Please do a self-study and answer the ff. questions.

1. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS PAGE 4

At the end of this unit, you should be able to answer the following questions.
● What are the attractive forces that exist among molecules?
Between the positive and negative atoms of two molecules, there is an attractive
attraction known as an intermolecular force. A substance's various physical and chemical
properties are influenced by this force.

● How do these attractive forces affect the physical properties of substances?

The magnitude of intermolecular forces influences physical qualities. With an
increase in intermolecular forces, melting, boiling, and freezing points rise. With an
increase in intermolecular forces, vapor pressure falls.

● How do these attractive forces allow some insects to walk on water?

The surface tension of water allows insects to float on it. The surface tension of
water allows insects to float on it. The force that holds a liquid together is called surface
tension. Insects have a waxy covering on their bodies that aids in their ability to float on
the water's surface.

● How strong are these attractive forces?

Look for the molecule with the most polarity, the most electronegative atoms, or
the most hydrogen bonding groups if the molecules have identical molar weights and
similar intermolecular forces.

2. WARM UP ACT PAGE 6

1. Compare the boiling and melting points of H2O and N2O. Which has a higher boiling
and melting point?
H20
 2. How is this trend related to the attraction between molecules of H2O and N2O?
Molecules can be affected by intermolecular forces. In contrast, a molecule itself
generates intramolecular forces.

3. Compare the boiling and melting points of CO2 and SO2. Which has a higher
boiling and melting point?
SO2

4. How is this trend related to the attraction between molecules of CO2 and
SO2?
Molecules can be affected by intermolecular forces. In contrast, a molecule itself
generates intramolecular forces.

3. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING PAGE 22-23

A. Match the terms in column A with their descriptions in column
B. Write the letter of the best answer on the blank provided before each number.
1. G
2. C
3. H
4. D
5. A
6. J
7. E
8. B
9. F
10. I
 B. Read each item carefully. Write the word True on the blank before the number if the
statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect, write the word False and change the
underlined word(s) to make the statement correct.
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False, Lower
5. True

4. CHALLENGE YOURSELF PAGE 32

1. Explain how IMFA, vapor pressure, and boiling point are interrelated.
Relative boiling points can be predicted using intermolecular forces (IMFs). The
relationship between the substance's vapor pressure and boiling point depends on the
strength of the IMFs. In order to anticipate the compounds' respective boiling points, we
can compare the IMFs of the various compounds.

2. Which of the following will have lower vapor pressure when evaluated at the
same temperature: NH3 or PH3? Why?
Due to the presence of hydrogen bonding connections, ammonia has the highest
intermolecular forces and hence has the lowest vapor pressure.

3. Arrange the following substances in order of decreasing surface tension and

explain your answer.
CH3CH3 CH4 CH3, CH2OH- due to the latter's hydrogen bonding, has a
lower surface tension than the other two.

4. Why will CO2 boil faster than CS2? Compare their vapor pressures.
Inflammable, colorless, and odorless carbon dioxide is a non-problem. Because
there are more molecules in the gas, the gas pressure is higher, and the rate at which gas
molecules condense and enter the liquid is faster, it will boil more quickly than carbon
disulfide because the latter is denser than water and only mildly soluble in it.
 Although carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide have similar weak IMFAs, carbon
dioxide has a lower lowest point (-78.46 °C) than carbon disulfide. At a boiling point of
46.3 °C for carbon disulfide, carbon dioxide has a higher vapor pressure than carbon
disulfide. Given that the substance with the greatest boiling point will have the lowest
vapor pressure and the substance with the lowest boiling point will have the opposite.

5. Arrange the following in order of increasing viscosity: glycerol, acetone, and

water. Explain your answer.
Glycerol< Acetone < Water . Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
Fluids with greater viscosity flow slowly. Water is the least viscous fluid and glycerol is
the most viscous fluid.

5. CHALLENGE YOURSELF PAGE 39

1. Identify the IMFA in CH3NH2. Explain your answer.
Methylamine (CH3NH2) exhibits hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and London
dispersion. Fluoromethane (CH3F) only possesses dipole-dipole and London dispersion.
Since methylamine has greater (stronger) intermolecular interactions than fluoromethane,
it is projected that it will have a higher boiling point.

2. Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing IMFA strength: O2, HCl,
and CH3OH. Explain your answer.
O2, HCl, CH3OH
Each of the compounds' strongest intermolecular force is:
02- ion-ion attractions, IT is an ionic compound. It has the highest boiling point.
HCI- hydrogen bonding
CH3OH- dipole-dipole attractions

3. Which of the following compounds will have the highest boiling point? Lowest boiling
point?
HI HCl HF HBr
4. Will SO2 exhibit dipole-dipole forces? Why?
Sulfur dioxide is a polar molecule that exhibits dipole-dipole interactions in its
intermolecular forces. Sulfur dioxide doesn't have dipole-dipole forces because of the
symmetry of the dipoles created by the polar bonds in the molecule. For molecules of
identical size and mass, the strength of these forces increases stronger with increasing
polarity.

5. Carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, CO2, are both colorless and odorless
gasses. But CO is a dangerous gas that can cause poisoning and death when inhaled for
prolonged periods. Compare the polarity and IMFA of the two compounds

A nonpolar molecule is carbon monoxide (CO). London dispersion forces are the
intermolecular force seen in CO. Due to its high degree of polarity, CO engages in
dipole-dipole interaction. A diatomic molecule is CO. The force of the two oxygen atoms
on the electrons of the carbon in carbon dioxide, on the other hand, cancels out due to its
symmetry, making it a nonpolar molecule with polar bonds. The cause is because carbon
dioxide only has London forces as intermolecular forces. London forces, which result in
momentary dipoles, are forces between atoms brought on by electron motion.
 Laboratory Activity
Activity 6.1
IMFA and Properties of Substances

Guide Questions
1. . How did the shape of the meniscus differ among the samples?
Surface tension in a liquid is to blame for this phenomena. The difference
between the forces of attraction between the liquid molecules and the inner surface of the
tube, or alternatively, the force of attraction between the liquid molecules, is the cause of
this, we might say.
2. How is the IMFA related to the height and shape of the meniscus of the test
samples?
It happens when adhesive forces, which are what attracts a liquid to the capillary
surface, are stronger than cohesive forces, which are the intermolecular forces in the
liquid. The upper surface of a liquid in a tube, known as the meniscus, has a shape that is
also a reflection of the equilibrium between the forces of adhesion and cohesion.

3. How did the rate of evaporation of the samples differ?

Because various liquids require varying amounts of energy for liquid molecules to
separate, different liquids evaporate at different rates. The molecules have escaped into
the gas phase, according to this.

4. How is IMFA related to the rate of evaporation of substances?

The intermolecular interactions between the molecules of a liquid have a direct
impact on its vapor pressure. The rate of evaporation and vapor pressure decrease in
direct proportion to the strength of these forces.
 5. Are the rates of evaporation and IMFA related to the boiling point of the
substances? Why? Why not?
To forecast relative boiling points, intermolecular forces (IMFs) can be used. The
relationship between a substance's vapor pressure and boiling point depends on the
strength of the IMFs.

6. How is IMFA related to the solubility of the substances?

The stronger the intermolecular interactions between the molecules of the solute
and the solvent, the more soluble the solute is in the solvent.