A PRACTICAL COURSE

MECHANICAL DRA ING W

WI L L I AM p ox , M . E .
,

Member af fIz e A S M E . . . .

Ass i sta n t P r ofess or of App li ed Ma the ma ti cs Col leg e , Q) t"

he Ci t
y
f
o N ew Y ork ,

AND

CH ARL E S W . T H O MAS, M . E .
,

Member qf the A S . M E Instr uctor i n D e

s cr i
p ti v e Ge m e t y o r a nd D r a wi ng ,
Col leg e f
o Me Ci yt oN
f w
e Yor k .

WI TH NUMERO U S I LLU STRATI O NS .

TH I RD E D I TI O N" RE VI SED .

NEW Y O RK

D . V AN NO ST R AND C O M P A NY ,
2 3 MU RRAY AND 2 7 WARREN ST REET S ,

I 9 7
O
 P R E FA C E .

The o bj ect ofthis w ork i s to prov ide a s i m pl e p ra e ,

ti ca l c o urs e o f p ro gress i ve l es s o n s i n Mech a n i c a l D ra w

i ng . I t will b e n o ti c ed tha t a ll i n s truc ti o n s a re gi v e n i n
co n n ec ti o n wi th a s p ec i a l c o n c re te exerc i se
, ,
i n stea d o f
b ei n g presente d i n a n a bstrac t a n d gen era l m a n n er fur '

ther mo re the did ac ti c p r i n c ipl e o f

, o ne thi n g a t a ti m e

has b een fo ll o we d a s m uc h a s p o s s i bl e .

No pra c ti ca l dra ugh ts m a n W ill c riti c ise us fo r n o t

s ta rti n g wi th the tra di ti o n a l geo m etr i c p r ob l e m s th a t ,

fro m ti m e i mm e m ori a l h a v e a d o rn e d the i n tro du c tory

,

pa ges o f Ma n ua l s o f Mec h a n ic a l Dra wi n g .

”
We ha v e
reas o n to b eli ev e th a t the a v e ra ge s tuden t d o es n o t a pp re
’
c i a te the b ea u ty a n d u s e o f Eu c lid s Geo m etry a n d

Mon ge s Desc ripti ve Geo m etry if these s u bj ec ts a re

’
,

i n tro d uc ed befor e the ir bea r i n g a n d pra c tic a l a pplic a tio n

a re u n d ers to o d. We reser ve the i n troduc ti on o f suc h
s c i e n tifi c w o rk f o r a s e co n d p a r t ,
h o pi n g thereby to
a ro u s e a n i n terest i n a dv a n ce d p ro bl e ms th a t n ec es s i ta te

stri c tl y m a th e m a ti c a l c on s truc ti o n s.

T he s ubj ec t i s b est ta u gh t wi th the us e o f m o del s ,

i n stea d o f sketc h es a n d pic to ri a l ill ustra ti on s A gl a n ce

.

thr o u gh the b oo k W ill c o n v i n ce the tea c her th a t a s et o f

m o dels c orres p o n di n g to the e x erc i ses c a n b e ea s il y
proc ured The res ult o f the i n s tru c tio n will then b e rea l
.

i n s tea d o f i m a gi n a ry s i n ce the s tuden t kno ws a bso l u tely

,

wh a t h i s dra wi n gs re presen t a n d n ee d n ot rely o n a n

,

u n tra i n e d i m a gi n a ti o n
.
iv P REFACE .

Thi s c o urs e i s p ec u li a rly a da pted to the n eeds o f H igh

s c ho o l s , Sc h oo l s fo r A pp re n tic es a n d y o u n g Me c ha n i c s
,
.

The e x erc i s es a re el e m e n ta ry a n d pr o gre s s i v e i n c h a ra c ter .

'

There i s n o s triv i n g a fter e fi ec t ; a ll thi n ki n g tea c hers

d epl o r e the ten den c y towa r ds e x h ibi ti on Wo rk
- o fa n y

ki n d ; the da n ger i n the c a se o f m e ch a n ic a l dra wi n g i s

the gr e a te s t o f a ll The s tu de n t i s ta u ght to c o p y a
.

m a gn i fi c en tly ti n ted c o m pli c a te d d ra wi n g i n a fa i th fu l

, ,

pho to gra ph i c s ty l e a n d l o the p o p u la c e s ta n d o pen

, ,

m o u th e d b e fo re a wo rk o f a rt o f a b s o l u te l y n o e d u ca

ti o n a l v a l ue .As k the s ki ll ful dra u gh ts m a n o f a m a ri n e

tr ip le e x p a n s i o n s te a m en gi n e to m a ke a Wo
- - -
r ki n g s ketc h

o f the pi s to n r o d a n d See W h a t he i n v e n ts

The fi gu res i n this b o o k a re i n te n de d to s h o w Wh a t a n

a v era ge dra u ghts m a n s h o u ld b e a bl e to a cc o m pli s h No .

u n u s u a l s kill o r fi n i s h i s c l a i m e d for thes e i l l u s tra ti o n s

the ir v ery i m perfec ti o n s a re s u c h a s to e n c o ura ge the

s tu de n t s i n c e he f
, ee l s th a t he c a n c erta i n l y d o a t l e a s t a s

well a s the des ign er We tr u s t th a t a fter he h a s fa ith

.

ful ly w o rke d thro u gh the se r ies o f e xerc is es pres c ribed ,

the p u pil W ill fi n d th a t he c a n m a ke s ke tc h e s fro m a n y

a c tu a l pi e c e o f m a c h i n ery a n d a ls o tha t h e W il l b e a bl e
,

to rea d a n d u n ders ta n d an o rdi n a ry m ec h a n i c a l

dra wi n g .

We ta ke this o pp ortun ity to express o u r tha n ks fo r

c uts f ur n i s h e d b y Lex i n gto n Ge a r W o r ks Sc hwen c ke , ,

K i rk Co F W Devoe
.
, . . C T Ra yn o lds Co a n d
, . . .

'

K e u fi el Esser .

CO LLEGE O F TH E CI TY on NEW Y O RK ,
Nov e m b er , 1 8 98 .
 C O NT E N T S .

I NTRO D U CTI O N
Wo r k i n g d r a wi n gs p e r s p ti v e
e c
p a r a ll e l p e rs p e c
ti v e ; p e r p e n d i c u l a r p r o je c ti o n ; v i e ws .

U SE O FT SQ UAR E,
-
T RI ANG LES AND RU LI NG PEN .
—
6 11
E x er ci se 1 — P r a c ti c e d r a w i n
.
g .

Ma te r i a l r e q u i re d a n d i ts u s e .

E x er ci se 2 — A S u a r e P r i s m a Sq u a r e P r a m i d ,
.
q y
a n d a We d e
,

g .

Ch o i ce o fv i e w s ; fo re s h o rte n e d l i n e s .

D I MEN SI O N LI N ES .
-
1 2 13

E x er ci se — B l ocks
3 . .

D i m e n s i o n i n g d r a wi n gs .

DRAWI NG TO
Ex er ci se 4 .
— Ben ch .

Sc a l e -r u l e .

E x er ci se — Bo x
5 . .

Fr eeh a n d w o r ki n g s k e tch .

CENTER LI NES .
-
1 7 20

E x er ci s e 6 — P i n
. .

Me th od o fd r a w i n g c e n te r -l i n es ; use
o fco m pa s s .

USE O F D I V I D ERS -
21 2 4
E x er ci se — I n k- o t
7 .
p .

D ivi s io n o f li n e s i n to e qu a l p a r t s .

USE O F BO WP EN 25-2
7
E x er ci s e 8 .
— An gl e -p a tc h .

Sm a l l c i rc l e s .

E x e r ci s e 9 .
— Fa c e -wh e e l .

Ce n te r -c i r c l e .

SECTI O NS
E x er ci se 1 0 .
— Cy l i n d r i c a l P i p e ; 6 B o x a n d Co v e r
a . .
.

Ma n n e r o f ta k i n g a n d d ra w i n g s ec
ti o n s .

E x e r cz s e — Stu ffi n -b o x a n d l a n d
11 .
g g .

Se c ti o n i n g d i ffe r e n t p i e c e s .

E x er ci s e 12 .
— a P h e n i x Co l u m n
; b B ra s s e s . .

La r ge a n d s m a l l s e c ti o n s u r fa c e s .
vi CO NT ENTS
P AG E8

SH A D I N G 3 5 45
'

E x e r cz s e 1 3 .
— Ex a m p l e s i n v o l v i n g p ro je c ti n g p a r ts
a nd
h o l lo w s .

O u tl i n e -s h a d i n g .

E x e r ci s e 14 — E e -b a r
y
Sh a d i n g o f c yl i n d e r s .

E x er ci s e 1 5 .
— R i ve ts .

Sh a d i n g s p h e r e s a n d c o n e s .

E x er ci se 6 — a l 6 H d l
1 .
J o u r.n a ; a n e . .

Sh a d i n g fi l l e ts i r re gu l a r c u r v e d
s u r fa c e s ; u s e o f s w e e p s .

E x er ci s e 1 7 — a K e ; b P i n ; c B ra c k e t; d C l i n
.
y . .
y . .

d e r -h e a d .

Mi s c e l l a n e o u s r u l e s fo r s h a d i n g .

LETTER I N G
E e c se 8
x r i 1 — R u l e d l e tte r s .

E x e r ci se 19 Fr e e h a n d l e tte r s
~
.

'
R o u n d wr i t i n g
E x er ez se 2 0 — Le tte r i n g th e Ex e r c i s e s
.
—
1 1 7 .

Ru l e s .

SCREWS .

Ex p l a n a ti o n s a n d ge n e r a l d i r e c ti o n s .

Ex e c e 1
r i s 2 — B o l t a n d n u ts
. .

Tr i a n gu l a r th r e a d .

E x er ci se 22 — O i 1-c u p
. .

E x e r ci s e 23 — Ta i l -s to c k o fLa th e .

Sq u a re -th r ea d .

E x er ci s e 2 4 — Re li e f Va l v e
. .

D ra w i n g o f a h e l i c a l s p ri ng .

C OG -W H EELS o o o o oooooooo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

E x er ci s e 25 — Tw o G e a r -w h e e l s
. .

Pa r ts a n d p r o p o rti o n s o f te e th .

E x e r ci s e 2 6 — Ra c k a n d P i n i o n
.

E x e r ci s e 2 7 — Wo r m a n d Wo r m -w h e e l
. .

E x e r ci se 28 — B e v e l -gea r a n d P i n i o n .

READ I N G OF D RAWI NG S .

E x e r ci s e 2 9 .
— Ma i n
Sh a ft o f Ste a m -e n g i n e .

Co n v e n ti o n a l m a r k i n gs .

E x er ci s e 3 o .
— P i s to n a n d P i s t o n -r o d .

E x e r ci s e 3 1 . Co n n e c ti n g -r o d
U s e o f d e ta i l v i e w s .

MISCE LLA N E O U S .

Vi e w s ; D i m e n s i o n s ; Me th o d s ; Co l o re d I n k s ;
Spe c i a l P r a c ti c e ; Le tte r e d I n s tr u c ti o n s ; T r a
c i n g ; Ad d i t i o n a l I n s tr u m e n ts .
 INTRO DUCTIO N .

A wor ki ng d r a wi ng m u st gi v e a ll the n ecess a ry i n fo r

m a ti o n to the wo rkm an i fi t i s to b e o f a n y p r a c ti c a l us e
,

i n the s h o p . The fo rm o f the o bj ec t to b e c o n s truc ted ,

a s well a s the di m en s i o n s m u st b e s h o wn i n a n u n m i s
,

ta ka bl e m a n n er . So m eti m es rigid l a ws a n d i n o ther ,

c a ses c o n v en ti on a l r u l es m u s t b e o b eye d i n o r de r th a t the

,

res u l ti n g dra wi n g c a n b e eas ily rea d o r u n ders to o d .

I t i s ev ide n t th a t i n de c idi n g a s to th e di ffere n t m eth o ds

to b e e m pl o ye d c erta i n c o n di ti o n s a re i m p o se d the m eth o d
Whic h fu lfi lls the gre a tes t n um ber o f these c o n diti o n s a n d
i n the be s t m a n n er w o uld n a tura l ly b e the on e a do p te d
, .

A few o f th es e a re the fo l l o wi n g : p a r a l lel li n es a re to b e

s h o w n p a ra ll e l di m en s i on s o f li nes i n the dra wi n g s h o u ld
c o rres p o n d i n s o m e d e fi n i te ra ti o to the re a l di m en s i o n s i n

s p a ce a n gl e s b etwee n li n es s h o u ld b e re p res e n te d tr u e to

n a tu re the deta il s o f c o n s tru c ti on a n d th e i n teri o r a ls o

m u st b e di sti n c tly s h o wn .

An o rdi n a ry pers pec tiv e dra wi n g i s n o t a v a il a bl e fo r

this w o rk s i n c e i t s h o ws the o bj ec t a s i t a pp ea rs to the
,

e ye W i th a ll the dis to rti o n s o f f o r m a n d c h a n ge d re l a ti v e

di m en s i o n s We fi n d h o wev er th a t a s the p o in t o f v iew

.
, , ,

i s m o v e d furth er a n d furth er a w a y fro m the o bj ec t th es e ,

dis to rti o n s a re gra dua lly dec rea s ed Thus i f fa r en o u gh

.
,

a wa y the e ye wo u ld p erc e i v e th e righ t a n gl es o f the f

, ro n t

fa ce o f a c u b e fo r e x a m ple a s r ight a n gl es a n d the fro n t

, , ,

fa c e i tse l f as a s qu a re a n d the o ther e dges a s p a ra ll e l

,

lin es .
2 MECH ANI C AL D RA WI NG .

Le t us n o w i m a gi n e a c lea r pa n e o f gl a ss to b e pl a ced
i n fro n t o f the c u be a n d let u s tra c e the o utli ne a n d edges
,

o f the c u b e o n th a t p a n e a s th e y w ou ld a ppe a r to a n e ye

v e ry f a r a wa y Ra ys o f light fro m e v ery p o in t o f the

.

c u be to the di s ta n t eye a re p ra c ti c a lly p a r a ll e l to e a c h

o th er a n d the p o i n ts wh ere th e y pierc e th e p a n e o f gl a s s

, ,

for m the i m a ge o r tra c i n g o f the c u be bey o n d Fi g 1 . .

s h o ws the c u b e a s v i ewe d a t a n a n gl e by a n e ye pl a ce d

fa r a wa y a bove the l ev el o f the c u b e a n d to the n ight

, .

I f we n o w su pp o se the eye to m o v e d o wn a n d to the fro n t

o f the o bj ec t the ra ys o f v i s i on will be c o m e p erp e n dic u l a r
,

to the p a n e o f gl a s s a n d the to p a n d the s ide o f the c u be

,

will shrin k i n s i z e u n til When a t l as t the eye i s i n fron t

, ,

th e y dis a ppe a r a lto gether a n d F i g 2 i s the res ul t

. .

FIG . 1 .

Fi g . 1 -
is a s o c all ed p a ra ll el pers pec tive o f the cu be .

The to p a n d s ide a re ev iden tly disto rted whil e the edges , ,

th o u gh p a ra ll el to ea c h o th er m a y o r m a y n o t b e e qu a l
,

i n l en gth to the lin es b o u n di n g the fro n t fa c e dep en di n g ,

on the o bliqu ity o f th e V i ew . This m eth o d o f dra wi n g i s

us e f u l i n br i n gi n g o u t the s o lidi ty o f a n o bj ec t a n d i n ,

g i v i n g s o m e id ea c o n c e rn i n g th e r e l a ti v e di m en s i o n s o f
 I NT RO D U CT I O N .
3

s o m e o f the li nes The i n for m a ti o n i m p a rted i s however

.
, ,

n o t a bs o l u te Th us i n the c as e o f Fi g 1 the bl ock repre

.
, .

se n te d m a y b e a s o lid i n wh i c h th e s ides to p a n d b o tto m ,

a re i n cl i n ed to the f r on t f a ce a n d a re n o t a t right a n gl es
,

to i t a s i n the c u b e
, We s ha ll em pl oy this metho d o f
.

repres en ta ti o n ( p a r a ll e l p e rs pe c ti v e ) a s a n a ux ili a ry to

e n a bl e th e s tu de n t to i m a gi n e the s o l ids to b e dra wn .

Fi g 2 giv es the m a n n er us ua lly em pl oyed We m a y

. .

i m a gi n e the e ye s ighti n g a l on g ea c h perp en di c u l a r e dge

Em 2 . .

a nd tra c i n g the lines o n the tra n spa ren t p a n e a s the eye

m o v es kee pi n g a lwa ys direc tly i n fron t o f the e dges
,

dra wn . The resul t will th en b e the s a m e as i f the V i ew

were ta ken fro m a v ery dis ta n t p o i n t Thi s dra wi n g a l o n e
.

F i
( g ) . 2 i s h o,w ev e r n o t s u f
fi
,
c i e n t : i t gi v es o n ly tw o

di m en s i o n s o fthe s o lid To o bta i n the third dim en s i o n

.
,

a n o th er dire c t v iew o f the c u b e i s tra ce d o n a tra n s

p a ren t pl a n e pl a ced p erpen dic u l a rly to the p a n e i n fro n t o f

the o b j ec t This sec o n d v iew m a y b e e ither fro m the to p
.
,

fr o m be l o w fro m the right o r fro m the l eft a n d i s ta ke n

, ,

b y s ightin g i n a m a n ner like the o n e des c ribed a bo v e .

I n a wo rki n g dr a wi n g th es e V i e ws a r e th en p l a c ed on the
4 MECH ANI CAL D RA WI NG .

s a me s heet o f p a per i n pro per c o rres p o n di n g p o s i ti o n s .

U s u a lly tw o o f th e v i ews ta k e n s u fli c e to sh o w the fo r m

a n d p ro p o rti o n s i n c o m p l i c a te d pi ec es o f m a c hi n ery ,

h o wever thre e a n d ev en m ore Views a re n ec es s a ry to

,

giv e the i n fo rm a ti on requ ired The pl a n es o n wh ic h the

.

tra c i n g i s s u pp o s e d to b e d o n e a re p l a c e d a t righ t a n gl e s
to e a c h o the r a n d the tra c i n gs a re then p ro p erly a rra n ge d
,

o n the s a m e s h ee t o f p a p er .

FIG . 3 .

Fi g .
3 h o
s w s a gl a s s b o x i n whi c h th e s o lid i s s u p
p o sed to b e pl a c ed ; the v iews a re sh o wn tra ce d o n the
p a n es the li n es o f s igh t be i n g i n ev ery c a se a t right
,

a n gl es to the p a n e ta k e n . The v i ew o n the fro n t pl a te i s

c a ll e d th e f ron t v i e w or e l ev a ti o n
- a n d s h o ws the f
,
ro n t o f

the o bj e c t i n i ts n a tu ra l u pr igh t p o s i ti o n ; the to p pl a n e

g i v e s the to p
-
v i e w o r pl a n ; th e r igh t a n d th e l e ft s id e s
 I NT RO D U CT I O N .
5
s h w
o res pec tiv el y the right a n d le ft s id iews o r en d
-
e v

e le v a ti on s ; the b o tto m c a rr i es th e b o tto m v i e w o r v i e w

-

fr o m th e b o tto m u pwa r d .

Fi g 4 ill ustr a tes the proper gro upi n g o f the dra wi n gs

.
.

The hi n ges m a rke d i n Fi g 3 i n di c a te the m a n n er i n

.

F
ront Viewor F
hmlElevati on .

Bottom Utes} .

FIG . 4
.

whic h the v a ri o u s pl a tes a re s wun g forwa rd i n to the

pl a n e i n fro n t o f the o bj ec t The fro n t v iew i s pl a c ed i n
.

th e c e n ter a n d ea c h o f the o th er v i e ws i s pl a c e d to th a t
,

s ide o f th e e l ev a ti o n fr om whi c h i t i s ta ken .

6 MECH ANI CAL D RA WING .

EX ERCISE 1 .

Dra w the front vi ew, top vi ew an d ri ght-

- - side-
vi ew of the

obj ect shown i n Fi gs 3 an d 4, maki ng the li n es ab out four

.

ti mes as long as in Fi g . 4
. It n eed hardly b e sai d that the
b ox, the panes, an d the hi nges are n ot to b e drawn .

SP ECI A L I NSTR U CT I O NS : The

dent i s a dv is ed to
s tu
”
proc ure a dra wi n g bo a rd 1 2 x
-
, an 1 8 T s qu a re tw o
-
,

a n d thu m b ta c ks
°
tr i a n gl es ,
a n d 60 a n d Spec ia l .

dra wi n g p a per i s to b e used for this work a n d a ha r d ,

pen c il No 5 or No 6 or gra de VH i s n ee ded fo r the

, . .
,

p urp ose of pro duc i n g a fa i n t s ketc h th a t c a n eas ily b e

eras e d a f ter the dra wi n g ha s bee n i n ke d i n The ex er .

c is e s i n thi s b o o k a re des ign ed s o a s to go o n p a p er

”
m x 1 4 lea v in g a m a r gin o f a t lea st o n three s ides ,
”
a n d a s pec i a l m a rgi n o f 1 o n the l e f t s ide fo r the p urp o se
o f bi n di n g th e s et .

Figs 5 a n d 6 illus
. tra te th e p os i ti on o f the T s qu a re
-

for dra wi n g h o ri z o n ta l l i n es perpen dic ul a rs to these

h o ri z o n ta l s a re m a de by m ea n s o fthe tr i an gl es as s h o w n .

Pa ra ll e l h ori z o n ta l li n es a re co n struc ted b y s i m ply s hi ft

'
-
i n g the T s q u a re the hea d o f the s a m e bei n g i n c o n ta c t
,

with the lefi ha n d e dge o f the bo a rd I n a s im ila r m a n

- .

n er p er pe n di cu l a rs a re p a ss e d thr o u gh p o i n ts by s i m pl y
,

s lidi n g the tr i a n gl e a l o n g th e T s q u a re u n til i t i s i n the

-

pro per p os iti o n a s s h o wn i n Figs 7 a n d 8

,
. .
 U SE OF T -
SQ U ARE, T R I ANG LES, ET C .
7
An di n a ry 1 2 ru l e m a y b e u se d fo r the presen t i n
or
’

m ea s u ri n g o fi di s ta n c es a s requ ire d
, .

The s p a c i n g o fthe v i ews i s c hi efl y a m a tter o f a r tis ti c

j ud gm en t Al l th a t c a n b e s a id i n re ga rd to this m a tter
.

i s th a t the v iews m u s t n o t b e too fa r a p a rt be c a us e th e y

,

Fro . 5
.

th e n a ppea r to b e
i n depe n den t o f o n e a n o ther a n d i t ,

beco m es d i fi c u lt to tra ce c orresp o n di n g p a rts Further .

m o re too s m a ll a s p a c e m us t a l s o b e a v o ide d bec a us e

, ,

th en the v ie ws a re m erge d to geth e r a n d d o n o t a pp ea r

8 MECH ANI CAL D RA WI NG .

se pa ra te a n d disti nc t I t i s a ls o ev iden t tha t l a rge dra w

.

i n gs w ill requ ire l a rger s p a ces tha n s m a ll o nes Fro m .

to 1 i s the a m o u n t th a t m a y b e a ll o wed i n m a ki n g
the exe rc i ses des c ribe d i n this b oo k .

I t i s o fte n des ira bl e to s h o w edges th a t a re n o t

direc tl y v is ibl e . This i s done by m ea ns o f s o ca ll ed -

do tted li n es whi ch a re rea lly fo rm ed o f s h o rt das hes

. .

FIG . 6 .

Thes e i n di c a te tha t a certa i n edge o r li n e wou ld a ppea r

i n th a t p o s i ti o n if the o bj ec t were tra n s p a re n t e n o ugh .

The b o tto m v i ew i n Fi g 4 ill us tr a tes this c on v e n ti o n a l

.

m eth o d o frep re s en ti n g h idden edges .

A fter the dr a wi n g ha s bee n s ke tc hed i n pe n c il i t i s to ,

”
be i n k ed i n . The dra wi n g p en a n d the p ro per m a n
-
,

n er o f h o ldi n g i t a re s h o w n i n F
, igs 5 to 8 The I n di a
. .
IO MEC HANI C AL D R A WIN G .

a part Try yo u r p en o n a s ep a ra te s lip o f p a per be fo re

.
,

a pplyi n g i t to the dra wi n g Like a n y o th er too l s dra w

.
,

i n g i n s tr u m e n ts m u s t b e k ep t c l e a n a n d s h o uld b e wip e d ,

of f b e fo re the i n k h a s a c h a n ce to d r y As rega rds the .

qu a lity o f the i n s tru m e n ts th ey s h o uld b e the best th a t

,

th e s tu den t i s a bl e to p ro c u re .

Era se a ll p en c il li n es wi th a so ft rub ber th a t d oes n o t ,

m a r the i n k li n es
- .

FI G . 8 .

EX ERCISE 2 .

Draw the plan and the el evati on ofthe foll owing objsets
a A sq uar e pri sm,
.

b A sq uare pyrami d, 2 x 2 x 3 hi gh
” "
.

0 A wedge (tri angul a r pri sm), r ecta ngular b ase

. x3
hei ght .

SP E CIA L I N STR U CT I ONS The el ev a ti o n represen ts the

o bj ec t i n i ts n a tur a l p o s iti o n . Thus , th e pr i s m s h o u l d be
 USE O F -
T S Q U A R E, T R IANGL E S, ET C .

pl a ce d i n a n u prigh t p o s i ti o n the fr o n t fa c e ( 2 x 3 a p
,

pe a ri n g as a rec ta n gle i n fu l l s i z e s i m il a rl y the pl a n will

s h o w a s qu a re wh o s e s id e i s The pyr a m id in a like
,

m a n n er i s b es t pl a c e d o n the s qu a re b a se the pl a n will

,

then b e a s qu are wi th the di a go n a l s to rep rese n t the s l a n t

i n g e dges . I t will b e n o ti ce d th a t thes e edges a re fo res ho rt
e n e d i n b o th v i e ws a n d there f
, o re th e i r a c tu a l l en gth c a n

n o t b e deter m i n e d direc tl y f r o m the dra wi n g if the a l ti

tu de o r h e igh t o f the pyr a m id a n d h a l f the di a go n a l i n the
s qu a re pl a n a re l a id o f fp erp e n di c u l a rl y to eac h o th er then
,

the li n e ( h yp o th e n u se ) c o m pl eti n g the r igh t a n gl e d tri a n

-

g l e will g i v e th e l e n gth o f th e s l a n ti n g e dges

.

Fro m the di m en s i on s gi v en the elev a ti o n a n d the pl a n

,

o fth e w edge c a n b e rea dil y f o un d . The fo r m er will b e

”
a rec ta n gl e 3 , x b ut doe s n o t s h o w the tru e s i z e o f
the s l a n ti n g fro n t fa ce the we dge li n e a ppea rs a s a li n e
-

”
d ra wn a c ro ss the rec ta n gu l a r pl a n ( 3 x whi c h gi ves
the tr ue s i z e o fthe b a s e o n ly . I f des ire d the di m e n s i o n s
,

o fthe s l a n ti n g li n es c a n b e f o u n d by a c o n str uc ti o n s i m i

la r to the o n e des c ribe d i n c on n ec ti o n wi th the pyr a m id .

I n stea d o fthe re c ta n gul a r e l ev a ti o n a v iew fro m the tr i a n

,

gul a r en d m a y b e s u bstitute d ; the res u l t will then b e a

dra wi n g s ho wi ng m o re c l early the form o fthe wedge .
I2 M ECH A NI C AL D R A WI NG .

EX ERCISE 3 .

Dra w thr ee vi ews (fr on -

t vi ew, si de-
vi e w, and pl an) each

of Fi g 9 and Fi g
. Mark the di mensi ons on
. the drawing "

SP E CI A L I N ST R U CT I ON S : Au xili a ry li n es a re u se d to
s h o w di m en s i o n s These a re th i n l o n g da s hed li n es
-
.
,

Fm . 9 .

dr a w n p a ra ll el to the dista n ces the s i z e o fwhic h

nea r a n d

i s to b e giv en The en ds o fthe di m en s i o n li n es a re s hown

,
.

to c o rres p on d to the p ro per p o i n ts by s h o rt c ros s li n es ;

Now : Fi g
I"
. 10i s a so -
ca lle d I so m e tri c dr a w i g
n .
 D I MENSIO N LI NES.
- 13

th ey a re l m arked with a rro whea ds dra wn

a so h d ,
-
free a n
with a n o rdin a ry wri ti n g pen
-
I n a sp a c e l e ft o pe n n ea r
.

the m iddl e o fthe di m e n s i on li n e the figure i n di ca ti n g the

-

l en gth i s m a rked Thes e fi gures a re bes t pl a c ed s o a s to

.

rea d a l o n g the di m en s i o n li n es a n d fr o m the b o tto m or ,

fro m the r ight h a n d s ide for h o r i z o n ta l s a n d v e rtic a ls

-
,

res pec ti vely The i n c h ( m a rke d

. i s u s u a lly ta ken a s
the u n i t *
.

FI G . 10 .

The ketc hes s h o wn i n Figs 9 a n d 1 0 a re i n ten ded to

s .

ta ke the pl a c e o f m o d el s the y i n di c a te th e s o lid fo rm o f

th e o bj ec t to b e dr a wn .

The di m en s i o n s s h o u ld b e m a rk e d o n ev ery w o rkin g

dra wi n g h en c e the s tu den t i s e x pec te d to fi gure every
e x e rc i s e fo ll o wi n g .

*
Seve ra l f h
or ms of t ese g
n u re s a re gi ve n in Fi g . 50
.
14 M EC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

EXERCISE 4 .

Draw the three vi ews requi red for the b ench shown in
Fi g 11 Scal e :
. .

SP ECI A L I NSTR U CT I O NS Si nc e i t i s ra re l y p ra c ti c a bl e
to m a ke the di m en s i o n s o f a dr a wi n g th e s a m e as th o se o f
the o bj ec t i ts el f the m e th o d o f dra wi n g to s c a l e h a s been
,

FIG 11 .

in v e n ted . The rel a ti ve p ro po rti o n s o f the p a rts a re c or

rec tly s h o wn whil e the a c tu a l di m e n s i o n s a re o bta i n e d b y
,

us i n g a redu ce d u n it . Th us i n this dra win g e a c h 74

,
1
”
sta n ds f or 1 o n the o bj ec t ; a n d if we c o n s tr uc t a r ul e o n

whic h the q ua rter i n c hes a re m arked i n the o rder o fn u m

-

b ers as the i n c h es o n the i n c h rul e i t c a n b e u se d direc tly

-
,
 D RA WI NG To SC AL E . 1 5
to l a y 0 5 qu ired dis ta n c es o n o ur dra wi n g The s tudent
re .

”
i s a dv ise d to b uy a s p ec i a l s c a l e rul e a t l ea st 1 2 l o n g
-
, ,

a n d di v ide d to s e ver a l di f feren t s c a l es o n v a ri o us s ides .

A go o d s c a l e i s the tri a n gul a r s c a l e s h o wn F ig 1 2 , .

,
'

giv i n g d i fi ere n t div is i o n s o n the s i x s ides a n d i n the

g r oo v es Th
. e s e c orre s p o n d to

to the foo t y i e ldi n g r e d u c ,

ti O Il S as fO IIO WS : 1
7 48 )
1
/ 21i
and 1 .

The to the fo o t can be u se d as a s c a l e the ,

i n c h be i n g then su bdiv ide d i n to twelfths i n s tea d o f

e igh th s a n d s i x te en th s a s u s u a l .

FIG . 12
.

The sca e l may giv en s i m ply a s a n a bstra c t

l
a so be
fra c ti o n o r a ga i n a s a c er ta i n n u m ber o f i n c h es o r fra c
,

”
ti o n s o f a n i n c h to the fo o t Thus the sc a l e . 1 ,

”
m a y b e c a ll ed s c a le 74 o r sc a l e 3
1
, I n e v ery c a se
the sc a l e o fthe dra wi n g s h o u ld b e m a rk e d o n i t I f fo r .

s o m e rea s o n o r o th er a n u n u s u a l s c a l e i s ta ke n a f ew ,

di m en s io ns s h o u ld b e m a rke d o ff o n a sep a ra te li n e a s ,

e x em p l ifi e d i n m a p s .

’
The s tu de n t s a tte n ti o n i s c a l l e d to the s pe c i a l m a n n er
o f fi gu r i n g s m a ll di m en s i o n s : the a rro w he a ds m a y b e
-

tur n e d the o th er w a y a s fo r th e di m en s i o n
, o r e ls e

th e fi gure m a y b e pl a c e d o u ts i d e a l to geth er a s fo r ,

( See Fi g .

The fo rm of the be n c h is s h o wn i n the fre e ha n d

-

pers pec tiv e s ketc h .

16 MECH ANI C AL D RAWI NG .

EXERCISE 5 .

Con struct a complete worki ng dr awi ng fr om the free

ha n d perspecti ve sketch of the b ox shown i n F i g 13 Scal e . .

'
1 1 (1
"

SP E CI A L I NSTR U CTI O NS : gh sketc h i s v ery

A ro u

often gi v en to a d ra u gh ts m a n fro m whic h he i s req u i red

,

to c o n s tr uc t a co m pl ete a n d a c c ur a te d ra wi n g I n order .

to a c c us to m the s tu de n t to s u c h wo rk he sh ould b e ,

req u ire d to dev el o p a n d co py dr a wi n gs wi th ou t p a yi n g

FI G . 13 .

the s lightes t a tten ti o n to fa ul ty ou tli n e wron g prop or ,

ti o n s o r o ther m i s ta kes i n the o ri gi n a l be fo re hi m

, He .

s h o u l d a l s o p r a c ti c e s ke tc hi n g free h a n d a n d m a r ki n g
—

di m en s i o ns i n a c l ea r a n d u n m ista ka ble m a n n er ; for tha t

purp o s e a c tu a l m o del s o r pi eces o f m a c hi n ery a re n ec es
s a ry f
,
ro m whi c h the dra u gh ts m a n fi rs t m a ke s a ro u gh

di m en s i o n ed s ketc h a n d then wo rks o ut the fi n i shed

,

dra wi n g .

The s tu den t m u st dec ide fo r hi m s el f wh a t v iews a re

n ece s s a ry f o r the complete dra wi n g .
18 MECH ANI C AL D R A WI NG .

the dra wi n g th ey a re c o m posed o fa l tern a te l on g a n d s h ort

,

das hes a n d a re u s ua lly exten ded i n defi n i tely bey on d the

,

o u tli n es o f the v iews a n d i n n o ca s e term i n a te o n the

,

o utli n e o r a t a n y p a rti c ul a r p o i n ts The c en ter li n e i s

.
-

FIG . 16 .

dr a wn i n e ver y c a s e a s a n i
a x s o f s y m m e tr , a n d
y d i men
i l id o ff fro m i t i n b o th di rec ti o n s Th ese di s tan ces
s o n s a re a .

a re b e st m arke d o n the f ro n t v i e w b e c a u s e th ere the di a m

-
,

eters a pp ea r a s s tra i gh t l i n es .
 CENT ER LI NES . 19

The s m a ll i l ho wn i n the eleva ti on i s o n e v iew o f

c rc e s

a h o l e drill e d th rou gh the s h a n k o f the i T h t

p n e
. ce n er

o fthi s h o l e m us t a l s o b e m a r ke d b y the i n tersec ti o n o f tw o

-
perpen dic ul a r c en ter lin es The dista n ce o f the cen ter
.

FIG . 17
.

fro m the en d of the p i n s h o u ld likewis e be n o te d on th e

dra wi n g .

The c om p a ss pro per p os i ti o n fo r i t a re

and the
ill u str a te d i n Fi g 1 6. The p e n p o i n t s h o u ld b e n ea rly
.
-

perpen di c ul a r to the p a p er ; the s ta rti n g p o s i ti o n s h o uld

20 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

be s uc h tha t the en tire c irc le c a n b e s wept wi th o n e c on

ti n u o u s s tro ke by m ov i n g the thu m b fo rwa rd a n d a ro un d
wi thou t s hifti n g the h old on the co m pass ( Fi g . . A
c irc l e th a t ha s been dr a wn i n s ev er a l i n sta l m en ts i s n ev er

a s s m o o th a n d p erf ec t a s o ne fi n i shed wi th o n e s wee p .

The s tu den t ha s p r o b a bly l ea rn e d fro m ex perien c e

th a t dra wi n g pen s d o n o t re qu ire a n y p res su re to c a u se
-

the i n k to fl ow f r o m the i n strum e n t to the p a p er .

 U SE O F D I VI D ERS . 21

EXERCISE 7 .

Three vi ews of i nk-

p ot shown Fi g. 18 . Full Si z e. Mark
dimen si ons "
SP E CIA L I NSTRU CTI O NS The c e n ter li ne bein g dra wn
-

a n d th e ce n ter m a rke d pl a n , dra w the c irc le i n

FIG . 18
.

w h ic h the re gul a r h exa go n i s to b e i n sc ribed . A p a ir o f

d i v iders i s th e i n str um e n t b es t a da p te d fo r s teppi n g
22 M EC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

05 e qu a l di s ta n c es
. The s ide o f the hexagon i s th eo
reti c a l l y e qu a l to th e ra di us o f the c irc l e b u t ifwe a ppl y
th a t p ri n c ipl e i n the pres en t c ase we m a y di s c ov er a n e rror

FI G . 19
.

owi n g to s pri n g o f the di v iders or to i n eq u a lities i n the

,

b o a r d or on the p a per . Fi gs 1 9 20 a n d 2 1 sh o w the

.
, , ,

m o ti on o f the p o i n ts o f the di vide rs i n s teppi n g 05 equ a l

dis ta n c es a l o n g a s tra ight o r a c urv ed li n e I fthe di sta n c e
.
 U SE O F D I VI D ERS . 23

is to o small , we m us t se pa ra te the l egs di v iders b y

o f the

dis ta n c e eq ua l to o n e s i x th o fthe re m a i n der l e f

-
a t o v er
,

a fi er s teppi n g s i x ti m es . If , o n the c o n tra r y the s ide o f

,

E m 20
. .

the hexa gon i s too grea t i t m us t b e dec rea sed by on e

,

s i x th o fthe s urpl u s or di s ta n c e o v ers te ppe d Th ree su c

.

, ,fi c i en t to div ide the

cess i v e tr i a l s s h o u ld i n a n y c a s e b e s u f

c i rc l e i n to s i x or a n y o th er n u m b er o f p a rts A s i m il a r
.
24 MEC HANI C AL D RA WING .

u s e o f the div iders en abl es the dra u ghts m a n to div ide a

s tra igh t or a c urv e d di s ta n c e i n to a n y n u m ber o f eq u a l

pa rts .

Tw o i ws wo uld h a v e been su fii c i ent i n this c a se

v e

the pl a n a n d th a t v i e w whi c h s h o w s th ree fa c es a n d n o t

,

Fro . 21
.

the one h o wi n g o n l y two

s The e x tre me li n es o f the
.

el ev a ti o n th en rep res en t e dges a n d n o t f ,a c es a n d the

m iddle fa ce a t l ea s t i s dra w n i n true width whil e b o th

, , ,

fa ces i n the o th er v i ew a pp e a r fo re s h o rte n ed

-
.

The free h a n d v iew gives the n ec essa ry di m en s i o n s

-
.
26 M EC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

i n k the c u rv e fi rs t , and tlzen the igh t li n es b ec a use

s tra ,

better ta n gen c y will b e a tta i n ed Th is r ul e s ho u ld b e

.

a pp l i e d i n e v ery c a se whe re s tr a igh t l i n es a n d c ur ves are

to b e dr a w n ta n ge n t to ea c h o ther .

The tw o V ie ws ta ke n i n thi s c a s e c an h a rdly b e c a ll ed

.

e l ev a ti o n a n d pl a n, or fro n t a n d to p v i e w
-
I t i s b ette r .

to pl a c e the m n e x t to e a c h o th er a s a fron t a n d a s ide

,

e le v ati o n th e l a tter be i n g V i e we d f
,
r o m the o p e n o r co n

c ave f a ce o fthe a n gl e A th ird v i ew m a y b e c o n s ide re d

.

n e cess a ry to s h o w the pos i ti o n th e f o r m a n d th e s p a c i n g

, ,

o f the h o l es i n the o th e r fl a n e o f the a n gl e t wi th th e

g y e

FIG . 23 .

c en ter -
li n es a n d the dista n ces m a rke d thes e h o l es c a n b e ,

a cc u ra tel y l oc a te d i n the tw o v i ews ta k e n .

The ra di us o fthe qu a dra n t c a n b e i n dic a te d i n a wa y

s i m i l a r to th a t s h o wn i n the s ke tc h ( F i g 2 2 ) a n a rro w .
,

s tarti n g f ro m the c e n ter a n d en di n g o n the c irc u m feren ce ,

”
c a rri es th e i n s c ripti o n 1 R .

EXERCISE 9 .

Two h -
vi ews o t e face wheel
f Fig 24 full si z e
. .
, .

SP E C I AL I NST R U CT I O NS I t will b e n oti c e d th a t the

s m a ll c i rc l es r e p res e n ti n g i n pl a n th e pr oj ec ti o n s f
, ro m

the fa c e o f the p l a te a re a rra n ge d a ro u n d the c en ter o f

,

the di s k . I n stea d o f a s tra ight c e n ter l i n e a c en ter

-
,
 U SE O F B O WPEN . 27

i l i s dra wn m a rkin g the p o s iti o n s o f these sm a ller

c rc e ,

c irc l es th e s h o rt l i n es i n tersec ti n g the c e n ter c irc l e m a rk

-

the ce n ters a n d are dra wn p o i n ti n g to the c en ter o f the

,

F161. 24 .

The di a m eter o f this c en t ci rc l e i s shown o n a n

er -

i n cli n ed li n e p ass i n g thro u gh the cen ter a n d fi n i shed o f

,
f
wi th a rro w h ea ds a t the c i rc u m feren c e o f the c i rc le the
-

fi gure i s m a rke d bey on d the c e nter .

28 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

EXERCISE 10 .

a. Two vi ews of a cyli n dri ca l i

pp ;
e scale, 1 1
b Three
. vi ews of a b ox an d cover ; scal e, 1 =1

SP ECI A L I NSTRU CTI O NS Fi g 25 gives the two .

V i ews o f th e pipe O u c o n s idera ti o n ho wev er i t i s

.
, ,

o bs erve d th a t the i n form a ti o n i m p a rte d by th e

s e v i ews i s

Fm . 25 . E m 26
. .

not d efi n i te . We c a n n o t tell fro m the

dra win g wh ether
the i n n e r c irc l e a n d the d o tte d li n es c orresp o n d to a plug
fi ll i n g the h o l l o w or m erely to the hollow its el f I n the
,
.

fo rm er c a s e we m igh t m a rk th a t fa c t by l etteri n g the

,

”
wo r d ,
pl ug b ut i n the l a tter c a se a m ore direc t c o n
, ,

ven ti o n a l w a y i s e m pl o yed .
 SECT I O NS . 29

I fwe were to sa w the pipe i n h a l f as i n dic a ted i n Fi g

, .

2 7 we n o ti c e th a t we a re c u tti n g th e m a ter i a l i n the w a ll s

,

o f th e pipe o n ly ifth ere were a pl u g we s ho u ld b e c ut ,

ti n g i t a l so
. I f we no w sh o w the c i rc u l a r v iew wi th the
s a w i n pl a ce we get the pl a n rep res e n te d i n F
,
i g 26 The . .

c enter li n e m a de u p o f das h es a l tern a ti n g wi th two d ots

-

( o r r a th e r tw o s h o rter d a s h es ) i s c a ll e d the pl a n e o f s e c

tion a n d s h o ws the m a n n er i n whi c h the s a w i s su pp ose d

to c ut . We n o w suppo se th a t the fro n t h a l fi s rem ov ed
a n d the i n ter i o r will b e di s pl a y ed a s we ll a s the s urf a ces

m a de by the c u tti n g p la n e .The do tte d li n es i n Fi g 2 5 .

a re re pl a c e d b y li n es i n f u ll F i g 26 a n d the pl a n e sur
, .
,

FIG . 27
.

fa ces a re i
s ec t o n e d , th a t i s , d with p ara llel li n es
co ve re .
c

AB Sec ti o n o n AB
”
The l etter i n g a nd i s c u sto m a ry
,

th o u gh n ot a bs o l utely n ecessa ry .

The s ec ti o n li n es a re best dra w n b y s lidi n g the 45

- °

°
tri a n gl e a l o n g the T sq ua re gi v i n g a n i n c li n a ti o n o f 45
-
,

wi th the c en ter li n es The thi c kn ess o f the sec ti o n li n es

- .
-

s h o u ld b e s o m ewh a t l es s th a n th a t o f the o u tli n e whil e ,

the dis ta n c e a p a rt s h o u ld n o t b e l es s th a n a b o u t
The stu den t i s c a u ti o n e d a ga i n s t c a rel ess s ec ti o n i n g a n d ,

s h o u ld ra th er s to p s h o rt o f the o u tli n e th a n c ro ss i t i n a ,

ra gge d m a n n er .

The c yl i n dr ic a l b o x ( b ) to b e dra w n i s sh o wn o n ly i n
3 0 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

l on gi tu di n a l sec ti on i n Fi g 28 The o ther v i ews

. .

re qu i re d a re a n o u ts id e el ev a ti o n a n d the p l a n The li n e .

C Fi g 2 8 re presen ts th e upper edge o f the h o ll o w i n the

, .
,

-
ba c k gro u n d The li n es m a rked C i n Figs 2 6 a n d 2 7
.
.

s h o w a s i m il a r c o n s tru c ti o n .

No ti ce th a t the sec tio n i n g i n the b ox pro per i s i n a

‘

d i fi ere n t direc ti o n fro m th a t i n the co v er This i s do ne .

i n o rder to s h o w tha t th es e two pi eces a re s ep a ra te .

E m 28 . .

EXERCISE 1 1 .

29 represents a parall el p er specti ve vi ew of one-half

fing-
”
of a stuf b ox an d g l an d . The student i s to dr aw a

an d a plan Scale : 3 1 ft
"

secti onal elevati on . .

SP E CIA L As i n dic a te d i n the per

I NST R U CT I O NS :

sp ec ti v e fi gure b y the c h a n ge o f di rec ti o n o f the s ec ti o n

l i n es the o bj ec t c o n ta i n s fo u r s ep a ra te pi ec es
, I n the .

s ec ti o n a l v i ew th erefore a s i m il a r me th o d m us t b e e m
, ,

pl oyed to disti n gu is h the va rio us piec es fro m ea c h other .

The d i s ti n cti on betwee n lon gi t d i

u n a l secti on a n d cross sec ti on is a pp
a re n t
.
 SECT I O NS .
3 1

No tw o dra ugh ts m en w o uld p ro ba bly a gree a s to the dirce

ti o n a n d s p a c i n g o f the s ec ti o n li n es
-
We a dv ise the stu .

°
den t to c h o o se the 45 in c lin a ti o n when ev er p o ss ibl e a nd , ,

a l s o to k eep the sa m e s p a c i n g b etwee n th e li n es Thus i n .

the fi gu re s h o wn ev en c o n tigu o us pi ec es a re s ec ti o n e d i n a
,

s i m il ar m a n n er a n d the di f
,
fe ren c e be twee n the p a r ts is
s h o w n by b rea ki n g the s ec ti o n i n g a t th e div idi n g li n es ,

”011 3

FIG 29

ta ki n g c a re th a t the i li n es a re n o t c o n ti n u o us a cross
sec t o n

the tw o pieces I n . e x c e p ti o n a l c a s es 3 0 o r 6
, 0
°
i n c
°
li n a

ti o n m a y b e c h o s e n .

The fa c t th a t the s m a ll pi ec es are to b e m a de o f bras s ,

whil e the res t o f the dev ic e i s to b e c a s t iro n m a y b e ,

i n di c a te d a s i n the fi gure by m ea ns o fpro per i nscripti o n s

, , .

The w o r d bra ss i s pl a c e d o u ts ide o fthe pi ec e bec a use ,

the s p a c e i s too s m a ll fo r a n e a t i n scrip ti on ; the n a m e

c a s t i ro n o n the o th er h a n d i s p ri n te d r igh t o n the
,

p a rts a s sh o wn i n a sp a c e l eft i n the s ec ti o n i n g

, .
3 2 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

So m e dra u gh ts men a dv oc a te s pec i a l for m s o f s ec ti o n

i n g fo r di f fere n t m a teri a l s s u c h a s fo r e x a m pl e i s u se d
, , ,

by U n wi n i n hi s boo k o n Ma c hi n e Des ign ill us tra te d o n ,

p .1 6 o f th a t w o r k : a l ter n a te th i c k a n d thi n li n es fo r

wro ugh t i ro n a l tern a te fu ll a n d d as h ed li n es for brass

, ,

da she d li n es fo r steel etc No u n i fo rm a n d s ta n da rd

, .

m e th o d ha s yet bee n d efi n i tel y a do pted ; i f therefo re , ,

a n y on e des ires to u se th i s pl a n s a m p l e s qu a res ill us

, ,
'

tr a ti n g the di f feren t s h a din g s h o u ld b e m a rk e d o n the

,

d ra wi n g wi th th e n a m es o f the m a ter i a l s represen ted

, .

( S ee S ta n d a r d S e c ti ons F i
, g .

EXERCISE 12 .

a . Cross-
secti on an d el evati on of Phenix column, Fig . 30
Scale :
.
-
b Secti onal front vi ew, an d pl an of the two b rasses, Fi g . 31
.

(Fi g 3 2 illustrates the perspecti ve ) Scal e : 52

. .

SP E CI A L I NST R U CTI O NS The Phe n i x c o l u m n i s

bu il t up o f a n u m ber o f fl a n ged s trips fas ten e d to gether ,

by bo l ts or riv ets Fo r the sa ke o f si m plic ity thes e

.
,

fas te n i n gs a re m erely s u gges ted i n the dra wi n g as well as ,

the h o l es thro u gh whi c h the y p a s s The c r o ss s ec ti o n

- .

a l o n e s u fii c es i n th i s c a se i f p ro perly m arke d
, The .

v erti c a l v i e w s h o u ld b e dra w n b y the stu de n t b e c a u s e i t ,

p resen ts the pro ble m o f c orrec tly pl a c i n g the v ertic a l

li n es .

La rge s urfa ces n eed n o t b e c o vered en tirely wi th sec

ti o n li n es whil e s m a ll o n e s m a y b e fi lled i n i n bl a c k
-
, .

This i s ill ustra ted i n the dra wi n gs o fthe bushi n gs where ,

the n a rro w b l a c k s p a c es re pres e n t se c ti ons o f the wh i te

m e ta l u s ed Wa ter c o l ors i n s tea d o f s ec ti o n l i n es a re
.
,
-
,

so m eti m es u sed to c o v e r a c ut s u r fa c e wi th a ti n t d e fi n i te ,
34 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

a re petiti o n The li n es AO B s h o w tha t

. one -
h l f o f the
a

r igh t h a n d bra ss i s c ut a wa y
- .
-
The fron t el ev a tio n i s
th u s a c o m bi n e d o uts ide a n d sec ti on a l v iew .

SIDE ELEVAT lON.

FI G . 31
.

Figs 3 0 a n d 3 1 a repa rtl y sh a de d to help the stu de n t

to i m a gi n e thes e o bj ec ts . Th e p ri n c ipl es i n v ol v e d a re
e x pl a i n e d i n the fo ll owi n g p a ges .
 Q H AD I NG .
35

Copy the Figs .

-
33 3 6 . Full si z e.

SP E CI AL I NSTRU CTI O NS : So me of the outl i n es a re

dra wn hea v ier th a n the o thers so as to give a n a ppea r
,

a n ce o f s o lidi ty.The c o n ven tio n a l ru l e pres cri bes the

Fm . 32
.

s ha di n g o fthe l o wer a n d the right h a n d edges o f a ll

-

s o lid p o rti o n s s u pp ose d to p roj ec t f

, ro m the p a p er . It
fo ll o ws there fo re th a t the o u tl i n es o f h o l es a n d d ep res
, ,

s i o n s a re s h a de d a l o n g the u pper a n d the l ef

t h a n d e dges
- .

The dra u ghts m a n fi n d s i t m o st c o n ven ien t to h a v e the

ligh t fa ll o n hi s work fro m o ver h i s l eft s h ou ld er h en ce
the dra win g a l so i s s upp o se d to b e Viewe d i n the s a me
light Thu s s h a do ws will b e fo rm ed to the r ight a n d
.

bel o w ea c h p roj ec ti n g p a rt .
3 6 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

In Figs
33 . i
a nd i s n o t
35
, n e ces s a ry b
a sec t o n ec a u s e

the s h a di n g o fthe pl a n s h o ws th a t th e o pen i n gs a re n o t

pl ugge d or fi lled The li n es s ep a ra ti n g a dj o i n i n g pie c es
.

a re n o t s h a de d i fthe s urfa c es a re fl u sh o r c o n ti n u o us ,

b ec a use the n n o s h a do ws c a n b e c as t b y them There .

E m 34 . .

fo re , i f the i n n er s qu a re Fi g 3 3 o r the i nn er c irc les

, .
, ,

Fi g .
3 5, were n o t s ha ded we s ho u ld c o n c l u de th a t the
,

h o l eswere fi lled .

The thic k n es s o f the s h a de li nes sh o u ld b e a b o ut

-

d o u ble th a t o fthe ligh t li n es *

I n s h a di n g c i rc l es fi rs t .
,

-
d ra w th e e n tire c irc l e wi th the p en co m p a ss o bta i n i n g a ,

Th e t hi c kn e ss a d ded for the p p ur o se o f s h a di n gi s u s ua l ly pl

a ced to the
ri gh t and be low th e h
u n s a de d l ne i .
 SH AD I NG .
37
i gl e th i c k n ess a ll a ro un d ; then w i tho ut c h a n gi n g the
s n ,

ra di us s hi f
, t th e p i n p o i n t do w n a n d to the r ight o f the
-

rea l ce n te r by a di s ta n c e e qu a l to th e thi c k n es s o f th e

li n e a n d dra w o v er th e ha lf o f the c i rc le to b e sh a ded

,
.

T he thi c k es t p a rt will then b e to the s o u th ea s t ( or n o rth

west i n the c a se o f h o l es ) o f the ce n ter whil e the s ha di n g
,

will term i n a te a t the n orth eas t a n d s o uthwest p o i n ts .

Fm . 35
. FI G . 36 .

It is c us to m a ry igh h d edge o f the

to sh a de th e r -
t an
c yli n der a l th o u gh the co rrec tn ess o f th i s c a n b e di sp ute d ;
,

s i m il a rl y the sh a di n g o f th e en ti r e li n e r ep res e n ti n g the

b ase o f the c yli n der i n the el ev a ti o n c a n b e c ritic is e d

, , .

As wi th a ll c o n ven tio n a l m eth o ds the dra ughts m a n ,

s h o u ld b e a l l o w e d s o m e li ce n s e es p ec i a ll y i f a s i n thi s
, ,

c a se ,he i m pro v es a dra wi n g whi c h i f c o n str uc te d i n

,

a cc o r da n c e wi th the s tri c t ru l es o f sh a des a n d sh a d o ws ,

wo ul d a ppear stra n ge .

The fi llet c urv es or qu a dra n ts i n Fi g 3 6 s h o u ld b e

- .

c o n s idere d p o rti o n s o f c i rc l es b o u n di n g h o l es the l e ft

3 8 MEC H A NI C AL D RA WI NG .

ha n d o ne will therefo re rem a i n ligh t whil e the o ne o n

, , ,

the o ther s ide i s p a rti a lly s h a ded D o n o t forget to dra w

.

th es e c u rv es befor e d ra wi n g th e stra igh t li n es ta n gen t to

them

Eye- b ar shown i n F i g 37 . . Full si z e. (Exerci se 15 may

go on th e sa me pl ate ) .

SP E CIA L I NSTRU CTI O NS The sha din g o fthe surfa c es

is someti mes res o rted to for the p urp os e o f em ph as i z in g

FIG . 87
.

FIG . 38 .

c erta ni fea tures Thi s s ha di n g sh ou ld nev er b e do ne

.

free h a n d
- . The li n es a re dra wn p a ra ll el to ea c h o ther ,

a n d to the e l em e n ts o f th e s urf ace they i n c reas e i n thic k

n ess a n d p ro x i m i ty to wa r ds a p o i n t co rres p o n di n g to the

s o u th ea s t p o rti o n wi th res pe c t to the cen ter o r a x i s The .

c urva ture o f the fi llets i s a l s o s i m il a rly rep resen te d At .

the l eft en d a p a rti a l s ec ti o n i s ta ken a n d the s em i

,

c y li n dri c a l h o ll o w i s s h o w n s h a ded th e da rkest p orti o n

,

bei n g a t the l eft h an d edge

-
.
 SHA D ING .
39
The i rregu l a r li n e represen ti n g the frac ture i s dra wn
free h a n d with a w ri ti n g p e n a n d i n di ca tes th a t the
-
, ,

s e c ti o n i s o n l y p a rti a l s i n c e i t i s u n n ec ess a ry to e x te n d
,

th e sec ti o n i n g a c ros s the en ti re b a r .

EXERCISE 15 .

Fi gs . 39 and 40 ill ustra te two forms of ri vets, showi ng a

secti on of the pl a tes ri veted . Dr aw these figures wi th the

shadi ng as shown . The per spect i ve sketches, Fi gs 4 1 and .

42, will help the student to understand the mechani cal

FI G . 39 .
FIG . 40
.

SP E CI A L I NSTR U CTI O NS Sim il a r ef

fec ts m a y b e pro
d uc ed i n i
v a r o us wa ys th us th e pl a n of Fi g 39 ma y b e
.

sha ded by m ea n s o f stra igh t li n es i n a m a n n er s i m il a r to

,

the s h a di n g o f the h ea d i n the e l ev a ti o n The lightest .

po rti o n s h ou ld a lwa ys b e th a t turn ed to wards the i m a gi

n a ry s o u rc e o f ligh t a b o v e a n d b ehi n d th e l e f
, t s h o u lder
’
-
o f th e o b s er v er ; z e i n fro n t o f th e u pp er l eft h a n d
. .
, ,

c o rn e r o f the s heet .
40 MECH ANI C A L D RA WI NG .

In ha din g the el eva ti o n o f a c o n e Fi g 40 the sl a n t

s , .
,

i n g li nes a re bes t dra wn n ot c o n v ergen t to the a pex s o as ,

to a v o id a bl o tc h n ea r th a t p o i n t .

The secti o n i s ta ken thro u gh th e cen tra l a x i s o f the

h ol e a n d the u n c ut ri v et i s suppo sed to b e pl a c e d in to
,

p ositi o n This i s the a l m ost un iv ersa l prac tice i n repre

.

Fxo . 41 . FIG . 42 .

i g c yli n dric a l pi eces fi tti n g i n to corres pon din g

se n t n

c a v iti es the c yli n dri c a l pi ece i ts el fi s supp o sed to rem a i n

-
un cu t b y the s ec ti o n pl a n e .

Ma ke the dra wi n gs twice the s i z e o f Figs 3 9 a n d 40 . .

EXERCISE 18 .

a . Two vi ews of the j ournal, Fig 43 shaded ; full si z e

.
, .

b Two. vi ews of the handl e, Fi g 44 shaded ; full si z e

.
, .

S P E CI A L I NSTR U CT I O NS The sha di n g th a t the s tu den t

i s as lced to d o i n this e x erc ise w o uld ra rely b e a pplie d i n
pra c tice Pa ten t o fii c e dra wi n gs a n d dra win gs fo r b oo ks
.
-
, ,

tra d e c a ta l o gu es a n d a dv ertis e m en ts h o wev er req u i re a

-
, , ,

c e rta i n s kill i n m ec h a n i c a l s h a di n g th a t s h o uld b e

a cq u ire d by e v ery d ra u gh ts m a n .

I n the j o urn a l F i g 4 3 the c urved s ha di n g li n es i n

,
.
,
-

th e fi lle ts ru n i n to the s tra igh t li n es o n the c yli n dri c a l

p a rts fro m a c i rc u l a r qu a dra n t a t the e d ges these c urv es ,

s h o uld c h a n ge i n to p a rts o f e llip s e s gr a d u a lly i n c rea s i n g

,
4 2 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

l gues
c a ta o They a re us e d like a n o rdi n a ry s tra ight
.

e dge to gu ide the ru li n g p e n i n dra wi n g a c u rve th a t c a n

-

n o t b e tra c e d wi th th e c o m p a s s .

Atte n ti o n i s c a lled to the free h a n d c u rve repres e n ti n g

-

the br o ken en d s o f the s h a ft F i g 4 3 , . .

Fm 45 .

17 .

a . Two vi ews of the Fi g 46 shaded

key, .
, .

b .
p i n F
, i g 4 7 .
,

c . b racket F i g 48 Scale
, . Shade .
, .

d cyli nder hea d F

- ig 49 shaded Sca le 6 1
.
, .
, .
, 1 .

SP E CI A L I NST R U CT I O NS : The fo ll o wi n g co n v e n ti o n a l
r ul es a re u s u a ll y o b s erv e d

Pa ra ll e l equ i di s ta n t li n es o f the s a m e thic kn es s i n di

-

c a te a fl a t s u rf ace f a c i n g the o b s e rv e r
, Stra ight ( Figs . .

4 6 a n d 4 )
8 o r c i r c u l a r F
( g 49 )
i . li n e s m a y b e u s e d d e p e n d ,

i n g o n the o utl i n e .

A s urfa c e i n the light a ppea rs da rker the fu rth er i t i s

re m o v e d f ro m the e ye . This i s a l s o ill us tra te d i n Fi gs .

4 6 4
, 8 a n d 49 wh ere
, th e s h a di n g li n e s a re dr a w n f u r th er

a p a rt o r fi n er o n th e n e a rer s urf a c es .
 SH AD I NG .
43
A s urfa ce in c li n ed to the light b ut still rec eiv i n g ,

l ight ,
is dr a wn da rker as the i n c li n a ti o n o f the ra ys

Fro . 46
.

FIG . 47
.

d ecrea s es ; the high light is pl a c ed where these ra ys a re

perpen dic ul a r to the surfa c e .
( S e e s h a di n g o f c yli n ders

a n d s ph ere F ig , .

F1G . 48 .

’
A s urfa ce i n the s h a de ,
z . e .
, turn e d a wa y fro m the
ligh t i s s h a ded ligh ter a s i t rec edes fr o m the eye ( See
, .

s h a di n g o f c yl i n d e rs a n d s ph ere i n Fi g 47 a n d o thers )
‘

. .
44 MEC H A NI C A L D RA WI NG .

A h a d o w i s ra rely s h o wn i n a m ec h a n i ca l dra wi n g
s ,

as i t te n ds to o bs c u re th e deta il s o f the wo rk I f u s ed a t .

a ll i t s h o u ld b e th e d a rkes t p a rt o fthe dr a wi n g
, .

A ddi ti o n a l s tre a ks o f ligh t a re s o m e ti m es i n tro duc e d

i n the s h a de d p a rts to represen t refl ec ti o n s fro m the s ur
,

fa c e i f i t i s p o li s h e d
, These a dditio n a l high lights a re
.

v e ry e ffec ti v e es p ec i a lly i n the s h a di n g o f p o li s he d disk s

, ,

as i n F i g 49 . .

’
Atten ti o n i s c a ll e d to the di m e ns i o n 2 4 m arked i n
-

Fig 49 a s the m ec h an i c uses the two feet ru l e a ll

.
-
,

FIG . 49 .

di m en s i o n s a bo v e 24 s ho u ld b e m arked i n feet a nd

i n c hes .

The s h a din ggl o b ul a r p a rt Fi g 47 i s o bta i n ed

o fthe , .
,

by m ea n s o f c o n cen tr ic c i rc l es a ro u n d the hi gh ligh t p o i n t

-

as c e n ter Th is p o i n t m a y b e fo u n d by m ea n s o f a rigid
.

geo m etri c a l c o n stru c ti o n ; i t will h o we ver s u ffi c e to , ,

pl a c e i t a ppro x i m a tely as fo ll o ws : I n the c irc l e repre

s e n ti n g the fr o n t v i e w o f th e s ph ere dr a w a di a m eter
-
,
°
m a ki n g a n a n gl e o f 45 with the v erti c a l c e n ter li n e the
-

high l ight p o i n t o r p o in t a t wh ic h the light strikes the

-
,
 SH A D ING .
45
s u rfa ce o f the glo b e at r igh t a n gles W ill b e fo u n d o n th a t
,

li ne , at a dis ta n c e o f a l i ttle m o re th a n o f the di a m eter

( m o re e x a c tl y fro m the u pper l eft h a n d en d o f the

,
-

dia m eter d ra wn .

A s tuill ustra ti o n s i n ca ta l o gu es a n d m ec h a n ica l

dy of

j o urn a l s to gether with cl ose o bs erv a ti o ns o n the effec ts o f

,

light a n d sh a de i n rea lity will tea c h the s tu den t a great

,

dea l m ore tha n l ec tu res o n the s ubj ec t Co n s idera ble .

pra c tic e will o f c ou rse b e n eeded to a tta i n s pec i a l d ex

teri ty .The stu de n t i s a dv i s e d to pra c tic e s h a di n g o n
the e x erc i s es p rec e di n g Nu m ber 1 3 Fig 3 1 i s thus
‘

s h ow n s ha de d i n p ar t .
46 M ECH A NI C A L D RA WI NG .

Letteri n g and fi guri n g a re by no m ea n s un im porta nt

pa rts of a dra wi n g ; m a n y a c arefu l work i s s p o il ed by

c a re less n ess i n thi s res p ec t A littl e p ra c tice a n d a few

.

preca utio ns will e n a bl e the studen t to bec o m e fa irly p ro

fi c i en t i n free h a n d l e tteri n g
-
Certa in sty l es o f ruled
.

letters a re use d fo r the m a i n titl es while free h a n d pri nt

-
,

ing a nd figuri ng i s a dop ted for m i nor i nscri pti ons .

EXERCISE 18 .

Rul ed l etters ill ustrated i n li nes 1 5 i nclusi ve, -

Fig 50 .

Complete the vari ous al phab ets i ndi cated .

S P E CIA L I NSTR UCTI O NS I n every c a se dra w two or ,

three p a r a ll el li n es i n pe n c il fo r the pro per li n i n g up o f

,

the l etters the l etters the m s el v es a re a l s o d ra wn i n pe nc il

be fore bein g in ked i n ; the pen c il guide lin es s ho uld o f
-
,

c o urse b e era s e d a f
, ter the l etters a re i n ke d i n .

The fi rst two li n es s h o w a n a lph a bet tha t m a y b e co n

stru c te d a l m o st exc l u s i ve ly wi th T s qu a re a nd tr i a n gles
-
,

us i n g p erp en di c u l a rs .The ra ti o o f the h e ight to the

'

width m a y b e va rie d a n d d i fl e ren t e ffects will b e p ro

,

d u c ed . I n a like m a n n er s l a n ti n g o f the l etters e i ther

, ,

fo rwa r d o r b a c kwa rd m a y b e p referre d i n s o m e c a s es

, .

The o bj ec ti o n to this s tyl e i s the iden ti ty o f A a n d R D ,

and O, U and V .
 LETT ERI NG .
47
Byin tro duc i n g sh ort o bli q ue li n es to c ut 03 the ,

corners th e ty pe sho w n i n the f

, o ur th li ne may b e o bta i ned

—
‘ HEEl ELJ KN HSX YZ ‘

z a b ce knpr t um I2 3 l+ 5 b fl

EH 5 7
DSR'
”
j ig I23 4 5 6 7 8 9
’

‘
AB UKOabchn

’
f ab c a i i £5 7
‘

tr su
fj y
1 254 5 6 7 8 9 0
“

FIG . 50 .

this may b e st ill furth er m o d i fi ed by substituti n g q ua d

li n es Si m il a r a lph a b ets bro a d
°
ra n ts o f c rc esi l fo r the 4 5 .
,

or high ,
i
v ert c a l or o bl ique , a re ea s il y de v e l o p e d .
48 M ECH ANI C AL D RA WI NG .

By bsti tutin g d o u bl e li n es fo r the s in gle lin es s h own

su

i n the prev i o u s a lph a bets the l e tters m a y b e m a de to

,

a pp e a r i n re lie f a s if th ey w ere c a rv e d o u t
, Sha di n g the .

o utli n e a s i n a n ordi n a ry m e c h a n i ca l dra wi n g ( s ee Exer

c is e 1 3 ) will e n h a n c e the e f fec t D i fi eren t exa m pl es a re

.

given i n li n e fi v e o fthe fi gure .

Li n e th ree ill us tra tes the i n tro du cti o n o f sh o r t b a rs a t

the e n ds o f l o n g li n es B y s h a di n g o n l y the h o ri z o n ta l
.

li n es go o d e ffec ts m a y b e p ro duc e d The u s e o fc o mpli

, .

c a te d s h a de d l ette rs i s qu esti o n a bl e
, Th ey requ ire c o n
.

s i dera b l e ti m e and l a bo r a n d very o ften p ro v e to o

,

orn a m e n ta l f or a n o r di n a ry m e c h a n i c a l d ra wi n g The .

s ty l es des c rib e d a b o v e c a n b e m a de s u f fi c i en tl y i m press i v e

a n d a pp ro p r i a te f o r a n y m e c h a n i c a l dra wi n g I f the .

stu de n t likes the w o rk he m a y try hi s h a n d a t the o th er

,

types i llustra ted i n the fi gure .

EXERCISE 19 .

Free hand
- l etteri ng illustrated i n li nes 6, 7, 8 an d 9 .

SP E CI A L I NST R U CT I O NS : dra u ghts m a n sh o ul d

The
n ot f o rge t to ru l e h i s gu ide li n es
-
Th e wo rk c a n b e i n ke d
.

a t o n ce a wr i ti n g p en wi th a fi n e p o i n t be i n g u s e d
,
If
.

the l etters a re s h a de d the h a ir li n es m a y b e o m i tte d

,

a l to ge th er s i n c e th e e y e c a n s u pply th e m v ery r ea di l y
,

a n d with go o d e f fec t . The i n c li n ed styl e s ee m s to b e

m o re c o n v en ie n t .Si m ple o rn a m ents m ay b e a dded i f ,

they d o n o t a pp ea r to o l a b or i o us a n d h ea v y .

The Fre n c h r o u n d w ri ti n g i s e x tre m ely us efu l o n ,

a cc o u n t o f th e ra pidi ty wi th whi c h i t c a n b e p ro du c e d a s ,

well as o n a c co un t o f i ts c lea r c ut l e gibl e a ppe a ra n c e

-
,
.

- oo s f
p
S c e i a l s tu b -p e n s a r e u s e d ; s p ec i a l c o py b k o r p ra e

i
t ce a re the es t b m e a n s fo r a tta i n i n g a p ro fi c i e n c y i n th i s

wo rk ( Fi g 5
. .
50 M ECH ANI C A L D RA WI NG.

SCRE S W .

The scre w h -
t rea d c ut o n a bo lt ca uses i t to m ove i n
the directio n o f i ts a x is as i t i s turned a rou n d the a x is
, ,

the p ar t i n to whi c h i t fi ts be in g c a lle d the n ut If on .

,

the c o n tra ry th e b o l t r em a i n s s ta ti o n ary the turn i n g o f

, ,

the n ut will c a use the sa me to m o ve a l o n g the b o l t .

FIG . 52 .

I f we pl a ce a fi n ger o n a n y p o i n t o f the threa d a n d

fo ll o w the r idge a ro u n d w e fi n d th a t a s w e pas s a ro un d
,

the a x is w e a l s o m o v e l en gthwis e a l o n g th e b o l t
, A .

sec ti o n o f the b o l t ( F i g 52 ) thro u gh the a x i s s h o ws the

.
,

thre a d to b e a l m o s t tr i a n gu l a r The s ides o f the tri a n gl e

.

°
be i n g i n c li n e d 6 0 to ea c h o ther The gro o v es betwee n
.

the threa ds a re a l s o tri a n gu la r The a pex o fthe tri a n gl e

.
,

i f fo ll o we d a ro u n d the b o l t will b e seen to c orresp o n d to

,

the ridge o f th e th rea d wh il e the b o tto m o f the gro o v e

,

fo rm s a s i m il a r c ur v e ( h eli x ) a ro u n d the a x is .
 SCREWS .
51

As we ta ke a fron t v i ew of th e sc rew , we b
o serve the
r idge a n d bottom li nes a s cur ves s l opin g up wa rd o n the ,

b ol t dis a ppea ri n g a t the righ t a n d t e a ppear in g a t the

,
-
,

left . I n m ov i n g a lon g the rid ge from the l eft ha n d -

extre mity o f o ne o f thes e v is i b l e p o rti o ns to the right

ha n d e n d the dis pl a c em en t p a ra ll el to the a x is will b e

,

eq u a l to th a t whi c h ta kes pl a ce o n s hif ti n g a l on g the

bac k or hidden p orti on fro m righ t to left .

'

I f therefore we la y o fl di sta n c es o n the ex treme left

,

edge eq ua l to the a x i a l tra v e l f

, o r ea c h c o m pl ete turn we ,

-
s h a l l o bta i n the p os i ti o n s o f the ri dge poi n ts a t the l ef t .

Fro . 58 .

This di sta nc e i s cal led the pitch ofthe screw F i

( g 53 . .
,

A B ) No w dra w perpen di cu l ars a c ross the a xis thro u gh

— .
,

two c o n s ec uti v e r id ge po i n ts A a n d B
-
,
the threa d wi ll
then br i n g the ridge o n the righ t ha lfway betwee n th ese
two li n es to po i nt D
, .

I n stea d o f dr a wi n g the s i n us o ida l c urve fro m ridge

p o in t o n the l eft to the o ne j u st fo un d o n the righ t i t i s ,

u s u a lly su fli c i en t i n pra c ti c e to dra w s tr a ight s l o pi n g l i n es ,

'
the d ifl ere n c e be i n g ha rdly disc er n ibl e The o th er r idge .

lin es a re th e n s i m pl y dra wn thro u gh the le ft h a n d p o i n ts

-
,

a r a ll e l to thi s fi rs t li n e B D T h e b o tt o m o f the th rea d

p ,
.
52 M ECH A NI C AL D RAWI NG .

is presented b y s i m il a r s tra igh t li n es the b o tto m po in ts

re

a re f o u n d b y c o n struc ti n g the s ec ti o n tri a n gl e s l o pi n g the

-
,

tw o s id es fro m th e r idge p o i n ts
-
The u pper p or ti o n o f .

Fi g 53 s h o ws a th rea d dra w n i n this m a nner

. .

The s i m pl est co n ve n ti on a l m eth o d o f represen ti n g

s c re w th rea ds i s s h o w n i n the l ow er p o r ti o n o f F i g 53 . .

Firs t dra w the two p a ra llel lin es a t a dista n ce a pa rt eq ua l

to th e di a m eter o fth e s c rew This giv en di a m eter refers .

to o uts ide ex tre m e m ea s u re m en ts .

Ne xt fi n d fro m ta bles .

the s ta n da rd n u m b er o fthrea ds p er i n c h co rresp o n di n g to

th a t di a m eter ; th e pitc h will eq ua l the f r a c ti o n o f a n i n c h

o b ta i n e d b y di v idi n g o n e i n c h by the n u mb er o f th rea ds

l g the l eft h a n d lin e

a on -
Thro ugh a po i n t C h l .
, , a fwa y
-

between a n y tw o c o n sec uti ve p o i n ts A a n d B dra w a , ,

pen c il li n e a cr oss a n d m a rk i ts i n tersec ti on D wi th the

-
, ,

right h a n d li n e
-
The li n e B D gi ves the pro per s l o pe for
.

the ridge O u AH a s b a se c o n stru c t the tr ia n gl e AEB

.
, ,

s l o pi n g AE a n d B E 3 0
° °
u p a n d 30 do wn res p ec ti v ely , ,

getti n g the p o i n t E *
A pen c il li n e thro u gh E p a ra llel
- .
,

to th e a x i s gi v es the li m iti n g li n e o f the b o tto m o f the

,

th re a d on the l e ft whil e a li n e equ a lly dista n t fi o m the

'

c en ter li ne will gi v e th e s a m e dep th o n the r igh t

-
Ma rk .

p o i n ts s i m il a r to E a s F etc , , .

Set y o u r tr i a n gl e s o th a t o n e edge i s o n the li n e B D ,

-
a n d p l a c e a stra igh t e dge to u c hi n g o n e o f the o the r s ides

o f the tri a n gl e Slidi n g this tri a n gle a l o n g th e s tra ight

e dge w e a re a bl e to dra w a t o n c e i n i n k p a ra ll e l s l o pi n g
, , ,

li n es li m i ted b y the o uter a n d i n n er b o u n di n g li n es o fthe

sc re w th e r idges p as s i n g thr ou gh p o i n ts s i m il a r to A a nd
,

B w h il e the b o tto m li n es c orresp o n d to p o in ts li ke E

, .

the 80°
and 60 tri a n le w t
°
g i h th e T-
s q ua re .
 SC REWS .
53
I n k i n the e xtre m e li n es p a ra ll el to the a x i s a n d eras e
, ,

a ll p e n c il m arks The l o wer p a rt o f Fi g 53 sh o ws the .

'

fi n i s he d a ppea ra n c e o f this threa d There i s a d i fi ere nc e

.

o f o pi n i o n a s to the s h a di n g o f th e th re a d li n e s some
-
,

d ra u ghts me n dra wi n g the l o n g li nes h ea v i er a n d o thers , ,

the s h o rt li n es . The m aj o ri ty i n pra c ti c e s eem to fa v o r

the l a tter m eth o d s h a di n g the b o tto m li n es
,
- .

No tic e th a t the right h a n d e x trem i ties o f the s h o rter

-

l i n es a re pl a ce d e x a c tly o pp os ite the l eft ha n d e n ds o f

-

the l o n ger li n es This bri n gs the s ho rter li n es be l o w the

.

p r o p e r p o s i ti o n h a,l f-
w a y b e tw e e n the l o n g r idge -
li n es .

This in a cc ura c y n eed n o t b e c o n s idered i n pra c ti ce

FIG . 54.

i n dee d , the b o tto m li n es a re u s u a l l y ga u ged by the eye ,

with o ut m ea s u re men t a n d a re , dra wn a s n ea r the m iddl e

a s p o s s ibl e
.

I f the di a m eter o f the dra win g o f th e s c re w warra n ts

i t the li m i ti n g s tra i gh t li n e s a re re pl a c ed b y a s e rra te d
,

o u tli n e a s s h o wn i n the u pp e r p o rti o n o f F

,
i g 53 In . .

s m a l l dra wi n gs o n the o th er h a n d th e s l o pi n g li n es m a y
, ,

-
b e o m i tte d the z i g z a g be i n g s ketc he d i n free h a n d wi th
-
,

a n o r di n a ry wr i ti n g pe n a ga i n s o m e dra w the o u ter a n d

,

i n n er li n es o n l y witho ut the s l o pi n g li n es a c ro ss s ha di n g
,

m a y b e u se d to en h a n c e the e ffec t F
( g i I n v ery
. .

s m a l l sc r ews i t m a y b e s u fi c i e n t to dr a w the o uter li n es

an d the l o n g s l o pi n g li n es th u s dis rega rdi n g the b o tto m

,

o f the th rea d a l to ge th er .
54 M ECH A NI C AL D RA WI NG .

Righ h
-
t a n ed
d threa ds a re eas ily di sti n gu is hed
from -
left ha n ded on es I n the l a tter c as e i f the
.
,

fron t vi ew i s pl aced wi th the a xis verti c a l then the

-
,

-
threa d li n es will s l o pe up to wa r ds the l eft i n stea d o f the
right . F
( gi . T h e o ther p a rt o f this fi gure s h o ws
wh at is cal led a do ubl e thr ea d ; there a re two sepa rate

ma . 55 .

ri dg li
e - n es a n d bottom li n es the en ds ofsuc cess ive vi s ible
,

p orti o ns bein g exactly o pp os ite to ea c h o ther a s A a n d ,

B the pi tc h wil l eq ua l the a xi a l dista n ce between a lter

n a te threa ds .

I f a right ha n ded s crew b e turned aro un d i ts a x is i n

-

the dir ec ti o n o f m o ti o n o f the h a n ds o f a c l o c k i t will ,

m o v e i n to the n u t ; to pro du ce a s i m il ar ef fec t wi th a

-
,
o a m
l eft h a n ded screw the r t ti o n ust b e c ou n ter c l oc k -

wi se i n stea d of cl oc k wise - .

EXERCISE 21 .

Two vi ews of a 2 b olt, round head and hexagonal nut ;

standard si z e . Also -
add si de vi ew of nut, and secti on of nut,

wing i nteri or ; al so vi ews of a sq uar e nut, fitting the 2

"
sho

SP E CI A L Fig 56 s h ows a bo l t s i m il a r
I NSTRU CT I O NS .

to the o n e re qu i red The th rea d i s n o t rep res e n te d a s i t

.

p a s s es thro u gh the n u t n e ither is i t s h o wn i n the p orti on

 SCREWS .
55
o f the s c re w e x te n di n g beyo n d the n ut The m aj ori ty o f
.

d ra u ghts m e n a re o p p ose d to d o tti n g hidden threa ds

h en ce th es e li n es a re u su a lly o m itte d o r a g a i n i n s o m e
, ,

s p ec i a l c a s es th ey a re dr a w i n fu ll a s i f th ey were v is ibl e .

A do tte d threa d w o u ld c erta i n l y ten d to c o n fuse the

d ra wi n g wi th o u t b e i n g o f a n y u se i n e xpl a i n i n g the c o n
s tru c ti o n o f the w or k . Fo r s i m il a r rea s o n s the e n d s tick
i n g o u t beyo n d the n u t n ee d n ot b e s h o wn a s a threa d ,

i
s nce the fa c t th a t a sc re w b o l t i s i n ten ded i s su ffi c i en tly
-

i n di c a ted by the rest of the des ign .

I n th e s e c ti o n a l V iew o f th e n u t the th re a d li n es th a t
,

a pp e a r c o rres p o n d to th e ba ck o f the s c re w a n d th ere, ,

fo re th ey s l o p e i n th e o pp o s ite dire c ti o n a s c o m p a re d wi th
,

the s l o pe o f the li n es i n the s cre w i ts el f The

. c ha m
'

fer i n g o f the n u t i s p ro du c e d b y tu rn i n g o fi the s h a rp

e dge s o f the p r i s m the c h a m fer li n es th u s p ro du c ed

-
, ,

a re u s u a lly a rc s o f a c irc l e The s ide sur fa c es o f the n u t

-
.

a re f o re s h o rte n e d i n th e v i e w a n d h e n ce the c ir c ul a r
-

c ha m f -
er li n es d o n o t a pp e a r as c ir c u l a r a rc s b u t a s p o r
,
56 M EC H ANI C AL D RAWI NG .

ti o n s llipses a s u fli c i en tly a c c ura te repres en ta ti o n i s

of e ,

h o we ver o b ta i n e d by m a ki n g th e m c ir c ul a r
,
A ll thes e .

c ha m f -
er a rc s a re ta n ge n t to the to p li n e a n d a re of
-
,

co urs e e q u a l i n h e igh t th e ir e n d s b e i n g o n th e s a m e
, ,

l e v el . The m e th o d o f c o n s tru c tin g the V i ews o f the

cha m f ere d h ex a go n a l n u t a re i n di ca te d i n th e fi g ure In .

the fro n t el ev a ti o n th ree fa c es a re s h o wn whil e on l y tw o

-
,

a pp e a r i n the s id e v i e w
-
s i n c e the e x tre m e li n es i n th e

l a tter v ie w co rres po n d to fa c es o f the pris m a ti c n u t the ,

cha m f e r li n es o f th ese f
-
a c es a re s ee n a s s tra igh t li n es ,

ex ten di n g to the to p l i ne - j us t a s i n the o ther v iew The

,
.

s i z e o f the wre n c h o p en i n g re qu ire d i s i n di c a te d by th e

-

width a c ro s s the fl a ts sh o wn i n the s ide el ev a ti o n This

,
- .

di s ta n c e i s o f c o urse l es s th a n the dis ta n c e a c ross the

, ,

a n gl es o f th e h e x a gon The ra dii i n di c a te d i n the fi gure

.

a re n o t to b e i n k e d i n The p o i n t A i s the c en ter o f the

.

m iddl e a rc the ra di us be i n g e qu a l to the dep th o f the

nut . The cen te rs B B a re fo u n d by p a s s i n g a n a rc o f a
, ,

c irc l e th r o u gh th e p o i n ts C a n d ta n gen t to the l i n e D E, , .

The ce n ters F F i n the s ide v iew a re determ i n e d i n a

,

s i m il a r m a n n er .

The l e n gth o f b o l ts i s a lwa ys ta ke n a s the di sta n c e

u n der the h e a d to th e p o i n t The di a go n a l s H H a re
.
, ,

u se d i n a co n v e n ti o n a l w a y to den o te th a t th e b o l t i s

s qu a re i n s ec ti o n a t th a t p o rti o n this i s to p rev e n t r o ta

ti o n wh e n th e n u t i s tigh ten e d .

The s qu a re n u t i s a l s o c h a m fere d a n d the c h a m fer ,

l i n es a re a rc s o f c i rc l es H ere a ls o the s ide li n es s h o u ld

.
-
, ,

e x te n d to th e to p on a cc o u n t o f the c h a m f
, er c ut o n the

s ide f I f the n u t were rep res en te d wi th e dge to wa r ds

- a ce .

the o b s e rv er tw o fa c es w o ul d a pp ea r fo re s h o rten e d
,
-
Ou .

a cc o u n t o f th e c o n f u s i o n th a t m igh t a r i se i f on ly tw o

v i e ws o f th e n u t a r e gi v e n i t i s c u s to m a ry to s h o w th ree
,
58 MECH A NI C AL D RA WI NG .

EXERCISE 22 .

Oil-cnp and cover, shown i n perspecti ve, Fig . 58 ; detailed

vi ews ; full siz e . (Som e plate as Ex .

SP ECIA L I NSTRUCTI O NS In dec idi n g as to the vi ews

tha t a re requ ired we n o ti c e tha t a n a x i a l sec tio n i s n ec o
, s

to sh o w the i n teri o r The kn urlin g o fthe ri m o f

.

FI G . 58
.

t he cap may b e s h o wn in an o uts id -

i w or else the
e v e ,

w ord kn u rl e d m a y b e pr in te d on the dra win g The .

pl a n s ho uld sh o w tha t the bo dy o fthe c up i s c yli n drica l ,

a n d s h o u ld a l s o gi v e s o m e i n f o rm a ti o n c o n c ern i n g the

s m a ll tu b e i n s ide .

We therefore a dvi se the fo llowin g v iews Sec tio n a l

fro n t v iew to p v ie w wi th the grea ter p o rti o n o f the c a p
- -

s u pp os e d to b e re m o v e d ; a n d s ide v i e w o f the c a p on ly
-
.

The th rea d i s o f the s a m e c h ara c ter as o n th e b o l t ,

a n d i s re p res en te d i n the s a m e w a y The pitc h depe n ds

.

o n th e di a m eter a n d i s a l s o f o u n d i n the ta bl es o wi n g to ,

th e fa c t th a t s ta n d a r d ta p s a n d dies a re use d to prep are

 Sé REWS .
59
the ho l e and the threa d r es pec tivel y . A ta per i s lly
us ua

giv en to the s c re we d n ippl e ; b u t i t i s d o ubtfu l whether

fi c i en t i m p orta n ce to
this fa c t i s o f s u f wa rra n t i ts be in g
s h o wn i n the dra wi n g .

The c a p s h o u l d n o t b e sc re we d d o wn tightly ; s o me
thre a d s h o u ld a pp e a r o n the b o x b el o w the c a p a n d s o m e ,

o n the p art o f the c o v e r be y o n d the b o x The kn urli n g .

n ee d n o t b e dr a wn wi th gr e a t pr ec i s i o n ; li n es c ro ss i n g

e a c h o th er a s i n di c a ted i n the fi u re will c o nv ey this

g
i n form a ti o n .

The stu de n t i s re m i n de d th a t he m ust c h a n ge the

direc ti o n o f the sec ti o n i n g li n es fo r the di fferen t pieces .

FI G . 59
.

EX ERCISE
-
Sq uare threaded screw, used i n tailst of a lathe ; show

wheel and a porti on of the stock Fi g 59 Scale : 32

hand- . . . .

SP E CI AL I NST R U CT I O NS: A s ec ti o n o f a s qu a re threa d -

s c re w i s s h o w n i n Fig 60 I t will b e n o ti c e d th a t the

. .

h o llo ws a re ta ke n the sa m e i n s i z e as the p roj ec ti o n s o r , ,

i n o ther w o r ds the s ides o f the s q u a res a re e qua l to o n e

,

Sa m e pl a te a s Ex 22
. .
60 D RA WI NG
“
M ECH A NI C AL .

halfthe pitc h for a s in gl hrea d screw the holl o ws o n

-
e t

o n e s ide ( B ) a re therefore ex a c tly o pp os i te the p roj ec

, ,

ti o n s ( A) o n the o th er .

The s l opin g li n es are dra wn stra igh t their rea l c u rva ,

ture be in g disre garde d I fthe sc rew i s sm a ll the b otto m

.
,

li n es n eed n o t b e s h o wn a n d i f ver y sm a ll the threa ds

, ,

FIG . 60 .

a re ma rked on ly on igh t h a l fofthe screw

the r Fi g 6 1 . .

s h o ws the di fferen t wa ys o f dra wi n g the s qua re threa d .

This screw i s used chi c fl y fo r tra n sm ittin g m oti o n I n .

-
the p resen t e x a m pl e i t i s m a de l eft h a n ded so th a t righ t ,

-
h a n ded turn i n g o f the ha n d wheel s ho uld forc e the l o ose
center o utw a rd .

FIG . 61 .

O ther fo rm s of th re a ds im es empl o yed b ut

a re s o m et ,

th e y a re o f li ttle i m p orta n ce ; a n y o n e a bl e to dra w the

tr i a n gul a r thre a d a n d the s q u a re threa d will fi n d n o d i m
c u l ty i n m a ki n g re pres en ta ti o n s o f a n y o th er f o rm s u c h ,

a s the tra p e z o ida l the b u ttre ss a n d the k n uc kl e th rea ds

, ,
.

A tten ti o n i s c a ll ed to th e secti o n a l v i ew o f th e h a n d
wh eel The c utti n g pl a n e i s a lwa ys s u pp ose d to c ut the
.

ri m a n d th e h u b o n ly , n o t the a rms .
 SCREWS .

Reli efvalve for steam cylinder Fi g 62 The val ve plng

- - . . .
-
p p
ro er i s held ag a i nst the sea t b y the tensi on of a coil ed
spri ng ; thi s tensi on may b e in creased or otherwi se a djusted
b y mean s of a hand- screw pressi ng against the other end of
°

elevati on will show everythi ng ; hence the plan i s not req uired .

FIG . 68 .

SP E CI A L I NST RU CT I O NS: The c o il ed spri n g i s n o t

dra w n by m ea n s o f c u rv e d s l o pi n g li n es b ut a s i n th e
, ,

s c re w th re a d s tra igh t li n es a re u se d
-
,
. The s p ri n g re a lly
62 MEC HANI C A L D RA WI NG .

fo rm s a whic h i s h o wev er n o t wou n d on a

th rea d , , ,

c yli n der hen c e a p orti o n o f the ba c k i s V is ible betwee n

the fro n t pa rts o f the threa d The c ro s s s ec ti o n s o f the
- .

c o n v o l u ti o n s o f the co il m us t b e pl a c e d li ke the ridge s i n

‘
the s c rew ; z e th o s e o n o n e s ide o ppo s ite the s p aces o n
. .
,

the o ther s ide The pi tc h will de pe n d o n the dista n c e

.

a ll o we d f or the s p ri n g .

The c urves o f the c o n to ur m a y b e s truc k with the

c o m p as ses as ta n ge n t c i rc ul a r a rc s as the s p ec i a l o u tli n e

is o f n o grea t i m p o rta n c e the cen ters of th ese a rcs n ee d

,

FIG . 64 .

n ot b e m a rked . The h o le c ut i n to the s ide fo r the es c a p e

the s te a m s h o w -
li n e s s et
s i n the p ro fi le v e i w two
of as

b a c k to wa rds the a x i s The re a s o n fo r this i s a pp a ren t

. .

To get the a m o u n t o f thi s rec es s i o n a cc ura tely w o u ld

re qu ire the V i ew gi v en i n Fi g 6 3 a t the l o wer l eft h a n d
-
,
.

c o rn e r .

The pl u g i ts el f i s n o t sec ti o n ed i n a c c o rda n ce

va v l e -
,

wi th a l a w s ta te d p rev i o us ly .

The s tu ds c a ll e d fo r i n the dra wi n g a re n o t repre

se n te d a n d n ee d n o t b e s h o wn
,
s i n c e a m i s ta ke i s n o t
,

po ss ible Fi g 6 4 ill u stra tes a

. . s tu d or s ta n di n g
 SCREWS 63

bol t. This i s a b o l t wi th o ut a hea d threa ded a t bo th

,

e n ds a n d s c re we d i n to on e o f the pi ec es to b e c o n n e c te d
, .

Pro perly s p ea ki n g i n thi s l o wer p o rti o n i n whi c h the

, ,
’

bo l t sta n ds , th e threa d s h o uld b o tto m z e the

, . .
,

threa d s h o u ld n o t exte n d b ey o n d the li m i ts o f th e ta ppe d

h o le The pl a te th a t i s bo u n d do wn a n d held b y the n ut
.

i s dr illed b u t n o t ta ppe d a fa c t s h o wn i n the fi gure by

, ,

the s tra ight li n es o uts ide o f the z i g z a g li nes

-
.
64 M EC HANI C AL D RAWI NG .

EXERCISE 25 .

Represent to scale and i n a conventi onal mann er, a 10 "

wheel gearing wi th a 5 wheel, the di ametral pi tch b eing 7

"
.

”
SP E CI A L I NST R U CT I O NS: The 10 and 5 re f
er to the
di a m eters o f the pitc h c irc l es Th ese a re i m a gi n a ry
.

c i rc l es ta n gen t to e a c h o th er The teeth o r co gs proj ec t

.

bey o n d the pitc h c irc l e b y a di sta n c e c a l led the a dden du m ;

-

the de d e n du m i s the w o rki n g de p th o f the te eth i n s ide ,

o f the pi tc h c irc l e ; the c l ea ra n c e i s the re m a i n i n g dep th

-

to the b a s e o f the c o gs The to ta l depth m ea s ured

.
,

ra di a lly i s th us s ee n to b e e q ua l to the s u m o fthe a d d e n

,

d u m de den d um a n d c l ea ra n c e
, ,
.

'

The term di a m etra l pi tc h den o tes the n u m b er o fteeth

”
for ea c h i n c h o f di a m e ter T hus i n th is c ase the 1 0
.
, ,
”
whee l ha s 7x 1 0 70 teeth whil e the 5 wheel ha s 7x 5
:
,

3 5 t e e th I n
. o r d e r th a t tw o wh ee l s s h o u ld gea r th e y ,

m ust h a v e the s a m e pi tc h b ec a use th en the di s ta n ces

,

fr o m the m iddl e o f o n e too th to the m iddl e o f the n e x t

o n e m e a s u re d a l o n g the pi tc h c i rc l es wi l l b e e q u a l i n the
, ,

two wheel s This di s ta n c e i s c a lle d the c irc u l ar pitc h

.
,

a n d i s ev id en tly the c i r c u m f e ren c e o f the pi tc h c i rc l e

-

div ided b y th e n u m ber o f teeth The c irc um fe ren ce i s

.

e q u a l to 71 ti m e s the di a m eter Whil e the n u m b er o f teeth

*
,

e qu a l s the di a m e tra l pi tc h ti m es the di a m e ter ; th ere f o re

the c i rc u l a r pi tc h i s fo u n d b y di v idi n g 71 b y the di a m etra l

pi tc h s i n c e the di a m eter i s c a n c ell ed b y the di v is i o n
, .

*
71
66 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

Pl a c e the c e n ters A and B, Fi g . 66, ( 10 5 2

p
a a rt , m e as u re d to s ca l e ; th e two
do tted pi tc h i l -c rc es

a re ta n ge n t to ea c h o th er a t the p o i n t C o n th e c e n ter

li n e AB .The c ir c um feren ce o f the pi tc h c irc l e A i s to

-

b e di v ide d i n to 70 p a rts ea c h o f whi c h i s to b e further

,
'

s u bdiv ide d i n to two B y tr i a l s te p o fl the c i rc u m feren c e

.
,

wi th the div iders i n to 1 0 p a rts a t fi rs t a n d then s ubdiv ide ,

o n e o f th e s e p a rts i n to 7 La y O ff a fe w o f the se i n b o th
.

direc ti o n s fro m C The o th er wheel ha s the s a m e c i rc u

.

FIG . 66 .

la r pitc h ; b ut , i h o rter ra di u s a n d th erefore

s nce i t ha s a s

grea ter c urv a ture the dis ta n c e b etwee n the p o i n ts o f the

,

div iders s h o u ld b e a trifl e l ess As o n ly a few teeth n ee d .

b e sh o wn o n e a c h wheel this c o rrec ti o n m a y b e d i s

,

rega r de d .

Fi g 6 7 s h o ws o n a l a rger sc a l e a go o d meth o d o f
.

'

dra win g the p ro fi les o f the c o gs La y o fi CD equ a l to the .

a dde n du m a n d EC e qu a l to the dep th r e m a i n i n g ,

the c i rc l es th ro ugh D a n d E fr o m c e n ter A a re dra wn , ,

i n pen c il gi v i n g re sp ec ti v el y the p o i n t c ir c l e a n d the

,
-
 CO G WH EELS
- . 67
-
r oo t c rc e , li m itin g the teeth La y O fffro m C the dista n ces
i l .

CF F G —
G II etc e q ua l to the c irc ul ar pitc h whi c h i s
.
, ,

o f the c i rc u m fere n ce i n the gi v en c a s e Pl a c e the .

p o i n t K a t a distan c e fro m G equ a l to 74 G H the c ircula r

1
, ,

FI G . 67 .

pitc h Set the b o wp en fo r the ra di us

. CK i m es 1
2 4 t

the pi tc h a n d wi th the ce n ter s u c c es s i v el y a t F G H

, , , , ,

e tc s tr ike 05 the a rcs a s s h ow n

.
, The p o i n ts a n d the .

r o o ts or b o tto m s o f the s p a c es a re th e n i n k e d i n f ro m the

c e n te r A o f th e wh ee l
, , I n dra wi n g the c o gs o n the o th er
.

wheel us e the s a m e ra di us for the p ro fi le

,
* .

Fi g 6 6 sho ws the co m plete dra wi n g Where the

. .

teeth a re n o t rep res e n te d the bl a n k wheel di s ks s h o wi n g

-
, ,

the do tte d a dde n d um o r p o i n t c irc l e giv e the n ec es s a ry

-
,

i n fo rm a ti o n i n a con v en ti o n a l w a y .

The e dge v i ew o f the wheel s s h o w tra n sv ers e li n es

-

th a t m igh t b e s p a ce d a cc u ra tel y i f the c o gs were dra w n

a ll a ro u n d the wh ee l s No thi n g w o u ld b e ga i n e d b y
.

s u c h u n n ec ess a ry a c c u ra c y s i n c e o n l y th e th i c k n e s s o f,

the whee l i s de term i n e d fro m th a t V i ew A ppr o x i m a te .

li n i n g m a y b e do n e a s fo ll o ws : Dra w two tra n sv erse li n es

i n the m iddl e o fthe v i ew a n d a t a dis ta n ce a p a rt e qu a l to
the width o f the too th a t the p o i n t ; p a i rs o f li nes a re the n

The ra d i us c h o se n for th e p r ofi les w ll n o t i gi ve a well-s ha p

e d too t hi n every
c a se ; th e d ra u ght m s an m u s t deci d e b y tr i a l w ht
a ra di us to ta ke .
68 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

d ra w n o n ea ch s i de of the m iddl e
p a i r to c o rresp o n d to
the teeth n e x t o n ea c h s ide the di s ta n c es s h o wi n g the
,

pi tc h As we p ro ce ed fu rther a wa y fro m the m iddle

.
,

b o th the dis ta n c es betwee n the p o i n t lin es a n d the spa ces

-

between teeth dec rea se c o n sta n tl y the l a tter be i n g ho w , ,

e v er a lw a y s grea ter th a n th e o thers n e x t to th e m :

, At
the e x tre m es fu rth es t a wa y fr o m the m iddle the y a re
, ,

s h o w n qu i te c l o s e b u t s till di s ti n c t
,
The l i n es th a t c o r
.

res p o n d to the b a s e o f the tee th a re n ot s h o w n a s th e y ,

w o u ld ten d to c on fuse the dra wi n g with o ut a ddi n g a n y

'

n ew i n f o r m a ti o n A go o d e fi ec t i s p ro du ce d b y d ra wi n g
.

the ri ght h a n d e dges h e a v i er a s s h o wn i n F

-
, ig 6 6 . .

Fi g 6 8 giv es a n o ther c o n v en ti o n a l w a y o f rept e

.

s en ti n g gea rs This i s rea dily un derstoo d wi th o ut a ny

.

further ex pl ana ti on .

Fi g . 68 .

EX ERCISE 26 .

Rack an d Pini on Di ametral pi tch

. 6 ; 15 teeth on th e

pi ni on ; full si z e. (Same plate as Ex .

SP E CI A L I NST R U CT I O NS The r ac k is s i m ply a p o r

ti o n of a wheel wh o s e d i a m eter i s i n fi n i tel y grea t

cog - .

The pitc h c irc le o f th e pi n i o n i s ta n gen t to the s tr a ight

-
 —
CO G WH EELS . 69

p i tc h
-
li n e o f tht r a c k T h e. di s ta n c e m e a s u r e d o n t he

pi tc h li n e o fthe ra c k fro m c en ter to c en ter o fc o n s ec utive

-

s p a c es ( o r c o gs ) m u s t b e the s a m e a s the c irc ul a r pi tc h o n

the pi n i o n . This l a tter i s eq ua l to di v ided b y 6 ,

the di a m e tr a l pi tc h o r , h en c e this dis ta n c e m us t

’

b e l a id o fi on the pi tc h li n e o f the ra c k
-
.

The pi tc h di a m e ter o f the pi n i o n m ust b e

-

the a dde n du m th e o u ts ide di a m eter

the wh o l e de p th o f t e too th
h 1 5
A
7
; 3 59 5
The o ther di m e n s i o n s a re ta ken fro m s toc k s i z es o f gea r
-

w hee ls . F
( gi .

Fi g . 69 .

The c rc u m f
i e ren c e o fthe pi i l is 2 5 x tc h c rc e
-
.

The r a c k i s l o n g s o th a t the pi n i o n m a y m a ke
,

o n e c o m p le te re v o l u ti o n i n s hi fti n g the ra c k ea c h wa y .

Str ike o fl the pro files wi th c i rc u l a r a rc s as be fo re "

The tw o v iews re qu ire d a re : the fro n t v i ew s h o wi n g th
-
,

gea rs m es hi n g a n d a s ec ti o n a l s ide v iew ( or to p v iew )

,
- -
,

g i v i n g th e fo r m o f t h e b o d y o f th e pi n i on Si n ce t h e .

n u m ber o f tee th i s o d d the s e c ti o n m u s t p a s s th r o u gh

,

o n e to o th ; this f a c t i s h o wev er n o t u s u a ll y r e p re s en te d
, , ,

a n d th e s ec ti o n i s s h o w n a s if the c u tti n g pl a ne p a s se d

thro u gh th e m iddl e o f a s p a c e .
70 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

EXERCISE
Worm an d worm-whee l . Si ngle thread, r i ght -
han ded ;
lead = 8 14 . di ameter ofthe worm 2 numb e ofteeth 55
r = .

Full Si z e .

SP ECI A L I NSTR 1101 10s Eac h revo l utio n o fthe sc rew

o r w o rm m o v es the pi n i o n o r wh e el f o r wa r d o n e c o g i f ,

th ere i s o n ly o n e th re a d th is a d v a n c e i s c a ll e d the l e a d .

I t fo ll ow s there fore th a t the pi tc h o fthe pi n i o n m u s t b e

, ,

equ a l to the l ea d o f the w o rm a n d the di a m e tra l pi tc h ,

”
will e qu a l 3 1 4 10 Si n c e there a re 55 c o gs o n
.

the wheel gr ea t re d u c ti on o fs p ee d i s o b ta i n e d
, .

”
T e di a m eter o fthe pi tc h c i rc l e o fthe pi n i o n
h - = /1 0
55

a dden du m pi tc h dia m eter o f the wo rm -

” ”
2 2 . there fo re the di s ta n c e betwee n the
a x i s o f the wo r m a n d the a x is o f the wh ee l m u s t b e
” N
I 8 5S
b ec a u s e the tw o pi tc h c irc l es m ust
-
2 2

b e ta n gen t to ea c h oth er i n the m iddl e i

s ec t o n . The
dia m eter whee l a t the throa t i s
of the 2 .

a n d the wh o l e de p th o fthe c o gs 2 1 57 .

The fa ce o f th e wh ee l i s m a de Ao fthe di a m e ter

3

o f the w o r m o r 1 56 i n th is c a s e
, The o ther p ro po r .

ti o n s m a y b e ta ken fro m F i g 70 . .

Fi g 7 1 i s a perspec ti ve s ketc h o f a worm gea r

.
- .

Si n c e the ex teri o r v i ew o fthe c o gs o f the pi n i o n an d

o f the c o n v o l u ti o n s o f the w o r m i s o f li ttl e i m p o rta n c e ,

i t will b e fo un d m o re co n v en i en t to dra w tw o s ec tio n a l

v i e ws o ne p a ss i n g th ro u gh the a x i s o f the w hee l a n d

perpen di c ul a r to the w o rm a x is the o ther thro u gh the a x is

-
,

o fthe w o rm a n d pe rpe n di c u l a r to th e whee l a x is

-
The l a t .

ter v i e w rese m b les the profil e o f the rac k a n d pi n i on The .

Sa m e pl a te a s Exerc i se 26 .
 c o o WH EELS
- .

7 1

i
s ec t o n o f the w o rm t rea
-h d i s usu a lly bo un ded by stra igh t
li n es so th a t the wo rm i s re a ll y a s c rew with a tria n gul a r or
,

ra th er tra pe z o id a l th re a d i n whi c h th e s ide s s l o pe

,

The o th e r s e c ti on a l V i ew i s d ra wn as i f i t p a ssed th ro u gh
Sp a c es a n d c u t n e i th er th re a d n o r c o g ; i t s h o ws th e h o l

l o we d e dge o f the teeth the width o f the

,
fa c e a nd

the p a rti c ul a r fo r m o f the b o dy a n d h ub o fth e pi n i o n .

A li ttl e refl ec ti on will co n v i n c e the stu de n t tha t the

Fi g . 70 .

or di n a ry s p whee l w o ul d h a v e to b e m o di fi ed i n order
ur -

to gea r wi th a w o rm ; thu s the s p a c es a n d te eth c a n n o

l o n ger ru n perpe n di c u l a rly a c ro ss the edge o f the wheel ,

b u t m u s t b e c u rv e d a n d s la n te d a t a n a n gle s o a s to hug
,

the h elic a l tur n s o f the wo rm .

I n Fi g 70 o n ly a p o rti o n o f the gea ri n g dev i c e i s

.

s h o w n i n s e c ti o n the re s t i n o u ts id e v i ew i s dra w n i n a
, ,

ma n n er s i m il a r to th a t e m p l o ye d i n re p rese n ti n g s c re ws
72 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

a n d or di na ry co g wheel s The f s h o rten e d s ides ( AB )

-
. o re -

o f the s l o pi n g a n d h o ll o w e d teeth o f the pi n i o n a ppea r

a bo u t o f the l e a d i n width * Ca re s h o u ld b e ta ke n to .

Fro . 71 .

pa ss the m edi a n p ro fi le ( CD ) thro u gh th e m iddl e p o i n ts

o f thi s width .

Th e e n tire c i rc u l a r v ie w n ee d n o t b e s ho wn .

The w h
e el e m bra ce s a b ou t 90 o r o n e -
°
i f
q u a rte r o f th e c rc um e r e n ce o f the
wo rm , and , h e n ce , h
th e te e t a re ih h
i n c o n ta c t w t a q ua rte r tur n o f the t re a d .
74 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

di a m eters be i n g m a rke d the n u m ber a n d prop o rti o ns o f

,

the teeth a re rea dily determ i n e d .

Th e h o l es i n the gea rs a s well as the s pec i a l s i z e o fthe

,

hub a n d the fo rm o f the b o dy ( whether pl a i n webbed or ,

arm ed ) m a y b e i n di c a te d i n the fi ure

, g .

Figure 74 i s s o m ewha t m o re e x pli c it th a n the pre v i o us

ill us tr a ti o n
. The b a ck c o n es
- ”
AD B a n d AEC a re ,

m ere ly s u ggeste d the li n es ED B D CE be i n g p erp e n

, , ,

d i c ula r to A O O B 0C res p ec ti v el y
, , , A00 a n d AC E .

FIG . 73 .

are th e pitc h c o n es The a dden d a p o rti o n s o f the teeth

-
.

a re o m i tte d a n d th e ge a rs a ppe a r a s i f th e y w e re c u t
,

do wn to the pitc h con es The ra dia l li n es i n the c irc u l a r

-
.

v i e w s i m pl y s u gges t the tee th i n the c r u des t m a n n er a n d

a re s p a c e d a pp r o x i m a tel y No tic e the sh a di n g o f the

.

r ight h a n d a n d l o wer e dge s i n a m a n n e r s i m il a r to th a t

-
,

s h o wn i n F ig 6 6 . .

Fi g 75 i s m o re el a b ora te The sec ti o n a l v iew a ppea ls

. .

m os t s tro n gl y to the pr a c ti c a l m a n s i n c e i t s h o ws a ll ,
 CO G -WH EELS 75
i
c o n s tru c t o n deta il s a n d a l s o the depth o f the tee th
, ,

ab cd . The c o gs the m s e l v es a re su pp o se d to b e u nc ut
b y the s ec ti o n pl a n e .

AB a n d AC a re s till the pitc h d i a m eters ; CEA a n d

-

AD B the ba c k c o n es -
Aa Ad a dd e n du m

A
”
ac db c l ea ra n c e 4 5 7 ) 0 8
7 5 T h e h e a v y
. d a s h
l i n es P G a n d H I rep res en t c o n v e n ti o n a ll y the bro ke n
e dge l i n es o fthe c o gs i n the b a c kgro u n d
-
.

The o th er v i ew gi v e n i n Fi g 75 a ffo rds e x cell e n t .

FIG . 74
.

p r a c i
t c e fo r s dra wi n g n u m ero us s h ort li n es
p a c in g and .

T he o u tli n es o f th e tee th m a y b e c o n s tru c te d a s i n the

‘

s p ur wh eel s A ll th e p o i n t li n es a n d b a se li n es
- - -
.

b ei n g o n c o n es wh o s e c o m m o n a p ex i s a t O a re dr a wn ,

’
r o m O a s a c e n ter
r a di a lly f The fo re sh o rte n e d d ep th
-
.

FK o n the i n n er c on e i s ea sily o bta i n ed by v i ewi n g FK

’ ’

fro m the s ide a s i n di c a te d by the das h e d li n e s s h o w n i n

,

the fi gure .

Two m etho ds of fa s te n i n g the whee l s to s ha f

ts a re
76 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

ill us tra te d : the pi n i o n i s hel d b y a ke y o r we dge ,

wh il e the gea r i s bo un d b y a set s c rew - It shou l d .

a l s o b e n oti c e d th a t the s h a f
ts p ass i n g thro u gh the ho les
i n the ge a rs a re n o t s ec ti o n ed .

NO T E O N GE A RS I N G E N E RA L : Ordi n a ry s p ur wheels -

tra n s for m r o ta ti o n a ro un d o n e a x i s i n to r o ta ti o n a r o u n d
a n o the r a n d p a ra ll e l o n e The a x es o f the b ev el gea rs
.
-

in tersec t a n d a re usu a ll y a t right a n gles to ea c h o ther ;

FIG . 75 .

whil e th e a xes of wo rm a n d i ts pin i o n d o n o t i n ter

the
se c t b u t a re a l s o p e rp e n di c u l a r to e a c h o the r
, .

The dis c u s s i o n o f the re la ti v e v e loc iti es o f the whee ls

a n d the de s ign o f the p r o p er f o r m o f th e c o gs d oe s n o t

c o m e withi n the p ro v i n c e o f th i s b o o k .

Ge a rs like b o l ts a n d s c rews h a v e b ee n s ta n d a r di z ed
, ,

s o th a t a c a re fu l deta il d ra wi n g i s o n l y re qu i re d whe n n ew

des ign s a re i n tro d uc e d T hen the p ro b le m bec o m es a

.

v er y d ifli c u l t o n e a n d p re s u pp o s es
, fo r i ts s o l uti o n a
k n o wledge o f the l a w s o f ki n e m a tic s .
 REA D IN G O F D RA WI NGS .

The dra ugh ts m a n s h o ulddersta n d a

be a ble to un
’
dra wi n g ; he m us t see the o bj ec t i n hi s m in d s eye ; he
m us t tra ce o ut the li nes c o rres po n di n g to ea c h o ther i n
the va ri o us vi ews ; he m u s t a pprec i a te a ll the di m e n s i o ns
as well a s the f o r ms .

The fo ll o wi n g exe rc ises a re giv en as a su bstitu te fo r

rea di n g a n d dec iph er i n g dra wi n gs .

EXERCISE 29 .

Con Fig . 76, showi n g mai n shaft of a -

steam engi ne ;

scal e : 1/8 . Analyz e a n d expla i n the constructi on an d form

of the sha ft .

SP E C I A L I NST R U CT I O NS The -
c ro s s s ec t o n i is re p re

se n te d in a brea k i n the i w s ho wn ;
v e the s h a ft i s i
c rc u l a r

Fm . 76 .

in sec t o n , a n d a rec ta n
i gu l a r gro o v e s l ot or key -way
, ,
’
is cut a s ta n ce o f 3 9
di The s ha ft i s turn ed c yli n dric a l
'

to di ffere n t dia meters a t the difi e re n t p o rti o n s a s i n di c a ted .

78 MECH ANI C AL D RA WI NG .

The key -wa

y a t t h e l e ft en d i s m a r ke d x

the l a tter di m e n s i o n i s e v ide n tl y the dep th o f the l

s ot .

The di a go n a l li n es s h o wn nea r ea c h en d a re u se d co n
v en ti o n a l l y to i n di c a te the p l ac e f o r the bea r i n gs o r s u p

po rts o fa s ha ft The dis ta n c e between the cen ters 01 th ese

.

’
j o u rn a l s (6 o i s m a rked be c a us e i t i s c u sto m a ry to
m e as u re betwee n cen ters ra th er tha n between the en ds o f
s y m m etri c a l p a rts .

’
The l e n gt h 5 1 , i s fi gure d s ep a ra tel y bec a u se i t
s h o ws a p o rti o n o f the s h a f t turn e d to the sa m e di a m ete r .

I t will b e n o ti c ed th a t the di m en s i o n o v e r a ll i s gi v e n ;
thi s i s i m p o rta n t s i n c e i t s u gges ts to the wo rk m a n the
e n ti re l e n gth o f the pi ec e wi th o u t o bligi n g h i m to p er

fo rm the a ri th m e ti c a l c a l c u l a ti o n hi m sel f The dra u gh ts

.

m a n m u st o f c o u rs e b e c a re ful i n m a rki n g thi s

, , o v er

a ll di m ens io n m a ki n g s u re th a t i t ta llies with the

,

deta il e d fi gu res .

Pres s fi t in di c a tes the a c c ura c y re qu i red i n tur n i n g

th a t p o rti o n . Ma c h i n e s tee l ,
”
o f c o u rs e giv e s the ,

m a te ri a l to b e u s e d 1 of
. f m e a n s th a t on ly o n e s u c h
pi ec e i s requ ired fo r a s i n gle m a c hi n e .

EXERCISE 30 .

Figs . 77, 78 , 79 show the

an d cons tructi on of a pi ston ,

i t - d d kin -ri ng of a steam-

engi n e
'
Dra w an
p s on r o an p ac g s .

outsi de elevati on of the pi ston a n d rod together ; al so a sec

ti onal vi ew on the pl ane marked A, p p
er en di cul ar to the

rod an d a l ong the face of on e ri ng, not cutti ng the la tter "

SP E C I A L I NST R U CT I O NS : The
i ws s u gges ted a re
v e

e v ide n tl y p r a c ti ce dr a wi n gs o n l y a n d w o u ld n o t b e u se d
-
,

fo r a w o rki n g dra wi n g I n m a ki n g th e m the s tu de n t

.

m u s t u n d ers ta n d the v i e w s s ho w n .
 REA D ING O F D RA WI NGS .
79
The ro d is ea s ily seen d fr o m the sec tio n
to b e ro u n

pl a c e d betwee n the i m a gi n a ry brea ks The di ffere n t .

len gths a n d di a m eters a re a lso ev iden t The s c rew thre a d

-
.

”
e x tends a dis ta n ce o f 3 4 o n a di a m eter 01 1 % the pitc h
3

bei n g m a rk e d bec a us e i t i s n o t s ta n da r d fo r tha t dia m eter .

F111 . 78 .

The ot her en d o f the i n to the

ro d fi ts h o l e thro ugh
the pi s to n a n d s h o u ld b e tu rn e d to
, press fi t .

”
The pi s to n i s o fc o urs e c y li n dri c a l 1 2 dia m eter a n d
, , ,
80 MEC HANI C AL D RAWI NG .

5A thi c k Th e i s h o ws th a t i t i s c a s t h o ll o w
1 s ec t o n
; .
,

while the o th er v iew i n di ca tes three webs di v idin g the

h o ll o w i n terior i n to three s p a ces
.
The p a rt m a rked
.

pipe pl ug i s s uppo se d to fi ll a h o l e le ft fo r c o re
pri n ts i n c a sti n g the piec e ; tw o o th er m a r ks pl a c e d s i m
i la rly wi th re feren c e to the o the r ho ll o ws a re fo r the s a m e
p urpo s e .

N h l
o o es , di a m e te r a n d 3
74 dee p a re bo re d i n to
,

Fl a m

the e n d o f the pis to n ppo s ite s ides o fthe c en ter a n d

on o

a wa y ; a s s ee n f r o m th e e n d v ie w th e p a rts wh ere
-
,

thes e h o l es a re b o re d a re m a de th i c ker fo r s o m e dis ta n c e

a ro u n d n o s p ec i a l di m e n s i o n s b e i n g gi v e n
,
.

The h o le fo r the ro d i s p r o v id e d wi th a c o u n ters i n k ;

the p a rt o fth e ro d th a t fi ts i n to th a t h o le i s l o n ger
tha n the th i c k n ess o f the pi s to n ; this i s fo rc ed do wn
to fi ll the c o u n ters i n k .
82 MEC HANI CAL D RAWI NG .

EXER CISE 3 1 .

Fi g . 8 0 gi ves outsi de an d secti on al vi ews of a conn ecti ng

rod . Make speci al deta il vi ews of the vari ous parts, markin g
all di mensi ons "

SP E CIA L I NST R U CT I O NS : Figs . gi ve th es e

8 —
1 86

deta ils i n pa ra ll el p ers pec tiv e ; the stu den t sh o u ld n o t

c o p y th es e v i e ws b ut s h o u ld s h o w pl a n a n d e l ev a ti o n s
,

o f a ll the p a rts .

I n o rde r to u n ders ta n d the dr a wi n g let u s c o n s ider

o n e e n d a t a ti m e begi n n i n g wi th the c ro ss hea d e n d -
,

( l e ft) W. e n o t i c e fi r s t th a
, t t h e
, r e a r e s e v e r a l pi ec e s h e ld

to gethe r ; to ta k e the m a p a rt w e m u s t fi rs t ta ke o u t the

s o c a l led
-
c o tter
“
an d g i b F
( g i T h e
. ta p e r

m a rk e d a ppli e s to o n e s id e e a c h o f the c o tter a n d the gib .

Ne x t w e s lip 03 the U sh a pe d s tra p ( Fi g 8 2 ) be i n g

- ”
.

c a re f u l i n o u r dra wi n g to pl a c e th e h o l es f
, , o r the c o tte r

a n d gib a t th e p ro p e r di s ta n ce f r o m th e e n ds The b o x .

F
( g 3)
i 8. c ons i s ts o ftw o b r a s s e s p r o v id e
, d wi t h fl a n e
g ;s

the fro n t v i e w s h o ws tha t th ey d o n o t to uc h the s p a c e ,

bei n g l eft fo r a dj us tm en t .

The ro d pro per ( Fi g 8 4) fi ts a ga i n s t the b o x a n d

.

p resses the s a m e a ga i n s t the c ro s s hea d p i n when the

-
,

w edges a re tighten e d ; c l ea ra n c e s p a c es l e ft betwee n ,

the c o tte r a n d the s tra p a n d a l s o be tw ee n the gi b a n d

,

the ro d a re c l ea rly i n di c a te d i n the el e v a ti o n ; h e n c e the

,

h o le thro u gh the ro d s h o u ld b e c a re fully pl a c e d a t the

r i gh t di s ta n c e f ro m th e e n d o f the ro d .

The right h a n d e n d fi ts o v er the c ra n k p i n

- -
T he .

bra sses o n tha t s ide ( Fi g 8 5) a re kept i n p o s i ti o n b y a

.

Wedge ( Fi g 8 6 ) press i n g with i ts ta per i n g s ide a ga i n s t

.

a n eq u a ll y ta p ere d s u r f a ce i n the b o x e n d o f the r o d

-
,

whi le i ts o ther s ur fa c e i s fo rc e d a ga i n s t the l e ft ha n d s ide -

RE A D I NG WI NGS
O F D RA .
84 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

of the bra s s This wedge c o n ta i n s a ta ppe d h o le i n to

.
,

w hi c h s c rew the b o l ts us e d fo r tigh ten i n g the dev i ce .

-
The l eft h a n d b rass o n this e n d s ho uld b e stu died ,

Fro . 81
.

bec a u se i t i s des ign e d s o a s to s lip -

i nto the b o x s pac e in
the ro d ; he n c e the di m e n s i o ns o f the fl a n ge on on e
s ide

FIG . 82
.

a re s m a ll e no u gh to l w i t to en ter a fter the o ther bras s

al o

an d the c ra n k -
p i n a re i n pl a ce ; the we dge m us t a l s o b e

FIG . 83 .

pl a c e d a ga i n s t the b ra s s be fo re it is i n tro duc e d i n to the

b ox -
space of the ro d . I f the tw o ta p b o l ts a re n o w
-
 RE A D ING O F D RA WI NG S . 85

p a s sed thro u gh the h o les i n the r o d a n d a re s c rewe d i n to

th e w e dge the l a tter i s tighte n e d a n d p res s es the b ra ss e s
,

a ga i n s t th e c ra n k - i
p n .

The ro d i ts el f ( Fi g 8 4) i s rec ta n gul a r i n sec ti o n the

.
,

FIG . 84.

l a rger di m en s i o n i n c rea s i n g fro m a t the l e f t gr a d ,

u a lly to a t the r ight the thi c k n es s re m a i n i n g c o n

,

s ta n t . The en ds o f the ro d m ust c o rres p o n d ex ac tly to

E m 85 . .

the s i z e o f the s tra p , the b r a s s es wedge The

, and th e .

”
V2 s c re w h o l e i n th e s id e i s fo r a s e t-
s c r e w to l o c k
the c o tter i n a n y p os i ti o n by pres s i n g a a in st i t Pl a c es
,
g .

FI G . 86.

wi th pipe ta p m a rked i n te n de d fo r the rec epti on o f

a re

o i l c up s
- A tte n ti o n i s c a lle d to th e fo r m o f the h o l es
.

th ro u gh whi c h the tigh te n i n g b o l ts p a s s i n th e c ra n k en d

-

o f th e ro d ; th e y a re n o t c i rc u l a r b u t a re b o u n de d by tw o
,
86 M EC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

s tra ight li n es a n d two sem i c irc les This is n ecess a ry to

.

a ll o w f o r th e a dj u s tm en t re qu i re d .

The l e n gth o f the r o d tec hn i c a ll y s pea ki n g i s the

, ,

dis ta n c e between the c e n ters o f the c ross h ea d p i n a n d

-

c r a n k p i n re s p ec ti v ely ;
- i n the dra wi n g thi s l e n gth i s
s h o wn by th e di s ta n c e f ro m the ce nter of th e c i rc l e

fo rm ed b y the bra s s es a t o n e e nd to the c e n ter o f the

c i r c l e a t th e o th er e n d .

The o r igi n a l dra wi n g s h o w n ( Fi g BO ) i s c a lle d the

.
A

c on n ec t
” ”
a s s e m bl e d
, gen era l , or ed V i ew whil e ,

the dr a wi n gs o f the p a rts a re des ign a te d;

”
de ta ils .

F a ll o ver m ea n s th a t a ll the s u r faic es a re to b e

m a c hi n e fi n i she d to the s i z e m a rked
-
I fonly s o m e o f the
.

su rf a c e s a re to b e fi n i s he d th e n m a r k
, F or X on

the m .
( T h e X
“
m e n t i one d i s rea lly a c o rr u p ti o n o f
the l etter f.
 MI SCELL ANEO U S . 87

I n th e fo ll o win g c ha pter a ddi ti o n a l i n stru c ti o n s a re

,

g i v e n wi th o u t il l u s tr a ti o n i n a n y gi v en c a s e th e s tu d e n t
will a t thi s s ta ge o fhi s wo rk b e a ble to a pprec i a te the few
hi n ts a n d re gu l a ti o ns s u mm a r i z e d b el o w .

VI E WS : I n c hoos i n g the v iews to b e ta ke n gi v e p ref ,

ere n c e to wh a t m a y b e c a ll e d the n a tu ra l p o s i ti o n s th us ,

a v o idi n g o bliqu e a n d i n v e rte d V i ews a n d qu eer se c ti o ns

,

Dra w on ly a s m a n y v iews a s a re n ec ess a ry to rep resen t a l l

the p a rti c u l a rs o f fo r m a n d s i z e
I n a s y mm e tri c a l d ra wi n g tw o v i ews m a y b e e a s ily
c o m bi n e d i n to o n e : h a l f m a y b e s h o wn i n s ec ti o n a n d

h a l f i n o uts ide v iew The cen ter lin e ( d as h a n d d o t)

.
-

r e m a i n s a s the b o u n da ry l i n e b e twee n th e two p a r ts or ,

e l se a n i rre gul a r li n e s k etc he d f

,
,
ree h a n d m a y b e i n tro
-
,

d uc e d s o m ewha t to one s ide o f the ce n ter l i n e -

Th us the
.
,

pi s to n s h o wn i n Fi g 78 cou l d b e rep res en te d i n th a t

.

m a n n er h a l f o n ly b ei n g i n s ec ti o n
, .

Let y o ur dra wi n gs b e c l e a n c l e a r a n d c on c i se " I f

,

m a n y p a rti c u l a rs a n d di m e n s i o n s a re to b e m a rked i t i s ,

better to m a ke se p a ra te deta il dra wi n gs th a n to a tte m p t to

c r o wd ev ery thi n g i n to a c o m p l i c a te d ge n era l dr a wi n g .

Pa rts o fthe s a m e m a c hi ne tha t a re i n te n ded to b e m a de

i n di f feren t de pa rtm en ts o f a s h o p a re u su a lly deta il e d o n
s ep a ra te s h ee ts . Thu s the c as t iro n wo rk i s s h o w n s epa
,

ra te ly f o r th e p a tte rn m a k e r w h o m a k es hi s o w n a l lo w
-
,
88 M EC H A NI C AL D RA WI NG .

a u ces fo r s hr i n ka ge and the like ; the fo rge design e d

s h e et i s
-

for the bl a c ks m i th a n d o ften the

, n ece s s a ry a ddi ti o n s a re

m a de b y the dra u gh ts m a n fo r fi tti n g a n d fi n i sh i n g . Of

c o u r s e i t i s w o rth w h il e to m a rk v ery di s ti n c tl y a n y s p ec i a l

i n s tru c tio ns to the m ec h a n ic who i s to wo rk fro m the

dra wi n g .

D I MENSI O NS The di men s i o n i n g o f a dra wi n g i s n e x t

i n i m p o rta n c e to the p ro p er re pres e n ta ti o n o f the s h a pe o f
the o bj ec t c o ns ider a bl e a tte n ti o n s h o u ld th e re f o re b e

p a id to th i s bra n c h o f the wo rk .

1. The fi gures s h o u ld b e p l ai n a n d ea s il y rea d a t a

gl a n c e ; they s ho u ld n o t b e to o s m a ll o r hidde n i n o ut
o f the w a y pl a ces .

2. The b est pl a c e fo r th e di m e n s i on s i s o u ts ide o f the

dra wi n g pro per .

3. P l a c e n o di m e n s i on s o n t h e c e n te r -li n es a n
, d n one

e li es o f the d ra wi n g i ts e l f
n
4. M a rk th e c hi e f di m e n s i o n s i n t h e g en e r a l v i e w
re pe a t i m p o rta n t di m e n s i o n s i n the d i fi e ren t v i e ws

5. G ro u p th e di m ens i o n s Th a t i s pl
, a c e t o g e th er

di m ens i o n s perta i n i n g to the s a m e pa rt

6 The di me n s i o n
. o v er a ll s h o u l d b e m a rke d c o n

s p i c u o u s ly

7. di
I f the s ta n c e r e q u i r e d i s n o t p r o p erl y s h o wn to

s c a l e i n the d ra wi n g a n d if i t i s dec ide d th a t i t i s n o t

,

wo rth whil e to c h a n ge the who le des ign y o u m a y m a r k ,

the p r o p er di m e ns i o n a s fo ll o ws Ma ke This
m ea n s th a t the di s ta n ce i s to b e 5 i rres p ec ti ve o f the
s i z e d ra w n .

I f the des ign i s c h a n ge d a n d c erta i n di m e n s i o n s a re

to b e a l tere d i t i s b es t to c ro s s o ver the o l d fi gu re s with
,

o u t b l u rr i n g the m a n d to m a r k u n der n e a th the

5 ‘
.1 51 0 n ew a n d c o rrec te d d i m en s i on s .
9 0 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

by s pe c i a l i
s ec t o n n i g a re ( e m pl o ye d Vi d . Fi g . 8 7, rec

o m m e n d e d to the Am So c o f Mec h. En gi n eers b u t

. .
,

n o t a d o p te d ) v i ews ar e a rr a n ge d c o n tra r y to the ru l es

'
l a id do wn i n th ese p a ges s pec i a l s h o rt c uts a n d c o nv en
-

ti o n s a re u s e d .

The i n tel l ige n t dra u ghts m a n s ho ul d h a v e n o dif fi c u lty

i n a d a p ti n g h i m sel f to wha t i s c o n s idere d the be s t p r a c

ca sr m on n o va m m
'
o: mu ss 001°n

a m o n 3 4 1m m wo on c u ss

r ow a n “ :

FIG . 87 .

i m medi a te su rro un din gs I t i s h a r dl y w o rth

ti c e i n h i s .

wh ile to te m po ri z e c o n c ern i n g thes e m i n or de ta ils i n a s ,

m uc h a s u n a n i m i ty o fp ra c ti ce n o m a tter h o w de s i ra bl e
, ,

will n o t b e p o ssibl e u n til a ll the tec hn i c a l s c h o o l s a n d

a ll the tec h n i c a l s o c ie ti es d e c ide o n s o m e d e fi n i te s ta n d

a r ds .

LET T ER I NG : Le tte re d i n s tru c ti o ns a re o fte n c l ea rer

th a n a n e la b o ra ti o n o f d e ta i l ; e g t h e w o rd s k.n u r l.
,

” ”
i ng ta pp e d a re m o re e x p l i c i t th a n the c o rre c t
“
or

dra w i n g .
 MI SCELLANEO US .
9 1

The n a m e o f the who le m a c hi n e as well a s tha t o fthe

,

s pec i a l p a rt s h o u ld b e m a rke d on e a c h s he et
, The n a m e
.

o r i n i ti a l s o f the dra u gh ts m a n a n d the da te a re li kewis e

i m porta n t The da te o fa n y a ltera ti o n m a de sh ould als o

.

b e rec o rded .

T RACI NG The dra wi n g i s to b e i n ke d on the tra c in g

c l o th o r tra c i n g p a p er a n d th ere f
,o re the s ke tc h o n the
,

o rdi n a ry p a p er n ee d n o t b e fi n i she d i n i n k The s moo th

.

s id e o f the c l o th i s p re f era bl e b ut ta kes the i n k ba dl y

,

un l ess ru bbe d wi th p o wdere d c h a l k .

The se n s i tive p a per c a n to d a y b e b o ugh t so c hea ply

-

’
th a t i t i s n o t w orth the dra u gh ts m a n s whil e to p repa re
i t hi m sel f An ex po sure o ffro m 5 to 1 5 m i n utes su fi c es
.
,

a n d a goo d w as h i n c l ea n w a ter fi x es the dra wi n g .

The bl ue pri n t usu a lly di sto rts the prop ortion s s i n c e the
-
,

p a per c o n tra c ts u n eq u a lly .

A D D I TI O NAL I NST R U MENTS : The i n strumen t ma rket

i s well s upplied wi th a v a r iety o f i n strum en ts so m e o f ,

whic h a re extremel y useful whil e o thers a re chi efly o rn a

,

m en ta l . A re feren ce to the tra de c a ta l o gues will b e

fo un d i n stru c ti v e. A few o f the m o re i m p o rta n t dra win g
tool s are en u m era ted b el o w
The B ea m Compa ss i s a stra ight rod to whic h a re
a tta c he d sep ara te p i n p en c il a n d pe n p o i n ts
, i t i s u se d fo r
dra wi n g c ircl es o fa ra di us too l a rge to b e spa nn ed b y the
o rdi na ry c o m p a ss .Extensi on pieces fas tene d i n the l a tter
i nstrum en t to l en gthen i ts spa n are a very a wkward ,

hea vy a n d i n a cc ura te dev ic e

The pr opor ti on a l di vi ders a re extremely useful to the
c op yi st i n en l a rgi n g o r reduc i n g dra wi ngs the dra ughts
ma n proper however has li ttl e use fo r them
, , .

The pr otr a ctor c a n b e repla ced b y a ta ble o fslopes a n d

ta n ge n ts
9 2 MEC HANI C AL D RA WI NG .

' '

The p r z ck poz n t i s -
lle n t for v ery a cc ura te wo rk
e x ce

the p o i n ts to b e m a r ke d a re p r ic k ed i n to the p a per a n d ,

a s m a ll c i rc l e i s pen c ill ed a ro u n d ea c h to help to identi fy

the p o i n t .

The u se o f s ong p
-
e r u bber s is a dv ised fo r l
c ea n n i g an

in ke d dra wi n g .

The dou ble tr i a ng le , the letra ng le ( -

fo ur s ided ) , a re

m o d i fi c a ti on s o fth e o r di n a ry tri a n gl es , an dh a v e the a d

v a n ta ge of gi v i n g a grea ter v a ri ety o f i n c li n a tio n s a n d

an gles .

’
-
Secti on lz n er s a re m a de i n
i fo rm s to i n sure a n
v ar o us ,

a cc ur a te s p a c i n g o f the li n es u s e d f o r s ec ti o n i n g A go o d .

s u b s ti tu te m a y b e i m p ro v is e d b y dri v i n g n a il s i n to a w oo d

r ul e a t a di s ta nc e a p a rt a li ttl e gre a te r th a n the s ide o fthe

tr ia n gle . B y a l te rn a tel y s lidi n g the rul e o n the T s qu a re

-
,

o r s tra igh t e dge a n d o f the tri a n gl e o n the rul e eq u a l

-
, ,

s p a c i n g i s o bta i ne d .
 I NDEX .

95

El e va ti on s , e nd

-
Ey b a r
e

F-fi n i s h
Fa c e -w h ee l
Fa s te n i n g o fw h eel s . .

Fl a t s u r fa c e s h a d i n g
Fo r e s h o r te n ed l i n es
Fr o n t v i e w .

Fu n c ti o n o f ge a rs
Ge a r s , c o n v e n ti o n a l m ethod
G e n e ra l vi e w

G ib and c o tte r

G r o u p i ng o f o p e ra ti o n s

Ha nd le .

H a n d -wh e e l
H el i x .

H ex a go n
H e x a go n a l
H idd e n Ed ge s
H i gh Li gh t
H o l e s for Ad ju s tm e n t
H o r iz o n ta l li n e s
I nd ia i nk
I n k i n g-i n
I n k -p o t
I s o m e tr i c d ra w i n g

J ou rn a l
K ey
K ey and k e y wa y
K n u rl i ng .

Le a d of Wo r m .

Le ft-h a n d e d s c re w
Le n gth o frod

Le tte re d i n s tr u c ti o n s
Le tte r i n g
Li n e s i n b a c kgr o u n d
D . V AN NO ST RAND CO M P ANY
25 PARK PLACE
NEW Y O RK

SHO RT TIT LE CATALO G -

cat0
05 m em Oils

SCIENT IFIC
BO O KS

T his list i nclu des a ll the b ooks published b y the

M . C CLARK PUBLISHING 00 ,
.

Cities go, III , .

a nd the techn i ca l pub li cati o ns o f the follow i n g En glish pub lishers8

SCO T T. GREEN WO O D CO . J AMES MU NRO CO Ltd .

CO NST AB LE CO MP ANY . Ltd . TECHNICAL PUBLISHING CO .

ELECTRICIAN PRINTING PU BLISHING CO

for whom D Van . Nostn nd Company are American a gents

D es cr ip ti ve Ci r cu la r s sen t on r eq ues t.
 NO V EMB ER ,
1 91 6

-
SHO RT TITLE CATALO G
O F THE

Pu b li c a ti o n s a nd l m p o r ta ti o n s

D . VAN NO STRAND CO MPANY

25 PA RK P LA CE

The b oo ks p u b li shed b y the

MYRO N C CLARK PUBLISHING C0” Chi ca go , III
. .

a re i n cl uded i n thi s ca ta lo g .

P r i ce s m a r k e d w i th a n a s te r i s k a re NET
All b i n d i n gs a re in c lo th u n l e s s o th e r w i s e n o te d

Abbott, A V The Electrica l Tra nsm issi on of En e

. . rgy
‘
8m , 85
A Trea tise on Fuel ( Sc i en ce Series No
. 1 6m o, . . 0

Testi ng Ma chines ( Sc i en ce
. Ser i es No 1 6 m o , . . 0

Ada m P Pra cti ca l B ookbi n di ng Tra n s b y T E Ma w 1 2m o,

, . . . . . .
*
2

Adam s , H Theory an d Pra cti ce in D esi gni ng

. 8 vo,
Adam s , H C Sewa ge of Seacoa s t Town s
. . 8 ve , . .

Ada m s, J W Sewers a n d Dra in s for Populous Distri cts

. . 8 vo, . .

Adl er, A A Theory of Engin e eri n g Dra wi n g

. .

Pri n ci ples of P ar all el Pro j e cti n g-Lin e Dra wi ng 8 vo , .

Ai kma n, C M Ma n ures a n d the Pr in c iples ofMa n urin g

. . 8 vo, . .

Ai tken , W Ma nua l of the Tel ephon e

. 8 vo,
.

d Al e , E E F C ontem porar y Chem i str y

’ b
. . . 1 2mo , .

Alexa n der, J H Elem en ta ry Electr ica l En gi n eerin g

. . 1 2 m o,
 ’
4 D . VAN Nosr RAND CO M PA N Y S 511 0111 4 11 11 : C AT A LOG

Ashe, S . W
Electric Ra ilways . Vol 11 Engi neeri ng Pre . . .

lim na ri es
i a n d Di rect Curre n t Sub -
Sta ti ons 1 2 mo,

Electri city : Experim enta lly and Practi ca lly Appli ed .

1 2m o,

Ashley, R 11 Chemi ca l Ca l o
. ul a ti ons
. 1 2 mo, . .

Atki n s, W Common Ba ttery Telephony Si mpl i fi ed

. 1 2m o, . .

Atki nson, A A Electri ca l a n d Ma gneti c Ca lcula ti ons 8 vo,

. . . .

Atki ns on , J J Fricti on of Air in Mines (Scien ce Ser ies

. . .

No . 1 6 m o,

Atkins on , J J . .
, a nd Willia m s ,
E H . .
, J r. Ga ses Met with in
Coa l Mi n es ( Sc ien ce Series No . . 16 m o,
Atki n son , P The Elements of El ectri c Li ghti ng
. . . 12 mo,
The Elem en ts ofDyna m ic Electr i ci ty a n d Ma gn eti sm . mo,
12

Atkin s on , P Power Tra n sm itted b y Electricity

. . 1 2m o,

Auchin clos s, W S Li n k a n d Va lve Moti on s Si m pli fi ed

. . . 8 vo,
Austi n, E Si ngle Pha se Electri c Ra i lw a y s
.
4to,
Ayrton , H The Electri c Arc
. . . 8 vc ,
Ba con , FW . . Trea tise on Ri cha rds Stea m —Engin e In di ca
the
1 2m o,

Ba iles, G . M Modern. Min ing Pra cti ce Fi ve Volumes 8 vc , ea ch,

.

’
Ba iley, R D The Brewers An a lyst
. . 8 vc ,
Ba ker, A L Q ua tern.i on s . 8 vo,

Thi ck- Lens O pti cs 12 mo,

Ba ker, Ben j Pressure of Ear thwor k
. .
( Sc i en ce Se r i es No .

m o, 16

Baker, G 8 . . Shi p Form Resi sta n ce

,
a n d Screw Prop ul si on,

sy o’
Ba ker, 1 o . Levelli ng .
( Sc i en c e Ser i es ~ No . 16 mo,
Baker, M N Potab le . ater (Sci ence Seri es No 6 1 ) 1 6mo,
. W .

Sewera ge a nd Sewage Puri fi ca tion (Sc ience Ser ies No . .

16 mo,
Ba ker, T . T . Telegra phi c Tra nsm issi on of Photogra phs .

1 2m o,

Bale, G R . . Modern Iron Foun dry Pra cti ce . Two Volumes .

1 2m o .

Vol I . . Foundry Eq uipment Ma teria l Used ,

Vol II. . Ma chine Moulding a nd Mouldin g Ma chin es

 ’
D. VAN NO STRAND C O M PAN Y -
S SH O RT TI TLE C A T A LO G 5

Ba ll, J W . Concrete Structures i n Ra i lwa ys W0 ,

*
2

Ba ll, R S Popula r Guide to the Hea vens 8 110, ‘

. .
4
‘2
Na tura l Sources ofPower (Westm ins ter Series ) 8 110,
‘
.

Ba ll, WV . . La w Afi ecti ng Engi n eers 8m , 3

Ba n kson , Lloyd Slide Va lve D ia gram s
. .
( Sc i en c e Series No .

1 61110,

Bar be , J . Use ofSteel for Con str uctive Purposes 1 2111 0,

Barham, G . B . Development of the Incan d escen t El ectric

La mp 8 110 oo
Ba rker, A F Texti les
. . a nd Thei r Ma n ufacture ( Wes tmi nster
.

Series ) 8 vo, 2 oo
i Fa b
.

Ba rker, A F, . . and Mi dgley , E . Ana l y si s of T ext l e ri cs ,

8 110, 3
B arker, A H . . Gra phi c Meth ods of En gi ne Des i gn .
*
1

-Hea ti n an d Venti la ti on *
g . .
4to, 8
B a rna rd, J H . . The Naval Mi li ti a ma n s Guide 1 6 1110 l ea ther
’
. .
, , 1

Barnard, Ma jor J . G
. Rotary Moti on ( en ce Series No
Sc i . .

1 6 1110,

Ba rrus , G . H . B oiler Tests 8 vo,

Engin e Tests 8 170,
The a b ove two pur cha sed together
Barwi se , S The Puri fi ca ti on ofSewa ge
. 1 2m o,

Ba terden , J R . . Tim b er .
( Wes tm i n s ter Ser i es) 8 ve,
Ba tes , E L . .
, a nd Cha rlesworth F . Pra ctica l Ma them a tics a nd

Geom etry 12 mo,

Part 1 . Preli minary an d Elem entary Course
Part II Advan ced Cours e . .

Pra cti ca l Ma thema ti cs 12 m ,

Pra cti ca l Geom etry a nd Gr a phi cs u mo,

Ba tey , J . The Sci ence of Works Ma na gem ent ra m o,

Stea m Boi lers a nd Com b usti on xz mo,

Bea dle, C Cha pters on Pa perm a king

. . Fi ve Volumes 1 m m ea ch, ,

Beaum ont, R Color in . Woven D esign 8 ve,

Fi n ishi ng ofTexti le Fa brics 8 vo ,
Standa rd Cl oths 8 y o,
B ea umont, WW . . Steam-Engi n e I n di ca tor sy o,
 ’
6 D . VAN NO STRAND C O M PA N Y -
S SH O RT TITLE CATALO G

Bechhold, 11 Colloi ds i n Bi ology. a nd Medi ci ne . Trans b y .

J G . .

8 170. pa per.
Baden, F, . an d Pierce, C . A . Direct a nd Al ten uiting Curren t
8ve , ‘
2 00

D eck, F
Dyei ng ofCotton F a bri cs 8 vo, ‘ oo
. . .
3
Dyeing of oolen F ab rics W 8 vo, ‘
3 50
Boa t . G E Stresses in Railway Gird ers
. . an d Bri dges . .
(I n Pres s ) .

. . 8 vo, ‘2 oo

Bender, C. 8 . Continuous Bridges .

(Science Seri es No26 . .

1 6 1110,
i
Proporti on of P us us ed 111 B ri dges .
( Sci ence Seri es No .

1 6 m o, o 50
Benz ough, G D . . B rass .
( Meta ll urgy Seri es ) ( I n P ress ) .

Bennett, The Ma nufa ctur e ofLea ther SW , ‘

4 so
Ben tham , A . A Text-b ook of Organ i c Chemi stry . Tra ns b y .

’
G H . G owa n. 1 2 m o,

Ben ch, J . l a n uf
a cture of Min era l a nd La ke Pigments . Tra ns .

by A C . . Wright 8 110, ‘
5 oo

Ben i n, L E Ka ri ne B oilers
. Tra n s b y L S Ro
. . . . . berts on . 8 vo, 5 00
’
3 07 6 16 30, I Pa perma lner s Pocket Book
. xz mo, *
4 ao
Bi nnie, 8 11 1 A . Ra i nfall Res er voi rs a nd Wa ter Supply . . 8 vo, *
3 00
Di a ne, C . F Ma nual
. of Pra cti ca l Potti ng *
7 50
’
The Potter s Cra ft ra m o, *
2 00

Bitchmore, W . H . Interpreta ti on of Ga s Ana lysi s xz mo, *1 25

Bh i ne, R G . . The Calcul us a nd I ts Appli ca ti ons xz mo, *

1 50
Blak e, W . H . Brewer s Va de ’ Mecum . . 8 vo, *
4 cc
Blesda le, C W . . ua uti ts ti ve Chemi ca l Ana lys i s .
( Va n
Nostrand s
’
extb ooks ) u mo,
Bli gh, W . G . The Pra cti ca l Des i gn of Irri ga ti on Works 8 vo . .
,

by W C
'

Bloch, L . Sci ence of Ill um i na ti on .

( Tra ns . . .

mot A , . Illumi na ti on a nd Artifi ci a l Li ghti ng 12 m o,

Blueb er, H . Modern In dustri a l Chemi stry . Tra n s . by J . P .

. 8 vo,
Blyth, A . W . Foods : Thei r Compos i ti on a nd Ana lys i s . . svc,
Poi sons : Thei r Effects and Detecti on 8 vo,
 ’
8 VAN NO STRAND CO MPA N Y S S H -
O RT T ITL E CATALO G

Bri ght, C . The Li fe Story of Si r Cha rl es Ti l son Bri ght 8 vo, . .

Bri slee, T .
J . Introd ucti on to the Study of Fuel ( Outli nes .

of Industri a l Chem i stry .

) 8 vo,
Broa dfoot, S K . . Motors Secon da ry Ba tteri es .
( Insta lla ti on
Manual s Sen es ) . u mo,
Broughton, H 11 Electri c Cra nes a nd Hoi sts
. .

Brow n, G Hea l thy . Founda ti ons ( Sci ence Seri es No

. . . 16 mo,
Brown, H . I rri ga ti on 8 vo,
Brown, R . Rubber 8 vo,
Brown, Wm N . . The Art of Ena melli ng on Metal 12 mo,
Handb ook on J a pa nni ng xz mo,

House Decora ti ng a nd Pai nti ng xz mo,

Hi story of Decora ti ve Art . m mo,

Di pp i ng, B urni shi ng, La cqueri ng a nd Bronz i ng Bra ss
Wa re 12 mo,
Workshop Wri nkles 8 vo,
Browne, C L Fi tti ng and Erecti ng of Engi nes
. . svc,
B rowne R E Wa ter Meters ( Sci ence Seri es No
, . . . .

Bruce E M Pure Food Tests

, . . xz mo,
Bruhns, Dr . New Ma nua l of Logari thms 8 vo, cl oth,
Ha lf morocco,
Brunner, R . Ma nufacture of Lub ri ca nts, Shoe Poli shes a nd

Lea ther Dress i ngs . Tran s . by C . Sa l ter . . 8 vo,

Buel, R H . . Sa fety Va lves .

( Sci en ce Seri es No . . 16 mo,
Burl ey, G . W . La thes, Thei r Constr ucti on a nd Op era ti on,
1 21110,

Burnsi de, W Founda ti ons

. Bri dge 12 mo,
B ursta ll, F W Energy Di agram for
. . Ga s . Wi th text . . sy o,

Di agra m sol d sepa ra tely .

Burt, W . A . Key to the Sola r Compass . 1 6 1110, l ea ther,

B uskett, E . W Fi re . Assa yi ng m mo,

B utler, 3 .
J Motor Bodi es and Cha si s . 8 vo,

Byers, H . G, . a nd Kni ght ,

11 . G . Notes on Q ua li ta ti v e

Ana lysi s . . 8 vo,

 ’
D VAN
. NO STRAND C O M PA N Y S 5 110111 4 11 11 : CATALO G 9

Cai n, W . Bri ef Course i n the Calcul us mmo,

El a s ti c Arches ( Sci ence Seri es No . .
16 1110,
Ma xi mum Stresses ( Sci ence Seri es . No . 1 6 1110,

Pra cti ca l Dsi gni ng Reta i ni ng of Wells .

( Sci ence Seri es
No . 1 6 mo,
.

Theory of Steel concrete Arches a nd

- of Va ulted Struc
tures ( Sci ence Seri es, No 42 )
. . . 1 6 1no,

Theory of Voussoi r Arches .

( Sci ence Seri es No .

1 6 1110,

Sym b oli c Al ge ra ( Science Seri es No b 1 6 1110,

. .

Ca rpenter, F D Geogra p hi ca l Surveyi ng

.
( Sci ence Seri es
. .

No . 1 6 1110,

Ca rpenter, R C,. . a nd Di ed eri chs, H . Interna l -

Com usti on b
Engi nes . sy o,
Ca rter, H A Ra mi e ( Rhea ) , Chi na Gr a ss
. . 1 2111 0,

Ca rter, H R Mod ern Fl ax, Hemp , a n d J ute Sp i nni ng

. . . . sy o,
Bl ea chi ng, Dy ei ng a n d Fi ni shi ng of Fa bri cs 8 vo,
Ca ry, E R Sol uti on of Ra i lroa d Pro l ems
. . b Wi th the Use of

the Sli de Rul e . 16 mo,

Ca sl er, M . D . Si mpli fi ed Rei nforced Concrete Ma thema ti cs ,
1 2111 0,

Ca thca rt, W L Machi ne Desi gn

. . . Part I . Fa steni ngs . . 8 vo,
Ca thca rt, W L a nd Chafi ee J
. .
, , 1. El ements of Gra phi c
Sta ti cs 8 vo,
Short Course i n Gra p hi cs xz mo,
Caven , R M , a nd La nder, G D
. . . . Sy stemati c I norga ni c Chem
i stry 1 21 1 0,
1
Cha lkl ey , A P . . Di esel
Cha m bers Mathema ti ca l Ta bles
’
sy o,
Cha m bers G F Astron omy
, . . 16 mo,
Cha p pel, E . Fi ve Fi gure Ma themati ca l Ta l es b 8 vo,
Cha m ock . Mecha ni cal Technol ogy 8 vo,
Cha rpenti er, P . Ti mb er 8vo,
Cha tley, 3 . Pri nci p l es and Desi gns of Aeropla nes .
( Sci ence
Seri es 1 6mo,
.
)
How to Us e Water Power . u mo,

Gyrosta ti c
 ’
10 D . VAN NO STRAND CO MPAN -
Y S s n oa r u r s a c a n not;

*2
8 vo, 00

Chri stia n, I . Di s i nfecti on a nd Di si nfecta nts . Tra ns . by

Chas . Salter 1 21110, 2 00

Chri sti e, W W . . r -
Boi e we ters, Sca l e, Corrosi on,
l Foa mi ng ,

8 vo,
Chimney Desi gn a nd Theory . 8 vo,
Furnace Draft ( Sci ence Seri es, .
No . 1 23 ) 16 mo,
Water , Its Puri ficati on a nd Use i n the Industri es 8 vo, . .

’ Rewri tten b y Edw a rd Ki nch 8 vo,

Church s La b ora tory Gui de .

Cla ppetton, G . Practi ca l Paperma ki n g 8 110,

Clark, A 6 . . Motor Ca r Engi neeri ng .

*
Vol 1 . . Con structi on 3 oo

Vol 11 . . Desi gn ” ( I n P r es s ) .

Cla rk, C H . . Mari ne Ga s Engi n es rz mo, *

1 50
Cl ark, J M . . New Sy stem of La yi ng Out Ra i l wa y Turnouts ,
za mo, 1 oo

Clarke, J W , and Scott, W Pl umb i ng Pra cti ce . . .

Vol 1 .Lea d Worki ng a nd Pl umb ers Ma teri al s 8 vo,

.
’ *
4 00 . .

Vol II Sa ni ta ry Plumb i ng a nd Fi tti ngs

. .
( I n P r ess ) .
.

Vol III Pra cti ca l Lea d Worki ng on Roofs

. .
( In P r es s ) .
.

Cla rkson, R B Elementa ry El ectri ca l Engi neeri ng

. . .

( 1n P ress )
W
.

-
Cla use Thue,
n . AB C Uni versal Commerci a l Tel egra phi c
Code Sixth Edi ti on
.
( I a P res s ) .

Cl erk, D, . a nd I dell, F E . . Theory of the Ga s Engi ne .

( Sci ence Seri es No . 62 . ” 1 6 1110,

Clevenger, S . R . Trea ti se on the Method of Govern ment

Surveyi ng 16 mo, mon , ~
2 50

Clouth, F Rubber .
, Gutts -Percha , a nd Ba la ta 8 vo, *
5 cc

Cochra n, J Trea ti se on Cement Speci fi ca ti on s 8 vo, *

1 oo

Concrete a nd Rei nforced Concrete Sp eci fica ti ons . . 8 vo, *

2 50
Cochra n, J Insp ecti on of Concrete Con structi on 8 vo, *
4 oo

Coffi n, J H C . . . Navi ga ti on a nd Na uti cal As tronomy . . 12 mo, *

3 5°

Coi b um , Z .
, a nd Thurston, R 11 . . Stea m Boi l er Exp losi ons .

( Sci ence Seri es No . 1 6 m o,

Col e, R S . . Trea ti se on Photogra phi c Op ti cs rz mo,

 ’
12 D . VAN NOSTRAND CO MP ANY -
S SH O RT TI TLE CATALOG

Dana , 11 T Handb ook of Cons tructi on Pla nt

. . 1z mo, l ea ther, 00
Henl b ook of Constructi on Emci ency
. .

( 111 Pr ess ) .

Danb y, A Natural Rock Asphalts

. a nd Bi tumens 8 vo, *
2 50
Da venport, C The B ook ( Westmin ster Series )
. . . 8 y o, ‘2 00
Da vey, Ii The Gee Turbi ne
. sve, *
4 00
Da vies, Fn . . Electri c Power and Tra cti on 8 vo, 2 00

Foun da tions and Machinery Fi xi ng (Installation Manuals .

Seri es ) 1 6 1110,

Dem , N . Sugar a e 8 vo,

Dei te, C . Ma nua l of Soa pma king. Tra n s b y S T K ing 4to,
. . . .

De la Coa x, H . The Industrial Uses of a ter W

Tra ns b y A . . .

8 vo, ‘
4 50
Del l ar, WA . . Electri c Power Con duc tors 8 vo, 00

A -L M R ‘1 0
Denny, G . .
D p
ee e ve l i n es of the a n d 4to , 00

Dia mon d Drilling for Gold ‘

5 00

De Roos, J D C Linkages .
( Sc ien ce Series
. . . No . . t om o, o 50
Derr, WL . . Block Signa l Opera ti on b
O long 1 2 10 0,
‘1
50

Besa i nt, A . Three Hundred Sha des a nd How to Mi x Them .

8 vo,
De Verona , A . Sewer Ga ses (Sc ience Ser ies No
. .

D evey, R G . . Mill an d Factory Wiring (Installation Manuals .

Di b di n, W J . Puri fi ca ti on of Sewa ge a nd Wa ter

Diehmen, 0 . Basi c Open - Hearth Ste el Process
Di eteri ch, K . Ana ly si s of Resi n s, Ba l sa m s, a nd Gum Resi ns
8 vo,
Dil worth, E C . . Steel Ra i lwa y Bri dges 4to,
Dinget , Lieut II C . . . Ca re an d Opera ti on of Na va l Ma chin ery
1 2m 0.

Di xon, D B . . Machini st s
’ and Stea m En in eer’
g s Practi ca l Cal

cula tor 1 6m o, m or .
,

Dodge, 0 . F . Diagra ms for Desi gni n g Rei nforced Concrete

foli o
W :
.

Bon n ett, . E . Motor Car Mecha ni sm . u mo

Dart , B . F . The Surveyor ’
s Guide a nd Pocket Ta b i e- book .

1 6111 0, m on , 2 00
 ’
VAN NO STRAND CO MP ANY -
S SH O RT TITLE C A T A LOG 13

Dra per , C . 11 . Elem en ta ry Text-b ook of Light, Hea t an d

Sound m 0, 12 1 00

Drap er , c H , .
Hea t a nd the Pri nci p l es of Therm od ynami cs.

xz mo,
Dron, R . W Mi ni ng Formul as
. 12 mo,
Dub b el, B . Hi gh Power Ga s En gi nes
Dum esn y, P .
, a nd Noyer, J . Wood Products, Di stilla tes, a nd

Extra cts . 8 110,

Dunca n , W . G, . a nd Penm a n , D . The Electr ical Eq ui pment of

Collieri es 8 vo , 4 00
Duns ta n, A E , a n d Thol e, . . F . B . T . Textbook of Practi ca l
Chemi stry . 1 2100,

Duthi e, A L Decora ti ve
. . Gla ss Processes .
(Westm in ster
Seri es ) 8 va ,
Dwi ght, H B Tra nsm i s si on Li ne Formul a s
. . 8 vo

Dyson , S 8 Pra cti ca l Testi n g of Ra w Ma ter ials

. . 8 vo,
— a nd Cl a rkson S S
, C h em i ca l Works . .

Eccl es , W . 11 . Wi rel ess T el egra phy a nd Telephony . . 12 mo,

Eek, J . Li ght, Ra di a ti on a nd I ll um i n a ti on . Tra ns . b y Pa ul
Hogner . sy o,

Eddy, H T . . Ma xi mum Stresses und er Concen tra ted Loa ds,

8 vo,
Eddy , L . C . La b ora tory Ma n ua l of Al terna ti ng Curren ts,
1 21110,

Edel ma n, P . I nven ti ons a nd Pa tents xz mo

Edgcum b e, K . In dustria l Electr i cal Mea suring In strumen ts

Edler, R . Swi tches a nd Swi tchgear . Tra n s b y Ph La u

. . bach .

8 vo,
Eissi er,M The Meta llurgy ofGold
. 8 vo,
The Meta llurgy of Silver . 8 vo,
The Meta llurgy of Argen ti ferous Lea d 8 y o,
A Ha n db ook ofModern Explosi ves 8 vc ,
Ekin , T C . . Wa ter Pi pe a nd Sewage Discharge Dia gra m s
fol i o,
 ’
14 NO STRAND CO M PA N Y S S H -
O RT T IT LE C ATALO G

El ectri c Li ght Ca rb ons , Ma nufa cture oi . 8 vo, 1 00

Eli ot, C W , a n d Storer, F H Com e n di ous Ma n ua l ofQ ua lita

. . . .

p
ti ve Chemi ca l Ana lysis 1 2m o,
Elli s, C Hy drogena ti on of Oi l s
. sy o,
Elli s, G . Modern Techni cal Dra wi ng 6v0, *z 00

En n is, Wm D . . Linseed Oil an d Other Seed Oils 8 170, ‘

4 00

Applied Therm odyna m i cs 8 vo, *

4 so
Flying M -
a chin es To d ay mo, ‘1
12 50
Vapors for B es t Engin es 1 2m 0, 1 00
Ermen, W F . . A . Ma teri a l s Used i n Si z i ng . . . 8 vo, 2

Erwi n, M . The Uni verse a nd the Atom 1 2100,

*2
00

Evan s , C A . . Ma ca da m i z ed Roa ds ( 111 P ress .

)
Ewing, A J . . Ma gn eti c Inducti on in Iron 8 vo, ‘
4 00

Fa irie J Notes on Lea d Ores

, . 1 21110
'
‘1 cc
,

Notes on Pottery Cla ys 1 2 m o,

‘1 50
Fa irley W a nd An dre Ge o J Ventila tion of Coa l Mines
, .
, , . . .

( Sc ien ce Ser ies No 1 6m o, . o 50

Fa irwea ther, W C Foreign a n d Colon ia l Pa ten tLa ws 8 v0 . . . . .
,
‘3 oo

Falk M S Cem ent Mortars a nd Concretes

, . . 8 vo ,
*2
50
Fanni ng J T Hydrauli c a nd Wa ter sup ply Engi neeri ng 8 vo
,
-. . .
,
00

Fay, I . The W .
-
Coal ta r Colors 8 vo, ‘
4 00
Fernb a ch, R L . . Glue a nd Gela ti n e . 8 vo, *
3 00

Chemi cal Aspects of Silk Manufa ctur e 1 2m o,

‘1 00
Fi rth, J . B . Pra cti cal Phy s i ca l Chemi s try 12 m0,
Fi scher , E . The Prepa ra ti o n o f Orga n i c Com poun ds . Tra n s .

by R V . . . m mo,
Fi sh J C L Letteri ng of Worki ng Dra wi ngs
, . . . . . b
O l ong sy o,
Ma them a ti cs of the Pa p er Loca ti on of a Ra i lroa d,
xz mo, p a per, *
0 25

Fisher , H . K C . .
,
a nd Da rb y ,
W . C. b
Su m arin e Ca le Testi n g b .

8 vc , *
3 50
Fleisc hma nn , W . The B ook of the Da iry . Tra n s . by C . M .

. 8 vo, 4 00
Fl em i ng, J A . . The Altern a te-curr en t Tra n sform er . T wo
Volum es 8 vo,
Vol I . . The In ducti on of Elec tr ic Curren ts
Vol II . . The Utili z a ti on of In duced Curren ts
 ’
16 D . VAN NO STRAND CO M PAN Y S SH O RT - IT -
T L E CATALO G

Ga rforth, WE . . Rules for Recovering Coa l Mines a fter Explo

s i ons a n d Fires 1 2m o, lea ther, 1 50
Ga rrard, C C . . Electri c Swi tch a nd . Controlli ng Gear .
( In P ress ) .

Ga udard , J . Founda ti ons . ( Sc ience Seri es No . 1 6 m 0, 0 50

Gear, H B . .
, a nd Willia m s , P . F . Electric Centra l Sta tio n Dis
tri b uti ng Sy stem s . . 8 vo, 3 00

Geerligs, H C P . . . Ca n e Sugar an d Its Ma nufacture 8 170, ‘

5 00

Gei ki e, S l d Fi ld G ology 8 y o, ‘
1 t r u
.ctur a a n e e 4 00
Mountai ns, Thei r Ori gi n, Growth a nd Deca y sy o, *
4 00
The Anti qui ty of Ma n i n Europe . 8 vo, 00

Georgi , F, Schub ert, A Sheet Meta l

. a nd . Worki ng . Tra ns .

b y C Sa l ter 8 vo, 3 00
W W
. . .

Ge ha d ,
r r P n i
Sa t t o ,
a i
. n -
a te supply
r . a nd Sew a ge Di s
p osa l of Cou n tr y H ouses u mo,
Ga s Lighting ( Sc i ence Ser i es No 1 6 m 0,
. . .

Gerhard, P W
Household astes.
( Sci ence Seri es N0
. W . .

16 m0,
House Dra i na ge ( Sci ence Seri es No . . 1 6 1110

Sanitary Drainage ofBuildi ngs (Sci ence Seri es No . .

0 50

Gerhardi , C . WH . . Electri city Meters . sy o, ‘

4 00
Geschwin d, L Man ufacture of Alum and Sulp ates Trans
. h . .

b y C Salter . 8 vo, . .
‘
5 00
Gib bi ngs, A H Oi l Fuel Eq ui p ment for Locomoti ves
. 8 vo,
. . .
*
2 50
Gib b s , WE Li ghting b y Acetylen e
. . 1 2m 0, .
‘
1 50
Gi b son, A H Hydrauli cs an d Its Appli cati on 8 vo , ‘
. .
5 00
Water Hamm er i n Hydrauli c Pi pe Lin es 1 2m0,
‘2 00
Gi b son, A B , a nd Ri tchi e, E G Ci rcular Arc Bow Gi rder 4to,
. . . . .
*
3 50
Gi l breth, F B Moti on Study
. . xz mo, *
2 00

Bri ckla yi ng System 8 vo, *

3 00
Fi eld Sy s tem 1a mo, l ea ther, *
3 00

Pri mer of Sci enti fi c *1

00

Gi ll ette, H P . . Ha ndbook of Cos t Da ta mo, l ea ther,

12
*
5 00

Rock Excavati on Method s and Cost 1 2m0 l ea ther, *

5 00

Ha n dbook of Ea rth Exca va ti on n Pr es s . )

Ha nd book Tunnels of a nd Sha fts, Cos t a nd Methods
of Con structi on ( I n P r ess ) .

Ha ndb ook of Roa d Constructi on, Methods a nd Cos t .

( I n P ress ) .
 ’
11. VAN NO STRAND CO M PAN Y S 511 0111 4 11 11 : CATALO G 17

Gi ll ette, H P . Da na , R T .
, a nd . . Cost Keepi ng a nd Manage
m en t Engi n eeri n g
-a nd Hi ll , C . S . Concrete Con structi on , Methods a nd
Cost 8 vo, 00

Gillmore , Gen .
Q A . . Limes , Hydra uli cs Cement and Mortars .

8 vo, 00
Roa d s , Stre ets , an d Pav em en ts . . ri mo, 2 00

Godfrey , E . b
Ta l es for Str uctura l Engi n eers 1 6 mo, l ea ther, . .
*
2 50
Gold in g, H A Th e Th eta -Phi Dia gram
. 1 2m 0, .
‘1 25

Gold s chmi dt, R Altern a ti n g Curr ent Comm uta tor Motor 8 vo, ‘
.
3 oo

Good chil d , W . Precious Ston es .

(Wes tminster Seri es ) 8 vo, . .

Good eve, T . M . Textbook on S -

th e team en gin e u mo , 2 00

Gore , G Electrolyti c Separa ti on of Metals

. . . 8 vo, *
3 50

Gould , E S Ari thm eti c of the Steam-en gi n e

. . . rz mo, 1 00

Calculus (Sci ence Seri e s No . . 1 6m0, 0 50

High Ma s onry D am s ( Sci en ce Seri e s No . . . 1 6mo , o 50
Pra cti ca l Hydros ta ti cs an d Hydros ta ti c F ormula s . Sci
( en ce
Seri es No . 16 mo,
Gra ta ca p, L P . . A Popular Gui d e to Min erals 8 vo,
Gray, J . El ectri cal Infl u en ce Ma chin es 12 m0.
Gra y, J . Marin e B oiler D es ign
Gre enhill, G Dyn ami cs of Mechani cal F
. li ght 8 v0 .

Gr eenwoo d , E . Cla s s i fi ed Gui d e to Techni cal an d Comm ercial

Books . . 8 vo , 00

Gr egoriu s , R Mi n era l Waxes Tran s b y C

. . . . Salter . . 1 21110,
‘
3 00

Gri ers on, R Modern Methods of Venti la ti on

. .
( I n P r ess ) .

Griffi ths , A B A Trea ti s e on Manur es

. . 1 21110, 3 00
Grifi ths , A B Den ta l Meta llurgy 8 vo, ‘
. . .
3 50
Gross , E H0ps 8 vo, ‘
. . .
4 50
Grossma n , J . Amm on ia a nd i ts Co m po un ds 1 2 m o,
*1 25

Groth , L . A . Weldin g a n d Cutti ng Meta ls b y Ga ses or Electric

i ty. ( Wes tm i n ster Seri es ) 8y o .
,
*
2 00

Gro ver, F Modern. Ga s a nd Oi l En gi n es 8 vo, *

2 00

6 1 11001 , A . Power-loom Wea vin g 8 vo, *

3 00
Gtil dn er , Hugo . In tern a l -Com b usti on Engin es . Tra n s . by
H Di edr i chs to
‘1 0 00
.
4 ,
 ’
18 D. VAN NO ST RAND CO M PA N Y S 511 0111 4 11 115 0111 c

Gunth er, C 0 . . I ntegra ti on 8 vo,

Gurden, R L . . Tra vers e Ta l es b fol i o, ha l f mon ,

Guy, AE . . Experi m en ts on the Fi e xure of B ea m s 8 vc ,

Haeni g, A Emery a nd the Emery I ndustry

. 8 vo,
Ha i nb a ch, R Pottery Decora ti on Tra n s b y C Sa l ter
. . . . . 12 m o,
Ha le, W J Ca lcula ti ons of Genera l Chem istry
,

. . . . 1 2m 0,

Ha ll , C H Chem i str y ofPa i n ts a n d Pa i nt Vehicles

. .
. 12 m 0,
Hal l, G L . . El ementa ry Theory of Alterna te Curren t Work
i ng . 8 vo,

Ha i l, R H . . Governors a nd Govern i ng Mecha n ism . rz m o,

Ha ll, W 8 . . Elemen ts of the Difi eren tia i a nd I ntegra l Ca lculus
8 vo,
Descri pti ve Geom etry 8 170 volume a n d 4to a tla s ,
He ller, G F, a nd Cunn i ngha m , E T
. . . . The Tesla Coi l 1 2 111 0,

Ha lsey, F A Sli de Va lve Gear s

. . 12 mo ,
( Sci en
.

The Use of the Sli de Rule ceSeri es No . .

1 6 1110,

Worm an d Spi ra l Gea ri ng .

( Sci ence Seri es No .

1 6 1110, 0 50
Ha ncoc k, H Textb ook ofMecha n i cs a n d Hydr osta ti cs
. 8 y o, 1 50 . .

Hancock, W C Refractory Materi a l s ( Meta ll urgy Seri es ( l n P r es s )

. . . . .

Ha rd E Elem en ta r Prin ci les of Gra hi c Sta tic s 1 2m 0

‘
y,
.
y p 1 0 p , 5
Hat i ng, B . Engi n eeri ng La w ,

Vol I . . La w of Con tra ct . sy o, *

4
Ha rper, J H Hy dra uli c Ta bl es on the Fl ow of Wa ter
. . . 1 6 1110,
*
2 00

Ha rri s , S M Pra cti ca l Top ogra phi ca l Surveyi ng

. . . I n P r es s
Ha rrison , W B The Mecha n i cs o ol-b ook
. .
’T
. . 12 m 0,
Ha rt, J W Extern a l Plu m b in g Work
. . . . 8 vo,
Hi n ts to Plum bers on J oin t Wi pi ng 8 vo ,
Pri nci ples of Hot Wa ter Supply sy o,
Sa n itar y Plum i ng a n d Dra ina ge b 8 vc ,
Ha skin s, C H The Ga lva n om eter a n d Its Uses
. . . . 1 6 m 0,

Ha tt, J A H The Colori st

. . . s qua re 12 m o,
Ha usbra nd, E . Dryi ng b y Mea n s of Air a nd Stea m . Tra n s .

by A . C . W
right 1 2 m o, 00

Eva pora ting, Condensi ng a nd Cooli n g Appar a tu s . Tra n s .

by A c . . Wright . . 8 vo,
 ’
20 D VAN
. NOSTRAND C O M PA N Y -
S SII O RT T IT LE C ATALO G

Hildeb ra ndt, A . Airshi ps, Pa st a n d Presen t . 8 vo,

Hildenbra nd, B . W . Ca b le-Ma ki ng .
(Science Series No .

16 mo,
ni ldi tch, T . P . Conci se Hi story of Chemi stry 1 2m0,

11111 0 8 . . Concrete Inspecti on 1 6m o,

Hi ll, C . W .
-
La b ora t01 y Ma nua l a nd Notes in Begi nn i ng
Chemi stry ( I n P r ess .

Hill , J . W . The Puri fi ca ti on of b

Pu li c Wa ter Suppli es . New
Edi ti on ( In P res s ) .

In terpreta ti on of a ter Ana lysis W . . ” .

( I n P res s ) .

Hi ll, M J M The Theory of Proporti on

. . . 8 vo, *
2 50
Hiroi , 1 . Pla te Gir der Constructi on .
( Sci en ce Seri es No .

16 m 0,
Sta ti ca lly-Indeterm ina te Stresses . 1 2 m 0,

Hirshfeld , C . F Engi n eeri ng

. Therm odyna m ics .
( Sc i ence
Seri es No . 16 mo,
Hoa r, A . The Su ma ri n e Torped o B oa tb 12 mo,
Hobart, H . M . Hea vy Electri ca l Engi neeri ng 8 vc ,
Desi gn of Sta ti c Tra n sformers 12 mo,
Electr i ci ty 8 vo,
Electri c Tra in s “ 3 V0,
Electri c Propulsi on of Shi ps 8 vo,
Hob art, J F Ha rd Sold ering, Soft Sold erin g,
. . and Bra z ing
rz mo , ‘1 00
Hob b s, W . R P . . The Arithm eti c of Electri ca l Mea surem ents
1 2 m 0,

1103 , J N . . Pa i nt a n d Var ni sh Fa cts a nd Formula s 1 2 m 0,

Hole, W The Di stri buti on of

. 8 vc ,
Holley , A L Ra i lwa y Pra cti ce
. . foli o,

Hopki ns , N M Model Engi nes . . a nd Sma ll B oa ts . . 12 mo,

Hopkinson , J , Shoolb red , J N . . and Da y, R . E . Dyna m ic
Electricity .
( Sc i en ce Ser i es No . r om o, 0 50
Hornet , J . Practi ca l Ironfoundi ng 8 vo,
-Gear Cutting, i n Theory a nd Practi ce 8 vo, .

Houghton, C E The Elem en ts ofMecha ni cs ofMa ter ia ls

. . . 1 2 m o,

Houstoun , R A Studi es in Light Producti on

. . . 1 2m0,
 ’
D VAN
. NOST RAND CO MPA N Y S SH O RT-TI TLE C ATALOG 21

B ovenden, F . Pra cti ca l Ma themati cs for Young Engi neers,

12 mo,
Howe, G . Ma thema tics for the Pra cti ca l Ma n . u m o,
Howorth, J . Repa iring and Riveti ng Gla ss, China an d Earthen
8 v0, pa per, ‘0
. .
50
Hoyt, W F . . Chemi stry b y Exp eri menta ti on . .
( In P r ess ) .

Hub b a rd, E . The Uti li za ti on of W ood wa ste

- 8 vo, *2
00

Hub n er, J Blea ching and Dyeing of Vege tab le an d F

. i b rous
Materi al s ( Outl i nes of Industri al Chemi stry ) 8 vo,
. . .
*
5 00

Hudson, 0 . F . Iron and Steel .

(Outli nes of In dustri al
Chemi stry ) . 8 vo, *2
00

Humphrey , J C . . W Meta li ography

. of Stra i n .
( Meta llurgy
Seri es ) ( Ia Pr ess ) .

Hum phreys, A C . . The Busi ness Fea tures of Engi n eer ing
*1
Practi ce . sy o, 25

. 87 0 (In Pres s ) .

Hur st, G H .Ha ndb ook of the Theory ofColor

. 8 y o, ‘2 50
Di cti ona ry of Chem i ca ls a n d Ra w Products 8 vo , ‘3 00

Lub ricati ng Oils , Fats and Greases 8vo, ‘ 00

.
4
Soa ps 8 vo, ‘5 00

Hurst, G B . .
, and Si mmons, W . H . Textile Soa p s a nd Oil s ,

8 170, 3 00

Hurst, H E , . . and Lattey, R T . . Text-b ook ofPhys ics . . 8 vo, *

3 00
Also pub lished in Three Parts :
Vol . 1 . Dyna mi cs a n d Heat
Vol 11 . . Sound a nd Li ght
Vol III . . Magneti sm a nd El ectri ci ty

Hutchi nson , R . W .
, J r. Long Distan ce Electric Power Tra ns
missi on rz mo,
W W
.

Hutchi nson, R . .
, Ir .
, and Thomas, . A
. El ectri ci ty i n
Mi ni ng ( I n Pr ess ) .

Hutchi n son , W . B . Pa ten ts a nd How to Ma ke Money Out of

12 m 0,
Hutton, W S The Works Ma na ger s Ha n db ook
, .
’ ’
8 vo,
Hyde, E W Skew Arches
.
( Sc.ien ce Ser i es .

Hy de, F S Solvents, Oi l s, Gums and Waxes

. . 8 vo,
 ’
D VAN NO STRAND CO MP A NY S SH O RT TI F
- LE CATALOG
'
22 .

Induction Coils . ( Scien ce Series N0 .

1113 1111111, A E . . Gea ri ng . A p ra cti ca l trea ti se

10510, H I a nua l of Agr i cultura l Chemi stry
. .

Inness, C H Prob lems i n Machi ne Desi gn

. .

Air Compressors an d Blowi ng Engi nes .

Ivatts, E B . . Ra ilwa y Management at Sta ti on s

Ja cob , L , a nd Gould , 0 0 t h e D es ig n i ng a nd C on stru cti o nE S

. .

of Storage Reservo irs ( Sc ie n ce S e r ies No 1 6 0 1 0, . .

Ja nn ette z , E Guid e to the D e ter m i n.a ti on o f R oc ks T rm .

by G Plym pton . W . . . 1 21110,

Jehi F
, . l a n ufa cture of Car bons 8 y o,
Jenni ngs A , . 8 . Commerci a l Pa i nts a nd Pa i n ti ng .
( West
mi nster Seri es ) . sy o, *
z 00

Jenn ison F H The Man ufacture of La ke Pigmen ts 8 vo, ‘

, . . .
3 00
Jepson G Cams an d the Pri nci ples oftheir Cons truction
, . . . 8 vo, 1 50
Hechnnical Dra wi ng . 8 110 ( In P rep a ra ti on .

Jervi s -Smi th, F J Dyna mometers . . 8 vo, *

3 50

1001110, W
Arithmetic 01 the Gold a nd Silversmith
. 1 2m 0, 00
‘1
Johnson, J H Arc La mps a nd Accessory Apparatus ( I n
. . .

stellati on Manua ls Ser i es ) 1 21110, .

Johnson , T H Sh ip Wiring an d F ittin g

.
( Instal la tion . .

Ma nual s Seri es ) 1 2111 0,

*
0 75 .

Johnson, W HcA The Meta llurgy oi Ni ckel .

( In P r ep a r
.a ti o n ) .

Johnston , J F W , a n d Cameron, C Elem en ts of Ag i cultw a l

. . . .

Chem istry an d Geology . 1 2m 0, 2 60

Joly J Ra di oa cti vity a nd Geology m0, ‘ 00
, . . 12 3
Jones , K C Electri cal Na tur e of
. . . Matter a nd Ra di oa cti vity
1 21110,
‘
2 00
Nature of Sol uti on ( I n P r es s . )
New Era i n Chemi stry 1 2111 0,
*
2 00

Jones J H , . . Ti npl a te Industry 8 110, *

3 00
Jones K W , . . Testi ng Ra w Ma terials Used in Pa i n t . 12 m 0, 00

Jordan, L C . . Practi ca l Rai lway Spiral . . 1 21110, Lea ther, *

1 50
 ' -
24 D . VAN NO STRAND O M PAN Y S
C SH ORT TITLE ATALOG
C

Ki n z brunner, C . Al terna te Curren t Winding; 8 vo,

Con ti n uous Current Arma tures 8 vo,
Tes ti ng Alterna ti ng Current Ma chi nes
of 8 vo,
K i rka ldy , A W , a n d Evan s, A D Hi story a n d Econ om i cs

nport
. . . .

m
*
of Tra s 8 vo, 3 00
Kirka i dy, W . G . Da vi d K ir kal dy ’
8 Syste of Mecha n i ca l
Testi ng 1 0 00

Kirkbride J '
Engra vi ng for Illustra ti on 8 vo , ‘1
, . . .
50
Ki rkha m J ,
E Structur a l Engi neeri ng
. . . 8 vo, *
5 00

Kirkwood J , . P . Filtra ti on of Ri ver Wa ters . .

4to, 7 50
Kirs chke A Gas an d O il En gin es 1 2010.
‘1 3
, . .
5
Klei n J . P . Desi gn of a High speed Stea m-
en gine 8 vo, ‘5 00
,
.

Physi ca l Sign i fi ca n ce ofEn tropy .

*1
50
b
Kli ngen erg, G La rge Electri c Power Stati ons . . .
4t0,
*
5
Kn g t,
i h R - Adm A M Modern Seamanshi p 8 vo, ‘
. . . . . .
7 50
Half M01 .
*
9
Knott C,
. G .
, a nd Ma cka y J , . 8 . Pra cti ca l Ma thema tics . . 8 vo,
Kn ox G, . D . Sp i ri t of the Soi l 1 2111 0,

Knox J P h si c -chemi cal Cal culati on s

, .
y o
Fi xa ti on of Atmospheri c Ni trogen . ( Chemi ca l Mono
gra phs ) . 1 21110, 0 75
Koester, F Stea m Electri c Power Plants
- .
4to,
*
5
Hydroelectric Developm en ts Engi n eeri ng
a nd
‘5
. . .
4 to , 00
K oller ,
T . The Uti l i z ati on of Wa ste Products . . 8 vo, 00

Cosm eti cs 8 vo , ‘2
50
Koppe S W Glycen ne
,
. . xz mo, *2
50
Koz mi n P A Fl our Mi lli ng
, . . . Tran s b y . M Falkner
. . 8 vo,

( I n P r ess .

K rema nn, R . Ap p li ca ti on of Phys i co Chem i cal Theory to

Techni ca l Proces ses and Man ufa cturi ng Method s .

Tra ns . by H . E . Potts . . . 8 vo,

Kretchmar, K . Yarn an d Warp Siz ing 8 vo,

La ll i er, E V . . Elementa ry Ma nual of the Stea m Engi n e .

1 2 1110, 00

La m b ert, T . Lea d a nd i ts Com poun ds . 8 vo, *

3 50
Bone Products and Ma nures . 8 y o, ‘
3 00
 ’
D VAN
. NO ST RAND CO M PA N Y -
S SH ORT T IT LE C AT A LOG 25

Lamb orn , L L Cottonseed . . s vc , 00

— Modern Soa p s, Ca ndles, a nd Glyceri n . . 8 vo, *
7 50

La mpu cht, R Recovery . Work After Pit Fires . Tra ns . by

C Salter . 8 vo, 00

La nca ster, M . Electri c Cooki ng, Hea ti ng a nd Clea ni ng . . 8 vo, *1

50
Lanchester, F W Aeri a l Fl i ght
. . . Two Vol umes . 8 170 .

Vol . I . Aerodyna mi cs 00

Aerodoneti cs *
6 00
The Flyi ng Ma chi ne ( I n P r ess ) .

Longs, K R . . By Products of
- -
Coa l Ga s Ma nufa cture . . 12 m o, 2 00

Lerner, E T . . Pri nci p les of Alterna ti ng Currents xz mo, *1 25

Le Rue, B . F . Swin g Bridges .

( Sc ience Series No . 0 50
La ssar-Cohn, Dr Modern . Scien ti fi c Chemi stry Tra n s b y M . . .

H Pa ttison Muir
. 12 m 0, 00
La ti mer , L B Field C J
. .
, , . .
, an d Howell, J . W . Inca n desce n t
Electric Lighting ( Sc ience Series No 1 6 m 0, . . .

La tte , II N Ha nd b ook 01 Ameri ca n Ga s—

. . Engi neeri n g Practice .

8 vo, ‘4 50
Am erica n Producer Ga s Pra cti ce ‘6 00
4 to, .

Law s, B C Sta i li ty a nd Eq ui li ri um
. . b b of Fl oa ti ng B odi es 8 v o, .
*
3 50
La wson, W . R . Bri ti sh Ra i l wa y s, a Fi na nci al a nd Commer
ci a l Survey sy o,
Lea sh, A R . . Brea kdown s at Sea 1 2 m 0,

Refr igera ti ng Ma chi n ery 1 2m 0,

Lecky, S T S . . .
“
Wri nkles ”
i n Pra cti ca l Navi gati on . . 8 vo, *
1 0 00

Lo Doux, M . i ce-Ma king Machines .

(Science Series No .

1 6 111 0,

Leed s , C C . . Mecha ni ca l Dra wi ng for Tra de School s . ob l ong 4to,

Mecha ni ca l Dra wi ng for Hi gh a nd Voca ti onal School s,

* 95
1

Lefé vre, L . Architectural Pottery . Tra ns b y H K Bir d

. . . a nd

4 t°1
Lehner, S . Ink Ma nufa cture . Tra ns . by A Morris
. a nd H
. 8 vo
Lem strom , 8 . Electrici ty in Agriculture and Horti culture , . 8 vo,
Letts, E A . . Fundam enta l Prob lems i n Chemi stry . . 8 vo,
 ’
26 D . VA N NO STRAND C O M PA N Y S SH O T T T L E CATA LOG
R - I

Le Va n, W . B . Ste am - Engi ne I ndi cator .

( Science Seri e s No .

73 16 m ,

Lew e s, V B . . L i q uid a nd Ga seous Fuels .

( Westmi ns te r Seri es ) .

8 vo, ‘2 00

Carb oni u ti on of C oa l . . 8 vo, *

3
Lewi s, L P Ra i lwa y Signa l Engi necri ng
. . 8 vo, *
3 50
L i cks, H E Recr ea ti ons i n Ma th ema ti cs xz m o,
“

. . x 25

Li e ber , B . F . Li eb er ’
s Five Lette r Sta nd a r d T elegra phi c Cod e,
*
8 vo, 1 0 00

E di tion
Spa ni sh 8 vo, *1
0 00

French E di ti on ‘xc 00

T erm ina l I nd ex 8 vo, *

z 50
’
Li cher a A ppen dix foli o ,
*1
5 00

Ha ndy Ta bles 4to,

*z
50
Ba nk ers a nd Stock b rok ers Code ’
an d Mercha nts a nd

Shippers B l a nk Ta bl es
’
8 1m} *
1 5 00

Li eb er, Comb ination C0d e . . .

‘1 0 00
Engineering C od e 8 vo, ‘xz
50
Li vormore, V P , a n d Will ia ms J How to Be co me a Com
. . .

petent Motorma n u m , I oo

Li vi n gstone, R Desi gn and C ons tructi on of Commuta tora 8 vo,

. . 2 25

Mecha n i ca l Des ign a n d Cons tructi on of Genera tors 8 vo, . . .

*
3 50
Ll oyd, 8 . L . Fertili z er P r ess ) .

b
Lo b en , P . Ma c hi nists a n d Dra ftsm en s Ha n dbook
’ ’
8 vo . .
,
2 50
L oc kwood, T D .E lectr i c ity Ma g neti sm a n d E lec tr o-teleg
.
, ,

. 8 vo,
Electrical Mea surem ent an d the Galvanom eter n mo,
Lod ge , 0 J . . Elem en ta ry Mecha ni cs . u m o,
Si gna lli ng Across Spa ce with out Wires 8 vo,
Loewenstei n , L C , . . a nd Cri ss ey, C P . . Centrifuga l P ump s .

Ldmax, J . W Cotton . Sp i nni ng . . xz m o,

L ord , R T . . Decorative a nd Fa ncy Fa bri cs 8 vo . .

,

Lori n g, A E . . A Ha ndb ook of the E lectromagneti c T el egra ph ,

1 6 1110,

Han db ook ( Sci ence Seri e s No . . . xsmo,

Love ll, D H Practi ca l Swi tchwork Rev is ed by Strong a nd

Whi tney
. . .

( In P r es s ) .
 ’
28 D. VAN NO STRAND CO M P ANY S S H O T T TLE
R - I CATALOG

Ma lcol m H W Sub ma ri ne T el egra ph C a bl e

, .
( I n P r es s )
. .

Mallet A Compoun d Engines Tra ns by R R Buel

, . . . . . .

( Sc ience Ser ie s No 1 6m o .
,

Ma nsfi el d A N E l ec tro ma gne ts ( Sci ence Seri es No 64 )

,
- . . . .

16 m o,
Ma rks , E Constru c ti on of Cra ne s a n d Lifti ng Ma c hi nery
. C R . .

u mo ‘ l 50 ,

Construc ti on a nd Worki ng of Pumps u mo

‘ 1 50 ,

Ma nufa cture of Iron a n d Steel Tub es r z mo

‘ z 00 ,
. .

Mechan ical Engi n eering Materials 1 21110

‘ 1 00 ,

Ma rks 6 C Hydra ulic P ower Engi neeri ng

, . . 8 vo 3 50 ,

Inventi ons Pa tents a nd Designs u mo

‘ x 00
, ,

Ma rl ow T G Dryi ng Ma c hinery a nd Pra c tice

, . . 8 vo *
s 00 ,

Mars h C F Conc ise Trea tise on Rei nfor ced Co ncrete

. . 8 vo ‘ 2 50
, ,
. .

Marsh C F R e inforce d Con crete C ompre s s ion Memb er

, . .

D i a gra m Mounte d on C l oth Boa rds .

M arsh C F a nd D unn W Ma nua l of Rei nforced Concrete

, . .
, , .

a nd C on cre te B l ock C on s tructi on 1 6 mo mon .

, ,

Marsha ll W J a nd Sank ey H R Gas Engi nes (Westm inster

, . .
, , . . .

*2
8 vc , 00

Martin , G . Triumphs an d Won d er s of Mo d ern Chemis try . l

8 170
L M odem C h emi stry Wond ers avg a nd Its ,

Marti n N Prop erti es

,
an d De s ig n of Rei nforce d Co ncre te
.
,

xan o ,

Marti n W D Hi nts to Engi neers

, . . xz m o ,

Ma ssie W W a n d Under hill C R W ireless Telegr a p hy an d

, . .
, , . .

Teleph ony xz m o ,

Na thot R E I nterna l C omb usti on Engi ne s

,
. . 8 vo . .
,

Ma uri ce W Elec tric Bla sti ng Appa ra tus a n d E xpl o si ve s 8 vo

, . . .

’
Sh ot Firer s G uide 8 vo
Ma xwe ll J C Ma tter a n d M0 ti0
”
,

,
11 (Sc nence Series No
. . . .

x6 m0,
Ma xwell W ,
Brown J T Encycl ope dia of M un ic ipa l
. H .
, a nd , . .

a n d Sa n ita ry Engi nee ri ng 4 to . .

,

Ma ye r A M Lec ture No te s on Phy si cs

, . . 8 vo . .
,

Mayer C a nd Sli p py J C T el e ph one Li ne Constructi on 8 v0

, ,
.
, . . .
,
 ’
D . VA N NO STRAND CO M P ANY S S H O T T T LE
R - I CATALO G 29

Mccullough Pra cti ca l Surveyi ng ,

E u mo .
,

En gi n een ng Work i n C i ti e s a n d T ow n s av o ,

Rei nforce d C oncrete u mo ,

McCullough R S Mec ha nica l Theory of Hea t , 8 vo. .

,

McGi b b on W C I n di cator D i a gr a ms for Ma ri ne Engi neers

.

, . .
,

svc,
Mari ne En gi neers Dra wi ng Book oblong 4to ’
,

Mari ne Engi neers Po ck etbook

’
u mo l ea ther , ,

McIntosh J G T ech nol ogy of Sugar

, 8 vo.
,

In du strial Alcohol
M a nuf a cture of Varni sh e s a nd K i ndre d In dustri es .

Three Vol ume s 8 170 . .

Vol I Oil C rus hi ng Refi n ing a nd Boili ng

. .
,

Vol II Varnish Ma teria ls a n d Oil Varn ish Ma king

. .

Vol III Spiri t Varni sh e s an d Mate rials

. . .

McKn ight J D a nd Brown A W Mar ine Multitn b ulnr

, . .
, . .

Bo ilers ”

Mc ma ster J B Bridge a nd Tu nne , l Centres ( Sc ience Series

. . .

No . 16 m o,
McMechen F L Tests for Ore s Mi nera ls a n d Me ta ls xz mo
, . .
, . .
,

Mc p he r s on J A W a ter-w o r k,s D i s tr ib u.ti on 8 vo . .

,

Mea de R K De s ign a nd E q uipment of Sma ll C hemica l

, . .

La bora tori e s 8 vo .
,

Meli ck C W D a iry La b ora tor y Guide

, . . I z mo ,

Mensch L J Rei nf orced Concrete Pock et Book 1 6mo lea ther

, . . .
,

Merck E C hem i ca l Rea gents : The ir P urity a nd T ests

, . .

T rans by H E Schenck . . . . 1 00

Meri val e J H Notes a nd Formul a e for M i ni ng Stud ents

, .
,

xz mo,
Merritt Wm H Field Testi ng for Gold a nd Sil ver 1 6m o lea ther
, . .
, ,

Mi erz i n ski S Wa terpr oofi ng of Fa bri c s Tra ns by A Morris

, . . . .

a nd H Rob son . . 8 y o,
Miessner , B F Ra di o dy na mi c s
. . xz mo,

Miller G A Detei mina n ts (Sc ience Series No

, . .
'
. . . 16 m0,
Mill er W J Hi s tori ca l Geol ogy
, . . ta mo,
M ill s C N E l ementa ry Mecha n ics for Engi n eers
,
. . . . . u m o,
Milroy M E W Ho e La ce ma ki ng
,
m - . . . . xz m o, ‘x 00
 ’
3 0 D . VAN NO STRAND CO M P ANY S SH O R T T IT L E
-
CATALO G

'

Mi tchell , C A . . M i nera l a nd A era te d Wa ters 8 v0,

a nd Prid ea ux , R . M . Fi bres Us e d i n T extil e and

Mi tch ell , 0 . F . a nd G . A . Buildi ng Co nstr uction a nd D ra w

u mo
E lementa ry Course ,

Adva n ced C ours e ,

Mo nckton , C C . . F Ra di otelegra phy

. .
( Westminste r Ser ie s ) .

8 vc , ‘2 00

Monteverde R D Ve st P oc ket Glossa ry of English-Spa nis h

, . .
,

Spa nish-E ngli s h Tec hn ical Ter m s 64m o l ea ther . .

, ,

Montgomery J 11 E l ectri c Wi ri ng Speci fi ca ti ons,

1 61no . . .
,

Moore E C S New Ta bles for the Com plete Soluti on of

, . . .

’
Ga nguillet a n d K utter s F orm ula 8 vo ,

Morecroft J B a n d Hehre F W Short Cours e i n E lectri ca l

, . .
, , . .

T es tin g 8 vo .
,

Morga n A P W ire less T el egra ph Appara tus for Ama teurs

, . .
,

u mo ,

Ho se s A J The C hara c ters of C rys ta ls

, . . SW ,

and P a r son s C L E lements of M i nera logy 8 vo , . .

,

l oss , S A Ele m en ts of Ga s Engi n e De sig n

. .
( Sc ience .

Seri es No . 121 ) . x6 mo,

Th e La y -out . of Corlis s Va l ve Gea rs .
( Sci ence Seri e s
No . . 16 m o,
Mul ford A C Bound ari e s a n d La n dm a rk s
, . . u mo ,

Mulli n J P,
Mo d e r
. n Mo uldi n g a n d
. Pa tte r n -ma ki ng I z mo .
,

Mun b y A E C he m istry a n d Physi c s of B uildi ng Ma teria ls

, . . .

(We stm i nster 8 vo ,

Murphy J G Pra c tica l Mining

, . . 1 6m o ,

M urphy W S Textil e In dustri e s 8 vol s

, . .
,

( Sol d s e pa r a te ly ) ea ch .
,

Murra y J A So ils a n d Ma nure s ( We stm i ns ter Se rie s ) 8 vo

,
. . . .
,

Ne sm ith , J en t s Co tton Spi nni ng

. The Stu d ’
. . 8 vo ,
Recen t Cotton M ill Con s truc ti on . u mo ,

N e av e G B a n d He ilb ron I M
, . Id en ti fi ca ti on of
.
, , . . O rgani c
Com po un d s u mo ,
 '
32 0 . NO T AND S R CO M P ANY S S H O R T T IT L E CAT ALOG
-

Parry, E .
J Foo d s and Drugs Two Votum es 8 170
. .

Vol . I . C hemical and Microscopi cal An alysis of Foo d

an d
*
7 5o.

Vol II .Sa le of Foo d an d Drugs Acts

.
*
3
a nd C oste, J H C hemi stry of Pigm ents *
. . . . 8 vo, 4 50
Pa rry , L . Note s on Alloy s 8 vo, *
3
-M eta lli f ero us Wa stes 8 vo, 2

— Ana l ysi s of Ashes a nd Alloy s 8 vo,

Parry, L A Risk a n d Da ng ers of Va ri o u s Occ upa ti on s

. . . . 8 vo,
Par shall, H P , a n d Hobart, H M Arma ture W indings
. . . . .
4 to,
E lectri c Engineeri ng Ra il wa y .
4 to,
Parsons J L La nd Dra i nag e
, . . sy o,
Pa rs ons S J Ma llea b le C a st Ir on
, . . 8 vc ,
Partington , J R High er Mathematics for Ch emi cal
. . Stud ents
xz m o, z 00
Textbook of Thermodyna mi cs 8y o , 4
Pa ssm ore A C Tec hnica l Term s U se d i n Arc hitec ture 8 vo ‘
,
. . .
, 3 50
Pa tchell W H E l ectri c Pow er i n M i ne s
, . . svc . .
,
*
4 00
Pa ters on G W L , Wiring C al cula ti on s
. . I z mo
.
,
*
2 00
E l ectri c Mi ne Signa lli ng I nsta ll a ti ons m mo .
,
*
x 50

Pa tterson D The Color Pr in ti ng of C a rpe t Ya rn s 8 vo ‘

, . . .
, 3 50
Col or Ma tc hi ng on Te xtile s 8 vo . . .
,
*
3 00
— T extil e C ol or M ixi n g sy o ,
*
3 00
Pa ulding C P Condensa ti on of Stea m in Covere d a n d Ba re
, . .

8 vo, . 00
Tra nsmi s s ion of Hea t Th rou gh Cold o ge
-s t ra In sulation
Iz mo, *I
oo
Pa yne D W Found ers M a nua l
, . . ( I n P r ess )
’
.

Pec kha m S F Soli d B i tumen s

, . . 8 vo *
5 00 ,

P e ddi e R A Engin een an d M e tall ur gi cal Books u mo

*
. . 1 50 ,
,
. . .

Pe irce B Syste m of Ana lyti c Mec ha nic s

, .
4 to 1 0 00 . .
,

Li nnea r Associ a ti v e Algebra 4to 3 00 ,

Pendr e d V The Ra ilway L ocom oti ve (Westm inster Series )

, . . .

*
8 vo, 2 00

Perki n , F M Pra c ti c al Me th o d of I norga ni c C he m i stry m o, *

. . , . 1 1 00
— a nd J a ggers, E M E l em entary C h em i stry . . . e mo, *x
00

Perri ne , F A C . . . Conduc tors for Elec tr ica l D istributi on 8 vo, *

3 50
 ’
D . V AN N O ST RAND CO MP ANY S S H O RT T T L E CA T ALOG
- I

Pe tit, G . Whi te Lea d a nd l i ne White Pa ints . 8 vo,

Petit , R . How to B uild an Aer o pla ne . Tra ns by . T . O B ’
.

Hubbard, a nd J H Ledeb oer . . s y o,

Pettit , L ie ut .
J 8 . . Gra phi c Processes .
(Sc ie nce Se ries No .

1 6 1110,

Philbric k , P H . . Beams a nd Girders .

(Scien ce Seri es No .

1 6m o ,

Philli ps , 1 G o ld Assa yi ng . 8 vo,

D a ngerous Goods . . 8 vo,
Phin J Seven Follies of Sc ience
, . m 0, 1z

Pi c kworth C N The I ndi ca tor Ha ndb ook

, . . . Two Volume s
1 2m 0, ea c h ,

L ogari thm s for Begi nners . 1 2 1110, b oa rds ,

The Slide Rule 1 2m0 ,

Pla ttner s Ma nual of B l owpipe Ana lysi s

’
Eighth E diti on t e .
,

vi se d Tra ns by H B . 8 vo . . .
,

Plym pton G W The Aneroid Ba r ometer (Science

, . . .

How to becom e a n Engi neer (Sc ience Serie s No . .

1 6 m 0,

Va n No stra n d s T a bl e ’
Book .
( Sci ence Seri es No .

1 6 111 0,

P oc het M ,
. L . Steam I njectors . Tra nsla te d fr om the Frenc h .

( Sc i ence Se r i e s No . 1 6 m 0,

Poc ket L ogarithm s to F our Pla ces . ( Sc i ence Seri e s ) . . . 16 m0,

l ea ther ,

F Dressings and Finishings for Textile Fab rics 8 vo

Polleyn, . .
,

Pop e F G Orga ni c Chemi str y

, . . xa n o ,

Pope F L Modern Pra cti ce of the Electri c Tele gra ph

, . . 8 vo .
,

Poppl ew e ll , W . CPreventi on of Smoke

. 8 v o,
— Strength of Ma teri a l s . . 8 vo,
Porritt , B . D . The C he mi stry of Rubber . ( Ch em i ca l Mon o
gra phs N0 , . 1 z mo .
,

Porter J R Hel icopter Flyi ng Ma chi ne

, . xa n o ,

Potts, H E Chemi stry

. . of the Rub b er Indus try .
( Outlin es of

c
Pra ti ca l Compounding of Oils Ta ll ow a n d Grea se ,
 ’
34 VA N N O ST R AN D CO MP A N Y S S H O RT T T L E C A T ALOG
- I

Pra tt, K Boiler Draught

.

— B igh Spee d Stea m En gi nes 8 vo . .

,

Pra y T Jr
, . Twenty Years with the Indi ca tor
, . 8 170 2 , so
Stea m Ta b le s a n d Engi ne Consta nt 8 vo 2 ,

Pr eli n i C Earth a n d Roc k Exca va ti on 8 vo ‘

, .
3 ,

Gra phi ca l Determ ina ti on of Ea rth Sl o pes 8 vo ‘2 ,

.

T unneli ng New E di tion . 8 vo ,

D redgi ng A Pra cti ca l T rea ti s e 8 vo ‘ 3

.
,

Pre scott A B Orga nic Ana lysis

, . . 8 vo 5 ”
,
00
a n d J o h n son 0 C Q ua li ta tiv eCh en ii ca l An a l y si s 8 vo
*
, 3 . . .
, 50
a n d Sulli v a n E C F irst Book i n Q ua li ta ti ve C hem i stry
, . .

12 m 0,
Prid e aux, E B R . . . Pro bl em s in Phys i ca l Chem is try 8 vo , 2
*

Pri m ro s e, G S C . . . Z i nc ( Me ta llurgy
.
( In P r es s .
)
Pri nce G T Flow of Wa ter
, . . 1 2 111 0 2 .
,
*
00

Pullen W W F Appli ca ti on of Gra phic Methods to the De sign

,
. . .

of Str uc ture s 1 2m 0 .
, 50
I njec tors : Theory Construc ti on a n d Worki ng 1 2m 0
‘ 1 , , 50
I n di ca tor D i a gra m s sy o *
2 , 50
En gi ne T esti ng 8 vo *
4 , 50
Pulsifer W H Note s for a History of Lea d
, . .8 vo 4 , 00

Putsc h A Ga s a n d Coa l dust Fir in g

- 8 vo ‘ 00
,
.
3 “
,

Pync h on T R I n tro duc ti on to C he m i c a l Physi c s

,
. . 8 vo 3 ,

Ra fter , G . W Mec ha nic s of Ventila tion

. .
(Sc ience Seri es No .

1 6mo ,

Pota b le Wa ter ( Sc ie nce Se rie s No 1 03 . . . 16 m 0,

T rea tm ent of Se pti c Sewa ge ( Sc i ence . Seri e s No
.

16 m0,
a nd Ba k er M N , . . Se wa ge D i s po s a l i n the United Sta te s
*
d o, 6 00

Ra ike s , H P D ispo sa l Works

. . Se wa ge 8 vo , 00

Ra n da u , P Ena m els a n d Ena m elli ng

. 8 vo, *
4 00
Ra nki ne W J M Applie d , . . . . 8 vo, 5 00
C ivil Engineeri ng . 8 vo , 6 50
Ma c hinery a n d 5 00
Th e Stea m -engi ne a nd Other Pri m e Movers 5 00
a n d B a m b er E F A Mecha n i c a l T extb ook , . .
3 50
 ’
3 6 0 . VAN NO ST RA ND CO MPAN Y S SH R T I T L E CA T A LOG
O T -

Re iser, F Ha rdening
. en d Tempering of Stee l . Tra ns by A. .

Morris a n d H Rob son 1 2m 0 . . .

,

Re iser N Fa ults 1n the Ma nufa c ture of Woolen Goods Tra ns

'
. .
, .

by A Morris a nd H Robson . 8 vc .
,

Spi nn i ng a n d Wea vi ng Ca lc ula ti ons svc .

,

Renwic k W G , Ma rble a nd Ma rble Worki ng

. . 8 vo ,

Reul ea ux F Th e C on struc tor T ra ns b y H H Supl ee 4to

, . . . . . . .
,

Reuterdahl A Theory a nd D es ign of Rei nforced Concrete

, .

Arch e s 8 vo .
,

Re yn olds a n d Ide ll
, F E Triple E xpa nsion E ngines , . . .

( Sc ience Serie s No 1 6 m0 .
,

Rh ea d G F Sim pl e Structura l Woodwork

, . . 1 21n 0 . .
,

t d es 11 J , Art of Li thogra phy

. 8 vo .
,

Rice J M a n d J ohnson W W A New Method of Obta i n i ng

, .
, ,
. .

the Di fi erenti a l of F unc ti on s 1 2 m0 .

,

Ri cha rds W A Forgi ng of Iron a nd Steel

, . 1 2 m0
.
,

Richard s W A a nd North H B M a n ua l of Cemen t T e sti ng

.

, . .
, ,
. .
,

12 m0,
Ri c har dson, J The Mod ern Stea m E ngi ne . 8 vo,
Ri cha rdson, S S Ma gne ti sm a nd E l ec tri c i ty
. . 12 m0,
Ridenl, S G lue a n d Glue Te sti ng
. . svc ,
Rimmer, E J Boil er Expl osi ons, . Colla p se s and Mi sha p s 8 v0 .
,

Rin gs F Concrete i n Th eory a nd P ra cti ce

, . 1 2m0 .
,

Re i nforced Concre te B ridge s 4to . .

,

Ripper W Course o fI nstructi on i n Ma chine D ra wing

, . foli o . .
,

Ro berts F C F igure of the Earth

, .
( Sc i
. ence Se r ie s No . .

1 6 m 0,

Roberts , J .
, J r. La bora tory Work in Electri ca l Engineering
8 vo,
Robertson, L S W ater -tube Boil ers . 8 vo
. .
,

Robi nson, J B Archi tec tura l C om pos i ti on

. . sy o .
,

Ro bi nson S W Pra cti ca l Trea ti se on the T eeth of Wh eel s

, . . .

( Sc i en ce Ser i es N o 1 6 m 0 . ,

Ra ilroa d Economics ( Sc i enc e Seri es No 1 6 1n o . . .

,

Wrought I ron Bridge Memb ers ( Science Seri e s No . .

. 1 6 1110, 0 50
 ’
D . VA N N O ST R A ND CO MPA N Y S S H O RT T T L E CA T A LOG
- I
37

Robs on, J H Ma chi ne Drawing and Sketchi ng . sy o 50 ,

‘1
R oe bling , J A L ong a n d Sh ort Spa n Ra ilwa y Bridges
. . folio 25 00 .
,

Rogers A A La bora tory Guide of I n dustr ial C hemi stry 1 2m 0 ‘1 so

, .
,
.

El ements of I n dustri a l C hemi stry 1 2m0

‘2 50 ,
"'
I n d us trial Chemi stry s
Rogers F Ma gn etism of Ir on Vesse ls
, .
(Sc ience Ser ies No . .

1 61110,

Rohlund, P Colloi da l an d i ts Crys talloi dal State of Matter

. .

Trans by W J Bri tlan d an d H E P o tts . 1 2m0 . . . .

,
‘1 25
Rolli n s W ,
N otes on X -Light . 8 vo .
,
v
s 00

Rolli nson C Al pha bets , . oblon g 1 2m 0 , 00

’
Rose J,
The Pa ttern m a kers Assista nt
.
- 8 170 .
,
2 50
K ey to Engi ne s a n d Engi ne-runni ng 1 2 m0 ,
2 50
The Prec i ous Me tal s ‘2
Ro se T K
, . .
( W estm i nster Serie s ) 8 vo . . .
, 00

Rosen ha i n W Gla ss Ma nufa c ture ( We stm i n ster Serie s ) 8 y o

L . . .
,
‘2 00
Phy ei ca l Meta ll urgy An I n trod ucti on to ( Meta ll urgy ,

Seri e s ) . 8 110 ,
*
3 so
Ro th W A Physi ca l C h emi s try
, . . 8 vo .
,
*2
00

Roth ery G C a n d E dmond s II 0 Th e Modern La un dry

, . .
, , . . .

2 vo l s 4to ha l f l ea th er , ,

Rowan F J Pra cti cal Physic s of the Mo d ern Ste am -b oiler 8 v0

, . . .
, 3 00
— a nd Ide ll F E B o il er I ncrusta ti on a nd Corros i on, . . .

( Sci ence Seri e s No 1 6m 0 .

,

Roxb urgh W Genera l Foundry Pra cti ce

, ( We stmi ns ter
. .

Seri e s ) . 8 vo .
,

Ru hm er E Wirele ss Te le ph ony
, .Tra ns by J Erski ne . . .

Murra y .
8 vo ,
Ru ssell , A . Theory of E lec tri c Ca ble s a nd Netw orks 8 vo ,
Rntl ey , F . El em ents of M i nera logy 12 m 0,

Sa nfor d, P G . . Nitt o-e xplos ives . . 8 v0,

Sa un ders, C . H . Ha n db ook of Pra cti ca l Mec ha nics 1 6 m 0,

lea ther ,

Sa yers , H H Bra kes for Tra m Cars

. . . . 8 v0,
Sc heele C W C hem i ca l Essays
, . . . 8 v0,
Schei thauer W Sha l e Oi ls a nd Ta re
. .

. 0 0 0 0
,
0

Sc herer R Ca sei n Trans by C Sa lter

, . . . . . 8 vo,
 ’
3 8 D . VA N NO ST R A ND CO M P A N Y S S H O RT-T IT L E CATA LOG

Schi d rowi tz , P . Rubber, Its Prod ucti on a nd I ndustria l Use s,

8 vo,
‘1 25
Sc hma ll, C . N First C ourse
. ih Ana lyti c
. G eometry Pla ne a n d ,

1 2 m 0 ha lf l ea ther
, ,

Schmnll, C . N and Sc ha c k, S II . . Ele m ents of Pla ne G eo me try

12 m 0,
Schmeer, L Fl ow of Wa ter . . 8 vo,
Sc huma nn , F A Ma nua l of Hea tin g . and Venti la ti on .

12 m 0, lea ther ,

Sc hwartz , E H L Ca usa l Geology . . . . . . 8 vo,

Sc hwei z er V D isti lla ti on of Res i ns
, . 8 vo ,
Sco tt W W Q ua li ta ti ve A nal ys i s
, . . . A La bora tory Ma nual ,
*
8 y o, 1 50
T echni cal Methods of Ana lysi s 8 7 0 ( I n P r es s ) .

Scrib ner J M Engi neers a nd Mec ha ni c s Com pa ni on

‘ ’ ’
. . .
,

1 6 m o l ea th er , ,

Sc udd er H E lectri ca l Con d ucti vi ty and I oni z a ti on C onsta nts

, .

of Orga ni c Compound s 8 v0 .
°
.
,

Se arl e A B , Mo d ern B rickma king

. . 8 vo ,

Cem ent C oncrete a nd Bri cks , 8y o ,

Sea rle G M
, Sum ners Me th o d
.
’ ”
.Conden sed a n d I mpr oved . .

( Sci ence Seri e s No 1 6 m0 . ,

Sea ton A E ,Ma nua l of Ma ri ne Engi neeri ng

. . t 8 vo .
,

Se a ton A E a n d Roun thwa ite H M Poc ke t b oo k of Ma ri ne

, . .
,
-
, . .

En gi neeri ng 1 6 m0 l ea ther .
, ,

Seeligmann T Torrilhon G L a n d F , alconn et .H I n dia

, , . .
, , .

Rubber a n d Gutta Per c ha Tra ns by J G McIntosh . . . .

8 vo, ‘5 00

Se idell , A Solu iliti es of I norga ni c a n d Or a ni c Su

. b g bsta nces 8 vo, *
3 00
Seligma n, R Alum i num ( Meta ll urgy Seri es )
. .
( In P r es s ) .

Sell ew, W . H . Steel Ra il s . .

4to,
*1 2
50
Ra ilwa y Ma i ntena nce Engi neeri ng 1 2 m0 ,
*
2 50
Sen ter G O utlin e s of Phy si cal Chemi stry 1 2m 0
‘1
, . , 75
T e xtb ook of Inorga ni c Ch emi stry 1 2m0
‘1
, 75
Sever G F Elec tri c Engi neeri ng E xpe ri m ents
. . 8 vo b oa rd s ‘1 00
, , ,

a n d T own se n d F La b ora tory a n d Fa ctory Tests i n E l ec, .

tr ica l En gi nee ri ng 8 yo .
,
 ’
40 u . VAN N OST R AN D CO MP ANY S SH O R T T T L E C A T ALOG
- I

‘1 00

1 21110, ‘1 00

1 21110, 50
Smi th, FE . . Ha n db ook 01 General Instructi on for Mec ha ni c s .

1 2 m 0, 1 50
Smi th, R Mi neral . and the Mi croscoln
. G 1z u o
.
,
25

Smi th J C Manufa cture of Pa i nt . 8 vo ‘ 3 50

. .
,
.
,

Smi th R H , Pri nci pl es of Ma ch i ne Work

.
1 2m0
.
,

Ad va nced Ma chi ne Work 1 2m0

*
3 , 00

Sm ith W , C hemi stry of Ha t Ma nufa c turing

. 1 2 1110
‘
3 , 00

Snell A T
, Electri c Moti ve
. . 00

Snow W G Pock etbook of Stem Hea ti ng and Ventila ti o n

,
. .
,

(In P ress ) .

Snow, WG . .
, and Nola n, T . Ventila ti on of Buildings .
(Sci ence
Series No . 16 m 0,
Soddy, F . Ra di oa ctivi ty 8 vo ,
Sol o m on , 11 . Electri c
( W estminster 8 vo La mps . .
,

Som erscal es A N Mecha ni cs for Mari ne E ngi neers 1 2m0

, . .
,

Mecha ni ca l and Mari ne E ngi neeri ng Sci ence 8 vo ,

Soth ern J W The Ma ri ne Stea m T urbi ne

, . 8 vo ,

Verba l Notes and Sk etches for Mari ne E ngi neers 8 vo . .

,

So thern J W a nd Soth ern R H

, E l ementary Ma thema ti cs
.
, ,
. .

for Mari ne E ngi neers 1 2m0 ,

Si mple Problem i n Mari ne E ngi neeri ng Design 1 2m0 .

,

Southcomb e J E Ch emi stry of the Oil Industries

, . 011t .

l i nes of In dustria l C hemi stry ) 8 v0 . .

,

So xhl et D H , Dyeing a nd Sta ining Marb le

. . T rans by A . . .

Morris and H Robson 8 v0

. . . . .
,

Spa ng H W A Pra cti ca l Trea tise on L igh

, . . tn i ng Protecti on 1 2 m 0 .
,

Span gen b nrg L Fatig11e of Meta ls Tra nslated b y S H

, . . . .

Shre ve ( Scien ce Set i e s N 0 . 1 6 m 0 .

,

Specht, G J Hardy A S Hcl a ster J B and Wa lling

. .
,
Topo
, .
, . .
, .

gra phical Surveying (Sci en ce Serie s No x6 u c . .

,

Spenc er A S D
, esi gn o Steel Framed Shed s
f .
- . 8 vo . .
,

Speyers C L , Text-book of Physi ca l C hemi stry

. . 8 vo . .
,

Spi e g el L Chemi cal C onsti tuti on a nd Ph ysi ologi ca l Acti on

, . .

( Tra ns b y C L n ede k i n g a n d A C B o
.
yl ston ) 1 2 m
. 0 . . . .
,
 ’
D . VA N NO ST RA ND C O MPA N Y S 5 11 0111 4 11 121 C A T ALOG 4 1

Sp rague, E H Hydra uli cs . . 1 m m,

Stabi li ty of Ma sonry 1 2m0,

Stahl, A . W . Transmissi on of Power. (Science Series No .

16 m0,
a nd Woods , A T . . Elementa ry Mecha nism 1 2m 0,
‘2 00

Stale y, C , 2nd Pierson,

. G S The Sepa ra te System ofSewera ge
. . .

8 vo, ‘ 00
3
ge Ma nua l ’ ‘ 0
Sta n da , H C . . 8 voLea therworkers , 3 5
Sea li ng Wa xes Wa ters a nd Other Adhesi ves svc ‘2 00
, , ,

Aggluti na nts of All Ki n d s for All Purp oses 1 2m0

*
3 50 ,

Stanl ey H Pra cti ca l Appli e d Phys i c s

, .
( In P r ess ) .

Su nab ie J H Ir on a n d Stee l ( Westmi nster Series )

. . 8 vo ‘ 2 00 . .
, ,
.

Stea dma n F M Un it Ph otogra phy

,
. 1 2m0
*
. 2 00 ,

Stechet G E Cork , Its Origi n a nd I n d ustri a l Us e s 1 2m0

. . 1 00 . . .
,

Steinman D B Susp e nsi on B ri dg e s an d Cantil evers (Sci ence

, . . .

Seri e s No 0 50 .

— M ela n’s Stee l Arch e s a n d Sus p e nsi on Bridg e s 8y o *

3 00 ,

Ste vens H P Pa pe1 M ill C he mi st

. . 1 6 mo
‘ 2 50 “ .
, .

Steven s J S ,Theory of Mea s urem ents

. . 1 2m 0
*1 2
5 ,

Stevenson J L -
Bla st Fur na ce C a lcula ti ons
. 1 2m 0 lea the1
.
* 2 00
, .
, ,
.

Stewart G Moder n Stea m Tra ps

. 1 2m0
‘ 1 25
, ,

Stiles A Ta ble s for Fie ld E ngi neers

, . 1 2111 0 1 00 .
,

Stod ola A Stea m Turb i nes

, . Tra ns by L C Loe wenste i n 8 vc 00 . . . .
,

Stone H , The Tim bers of Co mm erce

. 8yo 3 50 ,

St0pes M Anc ient Pla nts . 8 vo ‘ 2 00

, .
,

The Study of Plant Life ‘ 2 00 .

Stump f Prof ,
Una Fl ow Stea m E ngi ne
- .
4to
*
3 50 . .
,

Sudb or ough J J a n d Ja m e s T C , Pra cti ca l Orga n i c C he m

. .
, . .

istr y 1 2m 0,

Suming, E R Trea tise on the Art of Gla ss Pa inti ng

. . sy o ,

Sulli va n T V a nd Und erwoo d N T e sti n g a n d Va l ua ti on

,
. .
, , .

of B ui l d i n g a nd En gi neeri n g M a teri a l s ( I n P r ess ) .

8 111 F J S
, . Oi l Pro specti n g a n d E xtra cti n g
. 8 vo * 1 00 ,

Svenson, C L Ha nd book on Pipi ng . .

( I n P res s ) .

Swa n K , Pa tents De signs a n d Tra de Ma rks

.
( We stm inster , .

. 8 vo, ‘2 00
 ’
4 2 u . V AN NO ST RAN D CO MPAN Y S SH R - O TT L
IT E C ATA LO G

Swi nburne, J Wording

.ham, , C H . .
, a nd Ma rtin ,
T C
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Curren ts .
( Science Series No . 1 6 m 0,

Swoop e, C . W . Les son s i n Pra cti ca l El ec tri c ity 12 m 0,

Ta i lfer, L . Cotton Ya rn a nd Fa bri cs 8 vo

B lea chi ng Li nen a nd .
,

T a te J S Sn
,
rch n.r ge d a n d Di fi er en t F o rm s of Re ta i n i n g -wa ll s .

( Sc i enc e S e r i e s N o 1 6 m0 .
, 0 50
Ta y lor F N Sm a ll W a ter Suppli e s 1 2 m0
1
‘

, . .
,
2
Ma sonry i n C ivil Engi neeri ng 8 vo .
,
*
2 50
Surveyor s Ha n d boo k
’
1 2m0 l ea th er
*
Ta y lor T U , . .
, , 2

B a ckb one of P ersp ective 1 2m 0 ,

*
1

T a y l or W P,
Pra cti ca l Cem ent T e sti ng
. . 8vo ,
*
3
T empl eton W Pra cti ca l Mecha ni c s Work sh op Compa nion
,
’
.
,

12 m 0, m orocco,
T enney ,
T es t Method s for Stea m P ow er Pla n ts
E . H . .

( Va n No s tra n d s T extbook s )
’
1 2m 0 * 2 50 .
,

T erry H L I n dia Rubber a nd i ts Ma nufa cture ( West

, . . .

m i ns ter Seri es ) 8 vo .
,

Tha yer H R Structura l Design

,
. . 8 110 ,

Vol I .El em ents of Structura l Des ign

. 2

Vol II Design of Sim pl e Structures

. .
4 00
Vol III D es ign of A d va nce d Struc ture s
. .
( I n P r epa r a ti o n ) .

— Fo un da ti on s a n d Ma sonr
y ( In P r epa r a ti o n ) .

Thi ess J B a nd J oy G A T oll T el ephone Pra cti ce 8vo 3 50

, .
,
*
, . . . .
,

Thom C a nd Jones W H T el egra phic Connecti ons

, .
, , . . .

o blong 1 2 m0, 1 50
Thoma s C W p
,
kers Ha n dbook.
( 111 P r ess )
. Pa er-ma ’
.

Thompson A B Oi l Fi elds of Rus sia

,
.
4to
*
7 50
.
,

Oi l Fi eld Devel opment a nd P etrol eum M i ni n g sy o *

7 50 . .
,

Thomp son S P Dyna mo El ectri c Ma chi nes

, ( Sc ience
. . .

Seri es No . 16 m0 ,

Thomp son W , . P . Ha n d book of Pa tent La w of All C ountri es ,

16 m0,
Thom son, M od ern Sa ni ta ry Engi neeri n g
G . 12 m0,
Thom son Milk a nd Crea m T e s ti ng
, G S . . . . 12 m 0,
- Mod ern Sa n i ta ry Engi neeri n g Hous e Dra i na g e , ,
etc . . sv c ,
 ’
44 D . VAN NO STRAN D CO MPAN Y S 3 110111 4 11 14 1 C ATA LOG

T urnbul l J r J and Robi nson 8 W A Treati se on

, .
, , . . the
C o poun d Ste engi ne ( Sci ence Seri es No
m e m - . .

16 m0,
T urner, H . Worsted Sp i nners Handb ook ’
. 00

T urri ll , S . M El ementary C ourse i n Perspecti ve

. 12 m0, 25
*
. 8 vo, 3 00
Tyrrell H G ,
a nd C onstructi on
. . Desi gn of Mill Bui l di ngs 8 vo ,
*
4 00
Concrete Bri dges a nd C ul verts 1 6 m0 l e a th er
, ,
‘
3 00

Arti sti c Bri dg e D esign . . 8 vo, *

3 00

Und erhi ll , C R . . Sol e noid s , E l ectroma gnets a nd Electroma g

eti c W i ndi g n n s 12 m0, *
2 00

Und erwood N a nd Sul li va n T V , .

, , . . C hemi stry a nd T ec h
nol ogy of Pri nti n g I nk s 8 vo,
U rq uha rt J W E l ectro pl a ti ng
-
, . . 12 m0,
E l ectrotypi ng 1 2m0

O sborne P O G De s ign of Si m pl e
,
. . . Steel Bridge s . . 8 vo,

V a cher F Food I n spector s Ha n d book

, .
’
12 m0, 3 00
Va n Nostra nd s C hemi c al A nn ua l Thir d i ssue
’
. 1 91 3 . Le a th er .

12 m0, *
2 50
Yea r Book of Mecha ni ca l Engi neeri ng Da ta ( In P . r ess .
)
Va n Wagenen T F Ma nua l of Hydra uli c M i n i ng 6 m0 , . . 1 , 1 00

V ega Ba ron Von Logari thmic T a bl es

,
8 vo c l o th
, .
, , 2 00

hal f mon , 2 50
Vi ncent , C . Ammoni a a nd i ts C ompounds . T rans . by M J . .

Sal ter . 8 vo,

Volk, C Ha ul a g e a nd W i ndi ng Applia nce s
. 8 vo,
Von Georgi evi cs, G C h emi ca l T ech nol o gy of . T extil e Fi bres .

Tra ns b y C Sal ter 8 vo . .

,

Chemi stry of Dyestufi s Trans by C Sa l ter sy o . . .

,

Vose G L Graphi c Method for Solvi ng C erta i n Q ue stions i n

, . .

Ari thmeti c and Algebra ( Sci ence Seri es No . .

16 m0 ,

Vosma er, A . Oz one 8 vo,

Wa b ner R Ventil a ti on i n Mines

. . Trans by C Sa l ter
. . . . 8 vo, ‘4 50
,

W ad e E S con d B tt i ‘
, .
J e a
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 ’
0 . VAN N O ST R AND CO M P A N Y S S H O RT T T L E C AT ALOG
- I
45

We dm ore J M E l ementa ry C h emi ca l Theory

, . 1 2m0
.
,

Wadsworth C P1 i 1na 1y Ba ttery Igni ti on

, . 1 21n 0 ,

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