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Self – Reliance Ralph Waldo Emerson

About Author:
Ralph Waldo Emerson was a prominent American essayist, poet, and philosopher of the 19th
century. He was a leading figure of the transcendentalist movement and his ideas about self-
reliance, individualism, and nature continue to influence contemporary thought.

About Essay:
"Self-Reliance" is an essay written by American philosopher and writer Ralph Waldo Emerson in
1841. The essay is part of a collection of essays that he had published under the title "Essays:
First Series." The central theme of the essay is individualism and self-reliance, and Emerson
encourages readers to rely on themselves and their own intuition rather than conforming to
society's expectations or relying on external sources of authority. The essay has had a
significant influence on American thought and culture and is considered a classic work of
American literature.

Summary:
The first paragraph discusses the importance of trusting one's own thoughts and beliefs, even if
they go against popular opinion. It suggests that great works of art and genius are often born
from these rejected thoughts, and that one should learn to recognize and cultivate their own
inner light. The text warns against dismissing one's own thoughts simply because they are
personal, and encourages individuals to have the courage to speak their own convictions, as they
may ultimately become universal truths.

The second paragraph highlights the importance of self-reliance and individuality in a person's
education. It emphasizes that envy and imitation are hindrances to personal growth and
success. A person must recognize their own abilities and work hard to achieve their goals. The
text encourages people to find their unique power and potential, and to put their heart into their
work to attain inner peace and happiness.

The third paragraph advises the reader to trust themselves and their own inner guidance. It
encourages them to accept their place in life, including their relationships and the
circumstances that surround them. Great men throughout history have done the same,
recognizing the trustworthy nature of their inner genius and allowing it to guide their actions
and decisions.

The fourth paragraph suggests that one should focus on what they need to do, rather than
worrying about the opinions of others. This rule is applicable in both personal and professional
life and is the key difference between greatness and mediocrity. It is a difficult rule to follow
because people often think they know what's best for us. Living according to the world's opinion
is easy, but a great person is someone who can maintain their independence of thought even in a
crowd.

The fifth paragraph encourages individuals to value their own uniqueness and to never imitate
others. It highlights the importance of cultivating one's own gifts, rather than adopting the
talents of others. The author emphasizes that each great person is unique and cannot be
replicated by simply studying them. The text also advises individuals to do what is assigned to
them, abide by the simple and noble regions of their life, obey their heart, and they will be able
to reproduce the creative world again.

The sixth paragraph suggests that society goes through continuous changes, but this change is
not necessarily for the better. As society acquires new arts, it also loses old instincts. The author
highlights the contrast between the modern civilized man with all his possessions and the
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primitive man with very little possessions but strong physical health. The author argues that the
modern man has lost his innate strength due to the changes brought about by civilization. The
author concludes by stating that a primitive man can recover from physical injuries much more
quickly than a modern man.

The seventh paragraph highlights the irony of modern civilization where humans have
developed advanced tools and technologies but have lost the basic skills and abilities that were
once essential for survival. The author mentions that people have become dependent on
crutches, watches, and almanacs to navigate their lives, but have lost the ability to tell time by
the sun or observe celestial events. Furthermore, the use of note-taking has adversely affected
people's memory. The author suggests that modern man has become too reliant on technology,
and as a result, has lost touch with the natural world.

Difficult words from the first paragraph of the original text.

English Urdu Definition Urdu
1. conviction ‫ نیقی‬a strong belief or opinion
2. universal ‫ اعریگمل‬applicable to everyone or everything
3. inmost ‫ ادنروین‬deepest, most personal, or secret
4. outmost ‫ ریبوین‬farthest from the center, outermost
5. detect ‫ اتپاگالن‬to discover or identify something
6. gleam ‫ کمچ‬a brief or faint light or ray
7. lustre ‫ روینش‬a gentle sheen or soft glow
8. sphere ‫ رکہ‬a round-shaped object or space
9. dismiss ‫ اخرجر کان‬to reject or disregard something or someone
10. rejected ‫ رتسمددشہ‬not accepted or approved
11. alienated ‫ ایبنج‬feeling isolated or separated from others
12. majesty ‫ اشنووشتک‬impressive or grandeur
13. affecting ‫ اتمرثنک‬having a strong emotional impact or influence
14. good-humored ‫ وخشزماج‬friendly, cheerful or easygoing
15. inflexibility ‫ ےبوالچیئ‬unwillingness to change or be flexible

Difficult words from the second paragraph of the original text.

English Urdu Definition
16. conviction ‫دیقعہ‬ A firmly held belief or opinion
17. envy ‫ دسح‬A feeling of discontent or covetousness with regard to
someone else's advantages, possessions, or success
18. imitation ‫ دیلقت‬The action of copying or mimicking someone or
something
19. suicide ‫ وخدیشک‬The act of intentionally causing one's own death
20. portion ‫ہصح‬ A part or share of the whole
21. universe ‫اکانئت‬ All existing matter and space as a whole, regarded as a
whole
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22. nourishing ‫ذغایئ‬ Promoting growth, development, and maintenance of the

body
23. toil ‫تنحم‬ Hard work, especially manual labor
24. resides ‫ ایقمرکاتےہ‬To be present or found in a particular place or situation
25. relieved ‫ آرام‬No longer feeling distressed or anxious; reassured

Difficult words from the third paragraph of the original text.

English Word Urdu English Meaning
26. providence ‫ دقریتہلصیف‬The protective care or guidance of God or nature as a
spiritual power
27. contemporaries ‫رصنی‬L People who live or exist at the same time as another
person
28. confined ‫ دحمود‬Limited to a particular area or group of people
29. perception ‫ ادراک‬The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something
through the senses
30. predominating ‫ ربرتی‬Exercising controlling or dominating power or
influence

Difficult words from the fourth paragraph of the original text.

Difficult Word English meaning Urdu
31. arduous Difficult or tiring ‫زیتمح‬،‫رپاشیننک‬،‫لکشم‬
32. independence Freedom from control, influence, or support ‫ وخداتخمری‬،‫آزاد ی‬
.
33. meanness Lack of generosity; small-mindedness ‫س‬ . ‫خسی‬
‫مکاالخیق‬،‫دبیقلخ‬،‫ی‬
34. sweetness Pleasantness; agreeableness ‫ دیشکل‬،‫وخوگشاری‬
35. solitude State of being alone or isolated ‫دحیلعیگ‬،‫وادحیگ‬،‫اہنتیئ‬

Difficult words from the fifth paragraph of the original text.

Word English Definition Urdu
36. insist To demand firmly or persistently ‫لکلیمتحوطررپدروخاتسرکان‬.‫ب‬،‫اقلئرانہ‬
37. imitate To copy or mimic someone or something ‫یسکصخشایےئشیکلقنرکا ن‬،‫دیلقترکان‬
38. cumulative Increasing or growing in quantity or degree by ‫ڑبیتھدعتادایدرہجےکاسھتڑبانھ‬،‫یلیمکت‬،‫ومجمیع‬
successive additions
39. unique One of a kind, having no equal or equivalent ‫وجیسکدورسےیکرطحںیہن‬،‫ےبریظن‬،‫ےباثمل‬
40. reproduce To create or make a copy of something again ‫دوا برہدیپارکان۔الصاکلقن‬،‫دور ہاان‬،‫دوا برہانبان‬،‫دوا برہدیپارکان‬
‫اثملانبان‬،‫لقنانبرکدیپارکان‬،‫انبان‬

Difficult words from the sixth paragraph of the original text.

Word English Definition Urdu Translation
41. barbarous uncivilized, primitive ‫ےبروزاگر‬،‫ویشح‬،‫اجالہہن‬
42. aboriginal native, indigenous ‫اقمیم‬،‫دجدییںیہن‬،‫ایلص‬
43. instincts innate behaviors, natural tendencies ‫رطفیاعدںیت‬،‫رغزیے‬
44. undivided not separated or shared ‫سیلس‬،‫ریغمیسقتدشہ‬
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45. savage uncivilized, wild, fierce ‫رکہتخ‬،‫یلگنج‬،‫ویشح‬

Difficult words from the seventh paragraph of the original text.

Word English Definition Urdu
46. crutches Devices used to support someone who has ‫ڑھکےوہےنںیمدمداگر‬
difficulty walking
47. equinox A time when day and night are of equal length ‫دوو نںںیمرباربوتق‬
48. solstice A time when the sun reaches its highest or lowest ‫رگیمایرسدیا کوممس‬
point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest
and shortest days
49. almanac A calendar with information about the phases of ‫اکیمسقاکوقتمی‬
the moon, tides, weather, and other astronomical
details
50. impair To weaken or damage something ‫زمکوررکان‬

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 What makes a man great according to the author?

Ans. According to the author, a person becomes great by trusting their own thoughts and
beliefs, even if they go against popular opinion. They should recognize and cultivate
their own inner light and have the courage to speak their own convictions. Great men
throughout history have accepted their place in life and have allowed their inner genius
to guide their actions and decisions. A great person is someone who can maintain their
independence of thought even in a crowd. The author also suggests that greatness is
achieved by focusing on what needs to be done rather than worrying about the opinions
of others.

Q.2 Why is self-reliance important for one’s development?

Ans. The author believes that self-reliance is essential for personal growth and success. Envy
and imitation are hindrances to individuality, and a person must recognize their own
abilities and work hard to achieve their goals. Self-reliance allows individuals to find
their unique power and potential, and to put their heart into their work to attain inner
peace and happiness. Living according to the world's opinion is easy, but a great person
is someone who can maintain their independence of thought even in a crowd. The
author suggests that self-reliance is the key difference between greatness and
mediocrity.

Q.3 What is the mark of genius according to the author?

Ans. According to the author, the mark of genius is the ability to recognize and trust one's own
inner guidance. Great men throughout history have done the same, recognizing the
trustworthy nature of their inner genius and allowing it to guide their actions and
decisions. The author also suggests that a great person is someone who can maintain
their independence of thought even in a crowd. The author emphasizes the importance
of valuing one's own uniqueness and cultivating one's own gifts, rather than imitating
others.

Q.4 What happens when a person doesn’t value his own qualities?
Ans. The author suggests that when a person doesn't value their own qualities, they become
imitators rather than creators. They lose their individuality and become dependent on
others for direction and guidance. They also become vulnerable to envy and the
opinions of others. The author believes that individuals must recognize their own
abilities and work hard to achieve their goals. They should find their unique power and
potential and put their heart into their work to attain inner peace and happiness.
 5

Q.5 Why does the author emphasize developing one’s own individuality?
Ans. The author emphasizes developing one's own individuality because it is essential for
personal growth and success. Envy and imitation are hindrances to individuality, and a
person must recognize their own abilities and work hard to achieve their goals. The
author suggests that greatness is achieved by focusing on what needs to be done rather
than worrying about the opinions of others. The author also emphasizes the importance
of valuing one's own uniqueness and cultivating one's own gifts, rather than imitating
others. By developing one's own individuality, a person can attain inner peace and
happiness.

Q.6 How can a person be happy according to the author?

Ans. The author suggests that a person can be happy by trusting their own inner light,
recognizing their unique power and potential, and cultivating their own gifts. They
should focus on what they need to do and not worry about the opinions of others. By
valuing their own uniqueness and obeying their heart, they will be able to reproduce the
creative world.

Q.7 “What I must do is all that concerns me, not what people think.” Do you agree to
this statement? Give reasons to your agreement or disagreement.
Ans. I agree with the statement, "What I must do is all that concerns me, not what people think."
This is because individuals have their own unique talents, abilities, and perspectives.
They should trust themselves and have the courage to speak their own convictions.
Living according to the world's opinion is easy, but a great person is someone who can
maintain their independence of thought even in a crowd.

Q.8 What kind of changes does a society undergo according to the author?
Ans. According to the author, society undergoes continuous changes, but these changes are not
necessarily for the better. As society acquires new arts, it also loses old instincts. The
modern civilized man has lost his innate strength due to the changes brought about by
civilization. Furthermore, modern man has become too reliant on technology, and as a
result, has lost touch with the natural world.

Q.9 How do you relate the message of essay to your life?

Ans. I can relate the message of the essay to my life by recognizing my own unique power and
potential, trusting my own inner guidance, and focusing on what I need to do. I should
value my own uniqueness and cultivate my own gifts, rather than imitating others.
Furthermore, I should avoid becoming too reliant on technology and stay in touch with
the natural world.

Q.10 Write a brief summary to the argument presented in the text?

Ans. The text argues that individuals should trust their own thoughts and beliefs, recognize
their own unique power and potential, and cultivate their own gifts. They should focus
on what they need to do and not worry about the opinions of others. Furthermore,
society undergoes continuous changes, but these changes are not necessarily for the
better. As a result, modern man has become too reliant on technology, and as a result,
has lost touch with the natural world.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Who is the author of the essay "Self-Reliance"?

a. Edgar Allan Poe c. Henry David Thoreau
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson d. Walt Whitman
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2. In what year was the essay "Self-Reliance"

written? c. 1861
a. 1821 d. 1881
b. 1841

3. What is the central theme of the essay "Self-Reliance"?

a. The importance of conformity
b. The need for external sources of authority
c. The value of individualism and self-reliance
d. The dangers of relying on intuition

4. What literary movement was Ralph Waldo Emerson a part of?

a. The Romantic movement
b. The Gothic movement
c. The Transcendentalist movement
d. The Realist movement

5. What does Emerson encourage readers to do in the essay "Self-Reliance"?

a. conform to society's expectations
b. rely on external sources of authority
c. follow their own intuition and rely on themselves
d. none of the above

6. What is the title of the collection of essays that "Self-Reliance" is a part of?
a. "Essays: Second Series" c. "Essays: Fourth Series"
b. "Essays: Third Series" d. "Essays: First Series"

7. What is the significance of the essay "Self-Reliance" in American culture?

a. It has had no influence on American thought and culture
b. It is considered a classic work of American literature
c. It is a forgotten essay that has no cultural impact
d. It is a controversial essay that is widely criticized by scholars

8. According to the text, what should individuals do with their rejected thoughts?
a. dismiss them c. hide them
b. cultivate them d. share them

9. The text emphasizes the importance of individuality in a person's:

a. relationships c. career
b. education d. hobbies

10. According to the text, what is the key difference between greatness and mediocrity?
a. following the opinions of others
b. trusting one's own inner guidance
c. having unique talents
d. having strong physical health

11. The author encourages individuals to value their own uniqueness and:
a. imitate others
b. adopt the talents of others
c. cultivate their own gifts
d. ignore their own abilities
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12. The author highlights the contrast between the modern civilized man and the
primitive man in terms of:
a. possessions c. mental abilities
b. physical health d. all of the above

13. What is the author's main argument regarding modern civilization?

a. It has improved the physical health of humans
b. It has made humans more self-reliant
c. It has made humans too reliant on technology
d. It has improved the memory of humans

14. According to the text, what have humans lost due to their reliance on technology?
a. the ability to tell time by the sun
b. the ability to observe celestial events
c. the ability to remember things without note-taking
d. all of the above

15. What does the author encourage individuals to focus on in the fourth paragraph?
a. the opinions of others
b. their own thoughts and actions
c. imitating others
d. avoiding difficult tasks

16. According to the text, what is the key to attaining inner peace and happiness?
a. achieving personal goals
b. abiding by the simple and noble regions of life
c. trusting one's own inner guidance
d. replicating the talents of great people

17. What does the author advise individuals to do in terms of their relationships and
circumstances?
a. reject them c. change them
b. accept them d. ignore them

18. According to the text, what should individuals do with their own convictions?
a. speak them
b. keep them to themselves
c. dismiss them
d. change them to fit popular opinion

19. The author argues that each great person is:

a. mediocre
b. unique
c. imitative
d. dependent on others
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COMPREHENSION PASSAGE

Ralph Waldo Emerson was a prominent figure in 19th century American literature. He was a
philosopher, essayist, and poet who played a significant role in the transcendentalist movement.
Emerson's essay, "Self-Reliance," which he published in 1841, is a classic work of American
literature that explores the themes of individualism and self-reliance.

The essay begins by emphasizing the importance of trusting one's own thoughts and beliefs,
even if they go against popular opinion. Emerson argues that great works of art and genius often
come from these rejected thoughts, and that individuals should cultivate their own inner light.
He encourages readers to have the courage to speak their own convictions, as they may
ultimately become universal truths.

Emerson also emphasizes the importance of self-reliance and individuality in personal growth
and success. He advises individuals to find their unique power and potential and to put their
heart into their work to attain inner peace and happiness. He suggests that one should focus on
what they need to do, rather than worrying about the opinions of others, and to never imitate
others, but to cultivate their own gifts.

Emerson argues that society has become too reliant on technology and has lost touch with the
natural world. He believes that humans have developed advanced tools and technologies but
have lost the basic skills and abilities that were once essential for survival. He suggests that
modern man has become too reliant on technology and as a result, has lost touch with the natural
world. Overall, "Self-Reliance" is a call to action for individuals to trust themselves and their
inner guidance, to cultivate their unique gifts and potential, and to remain independent in
thought and action.

Questions:
1. What is the central theme of Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance"?
2. According to Emerson, why is it important to cultivate one's own inner light?
3. What does Emerson suggest is the key difference between greatness and
mediocrity?
4. How has modern society become too reliant on technology, according to Emerson?
5. What is the call to action for individuals in "Self-Reliance"?

Write the summary of the given passage:

The passage discusses Ralph Waldo Emerson and his essay, "Self-Reliance," which explores the
themes of individualism and self-reliance. Emerson argues that individuals should trust their
own thoughts and beliefs, even if they go against popular opinion, and should cultivate their
own inner light. He emphasizes the importance of self-reliance and individuality in personal
growth and success and encourages readers to focus on their own gifts rather than worrying
about the opinions of others. Emerson also criticizes society's reliance on technology and
suggests that humans have lost touch with the natural world. Overall, "Self-Reliance" is a call to
action for individuals to trust themselves, cultivate their unique potential, and remain
independent in thought and action.

Difficult words and meaning:

Words Meaning
prominent Well-known or important
transcendentalist A person who believes in the transcendental philosophy of self-reliance and the
unity of nature
individualism A belief in the importance of individual freedoms and self-reliance
conformity The act of following rules or customs
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intuition A feeling that something is true, even if there is no logical proof

inner peace The state of being calm and free from worry
imitation Tending to be different or develop in a unique way
innate Existing naturally or born with a person
adversely Happening in a way that is harmful or unfavorable
crutches A support used by a person with an injury or disability to help them move around

Identify the parts of speech:

Words Identification
Prominent Adjective
Transcendentalist Noun
Individualism Noun
Conformity Noun
Intuition Noun
Inner peace Noun

Once more to the E.B

lake
White
About
Author:
Elwyn Brooks White, better known as E.B. White, was an American writer and essayist born on
July 11, 1899, in Mount Vernon, New York. He was one of the most influential writers of the 20th
century, best known for his children's books such as "Charlotte's Web" and "Stuart Little." In
addition to his children's literature, White was also a prolific essayist and contributor to The
New Yorker magazine. He was a master of the essay form, known for his elegant and
understated prose, wit, and keen observations of the natural world. White received numerous
awards throughout his career, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, and he is
still widely read and celebrated today.

About the essay:

Once More to the Lake" is an essay by E.B. White, published in 1941 in Harper's Magazine. The
essay is a nostalgic reflection on a summer vacation White took with his son to a lake in Maine,
which was the same lake where White had vacationed as a child. The essay explores the theme
of time and the way in which experiences of the past continue to shape the present. White
reflects on the similarities and differences between his current experience at the lake and his
memories of the lake from his childhood. The essay is known for its evocative descriptions of
the lake and its surroundings, as well as its exploration of the nature of memory and the passage
of time.

Summary:
In 1904, the writer's father rented a camp by a lake in Maine and they had a great vacation. They
returned every summer to the same place. Recently, the writer went back to the lake for a week
of fishing and to remember their old times there.

The writer went to a lake in Maine with his family for vacation when he was young. He recently
went back to the lake with his son to go fishing and revisit the place. He remembered the early
mornings at the camp, how the lake was cool and motionless, and the scent of the wet woods. He
used to go canoeing in the morning without waking up others. He wondered how the place
would have changed over time.

The lake had houses around it, but it wasn't wild. Some of the houses were owned by farmers,
and visitors would stay in the houses and eat meals at the farms. The author went back to the
lake
 10

with his son and stayed in a camp near a farm. He felt like he was his father and living a dual
existence, where he would suddenly feel like he was his father instead of himself. This made him
feel uneasy.

The author went fishing on the first morning of their trip and noticed that everything was just as
they remembered it from years before. The lake, the boat, and even the small waves were all the
same. The author felt like time had not passed and that everything was just as it had always
been.

The author went fishing and found the lake to be the same as always, with clear water and a
school of fish swimming by. They enjoyed their time at the camp, but the only thing that
bothered them was the sound of the outboard motors, which were different from the motors
they remembered from past summers. Despite this, they had a good week, with endless
sunshine and peaceful nights in the small bedrooms. They even enjoyed waking up to the sound
of the red squirrel on the roof. Overall, the author reminisces about their time at the camp and
the peacefulness of the lake, but is disturbed by the unfamiliar sound of the motors.

DIFFICULT WORDS

English Words Urdu meanings

1. inconveniences ‫فیلکتدہزیچی‬
2. desolated ‫وریان‬
3. grooves ‫راںیہ‬
4. partitions ‫رپدے‬
5. canoe ‫انؤ‬
6. shadows ‫اسی‬
7. wild ‫یلگنج‬
8. cottages ‫وھچےٹھگ‬
9. sprinkled ‫ےلیھپوہےئ‬
10. farming ‫اکاکتشری‬
11. heavily wooded ‫دروتخںےسرھبوپر‬
12. illusion ‫وخاب‬
13. transposition ‫ابتدل‬
14. dual existence ‫دورہاووجد‬
15. mirage ‫رساب‬
16. enchanted ‫اجدویئ‬
17. insubstantial ‫ریغام ّدی‬
18. sedative ‫وکسنشخبدوا‬
19. ingredient ‫زجو‬
20. petulant ‫زودرخاش‬
21. afterglow ‫سپازرغوب‬
22. imperceptibly ‫اناقلبصیخشتوطررپ‬
 11

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 Why does the write take the vacation at this particular lake?
Ans. The writer takes a vacation at this particular lake because it holds sentimental value to
him. It is a place where he spent summers with his family as a boy, and he wants to
relive those memories with his own son. The key concerns expressed in the text include
the passage of time, the fleeting nature of life, and the desire for continuity and stability
amidst a changing world.

Q.2 Which key concerns has the writer expressed in the play?
Ans. The writer of "Once More to the Lake" expresses concerns about the passage of time and
how it affects our relationship to the world around us. They also examine the narrator's
changing state of mind, from a sense of disconnection in the past to a deeper connection
in the present. Another key concern is the conflict between nostalgia and the present
moment, suggesting that it can be difficult to reconcile the past with the present. The
writer also highlights the importance of our relationship to nature and its ability to
provide a sense of stability and continuity in our lives. Finally, the writer expresses a
concern about the broader impact of modernization and progress, suggesting that it can
cause us to lose touch with the natural world and our own sense of connection to it.

Q.3 How has lake changed since he was a boy?

Ans. The lake has changed in several ways since the writer was a boy. The most notable
change is the use of outboard motors instead of inboard motors. This shift towards
modernity has made the experience of the lake faster and noisier. However, the lake
remains a source of comfort and familiarity for the writer, as he is still able to catch fish
and enjoy the sun just as he did in the past.

Q.4 What contrast does the writer make between the sea and the lake?
Ans. The writer contrasts the sea with the lake by highlighting the lake's tranquillity and
simplicity. The sea is characterized by its vastness and unpredictability, while the lake is
a place of refuge and familiarity. The writer seems to prefer the slower pace of life that
the lake provides, as it allows for a deeper connection to nature and one's surroundings.

Q.5 Why does the writer repeatedly call the lake as ‘wild lake’?
Ans. The writer repeatedly calls the lake a "wild lake" to emphasize its natural and untamed
state. This suggests that the lake is a place of raw beauty and unspoiled wilderness,
which adds to its appeal for the writer. The use of this descriptor also underscores the
contrast between the fast-paced, modern world and the simplicity and purity of nature.

Q.6 Why is the arriving at the lake less exciting now than the past?
Ans. The arriving at the lake is less exciting now than in the past because the writer has grown
older and experienced a shift in their perception of the world. They note that while the
lake itself remains unchanged, their own experience of it has changed due to the passage
of time and their own personal growth. The writer describes feeling a sense of
detachment from their surroundings in the past, which was replaced by a deeper
connection and familiarity in the present. Additionally, the writer suggests that the
modernization and change in technology has led to a loss of the simplicity and quietness
that they associated with the lake in the past. These factors combine to create a less
exciting and more contemplative experience for the writer upon arriving at the lake in
the present.

Q7. How are the boat motors different in the present situation?
Ans. In the essay "Once More to the Lake," the writer compares the boat motors of the past with
those of the present. In the past, all the motors were inboard, which means that they
were located inside the boat. However, in the present, the motors are outboard, which
means
 12

that they are mounted on the outside of the boat. This change in technology suggests a
shift towards modernity and progress, but it also represents a loss of the simplicity and
quietness of the past. The writer contrasts the slow and gentle way of experiencing the
lake in the past with the faster pace of the present, where campers use outboards to
move around the lake.

Q.8 The write calls the lake a ‘holy (happy) spot’. How does he further develop this
idea? Ans. The writer develops the idea of the lake as a "holy spot" through vivid descriptions
of the natural beauty of the lake and its surroundings. The writer suggests that the lake has a
spiritual quality and is a place of renewal and rejuvenation. The rituals and traditions
associated with visiting the lake are also highlighted as a way of reconnecting with the
past and with the natural world. The writer's reverence for nature is reflected in the
portrayal of the lake as a sacred place. Overall, the idea of the lake as a "holy spot"
emphasizes the deep personal meaning and significance that nature can hold in our
lives.

Q.9 What kind of a sensation persisted and grew in the mind of the writer?
Ans. The writer describes a sense of duality or a dual existence that persisted and grew in their
mind. This feeling is characterized by a sense of disconnection or alienation from their
surroundings. The writer suggests that this sensation is rooted in their childhood
experiences of visiting the lake, and that it is connected to their memories of their father.

As they return to the lake with their own son, the writer begins to experience a shift in
their state of mind. They become more fully present in the moment, and the sensation of
duality begins to fade. They feel a deeper connection to their surroundings and a sense
of continuity with their past. This suggests that our relationship to the world around us
can evolve and deepen over time.

Q. 10 What is the central idea of the text?

Ans. The central idea of "Once More to the Lake" is the exploration of the passage of time
and its effects on our relationship with the natural world. The writer reflects on their
experiences returning to a lake they visited as a child and the sense of continuity and
change they feel. They describe the changes in technology and society that have
occurred since their childhood, highlighting the tension between nostalgia for the past
and the reality of the present moment. The writer also explores the role of nature in
providing a sense of stability and continuity, suggesting that our relationship with the
natural world can help us to connect with our own past and present. Ultimately, the
text raises broader questions about the impact of modernization and progress on our
lives and the world around us.

Multiple Choice Quarries

1) When was E.B. White born?

a. July 11, 1899 c. June 22, 1905
b. August 5, 1901 d. September 3, 1910

2) What was E.B. White best known for?

a. His essays c. His novels
b. His poetry d. His children's books

3) Which of the following books was NOT written by E.B. White?

a. Stuart Little c. Charlotte's Web
b. The Trumpet of the Swan d. The Cat in the Hat
 13

4) In addition to his children's literature, what else was E.B. White known for?
a. Painting c. Essay writing
b. Acting d. Music composition

5) Which magazine did E.B. White contribute

to?
c. National Geographic
a. Time Magazine
d. Harper's Bazaar
b. The New Yorker

6) What is the central theme of "Once More to the Lake"?

a. The importance of nature
b. The passage of time
c. The joy of summer vacations
d. The relationship between fathers and sons

7) Where did E.B. White take his son on vacation in "Once More to the Lake"?
a. Maine c. California
b. New York d. Florida

8) What is the lake in "Once More to the Lake" associated with for E.B. White?
a. Childhood memories c. Fishing trips
b. Romantic vacations d. Hiking adventures

9) What is E.B. White's writing style known for?

a. Being verbose and complicated
b. Being simplistic and straightforward
c. Being emotionally distant
d. Being overly descriptive

10)What award did E.B. White receive in 1963?

a. The Nobel Prize in Literature
b. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
c. The Presidential Medal of Freedom
d. The National Book Award

11)In what year did the author's father rent a camp on a lake in Maine?
a. 1904 c. 1963
b. 1941 d. 1987

12)How long did the author's family usually stay at the lake in Maine?
a. 2 weeks c. 2 months
b. 1 month d. 3 months

13)What did the author buy before returning to the lake in Maine?
a. A kayak c. A tent
b. A fishing rod and d. A motorboat
spinner

14)What did the author wonder about the lake during his journey there with his son?
a. Whether the cottages would still be there
b. Whether the lake would still be as beautiful
 14

c. Whether time would have marred the spot

d. Whether they would catch any fish

15)What did the author remember most vividly about the early mornings at the lake?
a. The smell of the wet woods and the lumber of the bedroom
b. The sound of the loons on the lake
c. The sight of the sun rising over the hills
d. The taste of the fresh lake water

16)What kind of lake was it that the author and his family used to visit?
a. A wild lake with no cottages around the shores
b. A lake with cottages owned by nearby farmers
c. A heavily wooded lake with no farming
d. A lake with only one cottage owned by the author's family

17)How far did the tarred road lead to the shore of the lake?
a. Half a mile c. Two miles
b. One mile d. Three miles

18)What strange sensation did the author feel while at the lake with his son?
a. He felt like he was living a dual existence, with his father's personality
taking over.
b. He felt like he was in a dream.
c. He felt like he was in a different dimension.
d. He felt like he was in a horror movie.

19)How did the author usually behave in the early mornings at the lake to avoid
waking the others?
a. He would dress loudly to wake the others up.
b. He would sneak out into the sweet outdoors and start out in the motorboat.
c. He would dress softly and sneak out in the canoe, keeping close along
the shore in the long shadows of the pines.
d. He would stay in bed until the others woke up.

20)What did the author's family do when they stayed at the lake in Maine?
a. They lived at the shore and ate their meals at the farmhouse.
b. They lived in a hotel and ate at restaurants.
c. They lived in a tent and cooked their own meals.
d. They lived on a houseboat and fished for their meals.

21)What convinced the narrator that everything was as it always had been?
a. The damp moss on the worms
b. The arrival of a dragonfly
c. The color of the boat
d. The freshwater leavings and debris under the floor-boards

22) What was the lake like when the campers returned for a swim before lunch?
a. Choppy and turbulent b. Still and unchanged
 15

c. Covered in algae d. Full of debris

23)What was the only thing that was wrong with the place now?
a. The heat in the little bedrooms
b. The accumulated humidity
c. The sound of outboard motors
d. The smell of the swamp

24)What was the sound of the outboard motors like during the daytime?
a. A sedative ingredient of summer sleep
b. Throbbing and fluttering
c. Quiet and soothing
d. Petulant and irritable

25)What would happen in the mornings when the narrator lay in bed?
a. Sleep would come easily
b. The smell of the swamp would drift in
c. The red squirrel would tap out its gay routine
d. The breeze would stir almost imperceptibly outside

26)What did the waves do to the rowboat while the campers fished at anchor?
a. They capsized the boat
b. They splashed the campers
c. They made the boat rock gently
d. They submerged the boat

27) What did the lake seem like to the

narrator?
c. Disappointing and murky
a. Unchanged and reliable
d. Crowded and noisy
b. Enchanted and magical

28) What did the fish swimming by have?

a. Individual shadows
c. No shadows
b. A common shadow d. A blurry shadow

29) What would break the illusion and set the years moving?
The sound of inboard
motors The smell of the
swamp
The accumulated heat in the little bedrooms
The sound of outboard motors

30)How did the water feel to the narrator when the other campers were in swimming?
a. Thick and murky c. Cold and refreshing
b. Thin and clear d. Hot and unpleasant
 16

METAPHORS AND SIMILE

SIMILE
1. "none of us ever thought there was any 1. "I wondered how time would have
place in the world like that lake in Maine"
- simile: compares the lake in Maine to any
other place in the world using "like."
2. "You remember one thing, and that
suddenly reminds you of another thing" -
simile: compares the process of memory
to a sudden reminder.
METAPHOR
marred this unique, this beautiful spot" -
metaphor: compares time to something
that can physically harm the spot.
2. "the hills that the sun set behind" -
metaphor: compares the hills to
something that the sun physically sets
behind.
3. "the paths behind the camps" -
metaphor: compares the paths to
something that is physically located behind
the camps.
4. "the bedroom smelled of the lumber it
was made of and of the wet woods whose
scent entered through the screen" -
metaphor: compares the smell of the
bedroom to the combination of two scents.
5. "keeping close along the shore in the long
shadows of the pines" - metaphor:
compares the shadows of the pines to
something that is long and physically
located along the shore.
6. "The lake had never been what you would
call a wild lake" - metaphor: compares
the lake to something that can be
characterized or classified as a wild lake.
7. "The years were a mirage" - This is a
comparison between the passing of time
and a mirage. It is a metaphor.
8. "The small waves were the same,
chucking the rowboat under the chin" -
This is a comparison between the waves
and a person's action. It is a metaphor.
9. "This seemed an utterly enchanted sea" -
This is a comparison between the lake and
an enchanted sea. It is a metaphor.

COMPARATIVE AND CONTRASTIVE ESSAY ON THE PAST AND THE PRESENT EXPERIENCE OF
THE AUTHOR

The given text ‘Once more to the lake’ presents two distinct time periods - one summer in 1904
and a present moment. The past scene is marked by nostalgia, while the present scene is
characterized by a sense of familiarity and continuity. In this essay, we will compare and
contrast these two time periods based on the information given.

One of the most striking differences between the past and present scenes is the change in
technology. In the past, all motors were inboard, while in the present, campers had outboards.
This change in technology indicates a shift towards modernity and progress. However, it also
suggests a loss of the simplicity and quietness of the past. In the past, the narrator would sneak
out in a canoe and keep close along the shore in the long shadows of the pines. This slow and
 17

gentle way of experiencing the lake is contrasted with the faster pace of the present, where
campers use outboards to move around the lake.

Despite these changes, the present scene is characterized by a sense of continuity and
familiarity. The lake is exactly where they left it, and they catch fish and enjoy the sun just as
they did in the past. This suggests that while the world may change around us, there are some
things that remain constant, providing a sense of comfort and stability.

Another contrast between the past and present is the narrator's state of mind. In the past, the
narrator felt as though they were living a dual existence, suggesting a sense of alienation or
disconnection from their surroundings. This feeling is absent in the present, where the narrator
seems to feel more at ease and connected with their surroundings. They remember the early
mornings, the smell of the lumber, and the sound of the red squirrel on the roof. This suggests
that as we grow older and become more familiar with our surroundings, we can develop a
deeper connection to them.

In conclusion, the past and present scenes in the given text present contrasting and comparative
views of the lake in Maine. While the past is characterized by nostalgia and a slower pace of life,
the present is marked by a sense of continuity and familiarity. The changes in technology and
the narrator's state of mind suggest that while the world around us may change, our
relationship to it can deepen and evolve over time.

PAST SCENES OF THE LAKE AND THE PRESENT SCENES OF THE LAKE

Past Scene Present Scene

"One summer, along about 1904, my father rented a camp on "the lake was exactly where we had left
a lake in Maine and took us all there for the month of August." it"
"Except some minor inconveniences, the vacation was a "We caught two fishes when we got
success and from then on none of us ever thought there was back for a swim before lunch"
any place in the world like that lake in Maine."
"We returned summer after summer--always on August 1st "There had been peace and goodness
for one month." and jollity"
"It is strange how much you can remember about places like "The sun shone endlessly, day after
that once you allow your mind to return into the grooves day"
which lead back."
"I guess I remembered clearest of all the early mornings, "Sleep would come easily and, in the
when the lake was cool and motionless, remembered how morning, the red squirrel would be on
the the roof, tapping out his gay routine"
bedroom smelled of the lumber it was made of and of the wet
woods whose scent entered through the screen."
"The partitions in the camp were thin and did not extend
clear to the top of the rooms, and as I was always the first up
I would dress softly so as not to wake the others, and sneak
out into the sweet outdoors and start out in the canoe,
keeping close
along the shore in the long shadows of the pines."
"I could tell that it was pretty much the same as it had been
before"
"the kind of summertime I had known"
"I seemed to be living a dual existence"
"the same boat, the same color green and the ribs broken in
the same places"
"In those other summer times, all motors were inboard"
"But now the campers all had outboards"
 18

Technological Adapted from ‘Digital Quality of Life

The role of technology in driving economic growth and improving quality of life through
innovation in areas such as education, healthcare, and safety. Advancements in
technology have occurred throughout history and have become more efficient with the
use of digital information processing. The materials revolution has enabled the
development of various technologies such as automobiles, planes, appliances, and
telecom systems. Overall, technology is seen as a key enabler for a better future.

TECHNOLOGY & DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

The use of technology in disaster risk reduction and emergency response. It highlights
the benefits of public safety networks, internet coordination, and disaster forecasting and
prediction through the use of satellite images and on-the-ground inspections. Technology
has allowed for significant changes in the integrated approach to natural disasters,
helping to understand the mechanisms and origins of hazards and analyzing their
transformation into disasters.

TECHNOLOGY & ENTERTAINMENT

Technology is interactive and engaging for people of all ages, especially children. Toys
have integrated circuits that allow children to interact with them. The technology is
introducing high-quality smart visuals, graphic apps, systems and devices in the mass
market, which have never been adopted so fast before. It has immense benefits and
promises for improving our lives.

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION& HEALTH

Technology has enabled people to access various kinds of information and education
online, such as course materials, telemedicine, e-learning, workforce development, and
games. Technology has improved medical care by facilitating evidence-based medicine.

TECHNOLOGY & PUBLIC SAFETY

Technology has made various products safer and more efficient, especially in the field
of transportation. It gives examples of how technology can alert drivers of potential
problems, enable cars to use renewable energy sources, and allow telepresence in
extreme conditions. The text is an informative piece that highlights the benefits of
technology for safety and sustainability.

TECHNOLOGY & COMMERCE

The technology has expanded people's choices and opportunities in various domains. It
mentions tele work, telemarketing, and e-commerce as examples of how people can
access products and services that suit their needs and preferences.

TECHNOLOGY DURING EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS

Technologies can help mitigate the impact of epidemics, pandemics and other hazards on
human lives and societies. Some examples of technologies such as remote sensing,
 19

satellite images, and smart cities that can enable secure access to data, monitor
environmental changes, and locate populations in danger. It concludes by stating that
technology cannot prevent the onset of the pandemics, but can reduce their spread and
effects.

DIFFICULT WORDS AND ITS MEANINGS

English Word Urdu Meaning

1. driving force ‫راتفردیپارکےنوایلوقت‬
2. enabler ‫دمداگر‬
3. hardware ‫تخسازفار‬
4. innovation ‫یئندجتدی‬
5. optimists ‫ادیمواروں‬
6. transmit ‫لقتنمرکان‬
7. hazards ‫رطخات‬
8. integrated ‫الموہا‬
9. interactive ‫کیدورسےےساعتلمر کےنوال‬ ‫ا‬
. ‫بی‬
10.integrated circuits ‫ی گرڈٹیرسٹک‬. ‫ا‬
11.smart visuals ‫ذنیہوژیولئ‬
12.evidence-based ‫وبثترپینبم‬
13.renewable energy ‫اقلبدوابرہاامعتسلوتا انیئ‬
14.local stores ‫اقمیمداکین‬
15.epidemics ‫وابیئامیبرایں‬
16.pandemics ‫اعیملواب‬
17.calamities ‫آیتف‬
18.sensors ‫رسنیس‬
19.remote sensing ‫دوردرازےساجےنچناکم ع‬

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 What do you mean by technological revolution?

Ans. The technological revolution refers to the significant changes that technology has
brought about in various aspects of human life, such as social, economic, and
cultural domains. It involves the rapid advancements in technology that have
occurred over the past few decades, including digital information processing and
communication. The technological revolution has resulted in a shift towards a
knowledge-based economy, with innovation and creativity playing a vital role in
driving economic growth. The use of technology has also led to significant
 20

improvements in the quality of life for people, with innovations in areas such as
healthcare, education, and safety. The technological revolution is seen as a key
enabler for a better future, with the potential to transform society for the better.

Q.2 Why did innovation information remain scare at the time of World War-II?
Ans. During World War II, the scarcity of innovation information was due to the fact
that there was a need for secrecy during the war. Many technological
developments were classified as top secret, and information about them was
restricted to a limited number of people. This meant that many researchers and
scientists were unable to access information that could have been useful in their
own research. Additionally, many of the technological developments that did occur
during the war were focused on military applications rather than civilian use,
which meant that they were not immediately relevant to the wider public. After
the war, there was a rapid increase in the availability of information and innovation
as the focus shifted to peace-time technologies.

Q.3 How is the technology boon for students?

Ans. Technology has been a boon for students in many ways. One of the most significant
benefits is the increased access to information and educational resources that
technology provides. Students can access a wide range of course materials, e-
learning tools, and interactive resources online, which allows them to learn at their
own pace and in their own time. Technology also enables students to collaborate
with peers and teachers in real-time, regardless of their location, which
facilitates learning and enhances the educational experience. Additionally,
technology can help students to develop important skills, such as critical
thinking and problem- solving, which are essential for success in the modern
world.

Q.4 What are the benefits of E-commerce in today's world?

Ans. E-commerce has become an increasingly important part of the modern economy,
providing significant benefits to both businesses and consumers. For businesses,
e-commerce offers the opportunity to reach a wider audience, reduce costs, and
streamline operations. It allows businesses to operate on a global scale, with the
potential to reach customers anywhere in the world. For consumers, e-
commerce provides greater convenience, with the ability to shop from the
comfort of their own homes, and access a wider range of products and services.
It also allows consumers to compare prices and features more easily, making it
easier to find the best deals.

Q.5 How does technology work in environmentally risk areas?

Ans. Technology plays a crucial role in addressing environmental risks and helping to
mitigate the impact of natural disasters. Remote sensing technologies, such as
satellite images, can be used to monitor environmental changes and detect
hazards before they become disasters. On-the-ground inspections and other
technologies can also help to identify potential risks and hazards, enabling more
effective disaster response and prevention. Smart cities can use technology to
improve the resilience of urban infrastructure, making it better able to
withstand
 21

natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Overall, technology has the
potential to significantly reduce the risks associated with natural disasters and
other environmental hazards, helping to protect both people and the environment.

Q.6 How has technology greatly supported doctors & medical practitioners?
Ans. Technology has greatly supported doctors and medical practitioners by enabling
them to access vast amounts of information, such as medical journals, research
papers, and patient records, through digital platforms. It has allowed for more
precise diagnosis and treatment planning through medical imaging, telemedicine,
and other digital tools. Technology has made medical procedures less invasive and
more precise, reducing risks for patients. It has also helped doctors monitor
patients remotely, allowing for early detection of health issues and faster
responses to emergencies. Finally, technology has improved medical education
and training, making it more accessible and interactive.

Q.7 How does technology secure humans from calamities?

Ans. Technology can secure humans from calamities by providing early warning
systems and real-time monitoring of disasters through various sensors,
satellites, and other data-gathering devices. It can also facilitate the rapid response
of rescue teams and emergency services through improved communication
systems and logistics management. Technology can help in evacuating people
from disaster- prone areas and providing them with emergency supplies and
medical aid. It can also assist in the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction
efforts by providing accurate damage assessments and planning tools.

Q.8 Some people have opinion that youngsters are not safe in the technological
era? Give reasons for or your agreement or disagreement.
Ans. The opinion that youngsters are not safe in the technological era is not entirely
accurate, as technology can also provide numerous benefits to children and young
adults. However, it is essential to acknowledge the potential risks and address
them proactively through measures such as parental controls, cyber education,
and safe online practices. Technology can be addictive, and prolonged screen time
can have adverse effects on physical and mental health, but with responsible use,
it can also improve learning outcomes, social connections, and creative expression.

Q.9 Which technology innovation has impacted you profoundly and how?
Ans. One technology innovation that has impacted me profoundly is the development
of machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, which have
enabled Chatbots like me to converse with humans in natural language and
respond to queries efficiently. It has allowed for more personalized and interactive
customer service, reduced waiting times, and enabled businesses to scale their
operations seamlessly. Chatbots have also contributed to the development of
virtual assistants, smart homes, and autonomous vehicles, transforming the way
we interact with technology and each other.
 22

Q.10 How did technology contribute in keeping peoples' lives safe during the
recent pandemic or disaster?
Ans. Technology contributed to keeping people's lives safe during the recent pandemic
by enabling remote work and education, telemedicine, and e-commerce. It
facilitated the rapid development and distribution of vaccines and testing kits,
helped track and monitor the spread of the virus through contact tracing and
data analytics. Technology also provided mental health support and access to
reliable information through various online platforms, reducing anxiety and
misinformation. Additionally, it enabled the delivery of essential goods and
services, such as groceries and medicines, while minimizing human contact,
reducing the risk of transmission.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is driving innovation and enabling billions of people to live better

and safer lives?
a. The Industrial Revolution b. The Agricultural Revolution
c. The Technological Revolution
d. The Environmental Revolution

2. What is technology enabling in areas such as education, healthcare, and

safety?
a. Better performance b. Increased cost
c. Improved quality of life d. Decreased accessibility

3. What is the key enabler of better education, healthcare, efficient

environment, and safer and secure communities and nations?
a. Technology c. Industrialization
b. Materials technology d. Agricultural production

4. What is the reason that information remained scarce and hard to use and
transmit after World War II?
a. Lack of interest c. Lack of funding
b. Lack of technology d. Lack of manpower

5. What is the advantage of digital information processing over analog form?

a. It is more expensive
b. It is less efficient
c. It is easier and cheaper to develop, manipulate, organize, transmit,
store, and act on
d. It is less secure

6. What is the term used to describe working from home or another location
using technology?
a. Telework c. E-commerce
b. Telemarketing d. Telecommuting
 23

7. What is the term used to describe selling or buying goods or services over
the internet?
a. Telework c. E-commerce
b. Telemarketing d. Telecommuting

8. What is one of the benefits of technology mentioned in the text?

a. It reduces people's choices and opportunities in various domains.
b. It increases people's choices and opportunities in various domains.
c. It eliminates people's choices and opportunities in various domains.
d. It limits people's choices and opportunities in various domains.

9. What are the benefits of technology in education and health?

a. Access to information and education online
b. Improvement in medical care
c. Both a and b d. None of the above

10. What is the impact of technology on public safety?

a. Makes various products safer and more efficient
b. Enables cars to use renewable energy sources
c. Allows telepresence in extreme conditions
d. All of the above

11. Which of the following is an example of technology that can help during
epidemics and pandemics?
a. Remote sensing c. Smart cities
b. Satellite images d. All of the above

12. What is the purpose of technology in transportation?

a. To alert drivers of potential problems
b. To enable cars to use renewable energy sources
c. To allow telepresence in extreme conditions
d. All of the above

13. What are some examples of technology used in toys?

a. Integrated circuits c. Graphic apps
b. Smart visuals d. All of the above

14. How has technology improved medical care?

a. By facilitating evidence-based medicine
b. By reducing the spread of pandemics
c. By providing remote sensing
d. None of the above
 24

The Guy de Maupassant

"The Necklace" is a short story based on the story by Guy de Maupassant. The story is
about a young woman named Mathilde Loisel who is unhappy with her modest life and
longs for wealth and luxury. Mathilde's husband, a lowly clerk, manages to secure an
invitation to a fancy ball. However, Mathilde is disappointed because she has no elegant
dress or jewelry to wear to the event.

Mathilde borrows a beautiful diamond necklace from a wealthy friend to wear to the ball,
and she is the belle of the ball, admired by all who attend. However, on returning home,
she realizes that she has lost the necklace. The Loisels cannot afford to replace the
necklace, so they decide to buy an identical one and return it to their friend without telling
her what happened.

The Loisels spend the next ten years working hard to pay off the debt they incurred to buy
the new necklace. During this time, they live in poverty, and Mathilde loses her beauty and
becomes prematurely aged. One day, Mathilde meets her wealthy friend again and
confesses to her what happened. To her surprise, the friend reveals that the necklace she
borrowed was a fake and worth very little.

The story ends with Mathilde reflecting on the past and realizing that her obsession
with wealth and status has led her to ten years of unnecessary suffering.

DIFFICULT WORDS MEANING

Difficult Words Urdu Meanings

1. modest ‫ومعمیل‬
2. lowly ‫ذیل‬
3. elegant ‫وخامنش‬
4. admired ‫دنسپدیہ‬
5. identical ‫اطمب‬
6. incur ‫ااھٹان‬
7. poverty ‫رغتب‬
8. prematurely ‫دلجابغلوہان‬
9. wealthy ‫ایم‬
10.confess ‫ارقاررکان‬
11.obsession ‫طبخ‬
12.suffering ‫دھک‬
 25

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Q.1 Why did Mr. Loisel expect her wife to be pleased to receive the invitation?
Ans. Mr. Loisel expected his wife to be pleased to receive the invitation because it was
an opportunity for them to attend a fancy ball hosted by the Ministry of Education,
which was a rare chance for people of their social class to attend such events. He
knew that his wife loved social gatherings, and he believed that attending the
ball would bring her joy and excitement.

Q.2 What was Mme. Loisel reaction on reading the invitation?

Ans. Mme. Loisel's reaction on reading the invitation was one of disappointment and
unhappiness. She was upset because she did not have a fancy dress or any
jewelry to wear to the ball, which made her feel inferior compared to the other
women who would be attending.

Q.3 How was the life of Mme. Loisel before the loss of the necklace?
Ans. Before the loss of the necklace, Mme. Loisel's life was characterized by
unhappiness and dissatisfaction. She was constantly dreaming of a more luxurious
and affluent lifestyle and was envious of those who had more than she did. Despite
being married to a loving and devoted husband, she was never content with her
modest life and longed for more.

Q.4 What efforts were made to find Mme. Forestier’s necklace?

Ans. After realizing that the necklace was lost, the Loisels made every effort to find it.
They retraced their steps from the ball to their home and searched the streets
and public transport they had taken to see if anyone had found the necklace.
They placed ads in the newspapers and went to the police station to file a report.
They even pawned some of their possessions to have money for the reward they
offered to anyone who could return the necklace.

Q.5 Describe in your own words how the Loisel’s life changed after they had paid
for the new necklace.
Ans. The Loisels' lives changed significantly after they paid for the new necklace. They
were forced to live in extreme poverty to pay off the debt they incurred to buy
the necklace. They moved to a smaller apartment in a less desirable part of town,
and they worked hard to make ends meet. They were constantly worried about
money and had to give up many of the simple pleasures they had once enjoyed.
Mathilde lost her beauty and charm due to the hardships she endured, and her
once-happy marriage suffered.

Q.6 How did Mr. and Mme. Loisel replace the necklace?
Ans. Mr. and Mme. Loisel replaced the necklace by buying an identical one and giving it
to Mme. Forestier without telling her what had happened. They borrowed a
large sum of money and spent ten years working hard to pay off the debt. They
endured a great deal of suffering during this time, but they remained committed
to their plan of returning the necklace without anyone knowing what had
happened.
 26

Q.7 What was Mme. Forestier’s reaction when the necklace was returned?
Ans. When the necklace was returned, Mme. Forestier was surprised that Mme. Loisel
had taken so long to return it. She was unaware that the necklace had been lost
and replaced, and she was taken aback by the Loisels' prolonged absence from her
social circle. However, she was pleased that the necklace had been returned and
seemed not to notice that it was a different necklace from the one she had lent.

Q.8 How did Loisel contribute to the cost of the new necklace?
Ans. Loisel contributed to the cost of the new necklace by borrowing money and
working hard to pay off the debt. He sacrificed his own comfort and happiness to
make sure that his wife was not exposed as a thief and that they could return the
necklace without anyone knowing what had happened. He supported his wife
throughout their decade-long ordeal and remained devoted to her even though
their lives were full of hardship.

Q.9 What was Mme. Forestier reaction when the necklace was returned?
Ans. When the necklace was returned, Mme. Forestier was surprised but appeared
pleased with the return of the necklace. She did not inspect the necklace to see if
it was the same one, she had lent to Mathilde, which allowed the Loisels to get
away with their deception.

Q.10 How did Loisel contribute to the cost of the new necklace?
Ans. Loisel contributed to the cost of the new necklace by using his inheritance and
taking out loans to pay for it. He also worked multiple jobs and made sacrifices
to pay off the debt incurred from buying the new necklace.

Q.11 How had Mme. Loisel’s sacrifices been in vain?

Ans. Mme. Loisel's sacrifices were in vain because the necklace she lost was actually a
fake, and they spent ten years of their lives working hard to pay off the debt they
incurred from buying a new necklace that was not even necessary. If she had
just been honest and told her friend the truth, they would have realized earlier that
the necklace was not worth their sacrifices. Mathilde's obsession with wealth
and status had blinded her to the reality of her situation, causing her to suffer
unnecessarily.

ONE ANSWER TO ALL THE QUESTIONS

Mr. Loisel expected his wife to be pleased to receive the invitation because it was an
opportunity to attend a fancy ball, which he knew would make her happy. However,
Mathilde was disappointed on reading the invitation, as she had no elegant dress or
jewelry to wear to the event. Before losing the necklace, Mathilde's life was one of
discontent, as she longed for wealth and luxury. After losing the necklace, the
Loisels made great efforts to find it but were unsuccessful, so they bought a new one
and spent ten years working hard to pay off the debt. Their life changed drastically
during this time, as they lived in poverty, and Mathilde lost her beauty and became
prematurely aged. When Mme. Forestier saw Mathilde before she figured out who
she was, she did
 27

not recognize her, as Mathilde had become unrecognizable due to her hard life. Mr.
and Mme. Loisel replaced the necklace by buying an identical one and returning it to
Mme. Forestier without telling her what happened. Mme. Forestier was surprised
when the necklace was returned, as it turned out that the one Mathilde borrowed was
a fake and worth very little. Despite all the sacrifices made by Mathilde, her
obsession with wealth and status had been in vain.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUARRIES

1. What is the title of the short story?

a. The Ball c. The Invitation
b. The Necklace d. The Friend

2. Who is the protagonist of the story?

a. Mr. Loisel c. The Minister of Education
b. Mme. Forestier d. Mathilde Loisel

3. What is Mathilde's profession?

a. Seamstress c. Clerk
b. Writer d. Housewife

4. How does Mathilde obtain a necklace to wear to the ball?

a. She steals it from a store.
b. She buys it with her own money.
c. She borrows it from a wealthy friend.
d. She inherits it from a family member.

5. What happens to the necklace after the ball?

a. Mathilde returns it to her friend.
b. Mathilde loses it on the way home.
c. Mathilde decides to keep it for herself.
d. Mathilde sells it to a jeweler.

6. What is the Loisels' financial situation after losing the necklace?

a. They become wealthy.
b. They remain in the same financial position.
c. They become impoverished.
d. They win the lottery.

7. How long does it take for the Loisels to pay off their debt?
a. 1 year c. 10 years
b. 5 years d. 20 years
 28

8. Who does Mathilde confess to about losing the necklace?

a. Her husband b. The police
c. Her friend Mme. Forestier
d. A stranger on the street

9. What is the real value of the necklace?

a. It is worth millions of dollars.
b. It is worth thousands of dollars.
c. It is worth hundreds of dollars.
d. It is worth very little.

10. What is Mathilde's attitude towards her husband?

a. She loves and appreciates him.
b. She is indifferent towards him.
c. She is resentful towards him.
d. She hates him.

11. Why does Mathilde refuse to attend the ball without proper attire?
a. She is afraid of being judged by others.
b. She is too shy to attend such events.
c. She wants to impress her husband's colleagues.
d. She believes that she is not good enough for the event.

12. What does Mathilde do to try to find the lost necklace?

a. She hires a detective to search for it.
b. She prays for its safe return.
c. She puts up posters around the city.
d. She retraces her steps from the ball.

13. What is Mathilde's reaction when she realizes that the necklace is lost?
a. She is relieved that she doesn't have to return it.
b. She is indifferent and doesn't care.
c. She is devastated and cries uncontrollably.
d. She is angry and blames her husband.

14. What is the theme of the story?

a. The dangers of materialism and envy
b. The importance of social status
c. The value of hard work and perseverance
d. The power of love and sacrifice

15. How does the story end?

a. The Loisels live happily ever after.
b. The Loisels get divorced.
c. The Loisels die in poverty.
d. Mathilde reflects on her past and realizes the consequences of her actions.
 29

Choosing Careers
The importance of choosing a career that aligns with one's passions, future growth, and
personal advancement. It highlights the difference between a job and a career, with a
job being a short-term strategy and a career being a long-term journey that requires a
certain level of education or skill set. The author emphasizes the significance of
pursuing a field of interest rather than succumbing to social trends, family pressure, or
peer pressure. The article concludes that excelling in a chosen field by putting one's heart
and soul into it can lead to potential growth, success, and satisfaction.

Choosing a career requires consideration of personal values, strengths, and

weaknesses, as well as compatibility with the intended career path. It is important to
pursue a career that interests and satisfies you, and complements your personality type
and values. Consultation with experienced professionals, teachers, or career counsellors
can provide valuable insight into the expectations, procedures, difficulties, and rewards of a
particular career. Aptitude tests can also help in making a suitable career choice.

Choosing a career requires understanding personal values, strengths, and weaknesses. It

is important to research admission criteria and take preparatory measures for university
entrance exams. It is also important to remain realistic and have a backup plan.
Individuals should explore opportunities to find a career that suits them and optimize
their potential. With dedication and a clear vision, anyone can achieve success in their
chosen path.

DIFFICULT WORDS

Difficult Words Urdu Meaning

1. emulate ‫لقنرکان‬،‫دیلقترکان‬
2. aspiration ‫آرزو‬،‫وخاشہ‬
3. prospects ‫ادیمی‬،‫وتاعقت‬
4. subtle ‫رپرفق‬،‫انزک‬
5. advancement ‫رفوغ‬،‫رتیق‬
6. prevailing ‫دورسوںیکرظنںیمر برتوہان‬،‫افلعوہان‬
7. complement ‫وپرارکان‬،‫لمکمرکان‬
8. introverted ‫ادنروینوطررپرموکزی صخش‬،‫ابیمہمکوگتفگد نسپ‬
9. analytical ‫یلیلحت‬،‫زجت یا یت‬
10.aptitude ‫ادعتساد‬،‫الصتیح‬
11.idealistic ‫ایخیل‬،‫رظنیرپا تسہن‬
12.veteran ‫یسکاکمںیموپراان‬،‫رجتہباکر‬
 30

13.counselling ‫راامنہیئ‬،‫اشمورت‬
14.criteria ‫رشائ‬،‫ایعمر‬
15.retrospection ‫دوابرہاجزئہنیل‬،‫اترثابزی‬
16.untapped ‫ےباامعتسل‬،‫انانشہتخ‬
17.optimize ‫رتہباامعتسلر کان‬،‫رتہبانبان‬
18.destined ‫دقتریی‬،‫دقمر‬
19.assessment ‫ادنازہ‬،‫صیخشت‬
20.dedication ‫زع ِماالخص‬،‫وافداری‬

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 What are the differences between a job and a career?

Ans. A job is typically a short-term strategy where a person works to earn money
or gain experience, whereas a career is a long-term journey that requires a certain
level of education or skill set. A job is focused on immediate needs and often
lacks long-term goals or prospects for advancement, while a career is focused on
achieving professional goals and personal growth over time. Jobs are often
interchangeable, while careers are more specialized and require more training and
expertise. A job can be viewed as a means to an end, while a career is a fulfilling
and rewarding path that allows individuals to pursue their passions and
interests. In summary, a job is a temporary work opportunity, while a career is a
lifelong journey of professional and personal development.

Q.2 Why should you choose a career that interests you?

Ans. Choosing a career that interests you is important for several reasons. First, when
you pursue a career that you are passionate about, you are more likely to feel
fulfilled and satisfied with your work. Second, when you have an interest in your
field, you are more likely to remain engaged and motivated to learn and grow
within that field. Third, pursuing a career that interests you can lead to greater job
satisfaction, which in turn can improve your mental and physical health. Fourth,
when you are passionate about your career, you are more likely to be committed
to the work and willing to put in the effort required to succeed. Finally, choosing
a career that aligns with your interests can lead to greater financial success and
job security, as you are more likely to excel in a field that you are passionate
about.

Q.3 What causes de-motivation in career?

Ans. There are several factors that can lead to de-motivation in a career. One common
cause is a lack of recognition or opportunities for growth and advancement within
the organization. When employees feel undervalued or overlooked, they may lose
motivation and become less engaged in their work. Another factor that can cause
de-motivation is a lack of work-life balance, where employees are expected to work
long hours or be constantly available outside of work hours. Additionally, a lack
of clear direction or goals can cause employees to feel lost or uncertain about
their
 31

role in the organization. Finally, a lack of alignment between personal values and
the values of the organization can lead to feelings of disconnection or
dissatisfaction with the work.

Q.4 What are the examples of personal values given in the text?
Ans. The text mentions that personal values are important in determining one's
career path. It gives examples of some personal values that may influence a
person's career choice. For instance, some people value independence, while
others value recognition or leadership. Some people may be motivated by a desire
to help humanity, while others may seek intellectual, scientific, or artistic
achievements. The text notes that it is important to choose a career that aligns with
one's personal values and personality type. An extroverted person may prefer a
job that involves more social interaction, while an introverted person may
prefer a more independent analytical role.

Q.5 What is the difference between an extroverted person and an introverted

person?
Ans. The main difference between an extroverted person and an introverted person is
how they derive their energy and process information. Extroverted people tend to
derive their energy from external stimuli, such as social interactions or group
activities. They tend to be outgoing and talkative, and often enjoy being in large
groups or crowds. Introverted people, on the other hand, tend to derive their
energy from internal stimuli, such as personal reflection or solitary activities. They
tend to be more reserved and thoughtful, and often prefer quiet or intimate
settings. While both extroverted and introverted people can be successful in
their careers, they may approach their work differently and have different
preferences for work environments and tasks.

Q.6 What are the core skills required for a charted accountant and a visual
artist?
Ans. A chartered accountant must possess good knowledge of accounting principles,
tax laws, financial regulations, and business ethics. They should have analytical
skills to interpret financial data, identify patterns and trends, and make financial
recommendations. Good communication skills are essential to communicate
financial information and advice effectively to clients and colleagues. Attention
to detail, accuracy, and integrity are also critical skills for a chartered
accountant.

In contrast, a visual artist needs to have artistic skills and creativity to produce
original works of art that evoke emotions, express ideas, and communicate
messages. They should be knowledgeable about various art forms, techniques, and
media. They need to have excellent visual and spatial skills to create compositions,
use colors and textures, and balance the elements of the artwork. Attention to
detail, patience, and perseverance are also essential qualities of a successful visual
artist.
 32

Q.7 What is an aptitude test? How does it help in choosing a career?

Ans. An aptitude test is a standardized assessment that helps individuals to identify
their skills, interests, and abilities. It measures their capacity to learn and excel
in specific areas or professions. The results of an aptitude test can provide
insight into an individual's potential for success in certain careers. Aptitude
tests can help individuals to determine their suitability for a particular job or
career path, and assist them in making a well-informed decision.

Q.8 Why is it necessary to consult a veteran of the field before choosing a career?
Ans. It is necessary to consult a veteran of the field before choosing a career because
they have practical knowledge and experience in the industry. They can provide
valuable insights into the requirements, expectations, and challenges of a
particular profession. A veteran can help individuals to gain a realistic perspective
on the industry and assess whether it is a good fit for them. They can also
provide guidance on how to gain entry into the field, build relevant skills, and
progress in their career.

Q.9 How can a professional career counsellor help you?

Ans. A professional career counselor can help individuals in various ways. They can
assist in identifying personal values, interests, and skills, and how they relate to
different career paths. They can provide information on various career options
and help individuals to explore their strengths and weaknesses. A career
counselor can offer guidance on how to prepare for the job market, including
resume writing and interview skills. They can also provide support during the
job search process and help individuals to negotiate job offers.

Q,10 Why is it wiser to have a backup plan?

Ans. It is wiser to have a backup plan because career paths are not always linear, and
unexpected events can occur. Having a backup plan ensures that individuals
have a safety net and are not completely derailed if their primary career choice does
not work out. A backup plan can also provide flexibility and options for
individuals to pivot their careers if they desire a change or if the job market
changes. It is important to have a backup plan that aligns with one's values and
interests, and that can provide financial stability and job security.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is the first thing you should consider while choosing a career?
a) How much money you can earn.
b) Whether it is a popular career choice.
c) Whether it brings you satisfaction and happiness.
d) Whether your family and friends approve of it.
 33

2. What can happen if you choose a career based on social trends or peer
pressure?
a) You will be more successful and fulfilled.
b) You will excel in your chosen field.
c) You will lack motivation and become dissatisfied.
d) You will have a negative emotional experience.

3. What is required for a career?

a) A definite skill set.
b) A professional degree.
c) A certain level of education.
d) All of the above.

4. What is the importance of having a career?

a) It is a short-term strategy to earn money.
b) It is a long-term journey based on one's passions and personal
advancement.
c) It is not important to have a career.
d) It does not require a professional degree or skill set.

5. What is the difference between a job and a career?

a) A job is short-term, while a career is a long-term journey.
b) A job requires a professional degree, while a career does not.
c) A job does not require future planning, while a career does.
d) Both a and c.

6. What is the first thing one should consider while choosing a career?
a) Future growth prospects.
b) Personal advancement.
c) Interest and passion.
d) Availability of job opportunities.

7. Which factor should one consider while choosing a career based on

personality type?
a) Education level.
b) Professional degree.
c) Social interaction.
d) All of the above.

8. What should one do before pursuing a preferred career path?

a) Identify strengths and weaknesses.
b) Acquire a professional degree.
c) Apply for a job.
d) Take an online aptitude test.
 34

9. Which attribute is necessary for pursuing a career in visual arts?

a) Logical skills.
b) Leadership qualities.
c) Independence.
d) Creativity.

10. What is the importance of consulting a veteran in the field of one's interest?
a) To gain valuable insight into the field's expectations, procedures,
difficulties, and rewards.
b) To obtain a professional degree.
c) To acquire job opportunities.
d) All of the above.

11. What should one do to gain information about a career in academia?

a) Visit a recruitment center.
b) Consult a professional career counselor.
c) Talk to a teacher or veteran in the field.
d) Take an online aptitude test.

12. What is the importance of choosing a career based on one's values?

a) It helps in future growth and personal advancement.
b) It complements one's personality type.
c) It leads to satisfaction and happiness.
d) All of the above.

13. What is the importance of possessing the required skills while pursuing a
career?
a) It leads to success and growth in the chosen field.
b) It ensures satisfaction and happiness.
c) It helps in acquiring a professional degree.
d) None of the above.

14. What is the importance of attending career counseling seminars or seeking

professional career counseling?
a) It helps in choosing a suitable career.
b) It provides guidance through the admission process.
c) It suggests methods to obtain scholarships.
d) All of the above.

15. What is the importance of identifying one's values in choosing a career?

a) To know if you possess the required skills to pursue your preferred career
b) To have a clear vision of your future
c) To determine if you are an extroverted or introverted person
d) To know what kind of workplace is more appealing to you
 35

16. What should an individual do before taking the entrance test for
admission to university?
a) Visit libraries or search the internet for relevant material for
preparation
b) Have a backup plan in case they are unable to achieve their goals
c) Have an honest assessment of themselves
d) Attend career counselling seminars

17. Why is it necessary to remain realistic about other potential opportunities?

a) To give up on your dreams
b) To review your strategy and make an effort with new vigour
c) To redesign your goals
d) To explore different opportunities until you find the one that suits you

18. What should an individual do if they are unable to achieve their goals despite
genuine efforts?
a) Give up on their dreams
b) Have an honest retrospection and redesign their goals
c) Remain unrealistic about other potential opportunities
d) Attend career counselling seminars

19. What should an individual do to successfully optimize their true potential?

a) Have a backup plan
b) Determine if they are an extroverted or introverted person
c) Identify the field or career where they can successfully optimize their
true potential
d) Attend career counselling seminars

Introduction:
My Bank Stephen Leacock

Stephen P. H Butler Leacock, (30 December 1869 – 28 March 1944) was a Canadian
teacher, political scientist, writer, and humorist. Between the years 1915 and 1925, he
was the best-known English-speaking humorist in the world. He is known for his light
humour along with criticisms of people's follies. The Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal
for Humour was named in his honour.

Summary:
Our author had a particular kind of fear about banks. Every time he entered a bank, to
do business, he felt awfully frightened. The author was afraid of banks but he had to go
to a bank, as he received a raise in his salary. As he entered the bank his fear overlooks him.
In this panic, the author made number of stupid mistakes. He entered the bank and
demanded to see the manager alone. The author was taken to a private room. The
manager was convinced that the author was millionaire who wished to deposit millions
 36

of dollars. But the manager was very upset, when he learns that the author wanted to
deposit, fifty six dollars and that he would deposit fifty dollars every month. Quite
obviously the manager was irritated and directed him to the accountant, so that his
account could be opened, which was duly done. After having deposited fifty-six dollars.
The author wanted to withdraw six dollars for his current use. In his nervousness, the
author made a blunder. Instead of writing a cheque for six dollars he had written fifty-
six dollars. The accountant looked at him in astonishment and asked if he wanted to
withdraw all his money. The author realized his mistake, but wanted to cover up his
stupidity. So, he replied he wanted to draw all his money. Author was feeling miserable
and he wants to rush out of the bank sooner than he received his money, he rushed out
of the bank as he did so, a loud burst of laughter went up, to the roof of the bank.

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Q.1 Write a summary of ‘My Bank Account’

What was the experience of Stephen Leacock while he was opening his account?
My Bank Account is the humoro us story. Discuss
.
Ans. Our author had a particular (‫ ) َخمص‬kind of fear about banks when he entered there to do
business, he felt awfully frightened and demanded to see the manager alone. The
manager was convinced that the author was millionaire who wished to deposit millions
of dollars. But the manager was very upset, when he learns that the author wanted to
deposit, fifty- six dollars and that he would deposit fifty dollars every month. After
having deposited
fifty-six dollars the author wanted to withdraw (‫ )اکِنن ل‬six dollars for his current use.
Instead of writing a cheque of six dollars he had written fifty-six dollars. Later, the
author realized his mistake, but wanted to cover up his stupidity. Author was feeling
miserable (‫ ) َدباحل‬and
he wants to rush out of the bank sooner than he received his money, he rushed out of
the bank as he did so, a loud burst of laughter went up, to the roof of the bank.

Q.2 What was the manager’s reaction when the author told him that he would like
to see him alone?
Ans. When the author told manager to see him alone, the manager looked astonished (‫)دن‬.
The word ‘alone’ made him puzzled, and he thought that the visitor (author) had some
terrible secret to share. Considering him Pinkerton’s detective he took the author into a
private room to remain saved from interruptio n. In conclusion, it can be stated that the
bank manager got nervous and his anxiety (‫ی‬ ‫ش‬.‫ ) خت‬was apparent (‫ )واحض‬on his face since
the
author asked him to meet alone.
The author himself comically (‫ )زماہیح‬comments for manager’s condition.
“My mysterious manner had made him think that I was a detective. I knew what he
was thinking, and it made me worse.”
Stephan Leacock

Q.3 What mistake does the author make when he tries to do business there? Why does
he do so?
What mistake did the author make when he wrote a cheque? What was its impact?
Why was there a roar of laughter when the author left the bank?
According to author, what is the effect on him on entering a bank to do business?
 37

Why did ‘roar of laughter’ follow the author leaving the bank?
Ans. He wrote fifty-six dollars instead of six dollars due to his immense discouraging state of
mind. Therefore, his anxiety had made him commit foolish mistake on cheque. For
present use he wanted to draw six dollars out of fifty six, but in confusion he wrote fifty
six dollars, in this way there was no amount of money left in his recently opened
account. The good textual evidence to support the argument can be furnished through
the following lines of text:
“Then I realized that I had written fifty-six dollars instead of six. I was too upset to
reason now. I had a feeling that it was impossible to explain the thing. All the
clerks had stopped writing to look at me.”

Q.4 Why it is wiser to keep one’s money in a bank than to hoard it in one’s home?
Ans. From the security point of view it is wiser to keep money in a bank rather than
hoarding (‫ )عمجرکان‬it at home. Robbers and burglars (‫ (وچرولےٹرے‬are found everywhere in
the world. Therefore, wealth of people are unsafe. So, bank is considered the safest place
for keeping money. Another reason of opening an account may be profit. Bank gives
share of
profit when they utilize your amount in business.

Q.5 Why there was “a roar of laughter” where the author left the bank?
Instead of writing a cheque for six dollars he had written fifty-six dollars. The accountant
looked at him in astonishment ( ‫ )ریحت‬and asked if he wanted to withdraw all his
money. The author realized his mistake, but wanted to cover up his stupidity. So, he
replied he wanted to withdraw all his money. Author was feeling miserable and he wants
to rush out
of the bank sooner. As he acquires his amount, he rushed out of the bank. As he did so, a
loud burst of laughter went up, to the roof of the bank.

Q.6 The author, Stephen Leacock, was a respected university teacher and a
highly successful writer. Do you think this is a true story?
This story does not seem be a true story. My Bank Account is an extract from his book,
Literary Lapses; the title suggests that Stephan Leacock, the author, has made fun of
himself, rather than mocking others. It is a style of comedy to criticize self, but not
others. Another important reason is that it is unlikely to be his own story, owing to his
high education and profession. A university teacher can never be so upset due to bank
phobia, because his salary matters have directly link with bank.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Who was Stephen P. H Butler Leacock?

a. An American teacher
b. A Canadian teacher, political scientist, writer, and humorist
c. A British teacher, political scientist, writer, and humorist
d. A Canadian businessman

2. What was Stephen Leacock known for?

a. Writing serious books
b. Writing funny stories and criticizing people's follies
c. Being a famous politician
d. Being a successful banker
 38

3. What is the Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour?

a. A medal given to the funniest person in Canada
b. A prize given to the best English-speaking humorist in the world
c. A medal given to the most successful writer in Canada
d. A prize given to the best political scientist in Canada

4. Why was the author afraid of banks?

a. He had a bad experience once
b. He didn't like the atmosphere of banks
c. He had a particular kind of fear
d. He had never been to a bank before

5. Why did the author have to go to the bank?

a. To withdraw money
b. To deposit money
c. To apply for a loan
d. To open an account

6. What happened to the author's fear when he entered the bank?

a. It increased b. It decreased
c. It remained the same d. It disappeared completely

7. What mistake did the author make when he entered the bank?
a. He demanded to see the manager alone
b. He entered the wrong room
c. He forgot his wallet d. He made no mistake

8. Where was the author taken by the bank manager?

a. To the main hall c. To the accountant's office
b. To a private room d. To the ATM

9. What did the manager think about the author?

a. He thought he was poor
b. He thought he was a millionaire
c. He didn't think anything special about him
d. He thought he was a thief

10. How much money did the author want to deposit initially?
a. Fifty-six dollars c. Six dollars
b. Fifty dollars d. One hundred dollars

11. Why was the manager upset with the author?

a. Because he had made a mistake
b. Because he was not a millionaire
c. Because he had wasted his time
d. Because he was rude
 39

12. What did the author want to do after depositing fifty-six dollars?
a. Withdraw all his money c. Withdraw fifty dollars
b. Withdraw six dollars d. Deposit more money

13. What mistake did the author make while withdrawing money?
a. He wrote a cheque for six dollars
b. He wrote a cheque for fifty-six dollars
c. He forgot to sign the cheque
d. He gave the wrong account number

14. What did the accountant ask the author?

a. If he wanted to deposit money
b. If he wanted to withdraw money
c. If he wanted to close his account
d. If he wanted to open a new account

15. What did the author reply to the accountant's question?

a. He wanted to deposit more money
b. He wanted to withdraw all his money
c. He wanted to close his account
d. He wanted to open a new account

Qaid on 11 August, 1947

The Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah delivered a significant presidential address to Pakistan's first Constituent Ass

. ‫ی‬. ‫ خ ل ّخی‬.
‫ب ِه خو‬.ِ ‫ی ِه خو خ خَعلآ ِل ِه خو خأ ْ خْص‬.ْ ‫ُهلل خعلخ‬ ‫ خنىَّلَصا‬. ‫یی‬.ِّ ِ ‫ٌدمحم خروُس ُلاهِلل خ خ ُتا‬
‫رضحت‬. that emphasized speech The
‫َ ل َّخم‬
of teachings the reflected and God. of eyes the in equal are men all ‫س‬

Quaid E Azam thanks the Constituent Assembly for electing him and hopes for their support and
cooperation. The assembly has two main tasks: to create a constitution for Pakistan and to
function as the Federal Legislature. The President acknowledges the uniqueness of the situation,
as the creation of two independent sovereign dominions in the sub-continent is unprecedented
in world history. The President emphasizes the responsibility of the assembly to do their best in
adopting a provisional constitution for the legislature.

Quaid E Azam emphasized the importance of maintaining law and order as the first duty of the
government, and the need to tackle bribery and corruption, which he called a "poison" in
society. He also spoke about the issue of black-marketing, which he said was a colossal crime
against society, and the need to severely punish those who indulge in it. Additionally, he
highlighted the legacy of nepotism and jobbery in society, which he vowed to crush relentlessly.

Jinnah emphasizes the importance of treating everyone equally, irrespective of their

community, color, caste or creed. He states that every citizen of Pakistan has equal rights,
privileges and
 40

obligations, and should be treated as such. He calls for the elimination of discrimination and
distinctions between different communities, castes or creeds, and emphasizes the importance of
working towards the goal of creating a society where everyone is considered an equal citizen of
the state.

Jinnah also highlights the importance of religious freedom in Pakistan, stating that people are
free to go to their respective places of worship, irrespective of their religion, caste or creed. He
emphasizes that religion has nothing to do with the business of the state, and that people are
free to follow their own beliefs without any interference from the state.

In conclusion, Jinnah thanks the people for their support and honors him with their presence,
and pledges to be guided by the principles of justice and fair-play without any political language,
prejudice or ill-will. He expresses his optimism for a prosperous Pakistan and calls for the
support and co-operation of the people in achieving this goal.
Difficult Words Urdu Meaning
1. Constituent Assembly ‫یلیکشتالبمس‬
2. Sovereign ‫احمک‬
3. Unprecedented ‫ےبریظن‬
4. Adopting ‫وبقلرکان‬
5. Provisional ‫اعریض‬
6. Bribery ‫روشت‬
7. Corruption ‫دبونعاین‬
8. Nepotism ‫ونیوپتس‬
9. Jobbery ‫اایتمز‬
10. Discrimination ‫رفتقی‬
11. Creed ‫ذمیبہاقعئ‬
12. Religious freedom ‫ذمیبہآزادی‬
13. Interference ‫دلخدنی‬
14. Prejudice ‫صعت‬
15. Optimism ‫ادیمواری‬

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 Why was the Quaid feeling honoured while addressing the first
Constituent Assembly?
Ans. The Quaid-e-Azam felt honored while addressing the first Constituent Assembly because
they had elected him as their President. He acknowledged their trust and hoped for their
support and cooperation in achieving the two main tasks of the assembly - creating a
constitution for Pakistan and functioning as the Federal Legislature. He considered it a
unique situation as the creation of two independent sovereign dominions in the sub-
continent was unprecedented in world history.
 41

Q.2 Which is the greatest curse according to the Quaid-e-Azam?

Ans. According to the Quaid-e-Azam, the greatest curse is bribery and corruption, which he
called a "poison" in society. He urged the assembly to tackle this issue and emphasized
the need to severely punish those who indulge in it. He also spoke about the issue of
black- marketing, which he considered a colossal crime against society.

Q.3 What was the Quaid's vision about religious freedom?

Ans. The Quaid's vision about religious freedom was that people are free to go to their
respective places of worship, irrespective of their religion, caste or creed. He
emphasized that religion has nothing to do with the business of the state and that people
are free to follow their own beliefs without any interference from the state. He believed
in a society where people of different religions can coexist peacefully and respect each
other's beliefs.

Q.4 According to the Quaid-e-Azam, what lesson should we learn?

Ans. According to the Quaid-e-Azam, the lesson we should learn is to treat everyone equally,
irrespective of their community, color, caste or creed. He believed that every citizen of
Pakistan has equal rights, privileges and obligations and should be treated as such. He
called for the elimination of discrimination and distinctions between different
communities, castes or creeds and emphasized the importance of working towards the
goal of creating a society where everyone is considered an equal citizen of the state.

Q.5 How for the key ideas of the Quaid's speech are applicable to the present
scenario? Ans. The key ideas of the Quaid's speech are still applicable to the present
scenario. Pakistan still faces issues of corruption, discrimination, and religious intolerance.
The need to maintain law and order, tackle bribery and corruption, and create a just and equal
society
is still as relevant today as it was in 1947. The Quaid's vision of religious freedom and
coexistence is still an aspiration for many Pakistanis today. Therefore, the Quaid's vision
and principles continue to guide Pakistan's future, and it is essential to keep them in
mind while addressing the country's challenges.

Q.6 How can we make Pakistan prosperous in the light of the Quaid's vision?
Ans. To make Pakistan prosperous in the light of the Quaid's vision, we need to prioritize the
principles of equality and justice for all citizens, regardless of their religion, caste or
creed. This means promoting and protecting the rights of all citizens and ensuring that
they have equal access to opportunities, resources, and services. We also need to focus
on eliminating corruption and nepotism, which are significant obstacles to progress and
development.

Furthermore, we must invest in education and healthcare, as they are crucial for human
development and a prosperous society. By providing quality education and healthcare to
all citizens, we can ensure that everyone has the tools they need to succeed and
contribute to the growth of the country. Additionally, we need to prioritize economic
growth and job creation, which can be achieved through investment in infrastructure,
technology, and entrepreneurship.

Q.7 "I shall always be guided by the principles of justice and fair play without any
political language, prejudice and ill-will." Elaborate these words.
Ans. Quaid's statement, "I shall always be guided by the principles of justice and fair play
without any political language, prejudice and ill-will," it reflects his commitment to
leading with integrity, honesty, and impartiality. He recognized that political language,
 42

prejudice, and ill-will can hinder progress and divide society, and he believed in treating
all citizens with respect and dignity. By following these principles, leaders can earn the
trust and respect of the people and create a more stable and prosperous society.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Who delivered the presidential address to Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly?

a) Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Jawaharlal Nehru d) Muhammad Iqbal

2. What did Quaid-e-Azam emphasize as the first duty of the government?

a) Maintaining law and order c) Providing healthcare
b) Building infrastructure d) Promoting education

3. What did Quaid-e-Azam refer to as a "poison" in society?

a) Bribery and corruption c) Poverty
b) Religious intolerance d) Illiteracy

4. What did Quaid-e-Azam say about black-marketing?

a) It is a minor issue in society
b) It is a colossal crime against society
c) It should be legalized
d) It should be ignored by the government
5. What did Quaid-e-Azam vow to do about the legacy of nepotism and jobbery in society?
a) Ignore it c) Crush it relentlessly
b) Tolerate it d) Encourage it

6. What did Quaid-e-Azam emphasize about treating people equally?

a) It is not important
b) It is only important for certain communities
c) It is important for all citizens of Pakistan
d) It is important for all citizens of the world
7. What did Quaid-e-Azam call for the elimination of in society?
a) Discrimination and distinctions between different communities
b) Religious freedom
c) Bribery and corruption d) Nepotism and jobbery

8. What did Quaid-e-Azam say about religious freedom in

Pakistan?
a) People are not free to go to their respective places of worship
b) People are free to go to their respective places of worship
c) People can only go to mosques
d) Religion has everything to do with the business of the state

9. What did Quaid-e-Azam say about the role of religion in the state?
a) It is important for the state to enforce a particular religion
b) It is not important for the state to interfere with people's religious beliefs
c) The state should only promote a particular religion
d) The state should ignore religion completely
 43

10. What did Quaid-e-Azam pledge to be guided by?

a) Principles of justice and fair-play without any political language, prejudice or
ill- will
b) Principles of discrimination and prejudice
c) Principles of religious freedom
d) Principles of corruption and nepotism

11. What did Quaid-e-Azam express optimism

for?
c) A prosperous Bangladesh
a) A prosperous India
d) A prosperous Sri Lanka
b) A prosperous Pakistan

12. What did Quaid-e-Azam call for from the people in achieving the goal of a prosperous
Pakistan?
a) Their criticism b) Their indifference
c) Their support and cooperation
d) Their opposition

13. When was the presidential address delivered to Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly?
a) August 11, 1945
b) August 11, 1947
c) August 14, 1947
d) August 15, 1947

A Voyage to the City of Lions

From Travelogue of Altof Shaikh translated by Professor Manoj Kumar
Summary:
Singapore is a small island country that is known for its prosperity and wealth. Despite
its size, it is a hub for trade, tourism, and ships from all over the world. The country is
home to a diverse population of different religions and languages, with English, Malay,
Chinese, and Tamil being the national languages. Masjid Sultan is the largest mosque in
Singapore, and there is a significant Muslim population. The city's economy depends
heavily on imports, tourism, and trade, similar to Japan. A bridge connects Singapore to
Johor, Malaysia, just a quarter-mile away.

Singapore is a shopper's paradise where one can find almost everything at cheaper rates.
The workforce of Singapore depends on outsiders in different ways. Public buses ply on
the roads, even wealthy people and high officials often travel in these buses instead of
their own cars. The largest market in Singapore is Raffles Pulse. The spirit of cleanliness
is present in everyone, and the government is also strict in the matter of cleanliness. There
is minimal noise and air pollution in Singapore, and laws are strict.

After exploring the city of Singapore, the tourists decided to visit the countryside. The
lush greenery and serene environment of the countryside were quite peaceful. The
coastline accompanied the road, and pineapples and rubber trees were cultivated there.
During the bus ride, some girls entered and offered fresh pineapple slices for sale,
which the tourists enjoyed. The city is known as the "City of Lion" and is a fusion of
Eastern and
 44

Western cultures. The Singaporean government spends a considerable amount of its

income, 25%, on education. Quality education is provided to every child in the country,
and students are encouraged to participate in debates and sports to develop their
confidence.

DIFFICULT WORDS

Difficult Words Urdu Meaning

1. inland ‫درایےئدالخ‬
2. barges ‫ربج‬
3. causeway ‫رادہاری‬
4. sizable ‫وقعملدحت‬
5. prosperous ‫وخاحشل‬
6. abundant ‫تہبزایدہ‬
7. hub ‫رمک‬
8. ply ‫الچان‬
9. incessantly ‫اگالتر‬
10.bargaining ‫ذمارکاترکان‬
11.transgressions ‫الخفورزایں‬
12.penalties ‫زسا‬
13.nook and corner ‫رہوکےنوکےنںیم‬
14.littering ‫وکڑانکنیھپ‬
15.hustle and bustle ‫وشررشاہب‬
16.serene ‫اسنک‬
17.coastline ‫اسیلحدام‬
18.orchards ‫اباغت‬
19.provision ‫رفایمہ‬
20.debates ‫ثحب‬
21.coexisting ‫مہآگنہ‬

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is Singapore known for?

a. Its size c. Its diverse population
b. Its prosperity and wealth d. Its national languages
 45

2. What is the largest mosque in

Singapore?
c. Johor
a. Masjid Sultan
d. Malaysia
b. Raffles Pulse

3. What does Singapore’s economy depend heavily on?

a. Exports c. Imports
b. Tourism d. All of the above

4. What connects Singapore to Johor, Malaysia?

a. A bridge
c. A ferry
b. A tunnel d. A train

5. What is the largest market in

Singapore?
c. Johor
a. Masjid Sultan
d. Malaysia
b. Raffles Pulse

6. What is Singapore known as?

a. The City of Lion
c. The City of Elephant
b. The City of Tiger d. The City of Bear

7. What percentage of income does the Singaporean government spend on

education?
a. 10% b. 15% c. 20% d. 25%

8. What is cultivated in the countryside of Singapore?

a. Pineapples and rubber trees c. Mangoes and bananas
b. Apples and oranges d. Grapes and berries

9. What do girls offer for sale during a bus ride in Singapore’s countryside?
a. Fresh apple slices c. Fresh pineapple slices
b. Fresh orange slices d. Fresh mango slices

10. What is the spirit of cleanliness present in everyone in Singapore?

a. Minimal noise pollution c. Minimal water pollution
b. Minimal air pollution d. Minimal land pollution

11. What are the national languages of Singapore?

a. English, Malay, Chinese, and Tamil
b. English, French, Chinese, and Tamil
c. English, Malay, Spanish, and Tamil
d. English, Malay, Chinese, and German
 46

12. What is Raffles Pulse?

a. The largest mosque in Singapore
b. The largest market in Singapore
c. A bridge connecting Singapore to Johor, Malaysia
d. None of the above

13. Which country is connected to Singapore by a bridge?

a. Thailand c. Malaysia
b. Indonesia d. Vietnam

14. Which city is known as “The City of

Lion”?
c. Seoul
a. Tokyo
d. Singapore
b. Beijing

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 What is the geographical location of Singapore city?

Ans. The geographical location of Singapore city is in Southeast Asia, located on the
southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It is also an island city-state and consists of
63 islands.

Q.2 What are barged and how are these operated?

Ans. Barges are flat-bottomed boats used to transport goods along rivers, canals, or
in coastal waters. In Singapore, barges are used to transport bulk cargo, such as
oil, chemicals, and sand, from larger vessels to shore or between ports. They are
operated by tugboats and can carry a significant amount of cargo.

Q.3 How is Singapore connected to Malaysia?

Ans. Singapore is connected to Malaysia via a causeway bridge that stretches across
the Johor Strait. It is a 1,056-meter-long bridge that connects Woodlands in
the north of Singapore to Johor Bahru in Malaysia.

Q.4 Describe briefly the significance of Singapore port?

Ans. The significance of the Singapore port is that it is one of the busiest and most
important ports in the world. It is strategically located on major shipping lanes,
making it an important transhipment hub. The port handles a wide variety of
goods, including oil, chemicals, electronics, and consumer goods, and is
responsible for a significant portion of Singapore's economy.

Q.5 What are reasons for prosperity of Singapore in spite of very little area?
Ans. Despite its small size, Singapore has prospered due to its strategic location, skilled
workforce, and strong focus on economic development. The country has an open
and business-friendly environment, which has attracted significant foreign
investment. Additionally, Singapore has invested heavily in education and
infrastructure, which has helped to drive economic growth.
 47

Q.6 How is Singapore one of the attractive areas for tourists?

Ans. Singapore is an attractive area for tourists due to its vibrant culture, diverse
cuisine, and numerous tourist attractions. Some of the most popular tourist
attractions include Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by the Bay, Sentosa Island, and
the Singapore Zoo. The country also hosts numerous festivals and events
throughout the year, which attract tourists from around the world.

Q.7 How does Singapore keep itself clean?

Ans. Singapore keeps itself clean through strict enforcement of laws and regulations
related to littering, smoking, and pollution. The government has also implemented
a comprehensive waste management system that includes recycling and waste-to-
energy incineration. Additionally, the country has a strong focus on environmental
sustainability and has implemented numerous initiatives to reduce its carbon
footprint.

Q.8 Describe any four interesting aspects of Singapore.

Ans. Four interesting aspects of Singapore include its diverse population and culture,
its impressive skyline and architecture, its world-class food scene, and its
commitment to innovation and technology.

Q.9 Why is Singapore called the fusion of the East and the West?
Ans. Singapore is called the fusion of the East and the West because it has a unique
blend of Asian and Western influences. The country's history as a British colony
and its location at the crossroads of various trading routes have contributed to this
cultural fusion.

Q.10 Describe briefly the education in Singapore.

Ans. Education in Singapore is a top priority for the government, which spends a
significant portion of its budget on education. The country has a highly
developed education system that emphasizes academic excellence and holistic
development. Students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities,
such as sports and the arts, and are taught values such as respect, responsibility,
and resilience.
 48

Pearls of Wisdoms Sheikh Saadi

About Author:
Sheikh Saadi's full name is Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdallah Shirazi, commonly
known as Saadi Shirazi. Sheikh Saadi was a Persian poet and writer who lived in the 13th
century. He is considered one of the greatest Persian poets and his works have been translated
into many languages. Saadi's most famous works include the Bustan (The Orchard) and the
Gulistan (The Rose Garden), which contain a collection of moral tales and aphorisms. His writing
is known for its simplicity and accessibility, and he often used humor and satire to convey his
messages. Saadi's works have had a significant influence on Persian literature and culture, as
well as on literature worldwide.

Text I
The text describes a conversation between two brothers, one of whom is in the sultan’s service,
and the other earns his living through physical labour. The wealthy brother asks the destitute
brother why he doesn’t serve the sultan to escape the hardships of physical labour. The
destitute brother responds that he values his freedom and independence more than the luxury
of serving the sultan.

Difficult words meaning form the Text I

Difficult words Urdu meanings
1. destitute ‫مکامیپن‬،‫ےبسب‬
2. baseness ‫ےباشگتسئ‬،‫ےبوہدیگ‬
3. leaven ‫ریمخںیماجنڑپان‬،‫ریمخوکوخوبشدارا نبان‬
4. mortar ‫اکپاینہٹالتپاگرا‬،‫ومرھت‬
5. quicklime ‫ایمیکیئامدہ‬،‫رسخوشرہ‬
6. amir ‫رسدار‬،‫احمک‬،‫اعرم‬
7. ignoble ‫رگاںربت‬،‫ےبزعت‬
8. bend the back ‫تقشمرکان‬،‫تنحمرکان‬

Text II
A wise man on a boat with a king and a slave calmed the trembling slave by throwing him into
the water and then pulling him back onto the boat. The slave sat down and became quiet, which
surprised the king. The wise man explained that the slave did not appreciate the safety of the
boat until he tasted the calamity of drowning.

Difficult words meaning form the Text II

Difficult words Urdu meanings
1. inconvenience ‫آزار‬،‫فیلکت‬
2. pacified ‫اھبنسالیگ‬،‫لمحتم‬
3. remedied ‫کیھٹایکایگ‬،‫رمتّم‬
4. wise ‫نملقع‬،‫داان‬
 49

5. immunity ‫امیبریےساچبو‬،‫تیف‬L
6. befallen ‫شیپآان‬،‫واعقوہان‬

Text III
An Arab of the desert narrates his story of being lost in the desert and finding a bag that he
hoped would contain food but was disappointed to find it filled with pearls. The moral of the
story is that when a person is starving and weak, the value of material possessions such as
pearls becomes meaningless.

Difficult words meaning form the Text III

Difficult Words Urdu Meaning
1. consumed ‫متخرکدای‬
2. provisions ‫رزق‬،‫رضورایت‬
3. bitterness ‫ڑکوانپ‬،‫یخلت‬
4. ecstasy ‫ودج‬،‫ااہتنیئوخیش‬
5. parched ‫کشخ‬،‫وساھک‬
6. potsherds ‫وھکےلھکرگےوہےئربنتےکڑکٹے‬

Text IV
A sage advised his students to learn a skill, as worldly possessions such as property and riches,
silver and gold are not reliable and can be lost easily. However, a profession is like a living
fountain and a permanent source of wealth. Even if a professional person loses his riches, his
skill will still be respected and valued wherever he goes. On the other hand, those who have no
skill will face difficulties and struggle to make ends meet.

Difficult words meaning form the Text IV

Difficult words Urdu Meaning
1. sage ‫یکح‬،‫اعرف‬
2. relied upon ‫اامتعدرکان‬
3. occasion ‫وہج‬،‫ومعق‬
4. gradually ‫دتریجیوطررپ‬
5. permanent ‫قتسم‬،‫دایمئ‬
6. glean ‫یچبیچکرکان‬،‫اضعئرکان‬

Text V
The wise man believes that only a person who interrupts someone else's conversation to
confess their folly is truly foolish. He advises against inserting one's words between those of
others and encourages those with intelligence to wait for a moment of silence before speaking.

Difficult words meaning form the Text V

 50

Difficult words Meanings

1. confession ‫اینپیطلغاکارتعافرکان‬
2. folly ‫ااقمحہنمع‬،‫ےبووقیف‬
3. deliberation ‫وسچاچبررکان‬،‫وشمرہرکان‬
4. intelligence ‫ذاہتن‬،‫لقع‬،‫داانیئ‬
5. shrewdness ‫اکمری‬،‫داانیئ‬،‫اچلیک‬
6. silence ‫وکست‬،‫اخومیش‬

:Maxims (‫تمکحیلمع‬, ‫)اوصل‬

The author suggests that property should be used for the comfort of life and not for
accumulating wealth. According to a wise man, those who have eaten and sowed are lucky while
those who have died without enjoying are unlucky.

It is improper and unwise to take medicine without proper knowledge or to follow a caravan
blindly without knowing the road. The famous scholar Imam Muhammad Ghazali achieved his
knowledge by not being ashamed to ask about things he did not know.

Trying to prove one's strength against a stronger opponent can lead to one's own downfall.

Education without natural capacity is useless, and natural capacity without education is

pitiable.

Small things, when accumulated over time, can become something much larger. The same goes
for knowledge, wealth, and other aspects of life.

It is not wise to confide every secret to a friend, as they may one day become an enemy. It is also
not right to harm an enemy in every possible way, as they may one day become a friend.

Difficult words meaning form Maxims

Difficult words Meanings
1. accumulation ‫اابنش‬،‫عمجرکان‬
2. sage ‫یکح‬،‫اعرف‬،‫داان‬
3. lucky ‫ایتخبر‬،‫وخشتمسق‬
4. enjoyed ‫زمہنیل‬،‫فطلااھٹان‬
5. contrary ‫الخف‬،‫ربسکع‬،P‫ا‬
6. opinion ‫رظنی‬،‫راےئ‬،‫ایخل‬
7. caravan ‫رکٹاو‬،‫ہھتج‬،‫اکرواں‬
8. degree ‫حطس‬،‫رمبت‬،‫درہج‬
9. prowess ‫اہبدری‬،‫وقت‬،‫زربد تس‬
. ‫ت‬
10. contemptible ‫اِقلبیقحت‬،‫لک‬, ‫ مہ‬،‫ریقح‬
11. capacity ‫اقتیلب‬،‫الصتیح‬،‫ادعتساد‬
12. deplorable ‫اوسفانسک‬،‫دباحتل‬،‫اقِلباوسفس‬
 51

13. thrown away ‫ر ِداکر‬،‫ےبافئہ‬،‫اضعئرکدای‬

14. retains ‫احبلرانھک‬،‫ربرقاررانھک‬،‫اقمئرانھک‬
15. costliness ‫رگاںدقر‬،‫دقر‬،‫تمیق‬
16. capacity ‫اقتیلب‬،‫الصتیح‬،‫ادعتساد‬
17. inflict ‫زدووخردرکان‬،‫فیلکتدنی‬،‫ذعابدنی‬
18. enemy ‫دعو‬،‫رحفی‬،‫دنمش‬
19. foe ‫دعو‬،‫رحفی‬،‫دنمش‬
20. confide ‫رپسدیگرکان‬،‫رھبوہسر کان‬،‫اامتعدرکان‬
21. possess ‫ہضبقرکان‬،‫احلصرکان‬،‫امکلوہان‬

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What does the destitute brother value more than the luxury of serving the sultan?
a) Physical labour c) Wealth and luxury
b) Freedom and d) Serving the sultan
independence

2. What did the wise man do to calm the trembling slave on the boat?
a) Gave him food to eat
b) Threw him into the water and pulled him back onto the boat
c) Sang him a song
d) Gave him money

3. What did the Arab of the desert find in the bag he discovered?
a. Food b. Water c. Pearls d. Money

4. What did the sage advise his students to learn?

a. How to accumulate worldly possessions
b. How to make friends with the rich and powerful
c. A skill or profession
d. How to rely on silver and gold

5. According to the sage, what is a permanent source of wealth?

a. Property and riches c. A skill or profession
b. Silver and gold d. Wealth and luxury

6. What does the wise man believe is the sign of a truly foolish
person?
a. Interrupting someone else's conversation to confess their folly
b. Remaining silent when they have something important to say
c. Speaking loudly and forcefully
d. Waiting for a moment of silence before speaking

7. What surprised the king about the slave's reaction after he was thrown into the
water?
a. The slave didn't appreciate the safety of the boat until he tasted
the calamity of drowning
b. The slave became angry and started shouting
 52

c. The slave refused to get back onto the boat

d. The slave became physically violent

8. What did the wealthy brother suggest to the destitute brother?

a. To earn a living through physical labour
b. To serve the sultan to escape the hardships of physical labour
c. To find a wealthy wife
d. To borrow money from him

9. What did the Arab of the desert learn about material possessions when he was
starving and weak?
a. They become more valuable when a person is starving and weak
b. They become meaningless when a person is starving and weak
c. They are more important than food and water
d. They can be exchanged for food and water

10. What does the wise man compare a profession to?

a. A temporary source of wealth
b. A permanent source of wealth
c. A living fountain
d. A source of physical labour

11. According to the sage, what is not a reliable source of wealth?

a. Property and riches c. A skill or profession
b. Silver and gold d. Physical labour

12. What did the wise man do to the slave to calm him down?
a. Sang him a song
b. Gave him money
c. Threw him into the water and pulled him back onto the boat
d. Gave him food to eat

13. What did the Arab of the desert hope to find in the bag he discovered?
a. Food b. Water c. Pearls d. Money

14. What did the wise man advise against?

a. Interrupting someone else's conversation to confess their folly
b. Remaining silent when they have something important to say
c. Speaking loudly and forcefully
d. Waiting for a moment of silence before speaking

15. What is the author's suggestion about property?

a. It should be accumulated for wealth
b. It should be used for the comfort of life
c. It should be shared with others

16. According to a wise man, who is lucky?

a. One who has accumulated a lot of wealth
b. One who has eaten and sowed
c. One who has travelled the world
 53

17. What is unwise according to the text?

a. Taking medicine without proper knowledge
b. Following a caravan without knowing the road
c. Both A and B

18. How did Imam Muhammad Ghazali achieve his knowledge?

a. By not being ashamed to ask about things he did not know
b. By memorizing everything he read
c. By being born with innate knowledge

19. What can happen if a weak person tries to show their strength against a
stronger opponent?
a. They will easily defeat the stronger opponent
b. They will end up aiding their own destruction
c. They will gain the respect of others

20. What is the value of education without natural capacity?

a. It is useful
b. It is useless
c. It is pitiable

21. What can small things accumulate to become?

a. Something much larger
b. Something much smaller
c. Nothing at all

22. Why is it not wise to confide every secret to a friend?

a. They may become an enemy someday
b. They may forget your secret
c. They may not be interested in your secret
23. What is not right according to the text?
a. Harming an enemy in every possible way
b. Helping a friend in need
c. Forgiving someone who has wronged you

24. What is the general theme of the given

text?
a. The value of education and knowledge
b. The importance of wealth accumulation
c. The wisdom of certain principles and practices

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 What did the wealthy man ask the poor brother and what was his reply?
Ans. The wealthy brother asked the destitute brother why he doesn’t serve the sultan to escape
the hardships of physical labour. The destitute brother responds that he values his
freedom and independence more than the luxury of serving the sultan. This exchange
highlights the different priorities and values held by the two brothers, with one valuing
material wealth and security while the other values personal autonomy and freedom.
 54

Q.2 Why could the slave not be pacified even though he was in the same boat with
the king?
Ans. The slave could not be pacified even though he was in the same boat with the king because
he was too overwhelmed by fear and anxiety. The wise man on the boat then calmed the
slave by throwing him into the water and then pulling him back onto the boat. This act
allowed the slave to appreciate the safety and security of the boat, which he had
previously taken for granted.

Q. 3 What did the wise man do to make the slave realize about the security of boat?
Ans. The wise man on the boat calmed the trembling slave by throwing him into the water and
then pulling him back onto the boat. This act allowed the slave to appreciate the safety
and security of the boat, which he had previously taken for granted. The wise man's
actions illustrate the importance of experiencing adversity and hardship in order to fully
appreciate the good things in life.

Q.4 What kind of virtue the sage wanted to teach to his students?
Ans. The sage wanted to teach his students the virtue of having a skill or profession that can
provide a reliable source of income. He believed that material possessions such as
property and riches are not reliable and can be lost easily, whereas a profession is like a
living fountain and a permanent source of wealth.

Q.5 How does the professional man earn respect according to the sage?
Ans. According to the sage, the professional man earns respect by having a skill or profession
that can provide a reliable source of income. Even if a professional person loses his
riches, his skill will still be respected and valued wherever he goes. This is because a
skill or profession is something that cannot be taken away and represents a person's
hard work and dedication.

Q.6 Who is lucky and unlucky according to the maxim?

Ans. According to the maxim, those who have eaten and sowed are lucky while those who have
died without enjoying are unlucky. This suggests that it is important to enjoy the fruits
of one's labor and not accumulate wealth for its own sake. Instead, property should be
used for the comfort of life and not for accumulating wealth.

Q.7 Confide not to a friend every secret thou possess. How know you that he will
not some time become thy foe? How far do you agree and why?
Ans. The maxim "Confide not to a friend every secret thou possess. How know you that he will
not some time become thy foe?" cautions against revealing all secrets to friends, as they
may one day become enemies. This maxim highlights the importance of being discerning
and judicious with one's confidences, and of being aware of the potential consequences
of sharing sensitive information.

Q.8 Identify the maxim which reflects the value of real thing never fades or shatters.
Ans. The maxim "Small things, when accumulated over time, can become something much
larger" reflects the value of real things that never fade or shatter. This maxim
emphasizes the power of persistence and incremental progress, and suggests that even
small efforts can lead to significant results over time.
 55

Q.9 What kind of suggestion did Imam Ghazali give to the people?
Ans. Imam Ghazali advised people to ask about things they did not know and not be ashamed
of their lack of knowledge. This is because true wisdom comes from seeking knowledge
and learning from others, and not from pride or ignorance.

Q.10 Which tale from the above texts do you like the most? And why?
Ans. Among the tales presented, the tale of the wise man calming the trembling slave on the
boat is the most impactful to me. It demonstrates the importance of experiencing
adversity and hardship in order to appreciate the good things in life, and also highlights
the power of empathy and understanding in calming someone in distress. The tale also
underscores the importance of having wise mentors and guides who can provide
guidance and support in difficult times.

Struggle for an Education

Booker T. Washington

"Struggling for Education" is a personal narrative written by Booker T. Washington, the founder
of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. The story tells of Washington's experiences as a young
man in Virginia, where he was born into slavery and later became determined to obtain an
education.

The narrative begins with Washington's escape from slavery at the age of 9 and his subsequent
journey to Richmond, Virginia, where he hoped to find work and earn money for food. After
spending his first night sleeping under a sidewalk, he heard the tramp of feet over his head and
discovered that he was near a large ship. He approached the captain and asked if he could help
unload the vessel in exchange for money. The captain agreed, and Washington worked long
enough to earn money for his breakfast.

The captain was impressed with Washington's work and offered him a job on the ship for a
small amount per day. Washington accepted and continued to work and sleep under the same
sidewalk in Richmond. Eventually, he earned enough money to travel to Hampton, Virginia,
where he hoped to attend the Hampton Institute, a school for freed slaves.

Washington presented himself to the head teacher at the Hampton Institute, but his appearance
was disheveled and he was not immediately admitted to the school. The head teacher gave him
the task of sweeping the adjoining recitation room, which Washington completed meticulously,
going over every piece of furniture and cleaning every corner of the room. When the head
teacher inspected the room and found no trace of dirt, she admitted Washington to the school.

Washington reflects on this experience as a defining moment in his life, comparing it to a college
examination. He goes on to describe his experiences at the Hampton Institute, where he learned
practical skills and developed a strong work ethic. He later founded the Tuskegee Institute,
where he taught other freed slaves the skills they needed to succeed in life.

Throughout the narrative, Washington emphasizes the importance of education and hard work
in achieving success. He describes the obstacles he faced as a young man, including poverty,
racism, and discrimination, and how he overcame them through determination and
perseverance. Ultimately, Washington's story is one of triumph over adversity and a testament
to the power of education to change lives.
 56

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is the name of the author of "Struggling for Education"?

a. George Washington c. Booker T. Washington
b. Abraham Lincoln d. Frederick Douglass

2. At what age did Washington escape from slavery?

a. 7 b. 9 c. 11 d. 13

3. Where did Washington travel to after escaping slavery?

a. Richmond, Virginia c. Atlanta, Georgia
b. New York City, New York d. Washington D.C.

4. What did Washington ask the captain of the ship for in exchange for work?
a. Clothing c. Food
b. Shelter d. Money

5. What impressed the captain about Washington's work?

a. His speed
b. His strength
c. His ability to work long hours
d. His attention to detail

6. How did Washington earn money to attend the Hampton Institute?

a. By working on a ship
b. By working odd jobs in Richmond
c. By selling goods on the street
d. By begging for money

7. What task did the head teacher at the Hampton Institute give Washington?
a. Teaching a class
b. Cooking a meal
c. Sweeping a room
d. Building a fence

8. How many times did Washington sweep the recitation room?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

9. What did Washington use to dust the recitation room?

a. A feather duster c. A broom
b. A rag d. A vacuum cleaner

10. What did the head teacher do after inspecting the recitation room?
a. Admitted Washington to the school
b. Gave Washington another task to complete
c. Sent Washington away
d. Reported Washington to the authorities
 57

11. What is the name of the school for freed slaves that Washington attended?
a. Tuskegee Institute c. Yale University
b. Harvard University d. Princeton University

12. What skills did Washington learn at the Hampton Institute?

a. Practical skills c. Scientific skills
b. Artistic skills d. Athletic skills

13. What did Washington do after graduating from the Hampton Institute?
a. Moved to New York City
b. Started his own business
c. Founded the Tuskegee Institute
d. Traveled to Europe

14. What obstacles did Washington face as a young man?

a. Poverty, racism, and discrimination
b. Health issues, family problems, and legal trouble
c. Lack of education, poor work ethic, and laziness
d. Lack of opportunity, bad luck, and unfavorable circumstances

15. What is the main message of Washington's narrative?

a. The importance of education and hard work in achieving success
b. The need for social and political change to address racism
c. The power of money and status in determining one's future
d. The inevitability of failure in the face of adversity.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1 Why was the boy inspired to go to Hampton?

Ans. The boy was inspired to go to Hampton because he had heard about the Hampton
Institute, a school for freed slaves, and was determined to obtain an education. He
believed that education was the key to success and was willing to work hard to achieve
his goals.

Q.2 What did he learn during work?

Ans. During his work, the boy learned the value of hard work and perseverance. He developed
a strong work ethic and learned practical skills that would serve him well later in life. He
also learned the importance of making a good impression and being reliable.

Q.3 What happened to the money he had earned at Mrs. Ruffner's house?
Ans. The money he had earned at Mrs. Ruffner's house was stolen from him while he was
sleeping under a sidewalk in Richmond. This setback did not deter him from his goal of
attending the Hampton Institute.

Q.4 What did he do in Richmond in order to reach to Hampton city?

Ans. In order to reach Hampton, the boy worked odd jobs in Richmond to earn money for food
and transportation. He slept under a sidewalk and worked on a ship to earn enough
money to continue his journey.
 58

Q.5 Why did the boy thank the captain of the ship?
Ans. The boy thanked the captain of the ship for offering him work and helping him to earn
money. He recognized the captain's kindness and appreciated the opportunity to work
and earn a living.

Q.6 Why did the writer not make a favourable impression on the head teacher?
Ans. The writer did not make a favorable impression on the head teacher because his
appearance was disheveled and he did not look like a student. However, after he
completed the task of sweeping the recitation room, the head teacher saw his potential
and admitted him to the school.

Q.7 What did he have to go through in order to get admission at the Hampton Institute?
Ans. In order to get admission to the Hampton Institute, the boy had to complete the task
of sweeping the recitation room to the head teacher's satisfaction. This task required
attention to detail and a strong work ethic, and the boy completed it successfully,
earning admission to the school.

Q.8 Write down the central theme of the above read text in your own Sentences?
Ans. The central theme of the text is the power of education and hard work in achieving
success. Through his personal narrative, Booker T. Washington emphasizes the
importance of determination and perseverance in overcoming obstacles and achieving
one's goals. He shows how education can be a transformative experience that changes
lives and helps individuals to achieve their full potential.

DIFFICULT WORDS

English Word Urdu Meaning

1. narrative ‫رواتی‬
2. subsequent ‫دعبی‬
3. escape ‫رفار‬
4. vessel ‫اہجز‬
5. meticulously ‫وصختیصےس‬
6. admitted ‫وبقل‬
7. work ethic ‫اکایمیباکمع‬
8. perseverance ‫اثتبدقیم‬
9. adversity ‫دبیتمسق‬

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