Laws for Circuit Analysis

- Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

- Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

Methods of Circuit Analysis

- Mesh Analysis (Loop Analysis)
- Node Analysis (Junction Analysis)

Node Analysis (Junction Analysis)

Lecture 5-6: Circuit Analysis using KCL

Quick Review : KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL)

 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that the algebraic summation of voltage

drops across all the components around any closed loop of a network is
zero

VA  VB
I
R1  R2

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Quick Review : Mesh Analysis (Example 6)
 Determine the current flowing through 5Ω, 2Ω and 10 Ω
5Ω 2Ω

5A
20 V I1 10 Ω I2

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Quick Review: Mesh Analysis (Example 6)
 Evaluating Mesh Currents I1 and I2
5Ω 2Ω

5A
20 V I1 10 Ω I2

 Applying KVL to MESH 1: 20  5I1  10 I1  10 I 2

I1  2 A
20  15I1  10 I 2
 Applying KVL to MESH 2: I 2  5 A I2  5 A

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Quick Review: Mesh Analysis (Example 6)
 Evaluating currents flowing through 5Ω, 2Ω and 10 Ω
5Ω 2Ω

5A
20 V I1 10 Ω I2

 I 5  I1  2 A
I 2  I 2  5 A
I10  I1  I 2  3 A

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 10 Ω

What is current and voltage developed across various

components of the given network ??

Node Analysis (Junction Analysis)

Based on Kirchhoff’s Current Law: analysis of

current at different nodes of a network
KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW (KCL)
 Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the algebraic summation of
current entering a junction (node) of a network is equal to the
summation of currents leaving a junction (node)
 Alternatively, it states that the summation of currents meeting at a
Junction is zero

 KCL equation at Node A is given as:

Total current
Total current leaving
entering the junction
the junction

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Node Analysis (Example 1)
 Determine the current flowing through 5Ω, 2Ω and 10 Ω

5Ω 2Ω

8V
20 V 10 Ω

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Node Analysis (Example 1)
 Step 1: Identifying the nodes and writing the KCL equation for
each node
5Ω (Node A) VA 2Ω

I1 I3
8V
20 V I2 10 Ω

(Reference Node) Vref = 0 V

 Applying KCL to Node A: I1  I 2  I 3 Current Equation

20  VA VA VA  8 Node Voltage
 
5 10 2 Equation

VA  10 V Voltage at Node A

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Node Analysis (Example 1)
 Step 2: Determining the branch currents I1, I2 and I3
5Ω (Node A) VA 2Ω

I1 I3
8V
20 V I2 10 Ω

(Reference Node) Vref = 0 V

 20  VA
I1  I 5  2A
5 VA  8
I3  I 2  1 A
VA 2
I 2  I10  1 A
10
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Node Analysis (Example 2)
 Determine the current flowing through 5Ω, 2Ω and 10 Ω

5Ω (Node A) VA 2Ω

I1 I2
5A
20 V I3 10 Ω

(Reference Node) Vref = 0 V

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Node Analysis (Example 2)
 KCL equation for Node A

5Ω (Node A) VA 2Ω

I1 I2
5A
20 V I3 10 Ω

(Reference Node) Vref = 0 V

 Applying KCL at Node A:
I1  I 2  I 3
VA  30 V
20  VA V
5  A
5 10

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Node Analysis (Example 2)
 Determining the branch currents I1, I2 and I3

20  30
I1  I 5   2 A
5 VA
I 3  I10  3A
10
I 2  I 2  5 A

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Ques. 1
 Determine the current flowing through various resistances in the
given circuit using Node Analysis

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Ques. 2
 Determine the current flowing through various resistances in the
given circuit using
 Node Analysis

 Mesh Analysis

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Ans. 2 (using Node analysis)

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Ans. 2 (using Mesh analysis)

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Ans. 2 (using Mesh Analysis)

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Ques. 3
 Determine the current flowing through various resistances in the
given circuit using
 Node Analysis

 Mesh Analysis

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Ans. 3 (using Node analysis)

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Ans. 3 (using Mesh analysis)

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