/,cJnr:nnr.ywr.> gUnr:jKcr.no Wcr.wv; gUnr:mI:dvszcrkznr
noywr.>
cJnr:kmr:anrwv;no. amr,jT;wv;hvlo;co/;co/;< bqnrmqwr:anr
hvy/br,ed.ed.El; edlo;mI:gmr<< d/cr:kdr:jT hvawred.ed.
gznr, jcr,edj/cr;lo;ywr.> cJnr:kmr:no. ebv:”iwr,amr,lo ko:amr,
yzo.gzbr;mnr:jJcr amr,j/cr;lo;>4 sqnr;d/cr:hvcJnr:no. amr,mI:
sqnr;ldr:El; sqnr;d/cr:sKwr,mzgr,lv:lv:> edlo;hvawr k/wr:
d/cr:’icr’icresamr,gv: smr.edlo;kdr:jTawr y/br,y/br,pJdr,
pJdr,gznr, jcr,edj/cr;lo;> cJnr:kmr:no. tugr,lIhvawrhcr:pThcr:
mnr:yU,> gUYr:gv; H;tugr,mQnr;gUdr:m/oCdv:nnr. lIed.ed.> l/o:
hvcJnr:kmr: tugr,mQnr;gUdr:m/oCdv:no. amr,s/nrkdr:gnr dcr:ekv;
scr,sznrbudr.tjwr;El; budr.tjwr; bnrhQcr:ed.ed.ywr.>
mKnrncr, gv.k/ogUnr:< gv.k/oyv;wKwr,< gv.k/o gzcr;g/cr,< gv.k/oyv;pinr,
lwr; yv;mv.El; gv.k/odUwrmI:jTjKwr:no. bnrd/cr:dugr.k gUnr:dcr:
nmresamr,gv: hqdr:H;dUcr,wKcr:hwr: ebv:lo;dUgr:dQmr,jzmr:gfv,El;
lzcr;jKwr:no.Cpv: bqnrjwr;hwr: h/mr;sJwr.h/mr;k/owo.yU,> 5
4
Anguttara-nikaya , Vol- 2. 67.
5
Education for peace- The Buddha’s way- by Henry Weerasinghe,
1992. 69.
wmif:pefxkdifykwf.x eldofymh:rmuf;rD: \ 71
gqwr,lUYr;lzcr;hvcJnr:kmr:no. nT:smr,yudrdnigvynnr.
egv;Enwo. l/o:hvcJnr:s/mrbKcr< (1)hvamr,jzmr:Cdv: bnrd/cr:dugr.
kbKnr;< (2)hvjzmr:Cdv:esdv. bnrd/cr:dugr.kbKnr;< amr,nnr
amr,d/mrCdv: esdv. amr,bnrd/cr:dugr.kbKnr;< (3)hvmQnr;jzmr:
Cdv:es amr,bnrdugr.kbKnr;> 6 gUnr:hwr:m/cregv. hvkUwr:kzcrcJnr:
kmr: amr,tugr,mQnr;jzmr:m/omI;esamr,gv: bv:awrbKnr;lU.bKnr;sumr:
jzmr:es H;bKnr;ebv:dugr.kk/nrjTgfv, egv;mI:> mKwr;hvlo;mv:es
lqcr.lugr;lqcr.em:hwr:nnr. lugr;em:hwr:Ed. yumr.kUwryU,noes
dv. gUnr:anrbKnr;sumr:jzmr:hwr:nnr. Ed. nmr.dvbKnr;ebv:lo;
yzo.> anrno. tugr,lIwUnr.gf/cr;gf/cr;es Ew;bQdr;gogoywr.> bqnr
’iwregv;ywr. g/nrhvcJnr:no.tugr,lI d/mrm/omI;Cdv:esamr,gv: yv,
H;bKnr;lo; nmr.dvdUgr:mUgr:dvyzo. jzmr:hwr:nnr.lItI.sudr:>
ebv:hvcJnr:kmr: d/mrncr,wv;mv: bv;nKwrno.jJcr cJnr:kmr:no.
tugr,lIjT.j/o.yU,> l/o:jT.j/o,cJnr:kmr:no. nT:acrgudrdRnigvy
nnr. mI:yU,s/mrmqwr:< (1)jT.dv,dUwrjwr;gwr,< (2)jT.dv,gUnr:dcr:
nmrEl; (3)jT.dv,g/nrd/cr:lU,noywr.> 7 cJnr:kmr:no.tugr,lIjT.
dv,dUwrjwr;gwr, H;ebv:yU,lIginrw/nr H;ebv:mUnr;jTegLv,jTyU,
ywr.> mI:cJnr:esamr,hdr:j/o, mKnradinrnbubrbgnnr.egv;
amr,tugr,> adinrnbubrbgno. bqnrgUnr:mI:lUcrEd.Ed.> gUYr:gv;
mnr:bqnrgUnr:mI:kI;tI,nnr.ywr.> lugr;j/o:mnr: j/o:mtgunr,tRI
bqnreRv:gv, ebv:edjmrd/onoesdv. amr,k/mr,Wcr.emvyvmv:dUYr:
gzbr;bKwr; gUwrsqcr;cJnr:nonnr.ywr.> 8 jKcr.ncr,set:egv.no.egv;
amr,tugr,lIbqnrlv:lv:> nT:dUcr,wKcr:gUnr:hwr:no. gUnr:mI:El;
gUnr:p/nrmv:jzmr:gnr> H;mI:mKnrgnrsqcr;sqcr;egv; amr,bqnrlo;>
Anguttara Nikaya, Vol- III -208.
6
Samyutta Nikaya, Vol- IV- 931.
7
Samyutta Nikaya, Vol- IV- 331.
8
Dhammapada- sdon 25-2.
72 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
m/cregv.mI:wv;mI: cJnr:kmr:ebv:amr,mI:dI;wo.> m/cregv.smr. p/nrwv;
p/nr kwr;edginrebv:amr,kT;mI:> gzbr;bKwr;nnr gUnr:mI:kwr tugr,lI
wo.jTlIjTc/mr:es jzo;lKwrbnrgUnr:p/nrnnr.yU,>
cJnr:kmr:no.tugr,lIjT. nT:g/nrd/cr:lU,yU,pzcr;> gUYr:gv;
H;jT.j/o,sqcr;sqcr;noegv; amr,wv;ncr,gwr,> nT:sicr,gv,elv:wv,
dsudr;nnr. Cpv:bqnrjwr;ehv:wo.wv; @@cJnr:kmr:anrhwr:hvmv:
nnr. tugr,lIjQgr,wo.sI,bunr;< bunr;nJcr;no.dv,jT.j/o,< bunr;szcr
El;bunr;s/mrnnr. dv,hqdr:g/nrm/gr;mI:< bunr;sI,nnr. tugr,lI
simr:wo. dv,wnr:mKwr:nv; Yv:mKwr;amr,s/cr,tugr, po:mo;El;scr<
nmr.lUgr;El;scr tugr,lIawrjT.jo/,noywr.> 9 anrno.bzcr,wv;
bunr;dI;nJcr;nnr. nucr;egv;bqnrmnr:< woegv;bqnrmnr:< ginregv;
bqnrmnr:< lU,d/nr:egv;bqnrmnr:nnr.ywr.>
lKwresnnr. nT:acrgudrdRnigvynnr. Enwo.l/o:j/o,
cJnr:kmr:hv;bKcryU,> j/o,dv,dUwrjwr;gwr,< j/o,bunr;gUnr:nmr< j/o,
dv,ekdUwrjwr;gwr,< j/o,dv,g/nrjKwr.kKwr:< j/o,nT:g/nrd/cr:lU,
nojKwr:no.ywr.> 10
ebv:mI:cJnr:kmr:ywr.jJcr jJwr;sqcrhwr:egv;edyT,gfv, bKnr;
egv;ed“.jgr:hwr:nmrmv:> ebv:bqnrjKcr.nnrjJcr gUnr:kT;yv.kT;
gwr:hwr:egv; edmI:mv:ywr.> gzbr;bKwr;nnr ncr,’iwrjwr;gwr,ed
“mr,lUmr;lo;nnr. cJnr:kmr:no.tugr,lIjT.j/o,yU,ywr.> gUnr:hwr:
no. gKdr,mv:jzmr:jKwr.kKwr:< g/nrjKwr.kKwr:no. bqnrg/nrhwr:hv: gU;
egv.El; tugr,lIwUnr.gf/cr;gf/cr;es jzo;lKwryU,ywr.> bqnrlo;gv;
hJwrjzo;gv;n/nr.< bqnrlo;d/cr:lTjzo;d/cr:nnr.> g/nrjKwr.kKwr:
9
Sigalovada- sutta- Code of Discipline for lay Buddhist, Buddhist
Missionary society, Young Buddhist Association of Malaysia
1987. 4 - Buddhism lectures and Essays, p. 14.
10
Anguttara-nikaya, Vol- III p.279.
wmif:pefxkdifykwf.x eldofymh:rmuf;rD: \ 73
11
Anguttara-nikaya, Vol- I. p.94.
74 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
jT;kUwr:kzcrjQdr;> kUwr:kzcrjQdr;anrwv;no. mI:jqdr:bKcr> jqdr:bKcr
anrwv;nnr. kUwr:kzcrsdr;tv,< kUwr:kzcr sI,l< kUwr:kzcrhiRi (lzcr;mI:
d/cr:aUgr:a/o)< kUwr:kzcrazdr.dbr.b (lzcr;gUwrg/nramr,lI)< kUwr:kzcr
sud< kUwr:kzcrjv,g< kUwr:kzcrbYr,Yv, bqnrjKwr:no.aKwr;##noywr.> 12
ekv;lUbr:
gmr:lJnr:sudr:Ed. kT;dJgr:sUnr:bnrF/cr.wv; pU;lTpT
esamr,wv; aznrgnrgqbr:Wmrdzmrwo. kUwr:kzcrtmr,mnmrnmrdv.no
ywr.> smr.kT;yznr:p/gr, kUwr:kzcrtmr,maidr:nJcr;- @sdrtidrt
widrdmr buRissrs esdrtmr#- lzcr;yumr,ymrsdrtvno. bqnrkUwr:
kzcr anrgLv.sudr:esbKnr; nT:elvgnoywr.> 13 @snrdudrti bR
mmr tnmr#- lzcr;bqcr:ebv:h/nr.jTno. bqnrkUwr:kzcranr sucrsudr:
notQcr;> 14 H;tmr,mdUwr;jzdr, nT:lUgr;gfv,wo:wo:esgmr:…
Reference
1. Personal notes of Buddhist philosophy of education
and communication for the Degree of Master of Arts,
University of Kelaniya, 1998.
2. Personal notes of the Social Dimension of Buddhism
for the Degree of Master of Arts. University of
Kelaniya, 1998.
3. Anguttara-nikāya, ed.R. Morris and E. Herdy, 5.
Volumes, London: PTS, 1885-1900.
4. Samyutta-nikāya,ed.L. Feer. 5. Volumes , London:
PTS, 1884-1904.
5. Nārada Thera, (trans) The Dhammapada, Colombo-
2515-1972.
12
Anguttara-nikaya, Vol- IV.p.6-7.
13
Sutta-nipata –p-32.
14
Dhammapada , ston 25- 204.
wmif:pefxkdifykwf.x eldofymh:rmuf;rD: \ 75
6. H. Saddhatissa, (trans) The sutta-nipāta, London,
1985.
7. Sigālovāda-sutta (Code of discipline for lay Buddhist)
Buddhist missionary society, Young Buddhist
Association of Malaysia, 1987.
8. Ven.Balangoda Anandamaitreyo, Buddhism -Lectures
and Essay, Colombo, 1993.
9. Oliver Abeynayeke, Fundamentals of Buddhist Polity,
Singapore, 1995.
10. Henrry Weerasinghe, Education for peace- the
Buddhist way, Sri Lanka, 1992.
11. Culavagga Pāli, Vinaya-pitaka.
vgif;oh.omif:q[
jwr;bYrYvsIRi s/obznr
gf/mr:nmr:
gqwr,gbr:lUYr; lzcr;”wrekv;bv;nKwrno.es jTno.dznr;dv,
dUwrjwr;gwr,egv;lmr,lzcr;< dv,gUnr:dcr:nmregv; lmr,lzcr;wo.
Ed.Ed.> mKnrncr,wv; Fo:anrwv;no. ebv:emvjT.egv;bqnrFo:<
ebv:amr,emvjT.smr. emvbqnranr:dR/o:nonnr.es jTegv;edv;
nnryU,> yznr.nnrEl; dI;no;edsbr:lQcr:En lzcr;mo;jT<
cwr;cKnr;bnrhvjT< lzgr:lo/:lUdr:yzmr:lzcr;mo;jT< cwr;dUnr;jT< jT
ek.kqcr,egv; bqnrlzcr;mo;jT< lzcr;yKnr.gnr;< lzcr;emvbzcr,jT< lzcr;
emvkf/cr:bnrEl; lzcr;lUcrlJmr:bQdr;bnrhv awrjqmrjKwr:no.Ed,
gfv,nnr.yU,>
lzcr;mo;jT
m/crgmr:gmr: jwr;gwr,j/cr;wUnr.wv; d/cr:mo;jTEl; bnrhvlUcr
jKwr:no. ek:mnr:bqnrmv:jzmr:jKwr. jzmr:kKwr:mnr: b/nrsJbr,b/nr
jqmrmKwr;bU,mznr,n/o:yv; jKwr:lbr:dvlJmr:mKcr:gfv, jqmrmKwr;bUnr.mv:
k/wr:d/cr:’icr edv,tJcrmKwr;lqwrno.’iwr? amr,nnregv; ek:edt/cr,
wv; d/cr:pidr:lUcrjKwr:no. ek:pIkwrjcr:hwr:El; j/cr;jTbUcrs/cr;
(create) H;jwr;gwr,tUbr:Yv:’iwrnonnr.yU,>
gUYr:gv; jzcr,jwr;gwr,smr. wUnr.hnrmQnr;wv; bnrhvdcr:lUcr
jKwr:nnr. mnr:amr,bqnryznr.bKwr;pT mnr:bqnryznr.jwr;gwr,l/o
l/ogUYr:no’iwr< dI;Ed.mnr: gqwr,gbr:lUYr;lzcr;gmrO(gmr,m) dcr:
lUcrno. lKwresjwr;gwr, pTdJnr:amr,mv:hqdr:bnrlo;< Cpv:bqnr
vgif;oh.omif:q[ \ 77
gUYr:gv;Ek:jwr;gwr,smr.wv; gwredamr,hvd/cr:pidr:pT<
d/cr:pidr:anrwv;no. dI;gwregv;mI:yU,dcr:nmr> no.egv;bo,jT;<
d/cr:pidr:dUwrjwr;gwr,egv; edamr,lo;Es.szmr:> niwr.mJwr:anr
jI.dUwrgwr,El;bKnr;no. mnr:amr,jT;h/cr;p/cr anredeg;lo;
bnrhves jzo;tQmrdUwrgwr,lo;> lzcr;hvd/cr:pidr:bKnr;El;dUwrgwr,
nnr. awrpv;wo.gogoes smr.awrd/cr:”.< hQcr:jT< d/cr:hdr:h/nr
gQmrdUwrwo.dv,es,nnr.lIywr.> lzcr;emvazmr;aI;jT amr,emvbUnr.
bQnreb;no. edbqnrd/cr:jzo;d/cr:tQmrjwr;gwr, anredeg;lo;
bnrhv dcr:nmrdcr:l/ojKwr:nnr.es smr.edhqdr:H;nT:lUgr;
ebv:edmI: lzcr;gdr:yqnren.nznr: lKwrdKwr:mv:nnr.Ed.Ed.>
scrwv;pv;lo; lzcr;Es.szmr:dUwrgwr,El;bKnr; lo;lIlI
ywr.jJcr jwr;gwr,bqnrpU;anremvegv,s/cr; lzcr;cmr:yqnrnT:
lUgr;mv:egv.nJcr;ywr.nonnr. amr,pidr:ywr.> yznr.nnrEl;
lUgr;lUcrno. ebv:jwr;gwr,kQmr.egv; mnr:edlI< ebv:jwr;gwr,mKgr;
egv; mnr:edh/o.gfv,nnr.ywr.> dv,edlzdr;lo; lzcr;Es.szmr:
nT:elv:g anrwv;elv:glUcrno. y/mr:jwr;gwr,mQnr;nnr. mnr:
smr.pidr:wo.lUcrnonnr. kdr:jTd/nr,’iwregv; mnr:edamr,
lzdr; bUnr.mnr:lo;esbzgr;> mKwr;jwr;gwr,kdr:jT lqbr;hqnr:spv,w
bKcrbqnrnT:lUgr;yU,nnr. jwr;gwr,edlo;hnrwv; @gUnr:egv.anr
lzdr;lzcr;Es.szmr:anrwv;no. Wo:wv; mnr:amr,mI:lUcrWo:# noyU,
amr,h/cr.> Cpv:bqnrjwr;egv; mzgr,wo.wv; @@jwr;adulaUYr:...
lzcr;Es.szmr:anrwv;no. mnr:bqnrFicr;kUcr:g/crmv: jqmrmKwr;b/nr
y/mr:lTnnr.ywr.< amr,jT;El;wv; mnr:dJgr.hvbqnrmv: y/mr:lqwr
no.gUYr:< gUnr:anramr,l/dr;gf/mr:scrnnr.egv; bKnr;Es.szmr:
mnr:ywr.< gUnr:anrl/dr;gf/mr:nmrnv,nnr.egv; bKnr;Es.szmr:
mnr:ywr.< gUnr:egv.anrl/dr; amr,ebv:nmrr ebv:ea,nnr.egv;
bKnr;Es.szmr:mnr:ywr.> gUnr:anrlzdr;bKnr;es.szmr: anrwv;
80 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
no. mKwr;bUnr.mv:egv; amr,y/mr;mI:mv:< y/mr:lqwregv; amr,mI:lo;<
mKwr:nv;egv; edamr,mI:lo;ncr,gwr, ##noywr.> 3
lzgr:l/o:lUdr:yzmr: lzcr;mo;jT(bnrhv)
mKwr;lTesamr,wv; y/mr:mKwr;lzcr;y/br,pJdr,El; bnrhvbqnrmv:
esanranrnnr. jwr;gwr,lUwr,lo; tdr:s/crdUYr:lIlI hqdr:
scrEl; bnrhvanrno.lo;bqnrmv:< yznr.scrEl; mnr:bqnrno
jKwr:nnr. mnr:lmr,lzcr;dv, pU;lo;tUbr:mnr:nnr.Ed.Ed.>
ebv:amr,”.cwr;cKnr;mnr:egv; dv,edhvl/o:eg;ko mnr:no.amr,c/o;<
mnr:mKnrncr, amr,”.d/cr:bqnrEl; amr,”.yv;yvmnr:nnr.
ywr.> lzcr;amr,tugr,jTmQnr;jTno. amr,kT;”br.kT;tUbr:mnr:es
aidr:< kT;tUbr:kT;Yv: lzcr;mUnr;lzcr;sKwr:dv,es,gUYr:nonnr.
mnr:dJnr: amr,bqnrlo;lv:lv:> mnr:mKnrlKnr anrmI:mKwr;mUnr:
El; mI:mKwr;lbr:nnr.ywr.> yznr.nnrEl; elvglUcrno. lzcr;
lTesamr,wv; mnr:amr,mnr;amr,gJmr: (sbrebscrkvRv anijr
jv)< mnr:amr,bqnrmv:jzmr:ncr,g/crjT gUnr:hwr:mucr;mzcr:dv,es,
(sbrebtmrmv andrdv)nnr.lo;noyU,> 4 mnr:dJnr:mI: lzcr;bqnr
ywr.kJnr:lU.< lU.ywr.kJrnr:bqnres budr;l/o;k/o.kJnr:yU,dv,es,
(aubrbvdwy tmrmienv)> yznr.nnrEl; Cpv:bqnrjwr; jcr,ehv:
lzcr;elvgtmr,bQdr,yKcr; anrwv;mI:sunr,(l/br;)< amr,mI:sunr,>
mI:aUYr:egv.< amr,mI:aUYr:egv.> bKnr;yzcr;eyv:< bKnr;Es.szmr:>
lzcr;sKwr:mUnr;< lzcr;k/nrjTnonnr.yU,> lzcr;jKwr:no. mnr:mI:nKwr
anrjwr;gwr, awrd/cr:”.< amr,awrd/cr:”.es hqdr:wo.mKwr;bUnr.
mv:jKwr:nnr.l/ol/o> dUwrjwr;gwr, egv.lKgr;sqnr;d/cr:mnr:mv:l/o
l/ogUYr:ncr,gwr,>
3
tmr.mbdbv,li< egvtwgr< m/ogvtv-227>
4
tmr,mbd bv,li< mgrgwgr< m/ogvtv- 277-9>
vgif;oh.omif:q[ \ 81
lzcr;kf/cr:bnrEl; lzcr;lUcrlJmr:bQdr;bnrhv
lzcr;dzbr,dQnr:kJnr: nKwrpU;kqnranrwv;no. mnr:hqdr:H;
gKdr,bnrhvmv:tQcr;gUYr:El; lzcr;y/br,pJdr, nmrmv:tQcr;digr:
dirgr:gUYr:> hwr:smr.gJcr,lIdUYr:hnr gf/mr:Cpv:bqnrjwr;scr,sznr
wo.wv; @@gUnr:hqdr:lzcr;amr,lIanrwv;no. spv,wmnr:Ed. kwrmKgr;
amr,jT;< gmr;nmrnmr yznr.bKwr;jTamr,”.nnr.El; jcr,bqnr
gUYr:> yznr.nnres hwr:amr,lIen:kwr< d/cr,d/cr:pidr:hcr:kwr<
pKwr,hqdr:nnr dv.mUnr.Em:bnr lzcr;amr,lIkwrnnr.gUYr:lv;##
noywr.> lzcr;bzcr,jTEl; jTmqdr;dv,no. mnr:bqnryv;yvlIlUcr
dv,gUnr:hqdr:lzcr;amr,lIkwr H;kwrkJnr:Wdr;tJcr sqnr;d/cr:lzcr;
lInnr.Ed.Ed.> dI;no; gUnr:hqdr:lzcr;amr,lIkwrno. mnr:mKnr
ncr, gUnr:bqnrnnr.ywr.es pzcr:mKwr;jwr;gwr,lo; hnrgUnr:bqnr
nnr. pKwr,jwr;gwr,dUYr:mnr:yU,l/ol/o ncr,’iwrmnr:edlo;
d/cr:gdr:yqnrEl; lzcr;sKwr:jTmv:nnr. dv.jwr;gwr,jzo;yUdr:
yvbnrmnr:lv;> anrjwr;gwr,wo.jTmqdr;dv,< jTaI:lUnKwrmnr:
lo;nnr.bzcr,wv; jwr;gwr,bnrs/oc/o dv,lQgr;lo/; H;mnr:bzcr,jTnKwr
lzcr;amr,lImnr:El; d/cr:sUcrlzcr;amr,lImnr:nnr.noyU,>
lKwresnnr. Cpv:bqnrjwr;egv;wv; @jTmqdr;dv,no. nT:
Eg;g/crlzcr;jcr:lUcrnnr. mnr:hqdr:H; hwr:amr,mI:lzcr;jcr:scr
nnr.ywr.> smr.aznrgnryU,swr: H;bUnr.lzfdr; lzcr;jcr:nnr.
dv.#noyU,> dI;nKwrpU;kqnrnnr. amr,dumr.dzbr,kJnr:scres yU,
swr:jKcr.ncr,pU;mI: d/cr:”.dqmrtUnr;nnr.dv.> y/mr:nnr. jwr;
gwr, lUwr,lo;mI:lzcr;bzcr,jTwv; pU;anrhqdr:kqnn
r o. yznr.bKwr; mnr:
hnrpidr:< amr,h/nr.jT< mI:jTkI;eg.jKwr:nnr. esanranrEl;
vgif;oh.omif:q[ \ 85
pJnraicr
1. Gems of Buddhist wisdom, Publication of the Buddhist
Missionary Society, Malaysia, Taiwan 1997.
2. tmrmbd< bKcrsdr.t< gmr,Fv,ea:< dv;gucr;< 2001>
xrf:xrf,rquf.u tgefvD
¥¥¥¥¥¥ = qof;odOkwfx uSof; = ¥¥¥¥¥¥
wD;ygif,ODv
wD;e[:xrf,rquf.ueh. Omif:vmif:seoh. wgef;ODvOmrf
bdlif; tefoj;- (1) vmwf;qdkof;q[; vmwf;vD? (2) pAwf:qdkof;q[;
pAwf:vD? (3) vAif.q[qdkof;q[;vD eheef.bof./
1. vmwf;qdkof;q[; vmwf;vD- wj,awvh;N.wD;ygif,tefeh.
pof:vlof,vh;N.zhm, tefOmefcwf:ref: tgefwmif:ugef,/ tef
Omefcwf:ref:sw. yAeftefySwf.vSefydlef;? cj.chmydlef;? xj.vj,
ydlef;? vmwf;uGmrf:trf,rD:vgef.uSefehqdlof:eh.bof;/ ayj:so;ySwf;
qdlof:OD,bdlif;eh.eef.auj; yAefuGj,vmwf;uGmrf:qdkof;q[; vmwf;vDvD
bof;/
auj.tefawc[;vgwf; vgif;wmif:Omefcwf:eef. ref:auj;
wuf:awvdluf;vmwf;uGmrf:qdkof;q[;? vmwf;qdkof;q[;ref;udkrf:bof./
uGmrf:vDtkyf, uGmrf:vDq[ydkif;tdif uGmrf:xkuf,rSef;ydlef; uGmrf:pAwf:P;vgif;
arj:yef:uefbAefphmaO yefpSif:zgrf.zAif,uef? Nrfqlrf:e[:vgif;
tgrf,vgrf;zgrf.uef? pjwmif:zgrf.zAif,uef? q[.wdkof:acj;uGmrf: tef
yefpSif:aO cwf:q[P;ydlef; zgrf.zAif,uefeef.boff;/ ugyf;yldof; acj;
uGmrf:ref:tlef;tgef, xkuf,NrSef;q[ vDpuf.qlrf: yefNofq[tkef,
yefpSif:q[ xkuf,rSef;uefsv; vh;oj;qgrf:yuf:ydlifxrf:bof;/ 1
2. pAwf:qdkof;q[; pAwf:vDvD- tefeh.auj; pof:xkuf,vh;N.
tefOmefcwf:ref:tgefwmif:bof./ qldof:eef.qrf.- 1. cj;pSrf
wlofq[yldef;? yefwmrf,ydlef; P;bmyf,bmuf;cmefq[/ 2. wj,qof;uof,
rmuf;rD:eef. vuf.clof:vAif:ydlef; P;ydlef;vl.Okrf:/ 3. vAef;egh. uof:
ej;Ndef:qof;uof,sv; ej;Ndef:ydlef; yAefqldof:eh.bof./ ayj:so;
ySwf; umeftrf,vDqdlof:eh.auj; yAefrj:wmif:pAwf:qdkof;q[;? wmif:
pAwf:vDbof;/ vh;oj;pof:zdkuf:Ojbj.ySwf;erf.q[zdwf:wj,pof: wif:
1
M 27, Culahatthi-padopama-sutta; The Art of living, pp.59-60.
90 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
ydlef;aO yefwmif:uwf:bAef wmif:rmuf;rD: wj,Owf.woj,cof wif:
vhm P;vh;bl,Oof:uGj, uwf:uwf:bAefbAefeef.bof./
3. vAif.wlofq[qdkof;q[; vAif.vDvD- pAwf:umefvAif.wgif.
tefvgwf;cj;Omuf; tofwlofq[ydlef;whm? trf,uj.chmedlof.eif tef
ydlef;cj;pSrf? trf,chmvof;bj;rof:urf? trf,awj,trf,vgif:? trf,uj.chm
rmuf,ugif;qdkef:bmrf:? trf,uj.chmulef: qldof:eh.wif:OAif; Mif.oj;
umefvAif.wlofq[qkdof;q[; vAif.vDvDehbof./ ayj:pAwf:umefvAif.wgif.
tefOmefcwf:zhm,vDeh ref:yefpSif: wj,P;yefpjudlwf,tguf,yAefrj:
wif:erfbof;/
qif,oj; rdlof;cmof:bmrf:apj:xrf: trf,eef oef:apj:xrf:eh.
pAwf:P;wmif:vDukOlof,cdkef;b[,sv; ayK;sr;auj; wrf:q[Nrfqlrf:qgrf:
bof;/ ykwf.xqof; apj:oh.oj;- auj.rD:wmif:vDukOlof,eh. vh;auBj,
qgrf:qmwf;eh. tduf,yj:qmwf;ej;? vh;auBj,wif:Ogifqmwf;ehbof. 2 /
ayj:oj;rD:ydkef.xmefq[uwf:bAefeh wj,awvh; Orjxd(Omef,Twj:)
eef. ref:trf,rD:wif:urfbmyf,Oifbof;/
Orjxd (Omef,TwK:) 3 bldif;
1. Orfrj ojbjr = cwf:q[qdkof;q[;? cwf:q[vDvD/
2. Orfrj Owd = 'mif.N.qdkof;q[;? 'mif.N.vDvD/
3. Orfrj Orjxd = edrfref;qdkof;q[;? edrfref;vDvDbof./
cwf:q[qdkof;q[;? cwf:q[vDvDtefoj;eh. rD:OD,bdlif;bof;/
OD,yldiftefoj;eh.-
1. tukOlof, tefyAefbof.eef. cwf:q[bj,ay P;vh;yAef
xSif;?
2. tukOlof, tefyh,yAefeef. cwf:q[bj,p[;vh; yAef?
3. ukOlof, tefyh,yAefeef. cwf:q[P;ayj:yAef ayj:rD:?
2
xrf,ryw uj,xj,rhm- 16 /
xrf:xrfrqufu tgefvD \ 91
jwr;mhvbYrYv sQcrnmr.pJcr;
gf/mr:nmr:
ep:anrlIgUwres smrxamr,”.amr,l/mr:lo;wv; mnr:ed
ebv,bqnrmv: mKwr;lfrnonnrxEdx edbqnrep:spv,wywrx> ep:
spv,wanrwv;nox j/cr;bqnrebv,mv:gU;dI; dJnr:amr,lKgr;wnr:<
lKgr;bI< lKgr;w/nr;< lKgr;mKcr:scr> edv;mKcr:anrkJnr;yfr, mI:kKcr;
j/gr; kJdr:g/br;kJdr:b/nrjKwr:nnrxegv; ycr:amr,j/cr;eh.gcr;
ep:spv,wlo;>
anrbqnrmv: ep:spv,wjKwr:nox bKcrnJcr;egv; gzbr;gUnr:hwr:
yv.spv,w yv.dUnr;moxdUnr;dzgr,es hqdr:H;Rv,sI,audulQgr;lo/;
El; ep:spv,wegv; dJnr:l/gr,lo/:mv:digr:digr:> jwr;bo/:so/O
(scientists) kwrdJnr:wv; ebv:gUnr:ycr:yv.spwv.yU,jJcr ep:s
pv,wnfr:elv:gegv; dJnr:ednmrmv:< l/gr,lo/:mv: nmrxamr,d/nr,
hQcr;egv;hQcr;< dI;anramr,y/mr;bqnrpUnrlUcrlUmr:lUcregv; ed
bqnr< dI;anrmo;egv; edmo;mv:lKwrgwr,< dI;anrgdr:egv; edgdr:
mv:lKwrgwr,noywr.> mnr:bzcr,wv; ebv:gUnr:hwr:hqdr:kqnredv, spv,
wegv; spv,wj/cr;kJnr:hqdr:kqnr edv,jwr;gwr,kJnr:nnr.ywr.>
ep:spv,wsU,nv:mi(Tsunami) 1 anredl/dr;gfv,nox
egv; bqnrep:spv,wmqwr:nJcr;ncr,gwr,> ep:spv,wmqwr:nox dJnr:
1
sqcrazgr,anrmQnr;jzmr:gf/mr:gLv,b/nr,kwredx bqnr ^sJwr,nv:mi&> nfr:p/o,to:kwr
dQmr;wox สึนามิ > p/o,acr:gidr:dQmr;wox Tsunami > gUYr:edkfr;Wcrx “sunv:mi” no egv;
edamr,pidr:< gzbr;sqcrdI;lfrdI;nnr; edazgr,amr,mKnrgnr>
96 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
amr,”.amr,l/mr:lo; k/wr:y/mr:mnr:> amr,nbrxedv;bqnr< smrxwv;mI:
aicr,snr,noegv; ebv:amr,snr,h/wrxhQcr:nv, nfr:nmrxb/cr,lo/, amr,
bqnrsU,nv:milo;ncr,gwr,> dv,edbqnrmv:ep: sU,nv:minnrx gzbr;
mI:lo/lzcr;lo/d/cr:El; jcr,lo;bqnrmv:> amr,jfr;wv; ebv:mI:aicr,
snr,noegv; t/cr,wv;edbqnrdigr:digr:> gUYr:dI;no;Edx kT;l/dr;
En dI;gQbr;mnr:wv; ep:sU,nv:minox bqnrep:spv,wanrlIgUwr
anramr,ebv:sU;mI: mqw:r nJcr;ywrx>
sU,nv:mi (Tsunami) bqnrscr?
mKwr;l/dr;wv; ep:nmrx sU,nv:minojJcr gUnr:nfr:lUgr;
gmr;nmr pfregv;ed”.tJcryU, wv;mnr:bqnrscr> gUYr:mKcr:anr ed”.
jgr:lIesbKnr;Edx edbqnrgUnr:mKcr:gLv,b/nr,kwrywr;> gzbr;mKcr:
gLv,b/nr,kwrnox goxYv:ep:aicr,snr,El; ep:WnrnmrxsU,nv:minv,
esbKnr; nfr:lUgr;nnr.ywr.> gzbr;mKcr:gLv,b/nr,kwr goxYv:ep:Wnr
nmrxanrnox mv:jqmrmKwr;b/nrlfrEl; pU;lUcrxlQnr,po/,aic,r snr,
kwr jcr,d/cr,bnrjJwr; ep:Wnrnmrxanrnox p/o,gLv,b/nr,wv; ^sU,
nv:mi& noywrx>
“sU,nv:mi” anrwv;nox bqnrmv:gzbr;aicr,snr, nfr:nmrxb/cr,
loo/, anrsnr,hQcr:sucrtJcr 6.2 Rigr.(sr)dv,sgqlr(richter scale)2
jKwr:nnrxesEl; j/cr;bqnrmv: ep:Wnrnmrx sU,nv:minnr.ywr.>
d/cr:lJgrxnmrxsJwr;anraicr,snr,es bqnrmv:sU,mv:minnrx edmI:
Ed, awr 70 gI,lUwr, (kilometer) lUcr:dfr;no.noyU,> mKwr;aicr,
snr,nnrx hqdr:H;nv;linrdfr;nmrxdQgr,c/gr;esywrx kJnr:gJcrxg/crx
2
Rigr,dv, sgqlr (Richter Scale) anrwv;nox bqnrd/cr:hQcr:aicr,snr, anrj/mr:
lo; mKwr;pzcr:dJgrxbqnr aicr,snrnnrxywr;> mKwr;aicr,snr,nfr:nmrxb/cr,lo/,es bqnr
ep:sU,nv:mi (Tsunami)mv:nox dcr:hQcr:mnr: j/mr:lo; 9.0Rigr,dv, lo;wv;hQcr:edx
edx> scrwv;bqnrnKwrlinrebv:nojJcr j/cr;hqdr:H;”inr:dKgr;lUcrbcr:lU.lo;>
az:pgeferf. Ol,ej:rd \ 97
3
สึนามิเรียกตามภาษาญีป่ ุน หมายถึง คลื่นยักษ, อางใน l,bm l6mTbTii,, soyงสือ
สารคดี สึนามิ, สัญญาณเตือนจากโลก, สํานัก พิมพดวงแกว, กรุงเทพฯ
98 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
sJwr;anrbqnraicr,snr,es bqnrmv:sU,nv:miEdx bqnrdI;
nfr:nmrxb/cr,lo/, himr:gunrsumdrxdRv,(Sumatra) mKcr:ainr,dUwr,nI:
sLv:nnr.ywr.> y/nrgomKcr:to:mzgr; 260 gI,lUwr,mI,dv,> wo/:es aicr,
snr, mzgr; 30 minidrxywr.gznr, hQcr:nmrxp/cr,p/br; jcr,mv:tJcrwqcr:
av,ekLO (Ache) anrmI:nfr:gunrsumdrxdRv,nnr.yU,> wo/:esnnrx
mzgr;nJcr;jUwr;mzfcr:bo/ szcrjUwr;mzcr:ywr. WnrnmrxsU,nv:mi jcr,gfv,
tJcrmKcr:himr:Wmr: anredl/dr;gfv,jKwr:nxoywrx>
dI;wqcr:av,ekLO (Ache) anrmI:dI;himr: gunrsum/drxdRv,
nnr. mI:gUnr:do/ mzgr;sQnrs/mrmJnr,nJcr;hqcr (131,000) no.noywr.>
gUnr:anrho/gfv,jzmr:nmrx anramr,hnrdUwrdo/mnr:egv; a/nr,lo/
mKnregv.> lKwresnnrx ycr:mI:pU;w/dr,jqbr: ”wrmJnr,mnr:El; pU;
anrlo;dUgr:d/cr:y/br,pJdr, h/mr:”inr:h/mr:ey: dI;yU,dI;ginr
egv; mI:tQcr;”wrsQnrmnr:gznr,noywr.> mKcr:mel:sLv: (Malaysia)
gUnr:do/ mzgr; 60 bo/El; kUwr:kzcrlU.sumr:dcr:nmr> nT:mKcr:to: gUnr:
do/jzmr:nmrx dcr:mUdr:edmI:mzgr;hv;hqcrbo/> anrho/gfv,jzmr:nmrx anr
amr,hnrdUwrdo/mnr:nnr. edmI:mzgr;s/mrhqcrbo/> anrdo/dI;mKcr:
to:nox gmr;bv;nmr bqnrgUnr:nzgr;mKcr: jKwr:anrel,mKcr: (tourist)
kwrgmr;nmrnoywr.>
mKcr:sI,”wr,(Sri Lanka) mI:gUnr:do/ mzgr;hv;mJnr,bo/< anrho/
gfv,jzmr:nmrx anramr,hnrdUwrdo/mnr: mzgr;s/mrmKnr,bo/< lKwres
nnrx gUnr:jKwr:anrsumr: kUwr:kzcr”inr:ey:es amr,mI:dI;yU,dI;
swr:nnr. a/nr,”wrmJnr,mnr:> mKcr:ainr:DI:yv:(India) mI:gUnr:
do/mzgr;mJnr,bo/< anrhogfv,jzmr;nmrx mI:mzgr;”gr:hqcrbo/< lKwresnnrx
gUnr:anramr,mI: kwr;nmrxd/cr:ginr amr,mI:dI;yU,dnr:swr:jKwr:
nnr. mI:a/nr,”wrmJnr,mnr:> mKcr:emv:DibrxFr(Maldives) mI:gUnr:
do/ mzgr;b/gr,bo/El; mI:kUwr:kzcrlU.sumr:dcr:nmr>
az:pgeferf. Ol,ej:rd \ 99
5
l,bm l6mTbTii,, soyงสือสารคดี สึนามิ , สัญญาณเตือนจากโลก, สํานักพิมพดวงแกว,
กรุงเทพฯล, หนา ๓๖, “การเกิด แผนดินใหว”
102 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
j/gr;yznr;wo/:aicr,snr, bqnrscr (what is aftershock?)
j/gr;yznr;wo/:aicr,snr,anrwv;no. mnr:bqnraicr,snr,
anrnJcr; anrgo.mv:jzmr: wo/:esmI:aicr,snr, anrbqnrh/wr;h/wr;
hQcr:hQcr:gfv, amr,ebv:’icrnnr.ywr.> d/cr:hQcr:mnr:Edx edhQcr:lKwr
esaicr,snr,nnr.En,< amr,bqcr:En, anrwv;nnr.Ed. amr,
j/cr;l/mrr:lo;lIlI> wo/:esaicr,snr, h/wr;h/wr;hQcr:hQcr:gfv,ywrx
nnr. j/gr;yznr;wo/:aicr,snr,no. goxgoxbqnrmv:lo/gmr:yU,> m/crbzgr;
egv; edbqnrszcrs/mrgmr:< m/crbzgr;egv; edj/cr;bqnrlo/lo/gmr:yU,<
gmr;bv;nmrEdx dJnr:bqnrmv:ywrx>
gzbr;nnr wo/:esbqnraicr,snr, nfr:nmrxb/cr,lo/,es yqnr:
bqnrWnrnmrxsU,nv:migfv,ywr.nnr. amr,lIwoxmwrm/crlv:lv:> yznr.
scrno w/o:essU,nv:mibqnrgfv,ywr. amr,ebv:’icrnnr. gzbr;j/gr;
yznr;wo/:aicr,snr, go.go.bqnrmv:jzmr:d/cr:lcrnnr.ywr.>
ekv;lUbr:lcr
ep:spv,wgU;mqwr:no. nmrea,amr,wv; mnr:dJnr:mI:
pznr:jv.mnr:yU,> bKcrnJcr;egv; yznr.wv;bqnr ep:spv,wnonnr.
edbqnrebv,mv:dI;lfr mKwr;lTegv; mnr:amr,l/mr:lo;> amr,jfr;wv;
hwr:amr,yU,jmrnmrxb/cr,lo/, amr,yU,jmrlozFo: amr,j/cr;lIgUwr
scrnoamr,jrf;> yU,jmrnmrxWcr;lqgrxlqgrxaznr,gUYr:egv; wnr:nJcr;
6
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/4136289.stm.
104 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
j/cr;yqnr:bqnr nmrxnzcr:lUcrmv:nnrxywr;> gzbr;nnr yU,dI;lfregv;
dJnr:amr,lIwoxmwrm/crlv:lv:>
mKnrncr, ep:WnrnmrxsU,nv:mI,nox mKwr;aznrd/cr:mnr:
amr,sU;bqnrEl; gUnr:egv;woxmwrm/cr amr,t/cr,tKmrwv;mnr: edbqnr
mv:dI;anrmnr:amr,y/mr;bqnrnoEl; jcr,lo;mI:lzcr;lU.yT,do/
nmrnnr.ywr.>
nfr:k/wr:y/mr:szcrs/mrbImv:nox hwr:edlo;hnrwv; ep:lo/
lo/mqwr: anramr,y/mr;bqnrmv:egv;bqnrmv:ebv,mv:< mKnrjKcrxncr,
ep:nmrxlUgr;< ep:nmrxtUmr;< ep:aicr,snr,< goxgoxebv,bqnrmv:dI;
anramr,dznrxbqnr dznrxebv,nnr.yU,> bKcrnJcr;Ed. edbqnrgzbr;
woxmwrm/cresbqnrmv: mKnrncr,ep:gUnr:lgr. po:mo;jKwr:nnr.es
tQcr;bKcrnJcr;smr. gzbr;bqnrep:spv,wEl; amr,j/cr;h/mr;sI:lo;
es bqnrmv:mKcrncr,ep:nmr.sU.nv:mi lozpo:dQgr, lUmr:lQcr.lUcr
Ed,gfv,jKwr:nnr.ywr.> ep:jKwr:nox amr,jfr;wv; mnr:bqnrmv:ywrx
edamr,bqnrlo;tQcr;noamr,jfr;< mnr:dJnr:j/cr;bqnrmv:tQcr;es
gzbr;nnrlIaznrgnr'/crxsdiwoxyU,> gmr:lJnr:sudr: yznr:sU:wv;
H;aznrgnr g/cr:lzdr;ep:spv,wjKwr:no.lo; gU;jwr.nTwnr:kmr;
esgmr:no ... >
I dedicate this article to those who lost their loved ones,
and properties during the horrible Tsunami destroyed
South East Asia. May their souls live in peace and have a
good rebirth!
Reference:
uGmrf:erf:
wmrfeif,Nofacj;yj;eldofeh.aO umefzj,oej,eh. vmwf;imh;
pAwf:bmyf,wmef,pkdofauj; ayj:vAyf;pAef:pj rD:nmef,wmif:N.ygif,q[
eldofOazj:xrf,raO cwf:q[ygifszqkdif wkdef:vh;zgef:vDvgif;
uwf:bAefwlofq[ ul;z[ref:bl,trf,pmif./ umefzj,oej,eh. trf,
q[;e[:ukefat:OBj:ulnf: tefcof;q[? rldif:oef:wluf:cofauj; cof;q[
vAyf;pAef:sw.sw.oj;oj;bl,bof./ wD;eh; vmh:Oyf:vSif:sv; vmh:
pAwf:Omif; trf,wArfxlef;rlwf:vh;ehauj; P;yAefvmh:tefaeyef
OAef;wmif:urf;zgif;- qldif.eif,oj; umefzj,oej,eh. yAeftD;Oif?
zj,oej,eh. trf,vlduf;ej;? tgif;wD;zj,oej,? cl:Ogefzj,oej,?
Owdyxmef,OD,yldifsv;zgef:vD vh;zj,oej,qldof:eh.bof./
e[:avj:ueh. ulef:wif:OAif; tgefuefpjOAef;wmif: wj,
Oldof:rlef;uwf:bAefwlofq[sv; wmif:zgrf.zAif,uefoh.bl,/ ayj:tof
wmif:pefxkdif ulef:clif:umifoj; wmif:Oldof:rlef;eh. vh;rj:ugyf; clof:cgif?
wlduf;tkwf,wlduf;oj: rD:vlwf.uj: tefxkuf,rSef;q[sv; tmrf: emwf;?
qef.xmef;ulef:? tduf,vlnf;qgrf:ej;apjej;Ndef: ej;umefwj
imef:qldof:eh.ehbl,/ bgef.yldof; rD:vgif;bkrf,brfoh.Eif,eefsv;
coftgefuefOguf;pj wj,P;ayj:vh; vgif;auBj,rlef;uwf:bAefqldof:
eef.bl,bof./
umefzj,oej, \ 107
zj,oej,eh. trf,vlduf;ej;
umefzj,oej,eh. Ndif:rj:wj,ulef:wif:erf aw,tofulef:
pAwf:umef ulef:zmefulef:rD: ulef:ul;cldof:cldof:sv; Oj,Oej,wif:
erfeef.bl,/ umefygifszzj,oej,eh. yAefumefykef;wj, vh;N.ygif,
Ozj,oq[sv; wj,awq[.wdkof:ref:uGj, P;rD:zgef:vD ul;rdlof;ul;cmof:
eef.bof./ q[eh. yAefumuf,aOj: wj,uwf:bAefsv; rh;q[bof./
q[eh. trf,vdluf;cdlof:ulef:? trf,vdluf;Oj,Oej,? z[auj; cwf:q[ygif
sz pAwf:vh;umefzj,oej,eh.bl,bof./
umefzj,oej, \ 109
tgif;wD;zj,oej,
rldof;awzj,oej, rldof;tefpSif:Orj,xdpof:yh,b[,eef. vlduf;
pjwD;zdwf,bAef wD;tefvSyf;awyAefzj,oej,vh; rldefeif,e[:
tgif;egef: e[:pgif;umefqldof:eh. Oifoj;ref:rD:vgif;uwf:bAef pAwf:
wD;v[auj;vh;/ Oifoj;pSif:zj,oej, ref;ukdrf:pSif:b[,rj:qkdif trf,
q[;wD;tefbAefOD,auj; awqmif;pAwf:vh;umefzj,oej,bl,/ ayj:
yAefeefrj:qkdif zj,oej,eh. pAwf:vh;ul;wD;bof./ cmof:bmrf:pAwf:
ref:sw. vgif;pAwf:umefzj,oej,eh. bgef.oj;ref:vlof, vgif;
zdwf,bAefsv; tefvDOkwf:Okwf: umife[qof.qof.yguf;ekdif;? umif
crf; rldof:cmof:ulef:uGj,ulef:rj:bAefeef.auj; pAwf:vh;bl,/
cl:Ogef zj,oej,
ej;umefzj,oej,eh. ugyf;oj;ref:vkduf.vrf,ej, vj;vDpAwf:
uGj,trf,vh;sv; wkdef:vlof,vhh;rD:aOauj.auj. qgh;qD.se Oif,
Ogefsebl,/ wj,vh;cl:zj,oej, tefrD:erf.uwf. wArfwArfxlef;
xlef;eh. trf,imh;imh;/ ulnf:uj; Oifoj;qof;uof, rD:wh:auj.tefbmrf;
pAwf:umefzj,oej,eef.auj;vD? yyf.tefuAof,vlnf; vgif;umefzj,o
ej,eef.auj;vD? xgrf,tofe[:cSyf:qmuf; tefyldef;apj:oh.eef.auj;
vD awyAefvh;wD;ykdif;tdif qof;uof,bl,/ vhm:eif;ref: Oifoj;yAfef
zl;qmh: awvh;eif;cjcGh,ukwf,ehbof./ Oifoj;yAefemif:bdif: eif;
ckyf.cof,auj;vD? eif;cjcGh,ukwf,auj;vDpAwf:vh;bl,/ Oifoj;rD:wmif:
bmyf,zkdwf, eif,HdofawrD:vgif; q[edrfvh;eef. eif;eldofwif,aO
tofwdefbgef,vlif:wmif:w[;ehauj; Orf.vh;bl,/ ulnf;uj; e[:vhm:
eif;qldof:eef. eif;pAwf:Hdofauj;vD vlof,eif;oh. wlofOkdof;Okdof;ulnf:
qif,awOmif,xkuf,/ rldof;zgif:eif;umefeef. awtrf,vh;uef;q[
pSif:zSof? Orf.oh.tlef;zSof? xlnf;q[rmef,rmef, bj;P;xldif:ylef.?
bj,P;z[:ylef./
110 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
Owdyxmef,OD,ydlif
umefzkduf:wgif: vlrf:cof;vlrf:tguf,eh. wD;e[:umefzj,oej,
ujbjekyOfOejeef. ref:yAeftefqkdof;OAifb[, tefulef:Olif
erf tefyldef;tgefuefpAwf:ul;wD;ul;vSeftefekdfif;/ vguf:vmh:zkduf:
wgif:vlrf:cof;vlrf:tguf,eh. Oifoj;pof:eif;vDvDimrf:imrf:bof. aw
vh;vyf:wj tofq[qyf:vlrf:cof;vlrf:tguf, wD;ymuf,cl;vifpof:oh.?
q[pof:awtrf,vh; yefzlif.yefydof Oifoj;ref:vh;ydofuGj,wmif,wD;
auj; awvh;tofrj: qyf:ckdef: wD;cl;vifpof:eef.wduf:wduf:ulnf:/
vlrf:cof;vlrf:tguf, wD;cl;vifpof:eef. rldof;cof;auj;awvh;wgif:?
rldof;tguf,auj;awvh;wgif:? awvh;rmhe[:q[pof:oh.oj; eh.yAefvlrf:
cof;? eh.yAefvlrf:tguf, awvh;wgif:eif,eh/ rldof;zgif:pof:qgrf:wgif:
vlrf:cof;vlrf:tguf,bl,eef. tefyAefq[uof,Oof;oof:vrf udav,Oj,?
Q[avj:z? q[awj:O? Q[arj:pqldof:eh. uwf:uGj,oh.qlof;uSyf.qlof;urf:
bgef.yldof;q[udav,Oj, cmwf,uGj,qlof;uSyf.qlof;urf:sv; q[pof:eh.
uwf:bAefrj: qlof;uSyf.qlof;urf:? Oifoj;ref:xmwf,vh;wj,aO,auj;
awuwf:bAefwj,aO,eef.bof./
xSif;yldifekdif;sw. yAefvhm:wlnf:uj,bj,ekyOfOej, vhm:
wlnf:qgrf:rldof;uGj,? rldof;udef? rldof;egef:qldof:eef.bof./ ref:ygif,oj;
rldof;pof:uGj,eef.auj; awvh;wgif:oj; uGj,bof;? bkuf.wdefbof;? bmif;
bof;? wrf:bof;awvh;tofvhm:eh. pAwf:wduf:wduf: awj,ayj:xkdfif
cmof:bmrf:yhzmh; (qifur) ayj:OAif;/ rldof;udefauj;awj;eef bdyf:
urf:cof;bof;? bkuf.rkdof:bof;? udefbof;ehwduf:wduf: awj,ayj:udef
bof./ rdlof;egef: auj;awj;eef awvh;wgif:qgrf: eif,uj;pof:wlif.
pof:ekdif awj,cmof:bmrf:ayj:rlwf:eef.bof;/ vldofaOeef. awvh;
tofvhm:xmwf;OD,yldif tefoj;xmwf;vdef? xmwf;erf.? xmwf;vlrf:?
xmwf;zh:qldof:eef.aO sz;wdlef:? ygif,oj; edlofxmwf;OD,yldifqldof:
eef. awvh;tofvhm: vuf.cej,Omrfyldif tefoj;tedqf.q? wkuf.
c? tewf.wqldof:eef.aO sz;wldef:ehbl,/
umefzj,oej, \ 111
zgef:vD vh;zj,oej,
ulef:eh. rmif.pdyf;ej,? tofvhmvgif;vhmwmif:aO wj,awvh;
wmif:auBj,rlef;Oldof:sv; wmif:uwf:bAefeef. sc.cAif,uefbl,wj,
aO,/ ugyf;eef vDvh;zkduf:ygifsz umefzj,oej,eh.bl,aw.bof./
zgef:vDzj,oej,eh. rD:bl,wif:erf –
1. e[:ej;umef ul;oef:rldif:ulef:eef. zj,oej,eh. qgh;xSrf
au;chwmif:bmyf,zdkwf,sv; wj,vh;Omuf;Oj,vlrfq[urf;zgif;/
umefzj,oej, \ 113
acj;cgwf,bgwf;
qgrf:eif, tefvh;Oyf:vSif:serj: umefzj,oej,wif:erf
qldof:eh. ukdif,wmef,z[tAefpSif:ref: ygifyAefvh;vmh:qldif.pkdofauj;
xkuf,vDftofpSif:Owf.xj, tefr[,qkdef;? wmif:cwf:q[vD? Owdtef
arjolef.rSef;? Orj,xdtefrD: vgif;q[edrfqldof:eef.aO vlduf;tof
cmof:bmrf: tefOmif,xkuf,ukdif,tmyf;eef.aOsv; vDtgefuef
cwf:q[ ygifsz;zj,oej,uGj,bl,bof./ umyf;ymefawj;vAofeh. umef
wj,awpAwf:rD:erfej, Orf.ayj:Okuf.Omuf.bl,wj,aO,eef.bof./
ulnf:uj; ej;umefrmif.eSwf;wmef,HdofaOwj.auj; e[:su;umifzo
116 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
ap;pD;ap;pmh:qldif.eheh. vDomif:qlof;cmof:uSyf.urf:aO yefcmof:bmrf:
pAwf:umefzj,oej,bl,/ vgif;Okuf.Omuf.vlifrldif:ulef:eh. ayj:oj;yh,
vl.yh,wmhehqkdif ref:wkdef:trf,rD:cmof:bmrf:wef:aOyguf;/ ulnf:uj;
tefyAefOzj,oedbj,r tefref:yAefbl,wj,aO, rldefeif, vgif;
xof;? vgif;yAef? vgif;whmqldof:eh.sw. tofikdef:tofcrf:vlifaO uGj,
q[.ukdwf:oh.auj; ref:trf,q[;vgif;ref:? tgefuefolef.pef vgif;
wmif:qldof:eef.aO rldof;reff:yh,wef:eh. P;teftgefuef wlof;
wef:xj;ref:oh.tgefwmif: ul;auj.ul;ulef:aOurf:eh .../
zdkeftdif
1. Bhikkhu Piyananda, Gems of Buddhist Wisdom; Why
Meditation, Taiwan, 1996.
2. Jack Kornfield, Living Buddhist Master, Sri Lanka,
1977.
ulef:OD,auj.
jwr;nRinr,d kmr:yzdr;
gf/mr:nmr:
nT:ligr;Wmrdzmrno. jzmr:ncr,lo;d/cr,jJwr;mnr:wv; ^gUnr:&
nonnr. gzbr;bKwr;mnr:lmr,lzcr;nv, dv,gUnr:hwr:gU;egv.egv. gU;dI;
gU;lQnrEl; jzmr:ncr,dUwUnr.lo;El; anrlo;lqbr;hqnr:mv:dcr:
nmr nT:bbr.tmr:jwr;El; d/cr,bbr.d/cr,pJnrjKwr:nnr. ed
edv.do,ko;En pU;lUligr;hwr:kwryU,> yznr.nnr dI;nT:ligr;Wmr
dzmraznrno. edl/dr;EnlKcr;spv,wgUnr:< gUnr:sI,egv. anr
Cpv:bqnrjwr;ehv:wo.El; dUcr,wKcr:gUnr:hwr: jKwr:nnr.ywr.>
spv,wgUnr:
ebv:awrgf/mr:kU:lqbr;hqnr: po/,dUcr,wUcr:gUnr:kwrwv;jJcr gUnr:
hwr:no. ^bqnrsdr: anremvyU,jzmr:mugr.jzmr:egv&noywr.> bKcrdQgr;
mnr: yU,jzmr:nv;”inr:dvey:< jzmr:pUwrjzmr:em:< bqnrw/nr;bqnr
sUnrnonnr.ywr.> gUnr:hwr:nox yU,gUYr:egv.lqwr dJnr:amr,bqnr
lo;> dv,pwjwr;gwr, edjugr:mnr;lo;nnr. lzcr;g/nrdUcr.nJcr
kwr;Eg;azgr,g/crbKnr;nnr. Ew;amr,lzdr;lo;< dJnr:edlo;hqdr:
yU,amr,h/cr.> scrwv;jwr;gwr,gfv,dUgr:esdI;dI; anramr,mI:aUYr:
egv.aUYr:es;< amr,mI:bI;nzcrx< amr,mI:nv;g/nr dv,hqdr:s/cr;<
amr,mI:”cr:hqnr:jqmrjKwr:no.jJcr gUnr:egv.nnr. “.wv;mnr:ed
amr,mI:lzcr;d/cr:sKwr:jfrlo;esamr,gv: d/cr:jzo;tQmregv; mnr:ed
118 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
amr,mI:yU,ywr.> bKcrnJcr;egv; gUnr:hwr:no. ebv:awrspv,wmnr:wv;
dJnr:sUcryU,jzmr:gnrywr.> mKnrncr, hqdr:bqnrnv;”inr:dvey:lT<
bqnrmugrxbqnregvlT< bqnrw/nr;bqnrsUnrlT< Wcr;g/nrEl; dI;hqnr:
awrd/cr:”.d/cr:emvlTjKwr:no. bqnrdI;anrlo;yU,jzmr:gnrgUYr:
gUYr:ywr.>
lzcr;gUnr:hwr:yU,swr: bqnrmugr.bqnregvjKcr.nono. bqnrgzbr;m/omI;
lgr:nmr:es yU,jzmr:gnrlo;noegv; amr,jfr;ncr,gwr,> gUYr:gv;
lzcr;bqnrjKcr.nono. dJnr:bqnrspv,wgUnr:hwr:El; ebv:bqnrgUnr:
mv:egv; dJnr:mI:g/crjfr kfr;yU,bqnrmugr.bqnregvmv:nnr.ywr.> spv,
w anrgUnr:hwr:yU,jzmr:gnr< mI:nv;g/nr< mI:ekv;yKcr:a/nr: mKnr
gnrnnr. Wcr.wv; @dUcr,wKcr:gUnr:# noes kunrmKcr:egv.lfr< jwr;
a/mr:n/dr;lUcregv.lfregv; amr,mv:yv.lQwrlo;> dUcr,wKcr:gUnr:no.
ebv:mv:dUYr:awr g/br;b/nry/mr:lqwrno.wv;jJcr mI:l/ojnr.lo/
t/nr;wo.> ed,awrnv;”inr:dvey:< Wcr;g/nr< dI;sznrd/cr:emv
(”cr:hqnr:)< mugr.egv anrgqwr,lUYr;pv,sv,< sv,snv,jKwr:no. lo;
wv;bqnrdUcr,wKcr:gUnr:noywr.>
gUnr:jKwr:anryU,nfr:dUcr,wKcr:jKwr:no. dv,pwkwredjugr:lo;<
edkJnr;yfr,lo;nnr. kwrlo;kqcr,bJcr;aicrgnr< jzo;tQmrgnr< emvhqdr:
bnrpznr:lIedv,gnrkJnr:gznr, pwkwrEl;dUcr,wKcr:kwr jcr,ed
kJbr;nv;lo;ywrx> bzcr,wv; gUnr:hwr:gU;egv.egv.no. lzcr;kJnr;yfr,El;
lzcr;yUbr;yzmr:mnr:nnr. awrp/dr,y/nrgnr dcr:lzcr;kJnr;yfr,
El; lzcr;yUbr;yzmr: dUcr,wKcr:mnr:nnr. dJnr:amr,lo;> dUcr,wKcr:
gUnr:nJcr;anrno. ebv:gUnr:anryU,nfr:mnr:nnr. kJnr;yfr,gznr,
jcr,edlo;wv; dUcr,wKcr:nnr.kJnr;yfr,noywr.> scrwv; gUnr:anr
yU,nfr:mnr:nnr. yUbr;yzmr:ebv:nojJcr dUcr,wKcr:anrnnr.egv;
edwv;yUbr;yzmr:noyU,ywr.> yznr.nnrEl; gUnr:hwr:no. bunr;
pznr:anrlUwr,hqdr:nnr. mI:wo.szcrbKcr> bKcrnJcr;Ed. bqnrdv,bUgr:
ulef:OD,auj. \ 119
gUnr:sI,egv.
gqwr,lUYr;lzcr;no. nT:acrgudrdRnigvy jdugrgnibvd<
asURwgrg< swvlvdsudr;nnr. budr.tjwr;Enwo. gUnr:sI,
t/nr; jzmr:ncr,dI;dT;no.ywr.-
1. gUnr:egv.anr amr,emvhqdr:bnrpznr:lI dv,dUwrgwr, El;
dv,bKnr;>
2. gUnr:egv.anr emvhqdr:bnrpznr:lI dv,bKnr;l/ol/oes
amr,emvhqdr:dv,dUwrgwr,>
3. gUnr:egv.anr emvhqdr:bnrpznr:lI dv,dUwrgwr,l/ol/oes
amr,emvhqdr:dv,bKnr;>
4. gUnr:egv.anr emvhqdr:bnrpznr:lI dv,dUwrgwr, El; dv,
bKnr;< bqnrsI,egv.no.ywr.>
egv.m/onJcr;nnr. budr.tjwr;wv; mnr:mKnrbzdr:pJnr: d/mr
h/cr.anrpwrgUnr:do/ anrcwr;El;bo/mnr: mo;wo.dcr:szcrpo/,es
amr,lIyibr:lIgmr< lKwresnnr. bzdr:g/crsmr.nugr:gUwr;wo. anr
hcr;anrwUYr, mnr:amr,kwr;d/cr:dJwr: dI;lTnnr.ywr.> nT:gv;
gUnr:sI,egv.nnr. egv.mo/szcr gLv.dznr:esegv.mo/nJcr;< egv.mo/
s/mrsmr.gLv.dznr:es egv.mo/nJcr;El;mo/szcr> egv.mo/sI,smr. gLv.
dzn:r lKwresbKnr;nnr.ywr.> gUnr:egv.mo/sI,no. bqnregv.anrlI
a/mr:eav:esbKnr;< bqnrgUnr: jnr.sucresbKnr;< bqnregv.anr
gdr.kQnr,esbKnr;< bqnregv.anr emvyibr:dJwr:pwmnr: H;mI:
pznr:lIlKwrbKnr;ywr.>
budrxtjwr;wv; pwgUnr:no. mnr:lo;y/br,nv,noywr.>
lzcr;wv; mnr:lo;y/br,nv,anrwv;nnr. mnr:jwr; awrkqmrszcrm/gr;
120 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
es hqdr:bKcrdQgr;mnr:wo.< m/gr;nJcr;nnr. awrmKwr:wo.nKwrg/crh/wr
es dv,m/gr,nJcr; smr.awrbgr:wo.nKwrncrlinrmKcr:es bzo,jU:gnr
jJcr bo/kqmrszcrm/gr;nnr. kvycr:j/cr;dKwr.gnrrlo;yU,> gUYr:gv;
dv,edlo;mv:pw gUnr:no.Ed. y/br,lKwres anrkqmrszcrm/gr;
eddKwr.Yv:gnrnnr.Ed.Ed.noywrx> yznr.nnrEl; lo;pw
gUnr:mv:ywr. ebv:amr,emvdJwr: H;kJnr:bqnrpznr:lIdv,jwr;gwr,
El; dv,dUcr,wKcr: anrmnr:yU,nnr.jJcr pwmnr:nnr.egv; mKnr
pwgfzcrFo: anrjudr,gUnr:do/nnr.gUYr:noywr.> gzbr;nnr sunr,
lo;sunr,bqnrlI pwjwr;gwr, anrlo;mv:nnr. lUwr,emvjfr.dJwr: H;
mnr:mI:gv;mI:knrnnr.ywr.>
dUcr,wUcr:hwr:
dI;no; pU;dQmr;ligr; kfr;sJbr,l/dr;En gUnr:numr,hwr:kwr
yU,> nfr:mKcr:hwr:nox y/mr:lqwryznr.pznr:ho/.jv. anrbKnr;egv,
s/cr; bJnr:pidr:mv:nnr.El; lugr;aznr,hwr:mKwr;no. gmr;nmrnmr
bqnrgUnr:amr,mI:d/cr:yKcr:a/nr:k/wr:nv;< bqnrgUnr:gfcrd/cr:no
ywr.> lugr;aznr,wnr:mKwr;no. edgKdr,egv;amr,mI:”cr:yv< gKdr,mv:
ywr. amr,mI:”cr:hqnr: dv,sznrawrd/cr:emv< g/mr,lIEl; lo;kJnr;
”cr:hqnr:egv; amr,mI:kU:sznr anremvgf/mr:hwr:lIlIes sznrbnr
lugr;aznr,hwr:kJnr:> scrwv; lUwr,lo;emvligr; H;ebv:bqnrgUnr:
jnr.sucregv; lugr;aznr,hwr:nJcr;egv.no. edlo;lqbr;hqnr:pv,
sv,< gf/mr:l/dr;< ligr;l/o:< Ficr;tucr:bKnr;gznr, jcr,edj/cr;emv
ligr;es bqnrgUnr:jnrxsucrmv:lo;ywr.> gzbr;bKwr;nnrEl; dv,H;
pwlugr;aznr,hwr:wnr:mKwr;no. edemvbUgr:bzcrpwjwr;gwr,kJnr;yfr,
es hqdr:g/nrpznr:lIbnrbKnr;nnr. “.mI:d/cr:y/br,pJdr,ed.
Ed.>
lKwresnnr.amr,gv: y/mr:lqwr nfr:mKcr:hwr:no. bqnrb/cr
yv;< b/crlwr;< b/credv,b/crlzcr:< b/crmUnr;egLv,yU,gmr;nmrgUYr:
ulef:OD,auj. \ 121
ekv;lUbr:
gmr:lJnr:sudr: H;lugr;aznr,hwr:kwrwnr:mKwr;no. emvbzcr,jT
gv;knrpw< emvyibr:dJwr:pw anrlo;y/br,lo;yqnr:mv:nnr.es
kdr:jfrsznrawrd/cr:emv< kJnr:bUgr:bzcrlzcr;kJnr;yfr,dUwrgwr,< ebv:
lzcr;kJnr;yfr,dUwrgwr,nnrxdqmrtUnr;ywrx kdr:jfrH;bqnr egv.anr
emvjoz;tQmrnv;g/nrgUnr:dcr:nmr< nv;g/nrdUcr,wKcr:hwr:El; H;
bqnregv.anr emvbUgr:bfzcrjKwr.j/dr;jwr;gwr,kJnr:nnr. yT,yT,nmr
nmresgmr:no pU;dQmr;ligr; yU,dI;gunrh/cr;lIaznr, nfr:b/cr,l/o,
ainr:dI:yv:no.es dJgr:sUnr:mv:ncr,no…>
Oj,Oej,ykwf.xsv;
vkrf;'j.rldof;vAof
qof;awodefw OSifcrf:
uGmrf:erf:
rldof;zl;wSrf;vduf;sw,Mwf;zSofrj: wD;rldif:OD,Nof,eh. trf,yh,
rD:bldif:tmef: wj,awwSrf;rl,vduf; vlif:e[:yyf.cmof:wmif:OD,Nof,?
bgef.yldof;qof;uof, trf,yh,rD:wlofxlyf:umefpAef: wD;rldif:OD,Nof,tD;
Oifeef.bof./ zldof,vh;rj:tkyf,uef wif:qof;ygifumefyyf.cmof:
wmif:OD,Nof,coffeef. vh;N.oj; e[:yD<eh.rl,vduf;pmrf.rD:at,oh.eh
auj;yldifekdif;? bgef.qof;yD;qof;egif.cofauj; vmwf;oj; tdifeldofykdef.
xmefumefpAef: rldif:rmef;rD:oh.eef.auj; wSrf;vh;bl,ehsv; qif,
vh;cwf:q[wSrf;rj: vduf;Mrfwgrf tefO[,Nofacj;oj; ]]Oj,Oej,ykwf.
xsv; vkrf;'j.rldof;vAof}} eheh.bof./
e[:vduf;Mrfwgrftgef,Nofeh. awOyf:vSif:sevgif; iof;
sw,Oj,Oej,ykwf.x? vgif;ckdef;b[, e[:vluf;rldof;vAof? yefpjymh:q[
ulef: e[:vluf;bmrf:vAof? wgef;umefOj,Oej,ykwf.xqoff; e[:vluf;
rldof;vAof? cmof:bmrf:vDxD.Okwf: ehqldof:eh.sw,uGj,bl,/
iof;sw, Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;
ulef:Nofrlef:qd'j. e[:vluf;wif:OAif;eh. z[trf,z[auj;
awrD:rldof;Oldof:sv; rldof;cDbl,/ trf,oj;rkefqof; ulef:Ndef: ckefrldif:
ulef:rD: ulef:zmef zl;bdif: ulef:qmh: wdkef:rD:rldof;cDsv; rldof;Oldof:
124 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
pif:z[pif:ref:bof./ ckefOkduf:vlif tAefpSif:b[,wmef,Hdofauj;bof.
awrD:oef:ref: cDiofMef.rh;bl,/ ulef:bgef:ulef:zmefcmefq[
wmef,Hdofauj;bof. awrD:oef:ref: vh;Oldof:rlef;bl,eif,uof,/ qgrf:
eif,vgif;wmif:qldof:eh.aOsv; rldof;zgif:aej,qof;ykwf.x wkduf.
yAefzoqof;qmh:Odwf.wx eif;pmif;eif;apjbl,eef. aej,qof;
ayj:vh;xlyf:wif: avj:uxrf,tefeh.rj:bof./ ugyf;aej,qof;ole.f
oj; ayj:rD:vgif;Oldof:auj; awrD:vgif;cD? ayj:rD:vgif;cDauj; awrD:vgif;
Oldof:ehsv; eif;bl,eldofpmif;eldofapjoh.auj; trf,ayj:rD:wmif:Oldof:
q[/ yduf.Orf. vh;bl,eldofapjcmof:uwf: apjcmof:rh; apjcmof:zlefaO
vh;cmrf,wif:emif:pmif;vDqmif;uj; arjzAif:cof rlef;q[yefbl, oef:
oef:ckdef:ckdef:auj; aej,qof;trf,rD:wmif:Oldof:q[vh;aOcmof:/
ugyf;trf,rD:wmif:Oldof:q[aO c[;pjvgif;uwf:bAefqfGsv;
qof;qif,tguf,uGj,sv, wD;OlefOldof:/ Orf.vh;rldof:pefO[,xSif; ed
rdwf;OD,yldif tefyAefulef:xof; ulef:yAef ulef:wmhsv; Orf.cSef:rj:
xdyf,wgif;cgif.crf P;aej,qof; ayj:trf,yAefudefyAefegef:bof./
aej,qof;olef.oj; ayj:rD:wD;rh;cDauj; wD;vgwf;ylef.ref: awrD:bl,
ehsv; tguf,q[c[;pjOAef;wmif:ref:rj:/ zldof,vh;Nyf.nj:qof;I
pmef:wlefekdif; eif;zj,oej,edrfOof:oh.eef. q[qof;qif,ykdwf,
ymif,vSif:rj:aO wSyf:wwf:q[ wj,awyhqgrf:OAef;wmif:tefeh./
aej,qof;olef.oj; vlof,vh;Oguf;pjiof;pmuf; wkuf.cyAefayj,ehbof./
vgif;tefaej,qof;Oguf;pj iof;pmuf;wkuf.ceh. yAefwlofbmif, vD
wgef; wj,pof:sw.sw./
aej,qof;cmrf,qkef.ySwf; omef;rldif:pmif;apj vkuf;vmif:
emif:ar:aObof. cof;xldef,uGj,uBmif.urfTwj:/ bgrf:ySwf;rj,eqof;
ckefaObof. yj:wif:Oydwf;tgef,aO sv,pjwkif:Ogrf:udeftof/
awj.sw.Okif:wmif:udeftj:pmIf vgifwgif.vgifOh;ulnf:aO cwf:q[
umefTwj:/ cof;ql:wD;cl:oj:vmhvmhqof;/ uBmif.wlnf:vmh:tlef; vmh:cSif
Oj,Oej,ykwf.xsv; vkrf;'j.rldof;vAof \ 125
3. egv.anrbYr,Yv,g/cr: amr,hnrd/cr:ZJwr;ZT;
gUnr:egv.anr amr,mI:bYr,Yv, d/cr:”.d/cr:emvnnr.egv;
mKnrgUnr:do/ncr,gwr,ywr;> bYr,Yv,anrwv;no. mI:wo.bYr,Yv,”.
El;bYr,Yv,emvnoszcrbKcr> anrno.bqnrlzcr;lI anrnnr.bqnr
lzcr;ho/.< g/nranrno.lIhqdr: g/nranrnnr. amr,lIhqdr:nojKwr:
no. scrwv;emvZgr:EpdUYr:es “.hnrlIlIc/mr:c/mr:nnr. bqnr
bYr,Yv,”.ywr;> bYr,Yv,anremvhqdr:emvs/cr; emvdQmr;emvmo/
emvsJwr.emvk/oEd,gfv,ZKwr:nnr.Ed. bqnrbYr,Yv,emvywr;> bYr,
Yv,szcrmqwr:no. edlo;gJgr:Wmr:Zzmr:gnrdv,es,< mKnrZKcr.ncr, kI;
k/br,(sI;k/br,no. bqnrkKcr;mo.bUgr, pv,kJcr;g/cres hqdr:bqnrkJcr;ho, dzo,
jzmr:gzcrmzcr:< j/dr;sQcr:< amr,nnr awrlzgr,nUgr.)nnr.ywr. mI:
p/o,lqwrgUYr:no. dUbr:amr,lcrlo;> bYr,Yv,no.egv; mKnrnnr
ncr,gwr, mI:bYr,Yv,mqwr:lqwgr UYr:no. amr,tJcrdI; ywr.dUwr;lo;>
emvywr.lUwr,”.hnrwUnr.Zzmr:< “.ywr. lUwr,emv“mr;Wmr:hqdr:s/cr;>
Zzmr:ncr, lznr.mznr:gf/mr:mI:wo. ^ebv:mI:bYr,Yv, gv;yT,nv,
aznrgfv,dI;gdr:yqnr& nonnr. bYr,Yv,no. Z/cr;H;pwb/nr
gUnr: yT,mv;gv;sucrh/cr;lIp/crc/mr: Z/cr;bnrlzcr;gdr:yqnr gUnr:
hwr:Ed.Ed.wv;wv;ywr;> ebv:wv;amr,mI:bYr,Yv,ZJcr mKnrgnrdcr:
gUnr:dvmzdr,ywr;> hwr:kfr;hqdr:krf;s/cr; krf;gfv,krf;bod/cr:lTegv; ebv:
amr,mI:gUnr: aznr“wrtUwr:nv;hwr:ZJcr amr,Z/cr;gfv,j/cr;bo< amr,
Z/cr;tJcr dI;anrkJnr;s/cr.dKwr:dznr:lo;> yznr.bKwr;nnr gUnr:
hwr:no. ebv:amr,mI:bYr,Yv,ZJcr bigr.smr.wv; mI:dUwrmI:ZTyU,egv;
mKnrncr,gUnr:do/ywr.>
zowmh Omhq[yh,cmwf, \ 135
4. egv.anrnI;nmrnv, amr,lo;sv,ZTekv:
gUnr:mI:nI;mI:kzdr,nmrnv,no.egv; mKnrgUnr:do/ncr,gwr,
ywr;> budr.tZwr;ehv:wo. ^amr,mI:nI;mI:kzdr,no. bqnrlzcr;gdr:
yqnrmqwr:nJcr;&wv;no> ebv:awrgf/mr:s/nrkdr:mnr:wv;ZJcr ^mI:nI;
mI:kzdr,no. lo;mo;ZTlKdr,ZTnv,& noegv; wv;lo;ywr.> ebv:wv;bqnr
gUnr:mI:nI;mI:kzdr,ZJrcr dv,edlo;bnrnI;bKnr;nnr.egv; hvekvekv<
dv,edZT.Zo/,sucr:dJw:r gU;mJwr.gU;wnr:nnr.egv; lo;kdr:ZTtQcr;
dI;nJcr; hqdr:noWnr.Wnr.mo;mo;yU,gU;wnr:ywr.> scrwv;nI;nnr.
a/nr,”wrb/gr,sQnrmnr:ZJcr dv,bo/:m/gr;mI: edczgr;kJnr;mv:nnr.
bqnry/br,mI:y/br,Ed.Ed.ywr;> gumr,mJcr.hvdQnr: bnrnI;yU,gUYr:
El; ebv:aJdr:lo;”:d/cr:Wcr, bzcr,bQdr;”:d/cr:Z/nr: hqdr:nobqnr
noyU,digr:digr:es hvmKwr;Wmrlo;simr:lo; kUwr:kzccr Jnr:kmr: amr,
Z/cr;mI:esbzgr;> yznr.nnrEl; gUnr:mI:nI;mI:kzdr,nmrnv,nnr.
bigr.smr.wv; mI:dUwrmI:ZTyU,egv; mKnrncr,gUnr:do/ywr.>
5. egv.anrbqnrkv;”inr: gU;wnr:kJnr:yU,gQbr;
gUnr:egv.anr bqnrkv;”inr:bKnr;es lo;yU,gQbr;ginr:kinrZT
nnr.egv; mKnrgUnr:do/ncr,gwr,ywr;> nT:elv:glUcrno. pU;lTpT
egv; amr,krf;yU,dT; lzcr;kI,nqgr:dqgr:dqcr esegv.esgUnr:< krf;yU,
lzdr;lQwr: sv,yv,lUmrZTlznr.lznr.> gUnr:hwr:gU;egv.egv; tugr,
lo;yU,lzdr;lQwr: Zzmr:bgr:bKcr hcr:pThcr:mnr:yU,> gUnr:egv.anr
lo;bqnrkv;bKnr;no. dJnr:edlo;hqdr:Zzmr: ncr,g/crrZTbKnr;krf;bqnr
nnr.yU,ywr;> @@anrno. bqnrdUwrgwrZTgwraKwr;< ebv:gwrkrf;hqdr:
egv; gwredhqdr:< ebv:gwramr,krf;hqdr:egv; gwredyU,gfv;## anrwv;
nnr. dJnr:amr,bqnrlo;lv:lv:> dUwrhwr:ZThwr:egv; amr,bKcr,lo;<
amr,mI:lzcr;lzdr;lQwr:> ebv:wv;hwr:amr,lo; lzcr;lzdr;lQwr:ZJcr
Z/cr;sJbr,bqnrmv: lzcr;amr,sKwr:ZT< ebv:amr,lo; lzcr;sKwr:ZTegv;
136 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
amr,mI:aqnrhQcr:< ebv:amr,mI:aqnrhQcr:ZJcr g/crZTanrkrf;hqdr: krf;
s/cr;krf;lo;kfr;bqnrnnr.egv; amr,ebv,bqnrmv:> lKwresnnr. amr,
ZJwr;wv; bqnrkv;”inr:gUYr: lo;k/mr,kI;sUmr;ZKcr.no gUnr:Z/wr:kKwr:
anr lo;bqnrkI;kv;bKnr;< lo;k/mr,bKnr;kI,nqgr:dqgr:dqcr gU;ZKwr.gU;
bKcrnnr.egv; amr,Z/cr;kJnr;yT,dKwr:dznr:ncr,gwr,> yznr.bKwr;
nnr gUnr:egv.anr lo;bqnrkv;bKnr;es lo;k/mr,bKnr;dqgr:dqcryU,
wnr:wnr:kJnrkJnr:nnr.egv; bigr.smr.wv; mI:dUwrmI:ZTyU,egv; mKnr
gUnr:do/ncr,gwr,ywr;>
6. egv.anrk/nr.aKnrnv, amr,hqdr:dv,dKwr:dznr:
gUnr:egv.anr k/nr.aKnrnv, bUnr.dI;bUnr.lQnres amr,
hqdr:amr,hvscrnnr.egv; mKnrgUnr:do/ncr,gwr,ywr;> nT:elv:g
no. g/nrbo/:m/gr;mI:El; bo/:bYr,Yv,szcranrno. kJgr.kmr,lmr,lzcr;
Ed.Ed.wv;wv;> budr.tZwr;ehv:wo.wv; ^nT:elv:gno. kUwr:kzcrcJnr:
kmr: anrhqdr:hvawr Zzmr:wzcr,Cdv:nnr. lo;y/br,nv,nv,> ywr.
egv; kUwr:jKwr:nnr. scrwv;mnr:lo;mv:no hqdr:H;tugr,ZTmQnr;ZT
sKwr:ZTEd.Ed.&noywr.> anrpU;dQmr;ligr;hnrtJcr lzcr;lo;
y/br,lKwrtQcr;mqwr:nJcr;Zmr. bqnrbYr,Yv,> yznr.bKwr;nnrg/nr
ZKwr:no. ebv:wv;hvZzmr:Cdv: amr,gUdr.amr,lQnrZJcr lo;y/br,bqnr
y/br,Ed.> Zzmr:ncr,gf/mr:tucr:mI:wo.wv; ^hqdr:loz:loz: ”.lo;< ko;loz:
loz: ”.Yv:&nonnr. edlo;bnrk/wr:y/mr:es kdr:ZThqdr:hvawr
loz:loz:yU,ywr;> g/nranrZ/cr;yzcr;bnr H;pwgUnr:hwr: kJnr;
s/cr.dKwr:dznr:lo;nnr. hqdr:bzgr;nJcr;gUYr:Ed. amr,sU;azcr,
lo;> edlo;dmr:jTdmr:ekv: kdr:jTEd.Ed.eshqdr:gznr, jcr,
edj/cr;bqnrmv:lo;> edlo;hqdr:digr:digr: bzgr;nJcr;amr,bqnregv;
szcrbzgr;< szcrbzgr;amr,bqnr s/mrbzgr; ebv:hqdr:nnrjJcr wnr:nJcr;
edj/cr;bqnrmv:yU,> ebv:wv;k/nr.aKnryU,ZJcr cJnr:kmr:< bYr,Yv,
dv,edkJnr;s/cr.dKwr:dznr:ZKwr:nnr. gJdr:wo.bQdr;es edamr,
zowmh Omhq[yh,cmwf, \ 137
pJnraicr-
1. dI,knigv,y< bbr.szcr < bKcrsdrt< gmr,pv,ea:< dv;gucr;<
2003>
2. acrgudrdR nigvy< bbr.nJcr;< bKcrsdrt< gmr,pv,ea:<
dv;gucr;< 2003>
3. acrgudrdR nigvy< jdugrgnib/dr< bKcrsdrt<
gmr,pv,ea:< dv;gucr;< 2003>
4. jwr;nnr,dwmr,sbinr,dQmr;< elvgnI,di< mzgr,gU,szo;lQcr<
dv;gucr;<1999>
5. jwr;Csv,lUcrmKcr:nzcr< sicr,gv,elv:wv,D lcr,gv,< bid
g/dr;< 1999>
q[pefsi.vD sv; q[pefsi.qj.
lznr.b/o: sI,ebv.
12
Positive Action Plan p. 151.
13
You and Your Problems, p. 159.
14
The Power of Your Sub-conscious Mind, p. 27.
144 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
nnrxywrx> 15 yznrxnnranrhqdr:H;hwr: smrxebv:amr,emvjfr.dJwr:
azgr:eaves gumr,hvb/o;jzgrxmUgr:jqcr, dI;anramr,hnr s/olQdr,s/o
wnr: h/nrxedv,y/mr:nox cwr;h/gr;lUcrmnr: anrnJcr;Edx bqnrlzcr;
anr @lzgr,gnr#noegv; Ek:edamr,pidr:> g/nrlzgr,gnrnox mnr:
mKnrgnrdcr: hwr:awrjKwrxpnr: @gUwrEh# pcrsfr,nfr:azgr:eavgnr
nnrxywrx> anrpU;dQmr;ligr; kT;sbr:lQcr:En lzcrgUwrnox amr,jfr;
El;wv; k/mr;bUnrxnfr:tmr: budrxtjwr;amr,jfr; edv.EdxkJnr:Em:
jI.jmr;En lo/:jfr.dJwr: H;mnr:tugr,mQnr; dI;mnr:nnrxgUYr:>
ahIRig< anzdrdbrb d/cr:gUwrd/cr:a/o anrbudrtjwr; scr,sznr
woxnnrx dI;lIgUwrjcr,gUwr< dI;lIa/ojcr,a/o mnr:amr,lUwr,gfv,gUwr
gfv,a/obQdr;es gU;dI;gU;lQnr> lKwresnnrx anrlIgUwrsmrx amr,gUwr
anrbqnrlzcr;lIa/osmrx amr,a/onoxegv;gxoj/cr;mI:yU,> gmr;pzcr;
hqnr:ligr;hwr:egv;gUwr nucr;kUwr:hwr:egv;gUwr l/dr;gf/mr:hwr: egv;
ycr:gUwrlU:gznr,> yznrxnnr ebv:edlqbr;hqnr:dUYr: cwr;h/gr;lzcr;
gUwrnox bqnrg/nr @lzgr,H;gUwr# dcr;Ed,jqmrmKwr;lqgrxmKwr;lQcrnnrx
ywrx> 16 nfr:lzcr;lzgr,gnrnox H;ebv:kwr;jfrco/;nnrx lo;jQgr,Epwox
bqnrs/mrb/nr>
b/nrtUnr;nJcr; b/nraznrd/cr:sudr: Ed,awrjqmrmKwr; gKdr,
hnrnv;mv: h/nrxedv,ebv:emvl/dr;gf/mr: azbr;azbr;aQbr;aQbr;
aidr:azdr:> nfr:jUwr;b/nrnox ebv:lugr;aznr,goxho; @ho;mv;-Ea,yQmr#x
no ebv;Em;mnr:goxEl,lzgr,wv; ^aKwr;! ho;El;mfr: mfr:amr,gUwrEn,
mUcr:dvlQwr mUnrxkwr;g/crsUd,r mKwr:bzcr,b/crpQdr;wv, mfr:ko;”.egv;
dqdr,El; ebv:mfr:gUwregv;& noes lugr;aznr,egv; yznrxbKwr;gUwr
El; lo;dqdr,yqnrgfv,> lKwresnnrx smrxkJnr:Em:sfr,soz;mnr:tQcr;
@nmrxdvlugr;aznr,egv; mnr:ginraKwr;mfr:kT;”.egv;# nolU:gznr,>
15
Positive Action Plan, p. 156.
16
The Power of Your Sub-conscious Mind, p. 28.
q[pefsi.vD sv; q[pefsi.qj. \ 145
18
Positive Imaging, p. 218.
19
Food For the Thinking Mind, p. 155.
q[pefsi.vD sv; q[pefsi.qj. \ 147
20
Grow Rich with Peace of Mind, p. 47.
21
The Power of Your Sub-conscious Mind, p. 31.
148 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
gv;’iwrnnrx edlo;mI:nmrxgdrx dQbr:ddr:awrhcr:gUYr:>22 gzbr;scr
no nfr:elv:glUcrnox gUnr:egv.anr edmv:dQbr:ddr:bnr d/cr:
kJnr;yfr,El; d/cr:yUbr;yzmr:jwr;gwr,nnrx mnr:mI:egv.lqwrgUYr:>
gUnr:egv.nnrx amr,jfr;pfr< bqnrjwr;gwr,kJnr:nnrxywrx> 23
nfr:”wr’br;mnr:Edx ligr;Wmrdznr;anrnox lo;sbr:lQcr:wox
jfrhnrEcxlIEl; jfrhnrEcxjv. dI;gQbr;mnr:gUYr:> jfrhnrEcxlInox
mnr:j/cr;aznr H;gUnr:hwr:kJnr;yfr,mfr,sucr m/gr;mI:lIbqnr gdr:
yqnrsKwr:sv, nfr:j/dr;no.j/dr;nv;es jfrhnrEcxjv.smrx bqnr
jfranrhqdr:H; gUnr:hwr:dUgr:dQmr, dUgr:eyv;dugrxy/gr; k/nrdUwr
k/nrjfres amr,hnrdI;gdr:yqnr sKwr:sv,lo;esbzgr;esb/nr
nnr.ywrx>
pJnrai cr
1. Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda, Food for the Thinking Mind,
Taiwan, 1999.
2. Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda, You and Your Problems,
Malaysia, First reprint, 2004.
3. Napoleon Hill, Grow Rich with Peace of Mind, First
Ballontive Books reprint,
4. Napoleon Hill, Think and Grow Rich. First Ballantine
Books reprint, 1983.
5. Napoleon Hill, Positive Action Plan, first Indian
reprint, 2000.
6. Anthony Robbines, Awaken the Giant within, First
Fireside reprint, 1992.
7. Norman Vincent, Positive Imaging, Peale Orient
Paperbacks, second reprint, Delhi, 2004.
22
Positive Action Plan, p. 147.
23
Positive Action Plan, p. 147.
q[pefsi.vD sv; q[pefsi.qj. \ 149
gf/mr:nmr:
gbr:go/,lUYr; lzcr;tqcrgnrno. m/crbzgr;m/crlT j/cr;bqnrbnr
hvgKdr,kJnr;mv:noesdv.egv; m/crbzgr;m/crlTsmr. hqdr:H;mI:lzcr;
t/cr,tKmrdI;gnr< lzcr;kzcr.kmrjTdI;gnrjKwr:nnr. j/cr;bzcr,lQcr:
mv:es lo;ekv;jJwr;jT;< lo;pznr:lImnr:mv:Ed.Ed.yU,> ligr;Wmr
dzmr“wrno. dKgr;dI;wv; mnr:amr,bnrlo; d/cr:”.d/cr:hnr lo;dqmr
tUnr; anrgqwr,gbr:lUYr; lzcr;anrno.lIlInoesdv. aidr:aznr,
azdr:nJcr;Ed. yumr,ymrwv; edbnrlo;dznr;anr tugr,lIF/cr.
nnr.pzcr;yU,noywr.> yznr.nnr nT:ligr;Wmrdzmrno. edsbr:
lQcr:En pznr:jv. lzcr;tqcrgnr< lzcr;d/cr:anrgo.awrtqcrgnr<
edhqdr:’iwr H;mI:pznr:lI< amr,tugr,lIjI.En:bKnr; gmr:sJwr;<
edawrlo/:lT H;ebv:tqcreb.bKnr; Ed,gfv,jKwr:noxyU,>
mKwr;hwr:lo;tqcrgnr dcr:gUnr:jnr.sucreshwr: smr.amr,
ebv:mI: b/o:wUnr.dqmrtUnr;nnr. hwr:l/dr;ekv;jJwr;jT; m/nr,mQnr;
mnr:yU,noesdv. dv,edyzmr:hbr.hwr: mnr:dJnr:bqnry/br,> bKwr;
nnrEl; H;ebv:yzmr:hbr.lo; yv,H;bqnrlzcr; dQgr,jdr.hdr.ho/.
dI;gnrnnr. lUwr,lo”.wo. lzcr;d/cr:bv;dT;jKwr:no.yU,ywr.>
pznr:jv.lzcr;tqcrgnr
m/crdI;< m/crmqwr:< m/crbzgr;< m/cregv. dJnr:amr,tugr,lItqcr
esaidr:> anrbqnrbnrhv mKwr;tqcrgnrnnr. amr,sU;hvlzcr; gdr:
yqnrmv:lo;< m/crbzgr; j/cr;hqdr:H;jfrlmr jfrbQgr,bKcr;nKwrgnr< hqdr:
H;y/nrgnrgfv,< egv.nJcr;El;egv.nJcr; amr,tugr,mQnr;gnregv;
vgif;xAifuef \ 151
edawrlzgr:l/o:lT H;hwr:ebv:tqcreb.
lo/:dv,tqcreb.bKnr;lo;no. mI:szcrlo/:-
1. awrhqdr,pUnr(lzcr;d/cr:)estqcr>
2. lzcr;emvjQgr,Ep ekv;dzbr,tqcr>
156 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
ekv;m/onJcr;nnr. lmr,lzcr;Ed.Ed.> m/crmqwr:no. amr,”.
cwr;”.bo/es gJcr.g/cr.yumr,gmr:sJwr;nnr. amr,jfr;bKcr gUnr:mI:d/cr:
“.> Cpv:bqnrjwr; bqnrCpv:mv:no.egv; gzbr;mnr:jwr; emv”.jgr:
hqdr,pUnrnnr.es jcr,bqnrmv:ywr.> edhqdr:edl/dr;scres
mwr,wv; lUwr,wUnr.lIlIes hqdr:gfv,l/dr;gfv,nnr. lIesbKnr;>
ebv:amr,wUnr.sI,wUnr.hv;es gJcr.g/cr.hqdr:Wdr:l/dr;lidr;lUcr
gfv,jJcr ebv:pidr:mv:ywr. amr,j/cr;eg;kolo;< j/cr;nQcrjfrkJnr:
wo/:lcrgUYr:>
nfr:ekv;mo/szcrno.egv; lmr,lzcr;wo.ncr,gwr,> ebv:hwr:
amr,emvjQgr,Ep ekv;dzbr,tqcr bqnrbzdr:bqnrdznr;ebv:nojJcr hwr:
edhvhqdr,pUnr anredgbr:d/mr:jzmr:amr,lo;> ekv;tqcrm/crmqwr:
nnr. hwr:”.wv; mnr:amr,m/nr,mQnr;esdv. hwr:egv;amr,hvekv;
sbr:lQcr:mnr:lo;ncr,gwr,> lzcr;wv; mnr:pidr:jKcr.’Jwrnonnr.
tugr,lIemvjQgr,Ep ekv;dzbr,tqcr bqnrbzdr:bqnrdznr;yU,> gzbr;bKwr;
nnr H;ebv:”.jQcr;lQcr:lInnr. pU;dQmr;ligr; edl/dr;En
bKcrdQgr;mnr:anrnJcr; jKcr.ncr,bv;dfr;no.-
mI:gUnr:egv.nJcr; l/dr;wv; ^gwrbqnrgUnr:jo/:< mfr:amr,jfr;
gwr< gzbr;nnr mfr:amr,jfr;gUnr:jo/:&noywr.> ebv:hwr:lo;cinr:ekv;
gf/mr:jKcr.no hwr:”.wv; bqnrgf/mr:amr,lo;lzcr;< bqnrgf/mr:cKwr;cv.<
dJnr:amr,tugr,mQnr;esaidr:noyU,> ebv:hwr:amr,emvjQgr,Ep
es gJcr.g/cr.sbr:lQcr:En gmr:sJwr;ebv:nojJcr mnr:egv; sbr:lQcr:
y/br,wo.ncr,gwr,< yznr.nnrr H;hwr:ebv:emvjQgr,Ep ekv;lTa/br;
tugr,mQnr;< a/br;yzmr:hbr.lo;< ekv;lT amr,a/br;tugr,mQnr;< amr,
a/br;yzmr:hbr.lo;nonnr. lo/:jQgr,mnr:mI:ncr,noyU,>
ekv;gf/mr:anrl/dr;wv; gwrbqnrgUnr:jo/:nnr. hwr:yzmr:
hbr.lo;yU,> gUYr:nv, hwr:amr,yzmr:hbr.lo;wv; nfr:elv:gno. mnr:
egv.lqwrgUYr: bqnrgUnr:jo/:nonnr.lv:lv:> ekv;gf/mr: anrl/dr;
vgif;xAifuef \ 157
ekv;lUbr:
ekv:lUbr:lJnr:sudr:Ed. kfr;bnrsdiwv; hqdr:scrtqcr
scregv;ywr. lUwr,H;mI:pznr:lI dv,bun;r bKnr;El; dv,bunr;dUwr
gwr,nnr. lIesbKnr;ywr.> ^egvyKwr;yv; j/cr;lQwryzo; gzbr;dUnr;
mo.yfr,< dUnr;mo.yfr, j/cr;lUmr.gUnr, gzbr;kUmr:dvm/dr,< kUmr:dvm/dr,
j/cr;jKmr; gzbr;hQcr:Fo:< mqwr:anrhQcr:ea, j/cr;sumr:gzbr;anr hQcr:
nmr&nonnr. gUnr:azgr:eavY/mr.egv; j/cr;g/nr.gUnr:azgr:eav
lIywr.> bJnr:bv;lcredv,h/nr.no. sbr:lQcr:EnjQcr;lQcr:yU, gU;
k/wr:> gzbr:bKwr;nnrEl; hwr:tugr,lIpJgr:dUwrhwr: H;mI:kKcr;anr
kUmr:po/ ncr,’iwrebv:ed ek.kqcr,eb.lo;bKnr;nfr:lUgr;< H;ebv:lo;
jJwr;wv; gKdr,mv:bqnrgUnr:egv; lo;hqdr:g/nrlI bunr;dv,gUnr:ywr.
nonnr.esgmr:…
binr,awrnT:bbrx- ^mnr:smzcr& anrlUcrwijidrxwvtg/nr: dQmr;<
cl:vmh: tgrf;vkuf;egif.
Qof;rj,vj, zlif:oef:
zkdeftdif
1. tifukwIedujb yefquedymwf yjvd? yxryefejOu
rkefwIjqoufu tdwfxOkwf? yyf.yldifOwf.x? urf,'j,
at:? wj;ukif;/
2. yjxduoufuyjvd OifujvOkwf? yyf.yldifOwfx? urf,'j,
at:? wj;ukif;/
3. tifukwIedujb qwkufuedymwf yjvd? yxryefejOu
qufuoufu OifupOkwf? yyf.yldifOwfx? urf,'j,at:?
wj;ukif;/
4. tifukwIedujb yefquedymwfyj,vd? yxryefejOu
Okreoufu ykwfwOkwf? yyf.yldifOwfx? urf,'j,at:?
wj;ukif;/
ukef:rkefayj;sr;
qof;oj,bj,rdef,w vmofcldof: (OD,ayj.)
uGmrf:erf:
ukef:rkefayj;sr;tefoj;eh. bfG,uGmif;ej,? vmwf;trf,Okwf:
OAif;vh;/ tefOluofpof:pj:wif:OAif; vh;yAefulef:bfG,rj; uj;Okifrj:?
tefvh;vuf:vSrf;OSrf:uj;? tefvh;Ogefvduf;Ogefvmh: tefvh;rj:
xlyf:uefbl,qldof:eh. awvh;oj;ref:yAef bgef.ydlof;ukef:rkefrAwf.
wj, ayj;sr;vgef.vgef.ehbof./ bgef.yldof;oj; ukef:rkefrAwf.wj,cof
b[,uGmif;ej,eif,eefsv; eif,pkdofP;pof:ayj: awarjN.quf:cdkef:
ukef:rkefcof? arjvAif.vlvkrf:vj:cof? arjqgh;arjxSrfcof? vldofaO
eef. P;ayj:arjN. ykef;zgef:vkuf;vmif: yAeftD;Oif? ykef;zgef:
ayj;sr; Orf.yAeftD;Oif? zgef:vDvh;vkrf:vj:ayj;sr;eh. yAeftD;
Oif? ayj:trf,vh;vkrf:vj: Orf.awyAefqldif.pkdofeh quGj,qldof:eef.
eif,uj;bkdef:rkdof:xkdifvh; zl;wSrf;vduf; awawj.wh,ch;se rldef
eif,ayj;sr;eh. rldefckefOmif? yAefcl:Ogeftgefwmif:yldef;Okwf:?
vhm:wgyf,Ohm;ukef:rkefayj;sr;? zgef:vDvh;wgyf,Ohm;wSef: ukef:rkef
ayj;sr;? zgef:qj.vgif;vkdrf:ukef:rkefayj;sr; qArfqldof:eh.uGj,bl,/
Tzj:yAefqof;pof:auj;oj; ukef:rkefayj;sr;eh. ref:bGf,ej,
trf,rD:wD;Okwf:wD;OAif;vh; (rjwjydwk ukaej teefawj) eh
eif,uof,bof./
ayj;sr;eh. rldefckefOmifsv; cl:Ogeftgefwmif:yldef;Okwf:
uAof,uyf:vlnf;vgif;eh.aO ykwf.xqof;rguf,oh.oj; ayj;sr;eh.
rdlefwif:ckefOmif? Orf.yAefcl:Ogef auj.tgefwmif:Okwf: (yIrfrjpd
170 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
rjwj ydwaIj? YkyfyjqIdbjwd tkqfqaI)1 ehbof./ ugyf;Oifsv;
ayj;sr;eh. rdlefckefOmifvj,ayj:ehqdkif wD;eh;awc[;Oyf:vSif:se
tdwf:ekdif;/ ckefOmifeh. rD:yIrfrodpj,IOD,bldif;? tefoj; rAwfwj-
q[tefpuf.ySif: edlfofwlofrD:q[wif:vhm? uIkej-q[teftD:vleldof
wloftefxlyf: wmif:bmyf,zkdwf,wif:vhm? rkwdwj-q[tefNrfqlrf:
qgrf: eldofzl;tefrD:vgif;uwf:bAefsv; rmuf;rD:vD yAefqldof:eef.?
tkyAufcj-q[teftrf,arjpuf.ylef.sv; qif:ylef.? qfGzAif,yAif:eh
qldof:eef.bof./
rldefeefeif,uof, ayj;sr;auj; rD:yIrfrodpj,Iqldof:eef.
OD,yldifeif,uof,sv; qif,oj;ayj;sr;eh. rdlefuefwif:ckefOmifeh
bof./ ayj;sr;eh. pAwf:pkdofsv; yAefcl:Ogeftgefwmif:Okwf:vj,
ayj:ehqdkif rldof;vkuf;vmif: yh,arjvmwf;uGmrf:eef. ayj;sr;eh. yAef
auj.tefOgefyef tgefwmif:Okwf:yldef;bof.? eif,pkdofvkuf;vmif:
ayj:awarjbl,? arjudef? arjvmwf;arjqj? arjuGj,arjrj: e[:su;umif
yldef;eef. yAefauj.Oif,Ogefygef;yef tgefwmif:Okwf:yldef;sv;
qif,vh;oj; yAefcl:Ogeftgefwmif:Okwf:ehbof./ ugyf;eefsv; ykwf.
xqof;vmwf;oh.oj; tofNof,rj,qof;uof, wAif,oh.ayj;sr;wif:Ogif
zhm,aO vAif.vlvkrf:vj:cof awj,qlof;tOmuf;auj; awj;bif:yh,
wArfxlef;vl:ugef,ehbof./
vhm:wgyf,Omh; ukef:rkefayj;sr;
e[:Okwf;Odif,uj,avj:oj,weef. seoh.ej;umefvkuf;vmif:
tefyAefvguf:vhm: wgyf,wSef:ckdef: ukef:rkefayj;sr;eef.pj;yldif
oj;-
]]vAif.vjaz:ukif,uGmif;?
cwf:Omif;ej;umefygif?
1
acrgudrdR nigvybv,li< bbr. -1< sbRmrmgsudr< nv;-131>
ukef:rkefayj;sr; \ 171
P;ukdif,ykwf;Ndef:ab:?
vl,yefaq:ao,Mwf;?
wlnf:vlqldof.cldof:uGj,?
owf;wj,vkuf;vmif:rD:pj;bldif;eh.bof.##ehbl,bof./
rdlof;pof:wdkuf.auj.vAuf.sw. bgef.ydlof; trf,yh,arjolef.Oifsv; oguf:
Nofeh. trf,ayj:xmif,ref:rD: uj;cefOif? ulnf:uj;xdkifwD;b[,rj: arj
olef.tofwD;ygif,ref:bof. qif,N.oj; ref:rD:uj;cefb[,erf wj,
qldof:auj.yAefvkuf;vmif:sw.sw.ehbof./
oguf:Nofeh.ref:seoj; olef.ckdef:rdlof;pof:vAuf. tefayj;sr;
vh;vAif.vlvkrf:vj:pof:rj:eef.aO eif,uj;ygifyAefvh; vlof,ckdef:
Okdyf,vAif.vlvkrf:vj:ayj;sr;cdkef:? acj;rmhOgif qldof:tefyAefvkuf;
yAefvmif: eif,pkdofawrmuf;rD:vDyAef uwf:bAefOldof:Oj, eif,pkdofaw
vAif.vlvh; ayj;sr;? vkuf;vmif:? emif:ar:qof;uof, vh;vDvDeef.
awtrf,vh;cmef.vh;tldefvj:vj:? qgrf:eif,Mh:zj.ej;OArfayj;sr;
tgefpAwf:tgefOmif;ej;umefrj: ul;yldifyldifqldof:eef. vlof,vh;cwf:
q[ pAwf:qgrf:bldif;qgrf:zAef;zAef; P;ayj:ukdif,ykwf;ej;pldef:clof:rgef,
(trlnf,) ykwf;wdefykwf;rkdof:cofuGj,? ohm:aOayj;sr; vyf:wjvkdrf:
rldif:uGj,bof. P;pAwf:ukOlof,wmif:vDaO Olif,bkdef;ukOlof,yefcof P;
Mwf;xkdifwD; uwf:bAefOldof:Oj,? vldofaOeef. eif,pkdofqldof.ildef;
Ohmcldof: ayj;sr;qof;uof, ayj:awtrf,vl.trf,phmcmwf,omh:uGj,eef.
vDvh; puf.MrfySif:rSwf,uGj, ymefOkdyf,ymefvkuf;Okdyf,vmefehbof./
zgef:vDvh;wgyf,Ohm;wSef: ukef:rkefayj;sr;
vkuf;vmif:auj.tef arjwgyf,ukef:rkefayj;sr;eef. zl;rD:
ynf,nj,cof? zl;ulef:vDcofbgif;tmrf:? ulef:bl,pdrf:Mrf:udefqrfqldof:
eef.auj; awbgif;tmrf: (wjberf yjIdqIdbjb? rjwjydwkOk yef
wdwj/ tdaxoerf yOrfOefwd? yqfqOufau yarjwwd) 4 eh
bof.? vdlofaOeef. ayj:ref:rD: vgif;bmyf,zdkwf,udef:q[rj:auj; zD
cofc[;qgh;xSrf? ulef:c[;qgh;xSrfref: urf:vAofehbof./ qdlof:eh. yAef
zgef:vD tefvh;qmwf;eh.urf:vAofbof.? qmwf;ej;rj:auj; awvh;
Mwf;xdkifrdlif:zD rdlif:Omifugef,bof./
2
acrgudrdR nigvybv,li< bbr.-1< sbRmrmgsudr< nv;-131>
3
acrgudrdR nigvybv,li < bbr.-1< sbRmrmgsudr< nv;-131>
4
acrgudrdR nigvybv,li < bbr.-1< sbRmrmgsudr< nv;-131>
ukef:rkefayj;sr; \ 173
zgef:qj. vgif;vkdrf:ukef:rkefayj;sr;
z[v[aOtrf,oj; Oifoj;vdkrf:ukef:rkefayj;sr;? pAwf:phm.edlof
ayj;sr;ayj:ehqkdif zgef:phm.qj.ref: wlnf:tofykdef:oef:vif qof;
rpj,rgufuvef,eef.auj; vh;pefyAefwgef;Ogefpof:oh. tefekdif;
bl,/ ykdef:uSyf;tgef,ref:qof; rdlof;qmwf;ugef,oef:vif bmrf:eef
rdlof;ref:yh,aw,ej;Ndef:eef. ref:rD:q[puf.ayj;sr;? N.ukef:rkef
ayj;sr;? vAif.vlvkrf:vj:ayj;sr; wArfwArfxlef;xlef;sw.sw./
ulnf:uj; ohm:aOsw,ej;Ndef:rj:bof.sw. bgef.ydlof;ref:puf.ar:
ref:ej,ylef.wD; vldofayj;vldofsr;ref:eef.aO xgrf,uGmrf:ar:ref:
ylef.wD;ej,sv; xdkifwD;ayj:vh; ayj.whmayj;sr;ref:qhm:cdkef:bl,
bof./ bgef.ydlof; vh;pAwf;vgif;trf,vD? vh;ayj.whmayj;sr;ref:qof;
5
rPd&wem pmpOf (1)/
174 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
eif,eefsv; yduf.Orf.oj; ref:qof;yAefvkuf;Odwf; zhm,Ohm.rkdof:
Tzj:yAefqof; teftlrkefb[,aOyldef;ehaOwj. urf:vkdef:Okwf:
ayj:vh;cmrf, wdwf.xdqmif;qlefvlifpj;ymuf, tgefuefvgrf.oSwf.wD.
ngyf:xkyf.ayj.ref:qof; awj,ayj:vh;tof yIdedyf.ymef,uGj,bl,/ vldof
aOeef.Orf. vh;pefxSif;oj; clof:cgifidkef:crf: tefqof;uof, cwf:
q[pAwf:Omif;aO vh;rj:eef. Oifqdlof.oj;qof;uof, trf,tofvAif.
vl ayj;sr;ayj:ehqdkif awtrf,ukdwf: e[:rdkof:qof;uof,pkdifaO qmif;
vl.vSofOkrf:ihm; (eujrjerf tkyfyeferf xerfyd rjwjydwkerf
tywdQufuefwjerf eOfOwd) 6 ehbof. qldof:eh.yAefzgef:phm.
qj. tefvh;pAwf:zdwf: wD;edlofayj;sr;eef.bof./
vdkef:Okwf: P;zl;vlvduf;pof:cofwif:OAif; tgefuefygif,q[
vgif;zgef:vDsv;zgef:phm.qj. tefvmwf;rj: qdlof:eef.aObof.
tgefuefcwf:q[so;ySwf; vgif;pAwf:phm.edlofayj;sr;? bj,P;yAefulef:
vdkrf:ukef:rkefayj;sr;? Orf.P;tgefuefckuf:clef.olef.xdkif ukef:rkef
ayj;sr;? eif,uj;ykef;zgef:pof:rD: tefvlof,vh;pAwf:Omif;? tef
vlof,vh;vAif.vlvkrf:vj:qldof:eef. oh.yAefyldifvlifaO tgefuef
cwf:q[ wgyf,ckdef:ukef:rkef ayj;sr;qof;wif:Ogif? arjtgefuef
bgef:Ol:yef P;cofrD:vgif;wlofq[Ogifyldif uwf:bAefOdlof:Oj, rD:rif,
uvj,ul;cmof:bmrf:aOurf:eh …
zdkeftdif
1. tifukwfwIedujb? yldifOwfx? urf,'j,at:? wj;ukif;/
2. OkoefeOjr qjwu? yldifOwfx? urf,'j,at:? wj;ukif;/
3. yIdwfw yj,vd? rifuvOkwf/
6
rPd&wem pmpOf (1)/
ukef:rkefayj;sr; \ 175
uGmrf:erf:
tdifeldofNofacj; vduf;pgrfwgrftefeh.aO qgrf:eif,Tzj:yAef
qof;oj; ]Okcj OifcOfO OjrufuD? Orufujerf wayj Okacj}eh
eef. vgif;zgrf.Nrf;eh. e[:umefzj,Oj,? Oj,Oej,? qldof:cldof:? umef
rl,umefqkrf:? umefomef;umefrldif:ul;wD;ul;vSef bgef.oj;ref:vrf,
vgif;ej,sv; qgrf:eif,zl;wSrf;vduf; vh;vAyf;pAef:rj: e[:acj;Oif,
Ogef ykwf.xqof;wif:erfqldof:eef.sv; tduf,wif:wjvh;pef
wlofvh;xlyf:qldof:eef. awawj.wh,ch;se zl;vlvduf;pof:cof tof
qArfvhm:vDbldif;? vDso; e[:vgif;zgrf.Nrf;eef.bl,/ e[:vduf;pgrfwgrf
tefeh. uAof,vlnf;vldif;eh.aO yduf.Orf.oj; ref:trf,wArfxlef;vh;
wif:ykduf:ehaOwj. wgef;wj,zl;Olifrdkwf;sv; zl;c[;vh;wmif:N.cof
sw. bkrf,brfoj; ref:awyAefeif, ]vh;tdwf:ekdif; q[vDtdw:f
ekdif;} tefoj;eef.bl,/
'dif;'j.xrf,rwj,vlif e[:clif:umifeh. tefyAefwlef;rh.
wlef;wguf, rguf,rmuf,pmuf;Nofwif:OAif;auj; ref:vh;ykdif;tdif tkwk
edbj,raO qif,rD:rguf,rmuf,pmuf;Nof? rD:wlef;rD:aujvh;bof./ cldif;q[.
clof:wkdof:wif:OAif;ehauj; vh;tofrAof:tdwf:tdwf: rj:ql.wkrfuefaO
qif,yAefrj:clof:q[. ekdif;tefbof./ vlwf.uj:ekdif;vrf:auj; eif,pkdof
ref:ayj:awq[.vh;eef. vh;tofcldif;clof:uduf:uguf: NofpAifvldof rj:ql.
wkrfuefaO qif,q[.vh;bof./ Ozj,oOwf.woj, e[:clif:umifauj;
awj;eef wkdef:vh;ykdif;tdifuefaO qif,yAefrj:ul;yldifyldifbof./ e[:
uGmrf:tefrD:e[:q[ \ 177
2
rlvyefejO twfxuxj? rlvyIdbjbouf? zbazIo Okwfwoefeej/
180 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
^avnnr,dv, ... ayj:ckefoqf.qD,cof bif:wkdof:urfqgrf:
Twj:qAwf:yldifeh.bl,Ehqkdif awtrf,blyf;bgrf:aOtrf,uj: awckdef;
b[,wldof:wgef:rj:wduf:wduf:vl:ugef,&noywr.>
ayj:zgif:rldif:vlif vh;idef:qldif.ehbof.auj; ref:qif,ckdef:
vof;vmwf; wD;ykwf.xqof;oj;-
^Twj:tefeh. bj,ayoj;wkdof:urfvh; wif:qAwf:rAof:ugef,cj;
vj;? wkdof:urfvh; ekdif;rAof:ulnf:auj; wkdef:awckdef;b[,wdlof:wgef:
bl,cj;bof./ wK,awwkduf:zef: ckefoqf.qD,cofeh. vldofaOacBj: P;
yAefq[pof:? bj.uof: P;cofwSuf,bhm;uefeh. trf,rD:Oifcj;&ehbof./
ugyf;Oifckefrldif:rj,uxcof c[;rj:wkduf:ehqkdif bgef.e[:su;
umif rldif:rj,uxsv; rldif:oqf.qD,eh. rD:vhgyj,wvdykwf. teftguf,
uSof;OSifaO ayj:cmof:zlefwluf:rj:eef. uSof;OSifqldof:eef. vhvlif:
rj:qgrf:erf.sv; vhgvkuf;eh. cofqSuf,yefuefauj.ckdif;ckdif;bl,/ ulnf:
uj; ckefoqf.qD,cofeh. cofzgrf.uefej,sv; wef:uGj,toftgef
wmif:wj,aO, awj,ayj:xlef;xkdifOmrfyDbof./ ckeftqj,wOmwf;
cofeh. ukrf,y[.rkdof.y[.oef:bl,sv; trf,wef:vh;aOyD/ ugyf;eef
ref:q[vrftguf,awj:Oej,sv; c[;uGj,wkduf:zef:eef.bof./ ulnf:
uj; bgef.c[;tofwmif:pefxkdifykwf.xqof;sv; qif,q[.zgif:rldif:
vlif uGj,vof;xkdifwD;ykwf.xqof;eef.bof./ ohm:aOeef. zgif:rldif:
vlif qif,uGj,bl,Oof:qgrf:ckefoqf.qD,cof wj,cmof:wmif:OmrfyDaO
bj.uof:cof awj,cofayj:wSuf,bmh;uefbof.? omh:eef. ckeftqj,w
Omwf; qif,rj:wkduf:zef: tofvh;ihm;ihm;/ sw,tofeef.rj: qldof.
cldof:oqf.qD,cofauj; ogwf;omh:pmhuGj, pmef.awj,xkdifbmrf:vAofbof.3 /
vgif;eh. awvh;oj; rldof;pof:zgrf.uefbl,eh. yldef;rj:bj.uof:trf,vh;
ehaOwj.auj; zgif:rldof;pof:wSuf,uefeef. yldef;qif;cof;rj: bj.
uof:pof:vh;imh;imh;bof.4/
3
tifukwIedujb? oqfqDOwfwuouf? OkwfoOfOujI/
4
qjwu yj,vd? atuuedyjw? Qkdif:Orfarjwrje/
uGmrf:tefrD:e[:q[ \ 181
7
tifukwIedujb? oqfqDOwfwuoufsv; OkwfoOfOujI/
8
Twj:vgif;trf,blyf;bgrf: tefckefoqf.qD,cofqgrf: 7yldif
1. zgrf.uefckdef;ymifukrfaO,aO,
2. rj:ymifukrfrldof;vAofuef sv; ayj:bof. vkuf.yguf;rldof;vAofuef?
qgh;uefpAwf:umef
3. qgrf:tofxkif:yl,rgef,ehm:bj;cofpAwf:rj:oh.
4. eyf.brfulef:xof;ulef:su,
5. emif:bdif:vAuf.awj,b[, trf,txrf,rj.tofpAwf:sr:
6. ugif:rl:?cAif,zD tefyl,rgef,ehm:bj;cof eyf.brfeef. Okdyf,eyf.brf
7. zdwf;ymif:qof;Ipmef:wj,rj:e[:rldif: tefrD:oh.auj.vkrf:vj:wArfxlef;
184 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
bgef.eefsv; pof:pAwf:umefOifaOtrf,oj; eif,Hdofpof: ayj:aw
rD:vgif; tgrf,vgrf;zgrf.uefaO pAwf:ej;umefpof: ckdef;b[,r[,Okif
vh;wduf:wduf:eef. wkdef:vlof,tofTwj: vgif;trf,blyf;bgrf:qAwf:
yldifeh. oh.e[:tluf:e[:q[pof: wj,aO,bof./ qldif.eif,oj; ^eluf.
qguf,sy.vSrf;cj: qmif.ij:sy.wkrfrh.&eheef. z[sy.umefOifauj;
pmyf,eef. trf,arjoh.vgif;Olnf;edif; cD;au.sp;wjuefehqkdif wD;
bldif:tmef: tefpof:c[;xkdifeef. oef:ekdif;qof.qof. ref:wkdef:
awtrf,umwf;vh;eheef. wkdef:bkrf,brfoh. euf:euf:ejejbl,/
tefpof:cwf:q[bl, ul;oef:oef:eh. c[;H;qof;uof,? qldof.
cldof:sv; yD;egif.qof;uof, uwf:bAefqgrf:qof;uof,vgef.vgef.bof./
ayj:wlofqof;uof, wArfxlef;bof.ugef, qif,qmif;qhg;xSrfyD; egif./
ayj:yD;egif.qof;uof,wArfxlef; qif,qmif;pAwf:umefulef:wif:
erfvh;tefoj;eef. wlnf:tofwD; vgif;wkdof:urfqIdb]Omrfyldif} 9
tefykwf.xqof; apj:oh.eef.auj; xmif,qSif;vDbl,/ wj,awwArf
xlef;vh;eef. Orf.vlof,vh;bl,rSef;wD;Omif,xkuf,? ukOlof,zo
qmwf;ugef,auj; vlof,pAwf:Omif;rj:oh.? wlofqof;uof,auj; vlof,arj
Oif,Ogefwlofuof,ckdef:? vlof,vh;arjuyf:Okdyf,yldef; P;rD:tlnf:auj.vD
bl,bof./ aej,qof;ykwf.xcofqof;sw. wlofcoftrf,wArfxlef;auj;
pAwf:yefumefulef:erfvh;bl,/
tefvh;wSrf;serj:eh. yAeftefzl;wSrf;vduf;c[;vmwf;se
qArfrldof;ylef.rj:wif:Hdifeef.bof./ wmif:bldif:tmef:pof: trf,rldef
uefaOwj.auj; Ohmq[tefpuf.qldof.cldof:qof;uof,eef.sw. wkdef:
rD:rldefueful;auj.bl,/ ulef:ul;auj. rD:erf.uwf.eif,uef pif:z[pif:
ref:bof./ ulnf:uj; vlof,rD:erf.q[puf.uef? arjygif,q[eldofuef? P;rD:
vgif;zgrf.zAif,uefaOsv; cwf:q[P;qgh;umef ykef;wj,ulef:erfvh;
9
xrfrywtwfxux? yudefeuouf? Qkdif:twfwaejykyfyurfr/
uGmrf:tefrD:e[:q[ \ 185
zdkeftdif
1. xrfrywtwfxuxj (OwfxOifujbej CD)
2. qjwuyjvd /
3. rlvyefejO twfxuxj /
4. tdwdokwfwu yjvd twfxuxj /
5. yefq yuIe twfxuxj /
6. tifukwfwI edujb yjvd /
xrf:ckefurf Odyf:bldif;
The Ten Duties of a King
gf/mr:nmr:
@@tmremn beR RYrjdIdi Rvjv&yznrxbKwr;jzmr:tmr:es
emvawrjTjbr:Wo; jzo:bQnr:nKwrbKnr;El; jcr,lo;jJwr;wv; kunrno
ywrx> 1 l/o:nJcr;egv; yznrxbUiwr;jzmr:tmr:es emvaubrxbUicrpzcr:cmr: nUiwr
kv;w/nr;gUnr:mUicr:kwrEl; jcr,Wcrxwv;kunrnoywrx> bUicrnJcr;egv; kunr
anrwv;nox bqnrpU;anrhqdr:H; gUnr:dcr:nmrlo;sKwr:jzmr: yznrx
mnr:gmrjzmr:tmr:lIes aubrxbUicr,wv;noywrx>
yznrxbKwr;awrdcr: tmr:ajrsRiy sI,bKcr< 2 tmr:scrgh
sI, bKcr 3 jKwr:nnrxes emvawrjTjbr:Wo;jzo:bQnr:nKwr gUnr:dcr:nmr
El; jcr,lo;jJwr;wv; kunrnoywrx> lo;mKcr:mv: jzmr:ncr,m/omI;bKcrmKcr:
anrgUnr:nmryzmr:hbrxwoxnnrxes bqnrkunrEl; jcr,lo;wv;kunr
1 T.W. Rhys Davids and Willian Stede, Pali-English Dictionary (Delhi:
Motilal Banarasidass, 1975), p. 568.
2
tmr:ajrsRiy anrwv;nox bzcr,wv; tmr:lIa/mr:noywrx> mI:sI,bKcr> sI,bKcrjmrx-
1. apiRUbdv=mI:F/crh/cr;c/mr:< 2. DIkvyugdv=mI:avyuy/wr:yuinr:< 3. abrbvdcr
gdv=mI:d/cr:bqnrea,< 4. biymnvbdv=mI:gf/mr:lIgf/mr:w/nr bqnrjKwr:noxywrx> dI;
gf/cr;mnr: dUYr:awrdI;mjrjim bnrnvs DIgv< BRhmrnwgrg< (aidr, bI 2000
m/nr;) nnrxdv.>
3
tmr:scr,gh anrwv;nox bzcr,wv; tmr:yugrxyzcr;ywrx> mI:sI,bKcrncr,gwr,> sI,bKcrjmrx
1. dvn=dznr;mQcr,yJnr;bnrH;< 2. ebyLwjrj=l/dr;jvgf/mr:lIhgrxlItzmr,edv,<
3. adrtjRiy=dJwr:gmrhqdr:bnrpznr:lI < 4. smvndrddv=jv.”mr;kI lI”mr
sKwr:jKwr:noxywrx> dI;gf/cr;mnr: dUYr:tI; acrgudrdR adrtgtv< scrgh sudrd
wnrnnv< nv;ligr; 290 (aidr,bI 1970< m/nr;)nnrxdv.>
xmrf:ckefurf Odyf:bdlif; \ 187
1. dv,n = jQgr,mQcr,kUwr:kzcrbnr
dv,nanrwv;nox dI;bzcr,mnr:azgr,mI:woxl/obKcrEl; ed
amr,lo;awrdI;bzcr, anrwv;g/nrlU,g/nrd/nr: jKcrxncr,gUnr:
”inr:kwrawrkUwr:kzcr yJnr;d/nr:jU:jwr;munrkwrnnrx bKcrlqwrgUYr:>
dI;no; ebv:yU,dI;p/o,kunr amr,nnr pU;aznr'wrkwr awrl/dr;
edv,gUnr:mKcr:jJcr bqnranrawrcJnr: kUwr:kzcrjQgr,mQcr, bnrdI;jKwr:
gUnr:anramr,bo,dqmrtUnr;< gUnr:jKwr:anrmucr;mzcr: H;lo;mI:egv.
bJdr,b/gr;ensqnr;dv;so/d/cr: b/o:bYr,Yv,lIjKwr:noxywrx> g/br;
b/nrnfr: 21 b/gr,bImKcr:(21st century)nox bKnr;ekxkqcr,d/cr:”.d/cr:
hnrgnr anrkJdr:jnrx anrpfr:p/ojKwr:noxmv: kKwr:kKwr:yfr:yfr:yU,
190 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005
ywrx> ebv:l/dr;anrgQbr;mnr:jJcr awrcJnr:joz;tQmr dv,b/o:bYr,
Yv,nox bqnrcwr;cv,lgr:t/nr anrlmr,lzcr;dv, joz;tQmrgU;bKcrbKcr
nnrxywrx>
tQcr;l/o:nJcr; lzcr;mQcr,kUwr:kzcrbnranrwv;nox aicrnKwrej,
dnv, sdr,tv,lIesEl; lo;awrkUwr:kzcrcJnr:kmr: jwr;gwr,es
d/nr:tQmrgQmrjzo;gUnr:dcr:nmrnnrxywrx> lKwresnnrx kznr,cJnr:
kmr: anrgqbr:lo;mv:l/ol/odI;nnrx kJnr:tugr,lIlo;jfr.j/o, jzo;tQmr
bunr;dv,dUcr,wiUcr:g/nr nfr:mKcr:kJnr:nnrxyU,> mKnrncr, lUcrbzcrjJcr;
nfr:mKcr:sI,”wr,kwr jzo;tQmrbnr (scholarship)lugr;hqnr: nfr:'cr:
hqnr: lugr;hqnr:nfr:jnrxjzmrjKwr:noxlTnnrxywrx> mKcr:edv,mKcr:jzo;
tQmrgnregv;mI: mKnrjKcrxncr, gUnr:mKcr:gLb/nr,kwr jzo;tQmrgUnr:mKcr:
sI,'wr, jqmrEm:d/cr:sKwr,d/cr: hqdr:kUwrjKwr:nox h/nrxedv,mKwr;lqwr
nnrxywrx> kUwrlUcrnfr:mKcr:sI,'wr,noxanrnJcr; anrWcrxjJwr;wv; ^kUwr
eg,lnI,y&nnrx bqnrgUnr:mKcr:gLb/nr,kwr mv:egv,dcr;bnrwox
noywrx> gUnr:mKcr:nJcr;El;mKcr:nJcr; jzo;tQmrgnr a/nr,'wrsibr:
sQnredv,lv,jKwr:nox mI:dcr:nmr> cJnr:edv,lv,nox ebv:mv:nbrx
cJnr:mKcr:hwr:jJcr hwr:ycr:edlIa/obKnr;lU:gznr,ywrx> m/crbzgr; hwr:
edv.Edxlo;d/nr: jQgr,mQcr,bnrbKnr;aidr:azdr:aznr,gUYr: hwr:
ebv:t/cr,yT,dUwrhwr:wv; hwr:noxjJwr;jT;nv,ywrx< kJgrxkQmrxnv,ywrxno
es kT;yibr:gmr cmrgQbr;nKwrbKnr; mqwr:nJcr;ywrxmqwr:szcr> Ficr;Fv.
gUnr:hwr: anramr,lImqwr:nJcr;nnrxEdx ebv:lo;bnrcJnr:bKnr;
nJcr;knr kT;jnrjKgr;nKwrbKnr;nJcr;hqcr< ebv:lo;jzo;tQmrbKnr;nJcr;
kJbr; kT;dJbr;dinreh.gQdr,d/cr:bKnr; nJcr;wv:nnrxywrx> gzbr;nnr
El; hwr:gfv,wv;bKnr;amr,jfr;gUnr:j/wr:budrx bKnr;amr,lU,amr,
d/nr:no amr,lo;> bigrxsmrx bKnr;amr,jT;gUnr:j/wr:budrxegv; ej,d
nv,bKnr; ycr:jJnr;sTlKwrhwr:< nmrxjTbKnr; ycr:k/dr,lKwrhwr:lU:
gznr,ywrx> gUYr:dznr:es bKnr;amr,l/dr;azgr,wv;^dv,n& no
xmrf:ckefurf Odyf:bdlif; \ 191
5
jwr;nnr,dwmr,s tmr,mv,jRiy< M.A binr,dQmr; elv:gnI,dibinr,do:< nv;-
130>
6
Phramaha Chanya Khongchinda, The Buddha’s Socio-Political Ideas,
New Delhi, India, 1993, p.92.
192 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005
@@(dv,jJcr;mKcr:)nJcr;mKcr: edmnr;gJmr:k/wr:y/wr:es kJnr;yT,mT,
sucrlo;nox mnr:aicrbJcr;nKwr lgr:cwr;bJnrxt/nrszcranr anrbqnr
gUnr:El; bKcr## noywrx>
pU;aznr'wrnmr:nv;nJcr;egv.nox lUwr,awrjfrsfr,nKwrnv;
g/nres dQbr:ddr:lo; anrlfrbqnranrjfr; anrlfrbqnranr
pidr:nonnrxyU,> bKcrmnr:mQnr;yU,esdv. ebv:kwr;jfrpidr:jJcr
edbqnrpznr:h/o.lUcr dv,gUnr:w/nr;gUnr:mKcr: dcr:sqcr;esamr,gv:
nmrxgdrxd/cr:kQnr,pU;aznr'wregv; dUgr:jzmr:gnrdcr:mUdr:nnrx
ywrx> 1. p/o,d/cr:gmrlI 2. p/o,g/nrm/gr;mI: 3. p/o,dUcr,wUicr:gUnr:
El; 4. p/o,g/nrmKcr:g/nrsJgr:jKwr:nox bqnranrkwrlo;bJcr;aicr
gnres mKcr:jcr,kJnr;yfr,kJbr;nv;mv:lo;nnrxywrx> nfr:gv;sI,p/o,
nnrxsmrx p/o,d/cr:gmrlInnrx bqnranrlmr,lzcr;lKwres s/mrp/o,
nnrxywrx> ebv:amr,mI:d/cr:gmrlIjJcr egv.nJcr;El;dcr:egv.nJcr;
edamr,yumr,gnres p/o,g/nrm/gr;mI:egv; edyUbr;yzmr:gfv,< p/o,
bo/:bYr,Yv,egv; amr,j/cr;kJbr;nv;es g/nrdv,w/nr;mKcr:egv; ed
sugrxyucr;mv:amr,h/crxnnxrywrx>
4. ajrjw - jfrsJwr;edv,gnr
pU;aznr'wrnmr:nv; edamr,lo;bQdrxlQnr< edamr,lo;
bnrgf/mr:mnr;lU.lQwrnKwrkv;w/nr;gUnr:mKcr:< edlo;hqdr:edlo;
l/dr; ncr,gv;mQnr;jzmr: sJwr;wzcr,m/omI;kunrmI:woxnnrxyU,> ncr,’iwr
edgJcr,c/mr, hQcr:nmrxgdrxjwr;gwr,mI:woxnnrx edlo;woxjfrjJnr;j/cr,
es s/cr;g/nrw/nr;mKcr: yv,H;ebv:lo;gKcr:yznr, yznrxgzbr;jframr,
sJwr;edv,gnr nfr:Eg;g/cr dUcr,wUcr:gUnr:mKcr:nnrxywrx> g/nrgU;smr,
sQnrbKcr tugr,lIlo;bnrgf/mr:mnr;dI;gUnr:mKcr: ncr,jwr;gwr,hqdr:
lo; jJnr,lo; s/cr;lo;nnrxgUYr:> l/o:nJcr;egv; edlo;hqdr:ncr,
l/dr;< edlo;l/dr; ncr,hqdr:nnrxywrx> ebv:bqnrlo;mzgr;nnrx
gznr, gUnr:mKcr:jcr,edmI: lzcr;nbrxymr nmrxjfrlInKwrpU;nmr:nv;>
egv.bqnrpU;aznr'wregv; j/cr;mI:d/cr:dKwr:yumr,dUwrmv:nnrxywrx>
lzcr;lfrmwr,wv; ebv:mI:d/cr:pqcr,bqcr:edv,gnrjJcr mI:lzcr;
yumr,jfrgnrmv:es amr,t/cr,pidr:gnrlo;> ebv:nnr dv,sI,egx
eh;dvgnregv; y/nrgoywrxEl; nrf:wUcr;g/crso/didr:edv,gnregv;
edamr,mI:lzcr;t/cr,tKmrgnrywrx> ebv:mI:d/cr:jfrsJwr;edv,gnr
mv:ywrxEdx hqdr:g/nrdv,jKwrxkKwr:jzmr:gnregv; kJnr;yfr,lo;< dv,b/o:
194 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005
m/gr;mI:egv; eddKwr:dznr:mv:< dv,b/o:bYr,Yv,egv; edkJbr;nv;
jzmr:lo;nnrxywrx>
5. mdrdw = aUnr;aznr,
bqnrkunrmKcr:nJcr;egv.nox edlo;F/crxes l/dr;jvdidr:
edv, gbr:sJbr,lugr;nzcrxd/mr:jfrEl; gUnr:mKcr:ywrx> yznrxbKwr;
bqnregv.anr aznrgUnr:mKcr:bosqnr;d/cr:lI yv,H;mI:lzcr;aUnremv:
pidr:pQgr,jdrxdQgr,gnr nfr:dUcr,wUicr:nv;g/nrlmr,lzcr;nnrxywrx>
gzbr;bKwr;nnr tugr,lImI:jfrmqdrxdv,(hgrxWmr)< gRunv, (aI:lU)< mudi
dv, ('mrjUmr:)< aubqgrxkv,(pqcr,bqcr:)es gbr:sJbr,gnryU,ywrx> H;
gUnr:mKcr: ebv:lo;y/cr;bogfv, jzmr:sqnr;d/cr:anrpqnr;pqnr; ncr,
anrpU;aznr'wr mI:lzcr;mnr;jfr< lzcr;aUnr;aznr,nnrxes nmr:
nv; H;mKcr:lo;gJgr:bJnr:lIgfv, yznrxkunrmKcr:nnrxyU,>
6. db = pJgr:gmr hqdr:g/nrlI
pU;aznr'wrnox edlo;pJgr:gmr H;mI:d/cr:y/mr;lIes h/mr;
d/br;bQdr; lzcr;gwr,swr;wwr:lmr anredamr,bnrpznr:lIjwr;
gwr, aigr,bv:lugr;nzcrx anredsJbr,bqnrkunrmKwr:nv;El; gUnr:
mKwr:nv;nnrxyU,> edamr,tugr,lIjzmr:g/crjfr ncr,kfr;lo;lzcr;mUnr;
d/cr:egLv,nQnr,> edlo;pJgr:gmrawrloz:lzo: amr,hibr;amr,nQdr;
h/nrxedv,H;d/cr:y/mr;lI lo;kJbr;nv;mv:es lugr;nzcrxd/mr:jfrEl;
gUnr:mKcr:egv; tJcrebv:lo;boy/cr;j/cr;jzmr: d/cr:y/mr;kunrmKcr:lI
nnrxyU,>
7. agregvt = amr,jfrlmr
kunrnox gJcr,lIlo;woxjfrgf/cr;kf/cr edlo;Ew;lzcr;sI,egxeh;
dv< edlo;h/mr;d/br;lzcr;woxjfr anrkfr;dzbr,dQnr:d/cr:pidr:sfr,
nKwrgUnr:mKcr:nnrxyU,> ebv:mI:lzcr;lUwr,dQbr:ddr: anrgqwr,lUYr;
xmrf:ckefurf Odyf:bdlif; \ 195
8. awihimrs = amr,dqgr:dqcr
edlo;woxjfrpqcr,bqcr:gnrdcr:sqcr; jqmrgUnr:mKcr:El; jKwr:
pU;h/br,g/nrjzmr: dv,gUnr:dcr:nmrnnrxes eh.gcr;lzcr;anr
amr,h/nrxjfrnKwrgnr lzcr;anrkI,nqgr:dqgr:dqcrgnrnnrxyU,> ed
lo;woxjfrpv,g/crw/cr:kJcr;es H;lzcr;cmr:yqnr anrlzdr;d/cr:pidr:
pQgr,gnr(amr,dqgr:dqcrgnr)El; tugr,emvgnrnfr:dUc,r wUicr:dcr:
nmr jUwr;gv;aznrgUnr:mKcr:s/cr;nv;g/nr dv,jKwrxkKwr:lo;d/cr:
kJnr;yfr, kJbr;nv;mv:yfr:yfr: yznrxkunrmKcr:nnrxyU,>
edlo;gQdr,ekbnrsqnr;d/cr: anredjzmr:yv.gwr: p/o,
kUwr:kzcrcJnr:kmr: anredlo;dKwr:lKwrmv:hcr:pfrhcr:mnr:El; ed
lo;cKcrxEw; anrawra/mr:ndr; anramr,mQnr;jzmr:wzcr,Cdv:es kI,
nqgr:ginrjigr:dzgr,jzgr:gnr nfr:sunr,pfrsunr,mnr:nnrxyU,> lKwr
esa/mr:ndr; bgr:bKcrm/omI;kunrmKcr: anrdmr:woxnnrx amr,tugr,
196 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2005
lIlo;awrd/cr,jKwrxd/cr,bKcr mv:cmrsfr,elv:bKcr anrgUnr:mKcr:dcr:
nmr amr,lo;jfres ebv:lo;lU.sumr:jzmr:tQcr;nnrxyU,>
pJnraicr
1. dUnrkU:lUcrjwr;Csv,bYr,Yv,epv:g mKcr:sU;< gmr,ebv:j
hidRv,sI,< ebv.gmr:hv;< bI 1998>
xmrf:ckefurf Odyf:bdlif; \ 201
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥¥ ¥ = jwr;mhv,es,n
mKwr;bo,lo;l/dr;En lzcr;wdr.budr.twihv,Rno. pU;dQmr;
ligr; kfr;l/dr;En lzcr;jnr.jzmrEl; wqcr:azgr.jrFKdr.drEl;
lzcr;jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr: Ed,awrrmKwr;mnr:jwr;
dJgr.mI:bo/:wUnr. dv,eddcr;wdr.El; kdr:jfrh/cr;hQnr:dUwr;dnr:
dv,kJcrbzcrs/cr;wdr.kJnr;mv:> mnr:y/br,’iwr? mnr:co/;anrwv;nnr.
kT;H;pU;lUligr;hwr:kwr ”.jzmr:lzgr:lo/: bo/:wUnr.< pQnrg/nr< bKcr
hqdr:bKcrs/cr;mnr:jwr;nnr.yU,> jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi
kmr: go.l/dr;wv;-
@@yKcr:a/nr:wo.sucrsucr< jucrgnry/cr;kJdr:kJdr:<
dJdr.bgr:pQnrdQdr;dQdr;< lQdr:kwr;azgr,gUnr:sucr<
mucr;hvWmr:bYr,Yv,< dznr;dv,lo;bUgr:bzcr jKwr.j/dr;<
pv,sv, El;sv,snv,## ncr,noywr.>
bo/:wUnr. dv,eds/cr;wdr.do:nzgr;mKcr:no. jwr;kU:emvlUcr
hwr: dJnr:dmr:w/cr:pQnrwo. jqmrmKwr;mnr:jwr; bo,lo;azgr,nzgr;mKcr:
nnr.ywr.> mnr:jwr;go.go.l/dr;wv; ebv:hwr:eda/nr:s/cr;jnr.
jzmr nfr:mKcr:do:no lUwr,lo;mI:wdr.nzgr;mKcr:hcr:gUYr:gznr, jcr,ed
j/cr;hqdr:lo;noywr.> wdr.dI;nzgr;mKcr:no. yKcr:a/nr:dv,jnr.
jzmrhwr: ebv:edmI:dI;gbr:sJbr,didr:edv, kwr;azgr,nzgr;mKcr:lo;<
dv,H;kU:sznrdI;jnr.jzmrhwr: ebv:lo;gfv,hvdUwrtUbr:nzgr;mKcr:es
yzcr;jnr.t/nr;dUwrgwr, H;ebv:kJdr:jnr.< hqdr:H;bKnr;yzmr:hbr.
mgr:mnr;hwr:lo;noywr.> mKwr;pzcr:pU;dQmr;ligr; lo;gfv,jzo;g/nrmnr:
jwr; dI;wdr.azgr.jrFKdr.drnnr. jwr;kU:go.y/mr;l/dr;wv; @@gqwr,
lUYr;g/nrgfv,hvlqbr;hqnr:nzgr;mKcr:no. lUwr,H;gUnr:hwr:gfv,mv: jKcr.
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 203
1
ekv;munr:dI;wqbrxso/. www.ox.ac.uk
204 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2004
bqnrg/nrbJnrEp;sv,snv,El; p/o,lqbr;hqnr:pv,sv,bv,linnr.
ywr.> dUwrligr;bv,li anrkwrkUcrazgr,nnr. bqnrwo.dUwrligr; agr.k
Rv,bv,li RUwrOmnrO (Pali texts in roman characters) es bidgdr;
tmr:jwr; anrbqnrdUwrligr;agr.kRv,bv,li RUwrOm/nrO (anrhwr:
wv; bv,liacr:gidr:)nnr.egv; lo;wv;gKdr,bqnrmv: mKwr;b/nrnnr.
ncr,gwr,ywr.>
anrbqnrjnr.jzmrjJwr;sqcrlJwr:yznr; Wnr;dUwr;gmr,pv,
jnr.jzmrazgr.jrFKdr.drno. jzmr:ncr, nmr.gdr.egv;lUwr,mI:<
cJnr:egv;lUwr,dqmrtUnr;gznr, jcr,kJnr;lo;noEl; t/cr,wv;nfr:do:
hwr:no. amr,mI:egv.lfr edkJnr;tJcrlo;noywr.> gUYr:nv, ‘iwrbqnr
nnr bKnr;kJnr;tJcrlo;dI;lfregv; lzcr;wv;do:hwr:egv; kJnr;tJcrlo;
mKnrbKnr; bqcr:bKnr;lo;yU,anrwv;nnr. jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,m
sv,mi kmr:hwr: lo;Enlgr:t/nrmnr:gfv, mKwr; October 2004 nnr.
jQcr;jQcr;yU,ywr.>
nfr:do:hwr:no. pU;anrlo;kJnr;hqnr: dI;jnr.jzmrazgr.
FKdr,no. bqnrjwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr: anrbqnrpU;
aznrbo k/wr:d/cr:sI,”wr, El; bqnrpU;anraznr”wr bUgr:dcr;wdr.
budr.twihv,R(Oxford Buddha Vihara)nnr.ywr.> nfr:wqcr:azgr.jr
FKdr.drnnr. mKwr;aznrd/cr: wdr.et,Rwvdanrwv;no. pTdJnr:
bo,lo;aznrdcr;mv:esbzgr;< anrjwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi
kmr: aznr”wrdcr;gfv,no. bqnrbzgr;aznrd/cr:bKnr;sudr:sudr:ywr.>
k/wr:d/cr:jwr;kU: Ed,azgr,nzgr;mKcr:<
jwr;kU:emvlUcrhwr:no. Ed,azgr,nzgr;mKcr: mKwr;bI 1991 nI;<
lo;gfv,lqbr;hqnr:g/nrhqnr: dI;mKcr:to: 7 lKnres sJbr,k/wr:d/cr:
mv:mKcr:sI,”wr,> mKwr;bI 1992 nnr. mnr:jwr;jUbr: M.A dI;jnr.jzmr
Kelaniya El; jnr.jzmr BPU szcrdI;> wo/:nnr.ywr. mnr:jwr;
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 205
Ed,dcr;bqnrwdr.jUwr;k/wr:
mKwr;mnr:jwr; yU,swr:dI;”cr:swr: nfr:jnr.jzmrazgr.jr
FKdr.drnnr. nfr:k/wr:d/cr:s/mrbIbo/nnr. go.go.mI:dgv,do:< to:<
m/nr;< glv:< ek,El; gUnr:acr:girdr:kwr mv:sU,jfr:El; mv:tzmr,
Cdv:dI;mnr:jwr;jKwr:nnr. mI:nmred.ed.> ebv:dgv,stv:kwr
mv:nmrjJcr dI;yU,dI;swr:smr.gQbr;wo.El; tJcrmv:bI 2003 nI;
nnr. mnr:jwr;jcr,aubr,aUwr:gnr dcr:dgv,stv:kwr jKwr:bqnr
dzgr.dKwr,emvyvdo:< m/nr;< glv:< jwr;kzcrsQcr,kwr;pgr:to:El;
gUnr:acr:gidr:kwres pzdr;jumr:dv,hqdr:wdr. nfr:w/cr:jnr.jzmr
azgr.jrFKdr.drnnr.ywr.> wo/:eskzdr,pzdr;jumr:mv:ywr. lo;hqdr:
b/crgumr dv,edhvk/dr;dI;”inr: hqdr:dI;Wcr;g/nrwdr. wo.dv,jUwr;
k/wr:noywr.> jzmr:ncr,m/okbr:mnr:jwr; mI:wo.nnr. jcr,lo;k/dr;
”inr:szcrjnr. dI; 34 Croft Road, Marston, Oxford OX3 0LA
nnr.es bnrjJwr;wv; azgr.jrFKdr.drbudr.twihv,R (Oxford
Buddha Vihara) noywr.>
gv;k/dr;”inr:nnr. nJcr;lKnrlo;bnr 750 bznr:dr (cJnr:
acr:gidr:)> tJcrmv: lKnrsQbr.tQmr,BKwr, bI 2003 nI;nnr. mnr:jwr;
ko/.azgr,dI;”cr:swr: nT:jnr.jzmrnnr.es mv:yU,dI;wdr.nnr.
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 207
sJwr.lo;dI;ncrlinrwdr.
wo/:eskwr;mv:yU,nT:wdr. anrk/dr;wo.ywr.nnr. jwr;kU:
emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr:El; scr,kdo: mKcr:aicr,glnr, ”mr;
bv: jumr:bzcrg/nrwdr.dcr:sqcr; go.go.hqdr:b/crgumrgU;lKnr dv,hvsJwr.
nv;dI;hqdr:wdr.nnr.ywr.> dI;”inr:anrbKnr;kfr;ko/nnr. mI:nmr
yU,esdv. m/crdI;mQnr;jfres amr,mQnr;gv;mnr:< m/crdI;mQnr;gv;
smr.amr,tugr,jTEl; dv,edsJwr.ncrlinrwdr.no. k/wr:y/mr:
mnr:ebv:‘icrbqnrbIywr.>
tJcrmv: lKnreav:g/dr.< bI 2004 nI;nnr. jcr,hnrmQnr;
dI;anrtugr,jfr< anrgv;mnr:egv;tugr,< gfv,gfv,mv:mv:egv;co/; smr.
bqnr dI;anrgdr:gdr:yqnryqnr amr,sugr.sgr.nnr.yU,> “inr:
lcrno. bqnr”inr:szzcrjnr.es Wcr;nznr:mI:hv;Wcr;< Wcr;nmr. mI:szcr
Wcr;< nv;w/cr:mnr:egv; mI:dI;gJdr:lUdr.lo;nmr< d/cr:lcr”inr:
nnr. smr.mI:sUnrwo.El; edlo;wv; bqnrdI;anrs/cr,tugr,wo.ed.
ed.noywr.> “iinr:lcrno. hqcr:ligr;mnr: 33 Cherwell Drive,
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 209
ko/.yU,wdr.mfr,
mKwr;wnr:tI. 12< lKnrsQbr.tQmr,bKwr,< bI 2004 nI;nnr. jcr,
lo;ko/.yU,wdr.mfr,nnr.ywr.> wnr:ko/.wdr.nnr. yznr.wv; amr,ebv:
gognr dcr:dI;yU,gwr,nnr.El; lugr;hqnr:jKwr:bqnrgUwr:RI:yv:<
to:El; m/nr;kwr aznrgnrmv:jzo;edv.kUwr:dcr:nmrEl; kJcr;wnr:
nJcr;gUYr:egv; ebv:ko/.ywr.mUdr:ywr;> kUwr:gmr;nmrEd. bqnrbbr.
ligr;jwr;kU:emvlUcrhwr: lo;Wmrmv: jqmrmKwr;kwr;hqnr: dI;jnr.jzmr
azgr.jrFKdr.dr< edv.mv:dI;mKcr:to:< mKcr:m/nr;< mKcr:sI;”wr,El;
sJwr.dI;aicr,glnr,jKwr:nnr.ywr.> bbr.jKwr:nnr. ebv:a/nr,”wr
hqcrmnr:ywr.> dv,Wcr;nJcr; awrhqdr:bqnr”cr:dUYr:ligr;es lo;wv;
bqnr”cr:dUYr:ligr; anrmI:bbr.ligr;ej:wo.anrnJcr;noywr.> lo;
cinr:mnr:jwr;wv; gv;bbr.jKwr:nnr. mQnr;cJnr:edv,lv,a/nr,mJnr,
mnr:noyU,ywr.>
bzo:lU,s/cr,g/nr:gtinr,El; y/dr,nmr.wdr.mT,
wo/:eskwr;mv:yU,wdr.nnr.ywr. yznr.wnr:bzo:gtinr,egv;
jmrmv:El; jcr,nQdr;kbr:kJcrhqdr:ligr; pidr;mzgr,tJcrdgv,stv:
kwr mv:”mr;lU,”mr;d/nr:nnr.ywr.> wv;nnresdv. yznr.bKwr;dI;
wdr.mT,nnr.gQbr;nv, amr,kwr;gUnr:nmrlo;> tQcr;lzcr;nJcr; jcr,hv
210 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2004
mv:yU,mfr,gUYr:es gUwrmnr:gJcr.g/cr.l/gr,lo/:dv gUnr:himr:Wmr:nnr.
El; dI;hqdr:boz:nnr. lo;k/dr;”cr:hqnr: anrjmrwdr.nnr.es
hqdr:s/cr;b/crbzo:gfv,yU,ywr.> mKwr;Ed,ko/.gfv,yU,nnr. dcr:jwr;kU:
bYr,Yv,wmr,s hv:szcrjwr; lo;gfv,dgr.no/ gbr:sJbr,mJdr;kwr< l/dr;
Enlzcr;d/cr: anrhwr:mv:yU, nfr:bzgr.nfr:yzmr,kwrnnr.yU,ywr.>
tJcrmv:wnr:tI. 7< nUwrwQmr,bKwr,nnr. lo;hqdr:bzo:gtinr,
El; boz:y/dr,nmr.wdr.mfr, nfr:wnr:lqwrgnryU,ywr.> nfr:wnr:bzo:
nnr. mI:dgv,stv:to:< l/wr:< m/nr;< glv:El; acr:gidr:mzgr;
300 egv. mv:”mr;lU,”mr;d/nr:jzmr:yU,> dv,hvcJnr:lU,kwr;nT:wdr.
nnr. dgv,stv:to:kwrgmr;pzcr; lo;hqdr:d/cr:ko/mv:ko/nrf:bzo:< gmr;
pzcr; hqdr:kwr;szo:es jv,g< gmr;pzcr; h/cr;hQnr:av:h/nr< m/gr,w/gr;
d/cr:ginrdI;”inr:es mv:”mr;lU,”mr;d/nr:> yznr.bKwr; dgv,stv:
kwr mv:lU,mv:d/nr:nmrEl; wnr:nnr. kwr;pgr:< m/gr,w/gr;d/cr:
girnr nmrebv:lUnrxebv:lKwryU,ywr.> pU;mv:kwr;bzo:kwregv; nv;jJnr;
dvsfr jUmr:jUmr:sKwr:sKwr: hcr:pfrhcr:mnr:yU,> scr,kv,kwrjwr; jKwr:
anrmv:hbr. dv,nd/cr:d/nr:nnr. bqnrjwr;to:< do:< m/nr;El;
sI,”wr,kwrywr.>
jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr: ehv:Cdv:lzcr; gtinr,
po/,acr:girdr:ywr.es g/wr,bJdr,puYr, wdr.azgr.jrFKdr.dr
gfv,yU,ywr.> kKwr:pRcr,kwr anrmv:”mr;mUnr;”mr;ebLv,jzmr:gmr;pzcr;
egv; yznr.bKwr; amr,dznr.y/mr;lo;hnrbzo:jKcr.nomv:esbzgr;El;
bqnranrl/gr,l/o: lIa/mr:wo.hcr:kwryU,> wnr:nnr. d/cr:ginrav:
h/nrnmrnv, ginrebv:amr,mUdr:amr,sqcr;lo;El; kwrycr:wv; wnr:
bzo:av:h/nr (food festival) nolU:gznr,> wo/:es boz:ywr.dUwr;ywr.
m/gr,w/gr;d/cr:ginrjKwr:nnr. ycr:dJgr.gJdr:dcr:nmrEl; lo;awr
gfv,dznr; gUnr:himr:Wmr:jKwr:nnr.yU,> gUnr:mKcr:nnr. yznr.kwr
amr,mI:Ficr;tucr: yJnr;bnrd/cr:ginr “inr:dT;”inr:nKwrEl; kwr
aznrgnr dUgr:jfrjUmr:sKwr:gfv,ed.ed.>
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 211
lzcr;cJnr:jfr.jo/,
gv;sJwr.wdr. dUgr:cJnr: 340,000 bznr:dr< lo;gU;yimr nT:ey:
cJnr: (Bank) dv, 250,000 bznr:dr yU,ywr.> dJgr.lo;so/;kJnr: dv,
90,000 bznr:drgUYr:> jUwr;gv;bo,dQnr:lo;kJnr:mUdr:mUdr:nnr. ed
lo;dQnr:kJnr: 1,600 bznr:drgU;lKnr dv, 25 bIyU,ywr.> cJnr:d/nr:
wdr. anrkwr;mv:nT:ey:cJnr: nJcr;lKnredmI:mzgr; 2,300 bznr:dr 3 <
gUYr:gv; amr,bo,lo;sznr,bv: cJnr:lU,d/nr:dcr:nzgr;El; cJrnr:
pv.bv,4 jKwr:nnr.> anrbqnrjwr;dv,nlUcr anrhQcr:yT, dv,egv,
s/cr;wdr.kJnr;mv:lo;no. edlo;wv; bqnrebv;azgr, dzgr.dKwr, egLv,
dqnr:+Em;azgr, n/cr:pUcr:gQwr;kwr El; ebv;azgr, dzgr.dKwr, jo/:
dinr,mzcr,+Em;azgr, jwr;tqcr,winr: 5 kwrjKwr:no.ywr.>
dgv,kwr;szmr: gU;wnr:wnr:
nfr:wqcr:azgr.jrFKdr.drnnr. mI:l/nr.ko/kwr;pgr:to:s/mr
sQcr,< kwrlU,d/nr:kwr;szmr: jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mihwr: jqmr
mKwr;mnr:jwr; dJgr.kJnr;hqnr:yU,nnr.ywr.> mKwr;lqwregv; kwrdJgr.
bqnrdgv,kwr;szmr:wdr.wo.yU,> dgv,stv: anryU,goegv; hqdr:sfr,
gzgr:sfr,gQcr.es mv:d/nr:< jKwr:anryU,jmregv; ebv:wnr:dnr:no
aznrgnrawrmv:d/nr:jKcr.noyU,dv,es,> gzbr;nnrEl; kKcr;jfr.
bRigr.kRv,El; d/cr:ginrd/cr:yQmr.jKwr:no. lKcr,nmrwo.dv,es,>
3
cJnr:kwr;”wrlKnr(Standing order)< anrjwr;ej,dnv,kwr scr,l/dr;wo.dI;
ey:cJnr:kwr dv,lzo:cJnr:kwr; nfr:mo/ey:cJnr:wdr. lKnrlfrlKnrnnr.>
4
pv.bv,anrwv;nnr. bzcr,wv; bJnrp/wr,pidr;mzgr, lzcr;wv;edhqdr:gGcr:< amr,nnr
bzo:lU,bzo:d/nr: esanranresazgr,ligr; amr,nnr azgr,k/wr,mQdr.dv,tJcr
jKwr:anrmI:ej,dnv, dv,jzo;”mr;s/cr;g/nrd/cr:lI anrgqwr,lUYr;g/nrgusUwr,
dcr:nmr>
5
dzgr.dKwr, egLv,dqnr: bqnrek,dUnr;dI:< bqnremvyvlUcr< yU,aicr,glnr, 30 bIbo/>
Em;azgr, pUcr:gQwr; bqnrlugr;l/nrjwr;Fv.gqcr:ducr> dzgr.dKwr, jo/:dinr,mzcr, bqnr
do:< bqnremvyvlUcr< yU,aicr,lnr, 30 bIbo/< Em;azgr,tqcr,winr: bqnrkKwr:jwr;Fv.
mzgr,mo,>
212 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2004
b/crCdv:wibsrsnv,
d/cr:yKcr:a/nr:wdr.no. H;bqnrdI;gUnr:dcr:nmr lo;bJcr;<
dv,bJnrEp; ekv;scr,sznrbudr.tjwr;< dv,bqnrdI;sJbr,hvkUnrxkfv.
ekv;munr:gqwr,lUYr; sv,snv,budr.tnoEl; jcr,lo;bJdr,b/crCdv:
gU;wnr:sugr:< d/mr:kmr; 6P30 mUcr: edv,tJcr 8 mUcr:< mI:g/nrsUdr,
mUnr:wo;Cpv:< ncr;Cdv:< jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mihwr: sbr:
lQcr:En lzcr;wibsrsnv,< dzbr,bnrhvCdv: ekv;kmrjfrdgv,< pU;mv:
ncr;Cdv: bqnrj/wr:gUwr:RI:yv:< to:< m/nr;El; acr:gidr:jKwr:no.
ywrx>
wnr:av:didr. nT:wUcr;tI.szcr gU;lKnrgU;lKnrnnr. lo;mI:
b/crCdv:wibsrsnv, dv,dgv,stv: jKwr:anramr,mI:k/wr:y/mr: mv:
lo;gU;wnr:sugr:nnr.ywr.>
“cr:hqnr: wnr:av:didr.
Ed,bJdr,mv: lKnreav:g/dr. bI 2004> dI;wdr.gwr,nnr.
mI:lugr;hqnr: 7 egv.< lugr;aznr,to: 2 egv.< lugr;aznr,acr:gidr:
s/mregv.El; gUnr:lUcracr:gidr:szcregv.< kU:sznrs/mrjwr;> bzdr:
nfr sznrbnr anrgqwr,lUYr;lzcr; sv,snv,budr.t< bzdr:wnr:
sznrbnrligr;to:>
”cr:hqnr:mKwr;lqwrno. bzdr:wnr: 2 mUcr: edv,tJcr 3 mUcr:< sznr
bnr anrgqwr,lUYr;lzcr; sv,snv,budr.t< aznrwo;Cpv:El; ncr;
Cdv:> wo/:wnr: 3 mUcr: edv,tJcr 4 mUcr: sznrbnrligr;to:>
scr,kjwr; anryU,swr:nfr:wdr.
dgv,stv:wdr.no. mI: do:< to:< m/nr;< glv:sI,”wr,< l/wr:
El; acr:gidr:jKwr:no.El; scr,kjwr; anredmv:jzo;g/nrdI;
wdr.no.egv; tugr,lIbqnrjwr; anremvl/dr;lo/pv,sv,gznr, jcr,
edtugr,mQnr;ywr.> mKwr;lqwr scr,kdo: mI:wo.s/mrdUnr(1) jwr;kU:
emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr:< (2) jwr;kU:bYv,wmr,s sQcrbnr
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 213
(dJgr.hqnr: Ph.D) El; (3) jwr;kU:pdr.diy lcr:sT (ywr. M.A
sI,”wr,) “mr;bv: jwr;to:szcrjwr;< kwrjwr;mv:yU,jzmr: jUwr;nfr:wv,
s/mrlKnr> munrjwr;gUwr:RI:yv:jwr;nJcr;< mnr:jwr; jmrywr. Ph.D
dI;azgr.jr FKdr.drbqnrjKwr:no.ywr.>
lzcr;egv,s/cr;tQcr; nfr:wdr.
pU;yfr,gUnr:lUcrEl; munrjwr;mI:jJwr;sqcryfr,jKwr:no. ebv:
kwrmv:lqbr;hqnr: wqcr:azgr.jrFKdr.drno. kwrdJnr:Ew.swr: dI;wdr.
nnr.ywr.> y/mr:mKwr;mI:kQgr,mv:nnr. yznr.wv; wdr.lqgr.nv, bo,mI:
dI;bqcr:ebv:h/nr.jTEl; jcr,lo;egv,s/cr;svlv: dI;nfr:sUnr po/,
lcrwdr.nnr. tQcr;lcrnJcr;ywr.> sv,lv:nnr. yKcr:a/nr:H;
bqnr dI;k/mr,kQgr,< dI;lJwr;swr:kQgr,< “cr:hqnr:sznrlzcr;sv,snv,
budr.tEl; dI;ncr;Cdv:wibsrsnv,jKwr:no.ywr.>
jumr:pv.bv, 6 mKcr:gzgr,
mKwr;wnr:tI. 21< lKnr June< bI 2005 nnr. jwr;gf/nr:wdr.
lUcr wdr.pRv.R/mr:gwr; (วัดพระราม ๙ กาญจนาภิเษก)7 aznr”wr po/, scr,k
jwr;< jo/:apisidr, wqdrxkLv:kLIOw pU;bqnr”wrnv;bv,dI, po/,kdr:
s/cr;< bv,dI,BRv,kLv:tiBdr, aznr”wrpo/,gUnr:”inr:es lo;hqdr:bzo:
lU,pv.bv, dv,hvcJnr:gmr.jzo; wdr.azgr.jrFKdr.dr< dI;nfr:wdr.lUcr
Bwznr:niwqdr.wih/Rr anrbqnrwdr.scr,kRv,jv, mKcr:to:nnr.ywr.>
dv,to:kwr edj/cr;”mr;lU,“mr;d/nr:jzmr:lo;nnr. kwrlo;bJdr,
6
pv.bv,-anrwv;nnr. bzcr,wv; bJnrp/wr,pidr;mzgr, lzcr;wv;edhqdr:gGcr:< amr,
nnr bzo:lU,bzo:d/nr: esanranresazgr,ligr; amr,nnr azgr,k/wr,mqdr.dv,
tJcrjKwr: anrmI:ej,dnv, dv,jzo;”mr;s/cr;g/nrd/cr:lI anrgqwr,lUYr;g/nr
gusUwr,dcr:nmr>
7
wdr.pRv.R/mr:gwr;no. bqnrwdr. anrkunrehvkmr:bv:mKwr;lqwr egv,s/cr;lU,d/nr:
wo.nnr.ywr.>
214 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2004
puYr,wo. mo/ey:cJnr: (Bank Account) dI;ey:cJnr:b/crgzgr,
(Bangkok Bank) dI;mKcr:to:nnr.ywr.> k/wr:y/mr: anrlo;bJnr
p/wr, jdr:hqdr:pv.bv,nox mI:szcrb/dr;gUYr:esdv. gUYr:lo;hbrx
dv,ncJnr:d/nr: dI;to:kwr szcrl/nr.hv;sQnrw/dr, cJnr:to:
(2,500,000 bath) yU,ywr.> nT:jKwr:nnr. anrl/gr,lo/:nv,
nnr. dgv,stv:n/cr:yicr:egv.nJcr; lo;“.k/wr, lzcr;wv;bJnrp/wr,
hqdr:pv.bv,no mI:ejdnv,jKmr;jJmr:nv,es sJbr,s/o d/nr:
cJnr:mv: dv,egv,s/cr; wdr.mT,azgr.jrFKdr.dr cJnr:to:l/nr.w/dr,
(1,000,000) gmr:lqwryU, ywr.>
pzcr:mKwr; jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mihwr: gfv,kwr;”mr;b/cr
bzo:wisv,k(lKnr”gr:mUnr:) dI;gucr:tqbr;nnr. bKnr;pidr;b/cr:es
dzcr;t/mr (interview) mnr:jwr; lzcr;lo;bJnrEp;sv,snv,budr.
t mKcr:wnr:dUgr:El; egv,s/cr;wdr. aigr,bv:lzcr;g/nrhqnr: mKcr:
wnr:dUgr: Ed,gfv,jKwr:no. awrazgr,k/wr,bnr nT:tI:wI:(TV)El;
azmrlUmr: (Radio) dI;nT:mKcr:to:yU,ywr.> yznr.lUYr; lo;mI:sunr,
bJnrk/wr,azgr, lzcr;wdr.do:azgr.jrFKdr.dr jzmr:ncr,anrl/dr;
mv:nnr.El; dgv,stv:to:dcr:nmr lo;”.jgr: wdr.azgr.jr
FKdr.drno.wo.mKnrncr,wdr.to:nnr.yU,ywr.>
tJcrmv:wnr:tI. 30, June, 2005 nnr. pU:gf/nr:wdr.pRv.
R/mr:gwr; jwr;Csv,lUcrpRv.tqbr.y/nr:wisidr, “mr;bv:lugr;sidr;
mnr:jwr; awrd/cr:lU,pv.bv,es Wdr;pQwrmKcr:aicr,glnr,ywr.>
jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,miEl; dgv,stv:kwr aznranrgfv,
hbr.dznr;kwrjwr; dI;kUcr,”iwr:minr hqdrOtRUwrO(Heathrow) mv:ed
swr: dI;wdr.azgr.jrFKdr.drno.ywr.> pzcr:jwr;Csv,lUcrkwr mI:yU,
dI;aicr,glnr, 11 wnr:nnrx jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mihwr:
h/cr;hQnr:w/cr:pQnr dv,wnr:lfrwnr:nnr.es aznrawrjwr;Csv,
lUcrkwr El,lqbr;hqnr:dUYr: jnr.jzmrazgr.jrFKdr.dr< jnr.jzmr
owf.tgguf.qf'ldwf.wf ykwf.xodpjI \ 215
bzo:dv, lKnrlfrlKnrnnr.
lKnr January bzo:wnr:kJnr;bImfr,
lKnr Febuary bzo:mv,kbU,jv, wnr:lKnrs/mrmUnr:
lKnr April bzo:sznr:nmr. lKnrhv;s/cr:gL/nr,
lKnr May bzo:wisv,kbUjv, lKnr;”gr:mUnr:
lKnr July bzo:asv,RhbU,jv, wnr:kwr;wv,
lKnr October bzo:azgr,wv,< wnr:apitmr,mv,
lKnr November bzo:lU,s/cr,g/nr:gticr,
lKnr December bzo:wnr:gKdr,kunrehvkmr:to:>
nfr:szcrbIbUnr.mv:no. lzcr;anrlIjUmr:sKwr: dv,bI;nzcr.do:
mI:wo. lo/lzcr;lo/anrwo.ywr.> mKnrncr, jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,m
sv,mi dcr;lo;wdr.azgr.jrFKdr.drmv: dI;nfr:wqcr:azgr.jrFKdr.dr<
jwr;kU:mhv,Yv,ninr, “mr;scr,kdo: dcr;lo;wdr.tQcr; nfr:lnr,
8
jnr.jzmrkQmr:BRidr, (Cambridge)no. bqnrjnr.jzmrgwr,eg,tI.szcrnT:lUgr;<
d/mr: azgr.jrFKdr.drywr.>
216 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD< 2004
dnr,< anrjwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi lo;jumr;kU: PhD (Doctor
9
of Philosophy) dI;jnr.jzmrazgr.jrFKdr.dr> lKwresnnr. jwr;
kU:emvlUcr Dr. eg,lv,nnr,d lo;jumr;kU: PhD dI;ainr:dI:yv:<
ywr.egv; anrjwr;scr,kdo: hqnr:ligr;dI;sI,”wr, aznrgnrazcr,
ligr;dcr:nmrEl; lo;l/wrjzcr;dcr:nmr< jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmr,
msv,mi lo;kwr;bqnrgUnr:lUcr nfr:jnr.jzmrmKcr:to:El; mKcr;m/nr;<
anrmnr:jwr; lo;mKwr:kwr;b/crgumrlUcrj/wr:budr. dI;gmr,pv,ea:
(the world Buddhist submit)dv;gucr;> lKwresnnr. anrmnr: jwr;
lo;bqnrpU;kbr:kJcrh/cr;hQnr: dv,hqdr:b/crbzo:wisv,k (Visakha Puja)
dI;mKcr:gzgr, anrmunrjwr;j/wr:budr. dcr:lumr;Fv. aznrgnr
mv:”mr;kwr;nnr.ywr.> 10
dcr;awrno.gfv, hwr:edlo;hnr lzcr;kJbr;nv;kJnr;yfr,El;
lzcr;anrlI”mrjUmr:tQcr;dcr:nmrywr.> gUYr:gv; hwr:amr,gJcr,lI
bqcr:ebv:h/nr.jTes ”mrjUmr:lo/lo/gUYr:anrwv;nnr. kT;H;do:hwr:
bzcr,jTyT,nmres tugr,lIyKcr;awr d/cr:hqdr:d/cr:s/cr;kwrjwr;
El; kdr:jTH;mI:lzcr;kJnr;yT,kJbr;nv; hcr:pTmnr:es H;do:lo;mI:
bJnr:h/cr;lIgJgr:kKwr: nT:lUgr;esgmr:no yznr:sU:bdr.tnv,ncr,
noes-
dI;gbr:sJbr, wdr.azgr.jrFKdr.dr
Oxford Buddhavihara
33 Cherwell Drive, Marston, Oxford, OX3 0NB, U.K.
FUnr:- 0044-1865 791591
aIOmqwrO- oxford_buddhavihara@yahoo.co.uk
wqbrxso/.- www.oxfordbuddhavihara.org.uk
9
pJnrkUnr.kfv. lzcr;g/nrhqnr:scr,kmKcr:m/nr;< mKcr:to: Ed,jqmrmKwr;”wrb/gr, 17
edv,tJcry/mr:lqwr >
10
Dr. jwr;kU:tmr,m bqnrpU;d/crdQnr:scr,k nfr:gunryU:Rubr, dcr;sqcr;>
qkdef,sv;wkdef,pefzgef:vh;
jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr tmrmsvmi kmr:
nT: bI 2004-2005
jwr;kU:bYrYvepvg (‘icr:sQcr-mKcr:sU;)
gf/mr:nmr:
^jJnr,El;dJnr,hnrpznr:lo;jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr. tmrmsv
mikmr:nT:bI 2004-2005&no.yKcr:jU:kT;H;bqnrbJnr:gQbr;< dI;m/odzcr:
gJmr:< mKwr;bIjwrr;kU:lUcrtmr,msv,mi lo;ywr.jumr;kU:nnr.esEl;
jcr,lo;d/cr,bJnr:wo.gmr;pzcr;yU,ywr.> lzcr;jJnr,kdr:jTanrwv;
nnr. gUnr:hwr:mI:yU,gU;egv.< gUYr:gv;mnr:bKcr;gnr> pznr:lo;
(result) anrwv;nnr.egv; gUnr:hwr:gU;egv. ncr,anrlo;kdr:
jTesjJnr,mv:nnr. lo;j/mr,bUYr;yU,hcr:pTmnr:> gUYr:gv;mnr:
bKcr;gnrtQcr; nonnr.Ed.jQcr;lQcr:yU,> gUYr:gv;bqnr’iwregv;lI
mKwr;lo;”.wv; gUnr:hwr:ey;egv. mI:lzcr;kdr:jTjJnr,hQcr: mucr;mo/sucr
esmI:pznr:lo;mnr:mv:nnr. pTpTegv; dJnr:gJcr,lIep;dKnr:muDi
dv, mI:lzcr;“mrjUmr:jzmr:< gJcr,lId/cr,bJnr:h/cr;lI gJgr:kKwr:wo.es
amr,gv: hwr:gJcr,lIawrhqdr:bqnrdznr;sznrlIdv,hwr:yU, yumr,ymr
ncr,no >
mucr;m/o bzcr,wv;scr
anrgf/mr:bv,liwv; ^avsv bdrtnv& 2 nonnr. bqnrspv,
w dv,gUnr:hwr:mucr;mo/ yznr:sU:kT;m/gr;mI:lIbqnr kT;gLv.dv,nT:j/dr;
no.esywr.amr,gv: dI;ea,sudr:mnr: edv,tJcrj/dr;nv;egv;
dJgr.j/cr;mucr;mzcr:wo.yU,> mKnrncr,gUnr:h/cr;jv. mucr;mzcr:dv,ed
bqnrgUnr:h/cr;lI< gUnr:amr,mI:dI;jnrjT mucr;mzcr:dT:kT;bqnr gUnr:mI:
lzcr;jnrjTlo;< egv.amr,mI:lugr;l/cr: mucr;mzcr:kT;H; mI:lugr;l/cr:>
1
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
2
Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume .V p466. reprinted by The Department
of Buddhist Affairs Ministry of Buddhasanana,Colombo Sri Lanka , 2000.
qkdefsv;wkdef,pefzgef:vh; \ 219
3
wdr.do:anrjwr;kU:dcr;dI; mKcr:aicr,glnr,nnr. jJwr;mnr:wv; ^azgr.jrFKdr,dr
budr.twihv,R&noywr.>
222 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
8. anrmnr:jwr; lo;h/cr;hQnr: dv,edEd,dcr;jnr.
jzmrdo: dI;dUnr;dI: jqmrjKwr:no.Ed,gfv,jKwr:no.yU,
ywr.> 4
ncr,anrlo;l/dr:mv: dI;nKwrjKwr:no.egv; edlKgr;awr
lzcr;anrjwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr tmr,msv,mi kmr:lo;ywr. jumr; Ph.D
dI;jnr.jzmr azgr.jrFKdr,dr (Oxford) mKcr:acr:girdr:nnr.es
d/cr,bJnr:gQbr;wo.dI;no;gznr,> hqdr:’iwresEl; mnr:jwr;ywr.jumr;
kU: PhD? jzcr,mnr:jwr; mI:ekv;mUgr:sKcr,scr? Ed,gfv,jKwr:nnr.
hwr:gJcr,lI”.jzmr: sqnr;d/cr:anrmnr:jwr;y/cr;bo aznrb/gr;d/cr:
dv, do:hwr:ebv:lo;”.jgr:jumr;kU: PhD amr,nnr D.Phil nT:do:
hwr:no.es bqnr’iwregv; hwr:gJcr,lI awrgunr:munrcwr:mnr:jwr;<
d/cr:kdr:jTmnr:jwr;< nmr.gdr.mnr:jwr;< lzcr;wo.w/cr:nmr.jT
mnr:jwr;Ed,gfv,jKwr:nnr.yU,ywr.>
s/mrmKcr: ”gr:jnr.jzmr
lzcr;anrwv;jwr;kU:lUcrhwr: bqnrpU;aznr”wrnmr:nv;es
aznrscr,klugr;hqnr:do:dcr:nmr sJbr,azgr,sznrligr;nzgr;mKcr:mv:
nnr. do:hwr:gmr;nmraznrgnr”.tJcrwo.yU,> gUYr:gv; wo/:esjwr;
kU:lUcrhwr: azgr,p/dr,mKcr:sI,”wr,gfv,ywr.es mnr:jwr;smr.sJbr,
hqdr:s/cr;scr< sznrscr< kbr:kJcrscrtQcr;yU, anrwv;nnr.Ed.
gmr;nmredamr,ebv:”.tJcr> gzbr;bKwr; hwr:bzcr,jTgnrwv; g/nrhqnr:
mnr:jwr;sudr:ywr.es amr,lUwr,sJbr, sznrhqnr:scrtQcr;no
nnr.ywr.> dI;Ed.mnr: amr,jT;jJcr.nnr< wo/:esmnr:jwr;
ywr.jumr; M.phil gfv,ywr.nnr. mnr:jwr;amr,mI:lzcr;mUgr: sUicr,
scr lKwresmnr:jwr; sJbr,kdr:jT awratibdisI,bKcrnnr. bqnr
4
yKcr:a/nr:ed,dcr;jnr.jzmr dI;dUnr:dI:nnr. nT:bI2005noo.Ed,Wmrbbr.<
sJwr.bbr.gfv,es dI;ea,sudr: H;mI: 30000bbr. dI;nT:”cr:dUYr:ligr;> edv,tJcrbI
2010 a/nr:lo; bJdr,jnr.jzmrdo:yU,ywr.>
qkdefsv;wkdef,pefzgef:vh; \ 223
ligr;yJnr;dzbr, jwr;kU:gmr;pzcr;
anrgUnr:dcr:nmr lo;sUcr,ligr;< sT,aI:em:lrbqnrmuDidv,
”mrjUmr:jzmr:jKwr:nnr. yznr.lUYr; jwr;kU:ywr.jumr;gfv,nnr.
jwr;kU:amr,j/cr;dQmr;dzbr,egv.lTegv.nnr.El; jwr;kU:jcr,lo;
kznr;jU:gnres dzbr,aI:em:lrmv: jKwr:hwr:lugr;hqnr:gU;dI;dI;
anr lo;hnrmKnrncr,dI;dT;no.ywr.>
6
mfr,sucr jwr;do:hwr:kwr Tuesday,Octorber5,2004
nT:lUgr;dcr;sqcr;kv;…
6
binr,dQmr;awrmv:dI; aI:em:lr anrjwr:kU:tmr,msv,mi d/mrdUwrmnr:jwr;
sUcr,mv:po/,acr:gidr:mKwr;wnr: ti 5.10.04 nnr.ywr.>
qkdefsv;wkdef,pefzgef:vh; \ 227
^mfr,sucrdcr:sqcr;kv;… 7
Sunday,July,17,2005
8
Dean-anrwv;nnr. bqnregv.anrpzmr:cmr: nT:jnr.jzmr,amr,nnregv:
lqgr.no ywr.>
230 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
pzcr:y/mr:b/crhbrxkU:nnrx gmr;pzcr;yU,bfr.woxdI;nzgr;> wo/:
nnrx lugr;hqnr:to:gmr;pzcr; anrdJgrxhqnr:awrjumr;dzgr.
tKwr,kwr dI;azgrxjrFKdr.drnox mv:awrgucr,eyv:munres to,
h/cr;gbr:kv;woxywrx> noxbqnrF/crh/cr;kQmrxlQbr;EdxEdx anrkwr
Enmv:nnrxywrx> dI;no; kv;kfr;kzbr;jfrjwr;hwr:kwrdcr:sqcr;
anrlo;jzo;tQmrkv;hwr:mv: l/ol/obIbUnr.mv:jKwr:nnr.> scr
jKwrxwv; amr,bv:d/cr:jzo;tQmr sUjwr;jKwr:nnr.jJcr dv,kJbr;
nv; awrlo;g/nrhqnr:kv;no. edy/br,lKwrwo.ywr.> ed,awr
mKwr;wnr:nJcr;nnr. gUnr:do:hwr:dcr:nmr yumr,ymrmv:wv;
anrkv;hwr:wUnrxmQnr; jzmr:lzcr;jzmr:Wo:mnr:mv:nox edbqnr
pznr:lIdv,hwr:l/ol/obKcryU,noywrx> lzcr;yumr,ymrkwr dI;
nKwrkv;hwr:no. bqnrwo.lgr:swrsucrhQcr:lUcranrnJcr; mKwr;
k/wr:y/mr: y/br,pJdr,jKwr:nnrxes bqnrhQcr:gU;bKcrbKcr dznr;
dv,d/cr:kdr:jfrkv;hwr: H;Wdr;pQwrlo; dI;anrkv;hwr:kfr;
Wdr;pQwryU,noxywrx>
kzbr;jTtJcrjU: “mr;lUYr;mqdr.dv, jwr;hwr:kwrtQcr;gmr:
nJcr;es…
jwr;kU:tmr,msv,mi ( kmr:mo/)
azgr.jrFKdr.dr>
Sunday, July 30, 2005
pJnraicr
1. ^k/wr:d/cr:hwr:sibr:bI& Our Ten year’s Journey,1991-2001
2. ^mo/gJmr:bIgznr:cJnr:&wdr.sI,Rimcr,glv,so/kKwr: wqcr:mKcr:gudr;<
bIkRidr. 2002< bIdo: 2096< jwr;Csv,nnr,dwmr,s>
3. lankajourney@yahoo.com herngseng@yahoo.com
4. Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume No V.466.Colombo, Sri Lanka.
5. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
6. www.oxfordbuddhavihara.org.uk
9
mo/bbr.mo/gJmr:bIgznr:cJnr:< wdr.sI,Rimcr,glv,s/okKwr:< wqcr:mKcr:gudr;> nv;ligr;52>
ymifbgif;ukif,abj:rkef
qof;cl:arjvlifOmrfqof;sv; qof;cl:arjurf;zgif;
e[:yD 2004-5
sI,Riaznr,
gf/mr:nmr:
b/crgumrlUcrj/wr:budr. gU;mKcr:mKcr: (The World Buddhist
Summit) lo;hqdr:gfv, dI;dv;gucr; mKwr;wnr:tI. 9.10.11A 12A 2004
nnr.yU,ywr.> nT:kQgr,pisqdr, (special guest kQgr,atU:) anrkwr
lo;pidr;mzgr,mv:nnr. bv:jwr;kU:lUcr Dr. tmr,msv,mi kmr: jwr;
nJcr;yU,ywr.> nT:b/crgumrnnr. H;mnr:jwr;l/dr;gf/mr: gqwr,lUYr;
lzcr;nv;g/nrsv,snv, nT:mKcr:wnr:dUgr:nnr.noywr.> gUYr:gv;
amr,dnr:lo;l/dr;< gzbr;wv; mo/kbr:b/crgumrlUcrnnr. amr,jT;bKcr
do/lIlI< g/crnTlo/;nJcr;mqwr:< g/crwnr:lo/;nJcr;mqwr:< mo/kbr:anr
hqdr:wo.mKwr;no. dv,mKwr;pugr;nnr.egv; ebv:tJcrg/crkmr;mv: smr.
j/cr;lo/;tQcr;anrmT,nnr.ywr.> nT:b/crgumrlUcrnnr. amr,lo;
l/dr;scrwo.aznrd/cr:lIlIes gJcr.g/cr.lo;hnrjwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m
El; pU;jdr:g/nr anrbqnrjwr;Csv,YvnidrsR (sI,dgU,Csv,
edv,) yznr:d/cr:jzo;tQmr dI;jwr;kU: H;hqdr:bnrpU;kbr:b/cr nT:
b/craubr,aUwr:gnrnnr.ywr.> bunr;pznr: pU;kbr:b/crno. edlo;”.
jJwr;sqcr pU;kJnr;aubr,aUwr:< ekv;aubr,gumrnnr. edlo;”.jzmr:<
d/mrncr,k/wr:y/mr:mnr:mI:nnr. ebv:l/dr;y/wr: ekv;amr,gqwr,
ymifbgif;ukif,abj:rkef \ 233
wqcr:emv,lmQcr,< mKcr:mznr:
mKwr;wnr:tI. 16. 12. 2004 nnr. Wdr;tJcrwqcr:emv,lmQcr,<
ed:swr:dI;wdr.dzcr,bzgr. 1 > jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m lUcr:lo/:mJwr:es
awrwdr.dzcr,bzgr.no. a/br;bnrjwr;Csv,wvyvm (tmr,mv,jRiy<
mKcr:g/wr< d/cr.y/nr:) ncr,’iwrmnr:jwr; edsJbr,hqdr:g/nrlo;
dQdr;dQdr;edv:edv:nnr.ywr.> mKwr;pzcr:hqdr:b/cra/br;wdr.
nnr. dgv,stv:kwr wqcr:emv,lmQcr, hqdr:b/creyv:munr jwr;kU:lUcr
tmr,m anrlo;jumr;kU: Ph.D dI;jnr.jzmr Oxford< mKcr:acr:gidr:
nnr.ywr.> smr.tQcr; mKwr;pzcr:nnr. mI:b/crdzbr,ligr; sdr.tmr,m
bv,l nT:wqcr:emv,lmQcr,El; jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m gfv,tUbr:pU;mI:bunr;
1
jwr;Csv,lUcr bv:aznrd/cr:nnr. lUcr:lo/:mJwr:es a/br;bnrjwr;kU:lUcr>
234 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD 2005
pznr:kwres lo;aubr,aUwr:gnr lzcr;g/nrhqnr:El; sv,snv,jKwr:
nnr.ywr.>
b/cryzcr;gucr,eyv:munr jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m
1. wdr.do:< gwr;lgr: (bv:eyv:munr t/br;g/mr,)>
2. wdr.dzcr,bzgr.< emv,lmQcr,>
3. wdr.ew,luwnr,< dUnr;dI: (bv:eyv:munr t/br;g/mr,)>
4. gGcr:dUgr:< mKcr:bznr>
5. wdr.bidg/dr;< b/crlUcr>
6. gGcr:b/cr,< lo/:kv;(bv:eyv:munr t/br;g/mr,< gGcr:audr,egv;
eyv:munrt/br;g/mr,)>
7. gGcr:t/dr;edv,< lzolQmr>
8. wdr.”wrkUcr,< dv;kI;lqgr: 2 >
9. wdr.so/mKcr:< dv;kI;lqgr: 3 >
10. gGcr:sv,snewbunrl< wqcr:lKwr,>
11. gGcr:g/crmKcr:< lv;sqwr;>
12. gGcr:Wcr,< mU,ej;>
13. gGcr:edv,g/crwqcr:< nmr.kmr:>
14. gGcr:gmr,mt/nr:< nzcrmznr tucr.bUcr:>
anrpidr;b/cr:wo.es jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m amr,lo;gfv,hbr.
awrnnr.egv; mI:lo/lo/wqcr:>
dUnr;dI:
mKwr;wnr:tI. 25. 12. 2004 nnr. Wdr;tJcrdUnr;dI:> wnr:
tI. 26. 12. 2004 hqdr:b/cryzcr;gucr, eyv:munrjwr;kU:lUcr anrlo;
2
“iwr:winramr,bqnrmv:El; amr,dnr:bqnr>
3
jwr;kU:wv:lUcraznr”wres d/nr:bbr.tmr:bidg/dr;po/,mKcr:< “iwr:winramr,kJnr;
El; jwr;kU:lUcramr,lo;Wdr;pQwrmv:>
ymifbgif;ukif,abj:rkef \ 235
jumr;kU: Ph.D szcrjwr; (jwr;kU:tmr,m< jwr;kU:eg,lv,nnr,d) dI;
wdr.ew,luwnr,> b/cryzcr;gucr,eyv:munr anrno.bqnrdI; lIawrgucr,
awrmunrjzmr:Ed.Ed.> yznr.bKwr;wv; lo;yzcr;eyv: jwr;azcr,ligr;
jnr.sucrsudr:szcrjwr; dI;lqwrgnrnnr.ywr.> mKwr;wnr:tI. 27.
12. 2004 nnr. jwr;Csv,lUcrwijy (tmrmvjRiy)El; jwr;kU:
mehvstvlcrgvR (svmenegLv,< tmrmvjRiy) aznr”wrscr,k
jwr;< jwr;k/wr< dgv,jo/:yicr:kwres hqdr:b/crgumraubr,aUwr: gqwr,
lUYr;g/nrsznrhqnr:gfv,yU,ywr.>
mKwr;pzcr:jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m dJgr.mI:dI;dUnr;dI:nnr. mnr:
jwr;dJgr:sUnr:jumr:n/cr:yicr: sujvdvn/cr:glLv, aznr”wrnmr:
nv;es dcr;bnr”cr:dUYr:ligr; nT:wdr.jwr;k/wrsv,snwmr,sI,
nnr.ywr.> mKwr;lqwr “cr:dUYr:ligr;anrno. bqnrF/crh/cr;mnr;
gQnr,lIes bbr.ligr;egv; jqmrligr;do:< ligr;m/nr;< ligr;acr:gidr:
El;ligr;d/cr,mqwr:jKwr:no. mI:wo.d/nr,d/nr,El; edbqnrdv,gmr.
tQmr pU;lqbr;hqnr:kwrEd.Ed.ywr.>
jwr;kU:y/mr;l/dr;wv; nT:wqcr:azgr.jrFUdr. dI;anrmnr:
jwr; gfv,kJnr;hqnr:nnr. “inr:lTesamr,wv; dv,nJcr;Wcr;no. dJnr:
aznrgnrwo.dv,”cr:dUYr:ligr;noywr.> k/wr:”wrkmr;mv:egv; lo;hnr
do;Fo:es dUYr:ligr;yU,pTpTmnr:mnr:noywr.> bKcrjKcr.nono. kT;
H;bI;nzcr.do:hwr:kwr emvyKcr;jzmr:yU,> pJnrligr;no. amr,kT;H;awr
d/cr,wo. nKwrkqcr,Cpv:es wo;awrlo/lo/< wo;awrlo/lo/no. edamr,
lo;d/cr:”.scr>d/cr:”.gU;smr,sQnrbKcrno. mI:wo.nT:ligr;lo/:El;
edlo;lUa/nr,gznr, d/cr:”.jcr,dKwr:mv:ywr.> gzbr;nnrEl; “cr:
dUYr:ligr;no. bqnrcwr;h/gr; lzcr;d/cr:kJnr;yT,mT,sucrywr.>
mKcr:bznr< b/crlUcr
mKwr;wnr:tI. 28. 12. 2004 nnr. Wdr;tJcrmKcr:bznr> hqdr:
b/cryzcr;gucr,eyv:munr jwr;kU:lUcr anrlo;jumr;kU: Ph.D szcrjwr;
236 \ cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rhm 7 yD 2005
dI;gGcr:dUgr:> wo/:b/cryzcr;gucr,eyv:munrywr. aznrgnrsJbr,k/wr:
d/cr: mKwr:b/crlUcr> mKwr;jmredkwr;wqcr:nnr. lo;hnrCsv,El;dgv,
stv:kwr anraznrgnrmv:bT.hbr.nnr. nmrEd.Ed.< anrkI,
lUdr.kKcr;mv:hbr. mI:mzgr; 300 bo/< gv:mI:mzgr; 30 bo/< “wrtQwr bUnr.wqcr:lzo
lQmrywr.egv; h/crtQwr ycr:dJgr.mI:nzgr;wqcr:yU,> g/crkmr; (7)mUcr:
nnr. jwr;Csv,lUcrYvnsmrpvR aznr”wrnmr:nv;es jwr;Csv,
t/dr;edv,< lzolQmr< scr,kjwr; mzgr; (30) jwr;bo/El; jwr;kU:lUcr
tmr,m lo;hqdr:b/craubr,aUwr:gnr lzcr;g/nrhqnr: scr,kdo:mKwr:nv;>
tJcrg/crnTmv: lo;aznrgnraubr,aUwr: lzcr;dv,edhqdr: b/crbzo:bRi
ydrdi sdr.tmr,mbv,l gQnrjwr; jJcr;do: bI:gznr:kmr: nT:bI 2008
nnr.yU,ywr.>
tJcrmv: (9) mUcr: hqdr:b/cryzcr;gucr;yzcr;eyv:munr jwr;kU:
lUcr Dr. tmrmsvmiEl; jwr;kU:lUcr Dr. eglvnnrd anrlo;
jumr;kU: Ph.D El; jwr;lo;jumr;kU: M.A hv;jwr;yU,ywr.>
lo/:kv;
wnr:tI. 29. 12. 2004 nnr. Wdr;tJcrlo/:kv;> jqmrmKwr;Csv,
El;dgv,stv:kwr lo;cinr:wv;^jwr;kU:tmr,mhwr: edbzgr;mv:
w/nr;gwr,mKcr:lcrwv,&nonnr. gmr;pzcr; aznrgnrmv: bT.hbr.dI;b/cr
lUcrywr.> scr,kv,El; dgv,dI;b/crlUcrgmr;pzcr;egv; jzmr:sUcr,
edv,ebv:tJcr wqcr:lo/:kv;ywr.> jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m lo;y/nrw/nr;
gKdr, mKcr:lcrgfv, 19 bIes kJnr:Wdr;mv:El; bqnranrjTdUcr.dJnr,
jUmr:sKwr:wo.Ed.Ed.ywr.>
dI:lo/:kv;no. d/cr:lIanrjwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m lo;hqdr:gfv,
dI;w/nr;gKdr,mKcr:lcrmnr:jwr; nnr.jJcr hQnr:d/nr:lU,jzmr:ebv;
mnr:jwr;< edv,bnrso/Fo:Fv. dI;w/nr;nzcrb/cr, bzgr.b/cr,dQdr:
dQwr:< Em:gumr:nmr.emv,El; ehv:Cdv:scr,sznrbnr dgv,jKwr:no.
ywr.> nT:b/crCdv:nnr. jwr;kU:lUcrtmr,m yznr:ekv;mnr;gQnr, dI;
ymifbgif;ukif,abj:rkef \ 237
s/cr,jnr.jzmr
ekv;nmr:
g/nrhqnr:scr,kdo: sI,”wr,> lzcr;g/nrhqnr:scr,kdo:sI,
”wr,no. lugr.dI;ekv;lUmr: jUmr:yzdr,kzdr,bqnrdUwrligr;es go.lo;
dzgr,migr;EnpU;lUhwr:kwrmv: nT:bbr.k/wr:d/cr:sI,”wr, jUwr;bUnr.
nnr.dcr:nmryU,> gUYr:gv; jzmr:ncr,bIlKnrwnr: bnr,budr; sudr.
k/o. l/o;lQgr; bQgr,bKcr;mv:digr:digr:nnr. bIno.egv; smr.mI:lzcr;
l/gr,l/o: kJgr.k/o: amr,ebv:kT;c/o:mKnr gU;bIbIbUnr.mv:jKwr:nnr.es
smr.lUwr,j/dr, l/dr;lUYr;lzcr;kJgr.mnr:yU,noEl; jcr,lo;
s/nrhqdr:ekv;k/nrb/gr, dQmr;F/gr,mv:tQcr; wv; @@lugr;do:gdr.lI
bIszcrhqcr;hv;##> nT:s/ok/wr:d/cr:scr,kdo:hwr: azgr,hqnr:ligr;
mv:El; bqnrlzcr;l/gr,l/o:nnr. lo;wv;bI 2005 no.egv; kJgr.k/o:dI;
sudr:yKcr;nJcr;noEl; jcr,lo;gKdr,azg,r gwr.ligr;”wrno.mv:ywr.>
edkwr;bv:lUYr;lzcr; jwr;jUbr:2 bUnr.jnr.kU:(BA) El;
jnr.kU:emv(MA)kwres< bKcrlUcrmnr:Ed. kT;l/dr;lUYr;jwr;
jKwr:jUbr:bUnr. lo;t/nr;tI.nJcr;(First Class) nT:jnr.kU:El;
jwr;jKwr:jUbr:bUnr.lUYr;l/wr;jzcr; (Distinctions) nT:jnr.kU:emv
kwr anrazgr,mv:nT:bI 2005 no.nnr.ywr.>
1
pUnrszbr,(do:nzo.) = nmr.dznr: (do:yT,)< Result (acr:gidr:) = &v'f(m/nr;)>
2
jUbr: (do:nzo.) = bUnr. (do:yT,) = azcr, (m/nr;)>
244 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
dI;nT:jnr.kU:(BA)no. mI:lzcr;tugr,sbr:lQcr:aidr:nJcr;
yU,> yznr.wv; nT:jnr.no. mnr:mI:hqnr:gU;lzcr;lzcr;(General
Studies)El; hqnr:kJgr.dznr:(Special Studies)no szcrl/o:nnr.
ywr.>
dI;hqnr:gU;lzcr;lzcr;nnr. ebv:jUbr:bUnr.no awrgmr;m/o
mnr: lo;nmrlo;ea,wv;es edazgr,mv:lo;sI,t/nr;- t/nr;nJcr;
(First Class)< t/nr;szcrsucr(2nd Upper Class)< t/nr;szcrdQmr,
(2nd Lower Class) El; t/nr;tmr:mdv:(Simple Pass)noywr.>
dI;hqnr:kJgr.dznr:nnr.egv; scrwv;jUbr:bUnr.no awrgmr;m/omnr:
lo;nmrlo;ea,wv;es mI:lo;tQcr;sI,t/nr;ncr,gwr,- kJgr.dznr:
t/nr;nJcr;(First Class Honours)< kJgr.dznr:t/nr;szcrsucr (2nd
Upper Class Honours)< kJgr.dznr:t/nr;sucrdQmr,(2nd Lower
Class Honours) El; kJgr.dznr:t/nr;tmr:mdv:( Simple Pass
Honours)noywr.>
nT:pUnrszbr,bI 2005 no. jwr;do:hwr: anrjUbr:bUnr.jnr.
kU:lUYr;t/nr;tI.nJcr; nT:hqnr:gU;lzcr;lzcr;nnr. kwr;bv: (3) dUnr
es< anrjUbr:bUnr.jnr.kU:emv lUYr;l/wrjzcr;mnr:egv; kwr;bv:
(3)dUnrncr,gwr,ywr.>
jwr;anrjUbr:bUnr. jnr.kU: (11) dUnr
nT:jwr;anrjUbr:jnr.kU:(11)dUnr nT:bI 2004 es sqnr;
bUnr.mnr: azgr,mv:nT:bI 2005 no. (9)dUnrnnr. bqnrdI;jnr.jzmr
bvliEl;budr.t(BPU)es tQcr;(2)dUnrjmr. bqnrdI;jnr.jzmr
eg,lnI,y(Kelaniya)ywrx>
jwr;anrjUbr:bUnr.jnr.kU: dI;jnr.jzmrbvliEl;budr.
t(9)dUnrkwrjmr.- (1)dUnrkU: jwr;kU:suwR m/wr:kmr:< (2)dUnrkU:
jwr;kU:nnredvpvs jzmrsQcr< (3)jwr;kU:nnrdmvlv pUcr:wnr:<
(4)jwr;kU:nnrdiy (lzoekv)< (5)jwr;kU:gnrtmv env,sQcr<
vkuf;wh:uwf.vD yDOgifpAifpj; \ 245
gdr.kQnr,lKwrdznr: lznr.mznr:t/nr;nJcr;
nT:gv;(9)dUnr anrjUbr:bUnr.jnr.kU: dI;jnr.jzmrbvli
El;budr.tnnrx bI 2005 no. hwr:lo;hnr jwr;c/nrgdr.kQnr,hwr:
jwr;nJcr;- jJwr;wv;jwr;kU:snrDvtig dJnr:jJnr;(gunrhqcr)> mnr:
246 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
jwr; jUbr:bUnr.jnr.kU:amr,gv: smr.b/olo;bv:t/nr;tUnr;tI.nJcr;
(First Class)nnr.gznr,ywr.>
mKwr;wnr: sqnr;m/obUnr.jnr.ligr; azgr,mv:nnr. k/wr,anr
wv; mnr:jwr;lo;t/nr;tI.nJcr;nono. smr.ebv:”wr,”nr;gfv, nT:
jumr:jKwr:hqnr:ligr;”mr;gnrkwryU,> hqdr:H;hwr:lugr;hqnr:scr,kdo:
hqnr:ligr;mKcr:sI,”wr, dUcr.dJnr,jUmr:lUcrjUmr:l/crjzmr:gnr gU;
jwr;jwr;amr,gv:< smr.ebv:lJwr:bv:yznr;tJcrdUcr,wKcr:scr,km/nr;
mznr:< y/cr:kwr jKwr:hqnr:ligr;mKcr:sI,”wr,jzmr:gnrnnr.gznr,>
jwr;do: jwr;m/nr; jwr;mznr: jwr;y/cr:kwr mv:”mr;hqnr:jnr.kU:
jzmr:gnr mI:dcr:nmr< pTycr:amr,dznr.lo;> pTpTegv; aznrgnrko;
azgr, mzgr,l/dr;kKwr:mnr:jwr;es a/mr:kzojzmr:Ed.Ed.> mnr:
jwr;bqnrdo:jwr;nJcr;El; yU,dI;bqnrdo:egv.nJcr; jumr:nJcr;kKwr:
nJcr;es hwr:scr,kdo: jwr;hqnr:ligr;dcr:sqcr;egv; awrgunr:awr
munr “mrjUmr:jzmr:mnr:jwr; tJcraUgr:tJcrjTEd.Ed.wv;wv;es
d/cr,pJnrgJgr:bJnr: k/wr:d/cr:sI,”wr,hwr:wo.yU,>
nT:bJnr:jnr.kU: anrjwr;do:hwr:jUbr:bUnr. dI;mKcr:sI,
”wr,no. anrbUnr.lUYr; t/nr;sucrjKcr.noegv; ycr:y/mr;mI:mv:yU,>
t/nr;sucr(honours)nJcr;no. bqnrjwr;kU:nnrDemtv sQcrkzcr,
El; jwr;kU:agrgwmrs (l/o:kv;) mKwr;bIhqnr:ligr; 1998 aigr,jwr;
kU:bYrYvnnrD (d/cr.y/nr:) mKwr;bIhqnr:ligr; 1999 nnr.es<
t/nr;szcrsucrjmr. bqnrjwr;kU:bYrYvwmrs sQcrbnrEl; jwr;kU:
ainredv pvs kmr:sv, mKwr;bIhqnr:ligr; 2000 nnr.ywr.> 3
ebv:wv;lo;”.cinr:k/wr,ywr.amr,’icr jwr;kU:emvlUcr Dr kmr:
m/o tmrmsvmiegv; yU,dI;wdr.do: budr.twih/Rrazgr.jrFzdr,dr<
mKcr:acr:gidr:es lo;sUcr,ekv;“mrjUmr:yzcr;eyv:nmr.gdr.mnr:
jwr;El; bnrhQcr:mv: nT:aI:emlr:tQcr;yU,> tJcrmv:wnr:tI. (31/ 5/
3
k/wr:d/cr;hwr: sibr:bI< nv; 21>
vkuf;wh:uwf.vD yDOgifpAifpj; \ 247
jwr;c/nrlugr;Em;do: anrlo;jUbr:bUnr.jnr.kU:emvlUYr;
l/wrjzcr; dI;mKcr:sI,”wr,no. mKwr;aznregv; dznr.mI:mv:yU, bqnrmKwr;
bqnrbzgr; scrgzgr:kJnr:pJnr.dUYr:> mKnrncr, mKwr;bIhqnr:ligr; 1999
nnr. jwr;kU:sutmrm s/mrsQcr El;scr< mKwr;bIhqnr:ligr; 2000
nnr. jwr;kU:nnrdemtv sQcrkzcr, El;scr< mKwr;bIhqnr:ligr; 2002
nnr. jwr;kU:wijidrd gGcr:lQcr< jwr;kU:jng szo;kmr:sQcrEl;
jwr;kU:wvyvm kKwr:WmrkwrEl;scr kwrjwr;jKwr:no.ywr.>
edv,sU;k/mr;kqcr,ek. lzcr;bUnr.eb.bzdr:dznr;b/nrgUnr:
kdr:jTsT,hQcr:szbr,jUbr:es lo;mI:jnr.ligr;jnr.l/o:no.
bqnrbzdr:dznr;anrgUnr:hwr: bUnr.eb. nT:jUwr;b/nrpTmnr: dv
nJcr;ywr.> bqnrgUnr:mv: dv,edmI:nmr.jT kT;hqnr:ligr;hqnr:l/o:no.
amr,sU;> mI:nmr.jT kT;hqnr:esegv;yv, dv,edmI:sunr,hqnr:< dJwr.
d/cr:kwr;bv:lo;nnr. amr,lv;lI;>
sunr,El;dJwr.d/cr:anrwv;nnr. kT;wv;jUwr;b/nrav,yu<
k/wr:lIy/mr:gv; dUwr;dnr:kJdr:pzcr:El; cJnr:dzcr:g/nrm/gr;mI:
Ed,gfv,jKwr:no.ywr.> mI:nmr.jT mI:cJnr:esdv. scrjUwr;b/nrEg,
twr;nv,egv; pJdr,> mI:nmr.jT bqnrpzcr:av,yu dJgr.kJdr:mKwr;es
dv. ebv:nv;g/nrbunr;pznr:gU;sQnrsmr, mv:d/cr,mv, dqcr”wrwoxegv;
y/br,> nmr.jTegv; mI:< av,yuegv; kJdr:< k/wr:y/mr:egv; bnryU,es
dv. ebv:amr,mI:aqnrhQcr:cJn:r dzcr: Wcr;Wcr:jzo;tQmregv; smr.kQnr:
ginr:nv,lUcrl/crywr.>
jcr,wv; bqnrgUnr:mv: dv,edlo;hqnr:ligr;l/o:es mI:d/cr:
”.nmr d/cr:hnrgf/cr; ”bzcr,dvlQcr:ncr,bKnr;nnr. y/br,> lo;hqnr:
esegv;yv, dv,edszbr,bUnr.kJbr;nv;gfv,lo;jnr.lTjnr.nnr.
egv; yqnr:> jUbr:bUnr.esdv.egv; dv,edkwr;lo;nT:sqnr;kJgr.
dznr: tI.nJcr; tI.szcr tI.s/mranrwv;nnr. nJcr;kQnr:amr,c/o;>
250 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
ligr;l/o:no.egv; edv;mKnrg/nrc/nr:d/cr,anrgUYr:ncr,
gwr,< gU;awr gU;lo;< gv;szbr, gv;bUnr.dcr:sqcr;dcr:mUdr: amr,jJwr;>
jwr;kU:emvpqcr: Dr. j/o:kmr:lqgr: wv; @@mKcr:gUnr:no. h/cr;lIdv,egv.
nJcr;egv; mKcr:gUnr:no. h/cr;jv.dv,egv.nJcr;aKwr;##no< ligr;l/o:no.
egv; mnr:c/o;dv,egv.nJcr;esdv. j/cr;gfv,y/br,dv,egv.nJcr;yU,>
mnr:y/br,dv,egv.nJcr;esdv. j/cr;c/o;dv,egv.nJcr;yU,>
y/br,dcr:c/o;< lUmraigr,pJdr,nnr.smr. aicrnKwrmunr
(gmrO)< azgr:eavpT:p/o(Y/nr,) El; d/cr:kdr:jTsT,hQcr:(wIRiy)
sunr,dUwrgKdr,bv: pJgr:awr dJgr:awr gJgr:awrpTmnr:tQcr;ywr.>
gUnr:nJcr;egv. H;ebv:mI:lUYr;dcr:s/mranrno. mKwr;lqwrjzmr:gnr
egv; n/nr:jcr,sQnrmI:> gmr;pzcr; azgr:eav amr,p/o< d/cr:kdr:jT
amr,mI: bT.ginrmunrgusUwr, bKcrlqwrmQgr:mQgr:gUYr:> gmr;pzcr; munramr,
bv:< d/cr:kdr:jT amr,mI: gUYr:jTyT,bJcr;aicrazgr:eavdUwrgwr,lQdr:
sQwr:es ywr.gfv,dv,lTdvnnr.> m/crjKwr:smr. munregv; amr,mI:<
azgr:eavegv; amr,pT:p/owUnr.kJdr: gUYr:gJdr:d/cr:kdr:jT bojzmr:
sqnr;l/o:sT @@pIgQnr amr,eb.pInUgr,< pIlunrbUgr, amr,eb.pImQcr:
mnr:##nnr.es dJwrdJgr:awry/br,yqnr:k/wr:’icrEl; m/crbzgr;egv;
ywr.dUwr;< m/crmKwr;egv; amr,tJcrdI;lI>
ncr,nnrywr.< jwr;hwr:kwr jKwr:jUbr:bUnr.jnr.kU: aigr,
jnr.kU:emvkwr dcr:sqcr; nT:bI 2005< bKcrlUcrmnr: jwr;jKwr:lo;
t/nr;kJgr.dznr:mnr:kwrno.egv; dI;hQcr:bJnr.s/mrh/nr.no. “.gv;
kwrjwr;edlo;ycr,bJcr;mv:esh/nr.h/nr. amr,nnr dcr:s/mr
h/nr.”mr;gnres bUnr.eb.mv:nT:jUwr;b/nrkwr bzdr:aznr,dznr;
nJcr;noyU,ywr.>
bqnr’iwregv;lI< lzcr;hdr:kdr: dv.kqcr,edv,sU; amr,”nr
bUnr.eb.anrwv;no. bqnrd/cr:kJnr;yT,mT,sucr kJbr;nv;sqnr;nJcr;
ywr.> egv; bqnrgunr:munrlUcrbKcrnJcr;ncr,gwr,El; dI;gunr:munrkwr
vkuf;wh:uwf.vD yDOgifpAifpj; \ 251
acj;Oif,
zl;yhcmof:wmif:cofwif:OAif;eh. uGj,zSofomef;vfG rldif:vfGauj;
vD wkdef:awolef.xkdif auj.pof:puf.(ayj;sr;? yD;egif.? qldof.cldof:qof;
uof,)bl,ul;auj./ rldof;vh;bdef:qlrf:auj;vD? rldof;vh;bdef:cDauj;bof.
wkdef:olef.pefckdef:aO rmifauj. ayj:vh;erf.wjqkdrf:bgwf,auj;rD:
bof;/ bof.auj; ayj:vh;pef vgif;ckdef;bfG,cdkwf:qef. rldif:ydlef;eef.
auj; awj;ckdef:olef.xkdif omef;rldif:qof;uof,aO yAeftefvDacj:clrf
trf,vlrfqfGoh.bl,/ yAef’dofauj;vD zl;wSrf;vduf;auj; bmrf;yAefzl;yh
cmof:wmif:rj:auj.ekdif;sv; cfG;tofvgif;wlofxlyf: Nyf.rj:tdwf:tD;
qldof:eef. uyf:Okdyf,rguf,vmwf;se zl;vlvduf;pof:cofaO olef.oj;
trf,erfauj;at, awqmif;rD;zgef:vD ykef;wj,qldof:tefyh,rD:
tlof:umwf,sv;cmof:bmrf: uGj,tSof,Mwf;xkdifeef.bl,ehbof;/ (bgef:
bdkefpyf.oj; vgif;vh;wSrf;se cmof:wmif:eh. trf,qfG;sv;oj; cfG;
Orf,rSef bgif;wlofqof;uof,aO wSrf;serj: trf,qfG;ehbl,/)
cmof:wmif:wlofxlyf: zl;wSrf;vduf; ygwf:tgef,wgef;ekdif;urf:
eh.sw. yAefcmof:wmif: rldif:edof:QD,vSef,sv; rldif:atj:qfwaI:
bldof: Ogifrldif:eh.bof;/
mKwr;wnr:tI. 04. 07. 2004 nnr. jwr;Csv,lUcrwimlpigr.ku
(mKcr:sU;) Wdr;mv:tJcr dI;pU;dQmr;ligr;kwr< lnr,dnr,nnr.ywr.>
254 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
wo/:nnr. mnr:jwr;edsJbr,k/wr:d/cr: gfv,aem,Rigv:El; eav:jr
deR:lI:yKwr:(mKwr;bUnr.mv: mzgr;sibr:bIbo/nnr. mnr:jwr;y/mr;gfv,
awrwv,) noywr.>
mKwr;wnr:tI. 26. 10. 2004 nnr. pU;dQmr;ligr; lugr.dI;
lnr,dnr,es kI,'iwr:winr mKwr:jU:mnr:jwr; dI;wqcr:sidr.nI,< mKcr:
eav:jrdeR:lI:yUiwr: (Sydney, Australia)ywr.> lugr.dI;wqcr:lnr,
dnr,es gfv,wqcr:sidr.nI,no. "icrmzgr; (21) jUwr;mUcr:> 'iwr:winr anr
pU;dQmr;ligr;kI,nnr. bqnr”iwr:winrEk,lQcrEl; lo;gfv,Ew.dI;kUcr,
”iwr:winr wqcr:sQcrho/:(Shanghai) mzgr;s/mrjUwr;mUcr:es jcr,suibr,k/wr:
d/cr:gfv, Wdr;pQwrwqcr:sidr.nI,ywr.> kUcr,”iwr:winrsidr.nI,no. gzbr;
bqnrkUcr,”iwr:lUcr anrmI:”iwr:winrdUwr;lUgr;mv:lUcr:El; bqnrkUcr,”iwr:
anryfr,gf/cr;mUdr:sfr kuidr:jnr.anrnuicr;es mI:himr:pcr,nmr.b/cr,
lo/,< mI:”iwr:winrkuinr;kuinr;lUcr:lUcr: smr.ebv:amr,k/dr,esbzgr;>
wqcr:sidr.nI, (Sydney)
wqcr:sidr.nI,no. bqnrwqcr:yfr,dI;sudr:El; guinr:dI;sudr:
mKcr:eav:jrdeR:lI:yKwr:ywr.> dcr;Ed,wqcr: mUiwr;bIkRidr. 1788
nI;< j/wr:acr:gidr:kwr awrgUnr:kmrkzgr; nfr:mKcr:kwrmv:yU,es dcr;
bqnrwqcr:aznrd/cr:bUinr;El; lo;wv; bqnrwqcr:anrgwr,Eg,lKwrbKnr;
nfr:mKcr:no.ywr.> wqcr:no. mI:gUnr:yU,swr:mzgr; 4 l/nr.bo/> nuicr;bI
nuicr;bIlfr mI:gUnr:mv:aQwr,tJcr 5 l/nr.bo/noywr.> bKcrlUcrmnr: ebv:
k/wr:gdr:d/cr:yU:Jlbr.El; aem,Rigv:juicr kwrbo/;gdr:es mv:lJwr;
”iwr.ycr.jfr hvso/lQdr,aunr,aunr, dI;mUicr:no.nmred.ed.> gzbr;
wv; ebv:k/wr:gdr:d/cr:yU:Jlbr. smr.bqnrk/wr:mo; mUicr:no.nnr.ywr.>
wqcr:sidr.nI,no. nuicr;bIlfr anramr,mI:so/lQdr,nnr. mI: 23 wnr:
gUYr:noywr.>
smr.tQcr; lo;”.wv; wqcr:no. bqnrwqcr:anrlIgfv,aQwr,lJwr;
”iwr.ycr.jfr lIlUiwrbUinr;dI;sudr: nfr:lUgr;no.no jumr: International
Travel & Leisure Magazine kwr bnrmo/sucrsudr:noywr.> kwrbnr mo/
wqcr:FlUwr:RQnr:jr(Florence)< mKcr:aI,dlI, 83.3%< wqcr:Jlmr: (Rome)<
mKcr:gLVwr,m/nr, 83.8%< wqcr:sQnr,pRQnr,sisgUwr, (San Francisco)<
mKcr:aem,Rigv: 82.2%> wqcr:sidr.nI, (Sydney)< mKcr:eav:jrdeR:
lI:yKwr:no. 87%> lKwrnnr. ebv:Wdr;gfv,wqcr:sidr.nI,jJcr edlo;
cmof:wmif:edof:QD,vSef,sv;atj:qfwaI:bldof: \ 263
ykdef:uSyf;
qof;wlefcl:vlifodyOfOe
}}}}
yDuldwf,/ / 1283 eD;?1 vldefurfvgif;(13)crf;? oef:ykwf. (25.01.
1922)/
qj,wd/ / omef;phm:OSif? tldif,rldif:bh:? rldif:egif/
ayj;sr;/ / vkif:uRif:aw,odef,? ehm:uRif:tl./
rD:yD;egif.tguf,/ (7) auj.- vkif:qaI:tj,Idb? vkif:vghnj,e? qhm:
crf:vl,(TOj,qof;)? ehm:pAiful,? vkif:qaI: Okynf,
nj,? vkif:eef,w? yl,pAiftgef,(Mif.qaI: tdef,awj:zj,O)/
yAefOmif,/ / 1296 eD;? ayj;sr;Ogifqof; toftmyf;pAwf:uyf.yD,
wD;TOj,qof;vlifOkre? uRif:vlifpdefap;? tldif,
rldif:bh:? oAif:rldif:egif? xkdifyD 1299 eD;eef. yl,vghblnf:? ehm:vhg
OSifrkif:cof pAwf:yAef ayj;tguf,sr;tguf,aO ckdef;yAefOmif,/
yAefqmif:/ / 1307eD;? vldefNuf:rGf,(8)crf;? oef:Oof? (8)rlif:
qof.? TOj,qof;vlifOkre? uRif:egifwof: pAwf:
tkywf.Omh,? pyf.tof ywf.aq:OD,yldif yl,vghuef,e? ehm:vghOSifNdif:
aO yAefqmif:wD;Odrf,cef,x? uRif:zjOSif? oAif:rldif:egif/
1
yDtefq[.oh. e[:ykdef;uSyf;qof;eh. yAefyDauj:qj,Ouf.uImqf.rlwf:bof./
266 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
pAef:yIdbwf;/ / pAef:tofykdef.xmef wD;TOj,qof;vlifOkre? TOj,
qof;aOjIdb? uRif:pdefap;? rldif:bh:/ pAef:tof
vhm:wSrf;? vhm:apj: vif,uj,vlif wD;TOj,qof;vlifeIdefw? uRif:
omef;ej:? rldif:emif:/ yD 1308 eD;? pAef:tofwmif:arj wD;owf.
rpjodOkwfxjIlif? oAif:ymif,tl;vlif(ar,rBLof.) wD;TOj,qof;vlif tj
eefwjyefwdw (tzdxqrpjIwfxukIk)/ yD 1313 eD;? wlduf;
tzbj,Ij,rOlnf,ul,? oAif:wj;vldof,/
pAwf:ywdywf;/ / yD 1316 eD; yhm:bl,vD blyf;bgrf:sv; ukdwf:vkdof;
umefpAef:aO Oof:bl,wD;uRif:Noferf.? oAif:uRuf.
sr:? wD;TOj,qof;vlifOkreaO pAwf:umefzj,oej,urf,rxmef:/
ohm:eef.Okdyf,pAef:tof vhm:zj,oej, wD;TOj,qof;vlifoDIdb? owf.
auovrmef,tgif,? oAif:ulwf.chm? xkdifrj:yD 1317 eD;? cof;eGf:xldef,
yj:vAof pdrf:omef;Omif: olof:vlif? oAif:vhm:cj;/
ygifumefOj,Oej,/ / 1318 eD; qof;uGef:yhm:vlif TOj,qof;yef
wdw(rldif:egif)sv;wuj, ymif:tofoj, wD;
rldif:emif:? ref:qof; zknf,yefwlduf;Ogefvduf;? apj:Twj:yefwuj,
bl,bof./ yD 1319 eD; wif:qof;uGef:yhm:vlifrldif:egif? Qof;TOj,aOj
zerldif:egif cofqof;Omrfwlef Nrf;uefzknf, ygh:clef.ch;wSrf;wgyf,
vduf; odebjekufup wD;rldif:emif: awj,xkdifrldof;vAofbl,bof./ 1327
eD; tofuRif:vlifrldif:emif: tmyf;yefqof;rkedefw(xrfrjqIdb)?
Qof;Ijqdefw (xrfrjqIdb)aO wlefvAofuGj,bl,eGf:xldef, zhm,
qmef:vj;OAof; wD;erf.rj. rguf,wgif:aO udefOkif:tj:pmeff rmuf,rh.
pmuf;Nofulnf:bl,bof./ yD 1328 eD;eef. ref:qof;Okdyf,pAef:tof
vhm:zj,oej,urf,rxmef: wD;TOj,qof;vliftjavju (tufurpjyef
wdw) OSefoDaO seTwj:yefwuj, omef;yAif:tgh;bl,bof./ 1329
eD;eef. TOj,qof;vlifrldif:Ol; ckdef:Mif.ref:qof;rj:ymifvlifaO
ykdef:uSyf;qof;wlefcl:vlif odyOfOe \ 267
tefvh;wSrf;tguf,yyf./ rldefeif,-
1. Olduf;ykdef: TOj,qof;vlifrldif:Ol;? zgef:vDvh;vl, ydwuwf;
Omrfugifsv; Okwf;quf.uowf.wd qof;quf.uBj,(Omrfrl,ukduf:
uef yAefvif,uj,vlif)
2. Twj:ulef:tlef;tgef,
3. Owf.quxj, wD,yeD,
4. ywdqOrkyf.yjw
5. xrf,ryw vif,uj,vlif
6. Owf.qj,eyf.wluf: Odyf:Nuf:yj:
7. avj:ueD,wd vif,uj,tgef,
8. xrf,rquf.uBj, vif,uj,wh:
9. tewf.wvuf.cej,Okwf; vif,uj,wh:
10. yIdwf;vlifzhm,wh: tlrfOlyf:oh:P;vh;
11. vhm:wSrf;vif,uj,wh:
12. xrf,ruxduf;uGmrf:vof:sv; Nrf;yj:Twj:ydwf:ygwf: vif,uj,
tgef, vif,uj,vlif uAof,vgif;xrf,r? Orf,ao,uqldof:eh.bof./
vduf;rgifq[qgrf:
qof;wlefcl:vlifpof: urf;zgif;
qof;wlefcl:vlifodyOfOe zl;ywdywf;qgrf:Odefxrf: ayj:
xdOwf.w qArfrldof;vh;rldof:Nyf.xlyf:oh;Oj qof;wlefcl:vlifpof: efG:
vldef January, 2005 yDeh. wD;wlef;wD:eef.bof. efG:qfGcj;way:
wkdef:vgrfolef.oh.oj; oef:tefqof;wlefcl:vlif awOkdyf,rD:qgrf:pof:
uGj, efG:rldif:ulef:eh.aw. awtrf,ayj:ukdwf:erfbof.eh/ ref:qof;
trf,wgif:zfGbof./ awj;wj,awxlrf,erf.vhm:ulnf:auj; trf,rD:Owd
qyf:wlof? trf,yfG.uguf:xlrf,vh;bof./ wmif:yAef Acquirer tefyef
wkuf.cref:qof;rj: cmof:wmif:qAwf:yDeef. vSyf;awtrf,rD:wmif:
cSef: wmif:blwf:bjvh;/ ref:yAefaIj:uj, rldefuefwif:qgrfqkdif;rldif:
tar,Iduef, aIj,se,vfaI,udef, (Ronald Reagan)/ awj,bmrf:
eh. wmif:yAefeh. yh,rD:bjref:/
zgif:xkdifwlef;wD:urf:eh. vh;pefqof;cl:ODpejwvifujI
uGj,pefrSef; ykdef:wlofqof;wlefcl:vlif tefwlofref:qof; auj.wSrf;
oh.efG:yyf.yof,tefedkif;eef.sv; vh;wkduf:Olef: P;uAyf:Mrf ayj.ykdef
tguf,bl,/ ayj:awvmwf;se ykdef:qof;wlefcl:vlif tefwlofcj;w
ay: vh;N.oh.qkdif qof;wlefcl:vlifpof:eh. yAefzl;wh,qgrf:OAef;
wmif: ayj:xdOwf.wbof./ ohm:aO vh;pAef:vduf; wD;owf.Olnf,ul,
(tzbjIjr)oAif:vldof,sv; wD;owf.yj,Ij,eOD, (wrf;wD;TOj,qof;
vlif tjeefwjyefwdw) rldif:yBD,bof. qof;qmif:odyOfOe vh;
omif:Oduf.cj, vlif:yAefqof;IaO:aO rldof:ywdywf;Twj: efG:xrf;
270 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
erf.rrguf,wgif: pdrf:erf.ygif;eef.bof./ ref:qof;bldif:’yf;vh;edyf.
ymef, efG:ymefeh./
ulnf:uj; zl;uwf.vSwf:OSof:efG:Oif,cwh: yh,vldif,? Orf.xSif;
cofqof;Orf. vlof,ydef,ydwuwf;wh:sv; TOj,qof;vlifrldif:Ol; qif,
Mif.ref:qof; rj:ckdef;yAefqmif:ckdef:aO pmyf,umefOif,cqkdif;wh:
uGj,/ qof;IaO:odyOfOeauj; vh;wrf:omif:oh. wmif:uGj,edyf.ymef,
urf:Okdof;eef.aO rj:ckdef;qmif: pmyf,umefOif,cwh: awj,ayj:yAef
zl;rhmvlifrj:/ eif,’dofOif,cwh: ayj:awckdyf;ej;efG:yIdbwf;? ywd
ywf;eef. ref:qof;uGj,apj:Twj:? Olef:wkrful;wD; yj:qArfarj,zh:
vSif: rldif:crAefsv; ukif:xAyf;/ ohm:eh. Orf.rj:zkdwf.wif;owf.wh:
ydwuwf; wD;wlef;wD: P;pof:rD:ej;wjrj:/ ref:qof; oh.wj,xkdif
edyf.ymef, Okef,wlofyAefbfG,aOwj. bgef.oj;wj,nj,wwf.x? avj:
uwf.xqIdbj,sv; vh;tofumefwif:erf yAefbfG,rj:/ tefeh.
awrD:rguf;OD,Odyf:yD qlof;tj,bkcj;way:bof./
cj;way:bgef:umof,xkdif Iwej,Omrfqof; P;yfG.yj:qof;
wlefcl:vlifodyOf.Oepof:aO P;qof;TOj,pof:cj; qAof:ylef.wkuf.c?
qAof:N.pefedyf.ymef, wD;uwf:bAefaOurf:wD;cj;/
qof;cl: Dr.xrf,rOj,rd
rldif:tif:udwf.? Qlof;cmof:OD,Nof,
1st June 2005
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rkdef,OSefwlof}} eheef. Qof;wlefcl:vlifodyOf.Oepof:eh.auj;
eldofqkdof.cldof:? zj,Oj,? Oj,Oej,pof:eef. ref:qof;wkdef:yAef wD;
pof:pj:wif:vhm vh;ykdif;wlefedkif;eheef. wkdef:trf,qmif;xAifvh;/
oj;eefaOw bmrf:vAofsw. bgef.trf,zgif:vldofvh; eldofOazj:
Oif,cj,Ieef.aO vh;cof;Olefrmuf,pmuf;crf: uGj,ySwf;pof:cj; rldof;
oef:xD. 10. 05.2005 eef.bof./ vldif;eh. cj;qof;egif.pof:cof
ykdef:uSyf;qof;wlefcl:vlif odyOfOe \ 271
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erf.q[vD qof;wlefcl:vlifpof: tefpuf.Ojeldofqldof.cldof:? zj,Oj,?
Oj,Oej,pof:eef.bl, ul;cmof:bmrf:... bof.auj; P;wlefcl:vlif
odyOf.Oepof: wldof:vgif;Oldof:erf ul;qmwf;vkdef:aO ...
qof;cl:ynf,nj,OD,Id Ohmygef
qlof;cmof:OD,Nof,
20.05.2005
eyf.brfoh;Ojxkdif ukef:rkefqof;wlefcl:vlif odyOf.Oepof:
aw.aw.cj;atj;/ bgef.yldof;trf,zgif:vldofvh; Oazj:Oif,cj,Isv;
qof;wlefcl:vlifpof: vh;cof;qmrf,Olefrmuf,pmuf;crf: uGj,ySwf;aOwj.
auj; qgrf:eif,acj;Oif,Ogef erf.qfGpuf.ySif:zj,Oj,? Oj,Oej,?
qldof.qmwf; tefqof;wlefcl:vlifpof: uh.Oif,Ogef vmwf;apj:yef
way:? wuj,wif:vhmeef. Qkdrf:oh.bl, efG:rmuf,NofqfGzfGref:bl,wj,
aO,cj;bof./ qof;wlefcl:vlifpof: uh.bmrf;vmwf;oj; auj.zl;puf.
ySif:zj,Oj,? Oj,Oej,? qldof.qmwf;eh. vlof,rD:qfGvDrAwf.wj,? qfG
bkdef:bmof:? bldef.uef;? eluf,wkduf:ehbof./ P;qof;wlefcl:vlifpof:
Mwf;xkdifwD;uwf:bAefaOurf:vlnf; ... /
qof;TOj,OkoI rmof:cmrf:
trf,rkif;trf,rgif:aO zgif:rldof;ukdif.umif.vh;idef:acj;uGmrf:
zmuf,rj:efG:Zlef:oj; qof;wlefcl:vlifodyOf.Oe? oAif:wlef;wD:
vgef,uGj,bof.eheef. yAeftefuyf.qfG? rgifqfGuGj,aO efG:wjOrf.
ckdef:rkif;pefckdef: rldof;qof;wlefcl:vlifwkduf.bl,vD? pAwf:vh;? ch;qmif;
eef. qof;wlefcl:vlif uh.wlif.wuf.vmwf; wD;zl;rgifqfGoj; rldof;zgif:
pAef:vduf;eh. trf,ayj:vlof,uGj,wj;yhwmif:erf? ref:qmif;pAwf:P;
272 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
umefpAef:vl.? pAwf:P;qfGydoftldof;ehbl,/ qof;wlefcl:vlif odyOf.Oe
pof:cj;eh. wkdef:yAefzl;yefpSif:zj,Oj,? Oj,Oej,ckdef;bfG,bl,wj,
aO,wlefedkif;bof./ wlofref:qof;trf,rD: efG:rdlif:ulef:bof.aOwj.
erf.qfGpuf.ySif: Oj,Oej,ref:qof;sw. wkduf.ukdwf:oh. efG:rmuf,NofqfG
pof:cj;bl,/
qof;cl:odqdwf.w
20.05.2005
eyf.brfoh;Ojxkdif ukef:rkefiof:qof;wlefcl:vlif odyOf.Oe
pof:bl,cj;atj;/ bgef.yldof; trf,rkif;trf,rgif:aOsv; vh;idef:oj;
qof;wlefcl:vlif odyOf.Oepof:cj; cof;Olefrmuf,pmuf;crf:uGj, rldof;
oef:xd 10.05.2005 eef.ehsv; cj;ay:pof:yAeftefqfGvAuf.?
acj:clrfrgifqfGsw.sw.oj;oj;wD;cj;atj;/ qof;wlefcl:vlifpof:eh.
bgef.yldof; yAefzl;tgefNofpof:cj;wif:OAif;aO yAefzl;pmefOj,O
ej,ehsv; trf,yh,ukdif,wmef, zmwf,bmefySwf;pof:cj;wif:OAif;aO
wj.auj; bgef.yldof;trf,zgif:vldofvh; Oazj:Oif,cj,ITwj:sv; trf,
qmif;pAwf:Hdof? ugyf;eef urf:vkdef:Okwf: bgef:Ol:yef P;wlefcl:
vlifpof: Mwf;xkdifwD;uwf:bAefaOurf:cj;/
qof;oj,bj,rdef,wj. (OD,ayj.)
TOj,qof;vlifodyOf.Oepof:cj;eh. yAefqof;tefcmrf,bmyf,
cmrf,Ndof.aO yluf:ygifyef P;qldof.qmwf;wh:pof: qof;ekdif;aOtrf,uj:
tefxmif,qSif;wD;Okwf:aw. TOj,qof;vlifpof: vh;aw,wif;uRif:
owf.ydwuwf;? oAif:wlef;wD:rj: P;qof;wh:pof: ayj:vh;cof;tguf,
uef? vh;rj:vkdof;bif.Oof:aO OgefpAef:P;Oj,Oej,wh:pof: ckdef;
bfG,cj;bof./ bgef.eef P;tefqof;TOj,pof:cj; vh;uGj,xkdif wD;vD
rSwf;uwf:bAefaOurf:ehaO rD:wmif:rgifqfGacj:ckrfqgrf: vgif;TOj,
qof;pof: vyf.vghikdef:vghcrf: uGj,ymh;ySwf;pof:eef.aw.aw.cj;bof./
Qof;eef,wrj,vj,
Qlof;cmof: rldif:OD,Nof,
03.06.2005
The author
When I started looking for the author of this treatise, I found in
the book itself the names of two people, ‘Kyaw Kham-Sau’
(egLv,kmr:srf) on the first page and ‘Kummavara’ (gumr,mv,wv,R), on
the last page. There is still no clear evidence to suggest either
Kyaw Kham-Sau or Kummavara to be the author. In fact, if
any, there are facts on Kyaw Kham-Sau to suggest he is not the
author. I will argue this case first and then come back to
Kummavara afterwards.
The Significance
------------------------------
Jotika Khur-yearn
25/5/05
Thai Buddhism and Environmental
Issue
However, by nature, the forest monks are not, except during the
Ayutthaya time when they had their own fraternity and
administration, organized into big groups; they have no direct
relationship with political authority. But forest monks are more
revered than town-dwelling monks for their ascetic practice.
Their dwelling in the forest creates an idea in people's mind that
284 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
forest is associated with holiness. By their presence in the
forest alone, the monks preserve forests.
I think the forest monks are active in preserving forest and its
bios stem. Apart from their simple way life, they follow the
example of the Buddha by living, meditating in the forest. As we
know, the Buddha was born, attained enlightenment and
passed away under a tree. Even when we pour water in a
symbol of sharing merit with the departed one, we pour the
water on a plant. To “activism”, if you take it to mean being
active in the way a pressure group does it, then the forest monks
do not subscribe. The aim may be the same, but the forest
monks do not react like the pressure groups do. In other words,
the forest monks only act, and do not react.
wlofyh,yguf;rj:xkdif olef.cyf:ckdifoh.bl,
rldof;oef:xD. 27_2_2004 eef. pAwf:ymifukrf wj,olef.qhg;
xSrfyef vgif;yldifOgef'dif;si;ykwf.xzj,Oj,sv;vduf;wh: wD;owf.
rukwj,Ij,r? oAif:ulof,vrf,ylof, uGj,bl,bof./ xdkifrj: 6_3_2004 eef.
vh;ukrfuefxSif;yguf;xD.Ogif/ rldof;oef:xD. 27_3_2005 eef. vh;
ilyf:nD.uefxSif; yguf;xD.OmrfuGj,bl,bof./
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OAef;rhmidkef:vl, Oif,cvkuf;pAef:wh:
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13 ymifTwj: uRif;rln,f awj, ymifvgi:f +zhmcke,f 133500
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17 ymifTwj: uRi:f wj;ylu,f OD,ayj. 640000
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302 \ cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rmh 7 yD< 2005
vDtD:vl
auj.tefvh;cmrf,wmif:yldef; rdyf,iSef:xkyf.ayj.eef.
vDtD:vlref:bl,/
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ref:Ohm;wSef: olwf;omwf;ref:bl,bof.sv;
olwf;omwf;ref: ay,uGj,urf;zgif;bof./
auj.tefrdyf,iSef:xkyf.ayj.yldef;eef.sw. bgef.yldof;
ref:auj,olwf;rF,sv; vDtD:vlref:
tefref:awvh;uGj,cmrf, rldof:ej;eef.bof./
qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)
owf.wh:ykwf.xubj, rldif:tdef:wD:bj:
(Khuva Boon Chum Tai Temple,
Buddha Gaya, India)
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