Multiple Methods of Dam

Exercise 3.
1
DESIGN OF GRAVITY DAM
Given
 H ( maximum water depth to be retained)=45m

 Tail water depth, h=0
 Top (or crest) width, L =4m
 Unit weight of concrete, =25 KN/m3
 Unit weight of water, w=10 KN/m3
 Uplift intensity factor, = 1.0
 Allowable coefficient of friction within concrete and between concrete and foundation, f = 0.65
 Ultimate shear resistance of dam and foundation, Sa = 4MPa
 Minimum permissible shear friction safety factor, S.F.F = 5
 Wind velocity over water, UA = 100Km/h
 Fetch, F = 30 km
 Maximum allowable inclined stress in dam or foundation, =3MPa
Assumption
 Assume there is no earth quake
Required
A. Design the gravity dam by zone (or multiple step) design method.
B. Design the gravity dam by single step design method
C. Sketch the section of the dam design by the two methods of design
Solution
a) Design the gravity dam by zone ( or multiple step) design method.
Free board
Hs = 0.032 A F) + 0.76 – 0.24F1/4

= 0.032 (100*30) + 0.76 – 0.24(30)1/4 =1.951
HS = 1.951 (significant wave height)
The theoretical rise above the still water level is 1 HS
Free board = HS = 4/3 HS = 4/3 * 1.95 = 2.60 take 3.0
Free board = 3.0m
1
Wave pressure
Total load due to wave action (PWAVE) is computed
PWAVE = 2 W Hs2
= 2*10* (1.95)2
= 76.05
PWAVE = 76.05
Lever arm from maximum still water level
= 0.375 HS
= 0.375* 1.95
= 0.73
Top details
Of the manipulated 3.0m free board
2m parapet wall
1m extension of the dam section above Max- still wave load
2
ZONE 1
ZONE 1 consists of the part above section 1 -2 it resists a new action and requires new design
computation
ZONE 2
RESERVOIR FULL CASE
Assumptions
Neglect the weight of parapet an and assume zone 1 to be purely rectangular and the center of
gravity of this zone (zone 1) to act at center of the bottom width of the slice
By so doing we achieve safe design by dimension regarding stabilizing weight of parapet
Manipulation of table 1
For a straight gravity dam, a moment equation may be written about the downstream middle third
involving known dimensions and for ces and the unknown distance from high water to the bottom of
zone 2
Weight and pressure forces
3
A. Weight of zone 1
Pm1 = 4*1*1* C
= 4*1*1*25
= 100KN
Pm1 =100KN
B. Weight of zone 2
Pm2 = 4*1*h* C
= 4*1*h*25
Pm2 =100h KN
C. Hydrostatic pressure force
Pwh2 = ½ * C *Z12
= ½ * 10* h2
Pwh2 = 5h2 KN
D. Uplift pressure force

For a dam slice of uniform thickness the total uplift force is obtained by applying pressure
intensity diagram to that portion of the area of the base of the dam ( slices) on which it is
assumed to act .
Puv= C w [ Za + ½* (Z1 – Z2 ]] A
Where
C = cohesion
Z1 = head water depth
Z2 = tail water depth
A = area of the base (bottom of Zone 2)
Cohesion C, and uplift intensity factor

When tail water depth is zero, C and are interchangeable
i.e.
when C = 0.5, = 1.0
C =1.0, = 0.5
C = 2/3, = 0.75
So for our case, since = 1.0 (given), the value of C = 0.5
.’. P uv2 = 0.5* 10{ 0+1/2* 1[h-0])*4*1

= 0.5*10*0.5h*4*1
4
P uv2 = 10h (KN)
E. Wave pressure
WWAVE =76.05KN ( already calculated)
Lever arm of weight is pressure forces (from d/s middle third)
PM1 ………….1/2*4-4/3 = (12-8)/6 =4/6m
PM2……………4/6 m
PWH2 ………….1/3 *h = h/3
PUV2 …………...2/3*4 – 4/3 = 4/3
PWAVE ………….0.73 + h
Refer table 1 for calculation of moment
Table 1
S.No item Forces (KN) Lever arm from Moment about d/s
d/s middle third middle third
Horizontal Vertical ( +ve down m KN-m
(+ve force) KN ward) KN
1 PM1 100 4/6 66.667

2 PM2
100h 4/6 66.667h
3 PWh2
5h2 h/3 -1.667h
4 PUV2
-10h 4/3 -13.333h
5 PWAVE 76.05 0.73 + h -55.517 – 76.05h

The moments are assembled or equated as
∑Mabout d/s middle =0
66.667 + 66.667h -1.667h3 – 13.333h – 55.517 –76.05h = 0
-5h3 – 68.15h + 33.449 = 0
5
Simplifying and rearranging
H3 + 13.63h – 6.69 = 0
Adopt Newton Raphson method
F(h) = h3 + 13.63h + 6.69
F’(h) = 3h2 + 13.63
First trial
H = 0.5
F(0.5) = 0.53 +13.63(0.5) – 6.69 = 0.25
F’(0.5) = 3* (0.5)2 + 13.63 = 14.38
H=- =- = -0.0174
New trial
a + h = 0.5 + - 0.0174 = 0.48
trial 2
a =0.48
f(0.48) = -0.037008
f’(0.48) = 14.3212
h=- =- = 0.00258
new a = 0.48+ 0.003 = 0.48258 take 0.48
.’. h = 0.48m
Inserting the value of h into table 1 and summating horizontal and vertical forces, determine the
inclination of the resultant
∑horizontal forces = 5h2 + 76.05 = 5* ( 0.48)2 + 76.05 = 77.202
∑vertical forces = 100 + 100h -10h = 100 + 100*0.48 – 10 *0.48 = 143.2 KN
6
Tan Ѳ = ∑horizontal forces/∑vertical forces
Where , Ѳ = inclination of the resultant
Tan Ѳ = 77.202/143.2 = 0.53912
Ѳ= tan -1 ( 0.53912) = 28.330
∑
P’u= = 2*143.2KN/4m*1m= 71.6KN/m2
It is given that maximum allowable inclined stress in dam or foundation is 
 =3pa= 3000KN/m2
Since p’u<  ……..Safe!
Reservoir empty case
It is evident from inspection that the resultant is at the center of the block for reservoir empty case.
7
Zone III [block 1] trial solution
Reservoir full
Below 0.48m depth, the D/S face must be battered to keep the resultant within the middle third.
Increments approximately equal to 15% of the depth below the top of dam within a minimum of 10ft
(3.048m)
15*45m/100= 6.75m
The depth of the first block will made at
3 -0.48= 2.52m
To bring the joint to an even depth of 5m below the high water level.
Since, 2.52 < 6.75 . . . . . it is allowed.
Analytical solution
The first block in zone III is of the form shown in the fig. below
Moments are taken about point ‘o’
p’ =wait (load burden) above the top of the block
p2’= pm1 +pm2 =100+100h= 100+100*0.48 =148m
8
pm31a =2.52*4*1*γc =2.52*4*1*25= 252KN
pm31b =1/2*2.52*Δl* 1*γc =.5*2.52*25*Δl =31.5Δl (KN)
puv31 =C*γW*(Z2 +0.5Y (Z1 – Z2))*A
Where C=.5 Z1=3m Z2=0m
Y=1 A= L*1=( 4+ΔL)*1 γW= 10
=0.5*10*(0+.5*1*(3-0))*( 4+ΔL)*1
puv31 =(7.5ΔL+30 )KN
pwh31= .5γwZ12 =.5*10*9=45KN
pw,ave=76.05KN. . . . . . . already calculated
Lever arm of weight & pressure forces (from U/S FACE or point ‘o1’)
P2’ =.5*4 =2m
Pm31a =.5*4= 2m
Pm31b= 4+(1/3)Δl
Puv31= (1/3)L = (1/3)(4+ΔL) =ΔL /3 + 4/3
Pwh31 = (1/3)*3 =1m
Pw,ave =3 + .73 =3.73m
Detail calculations are presented in table-2
No. item Forces KN Lever arm Moment about the toe.

HOR.(+VE VER.(+VE, from the +ve, counter -ve, clockwise, KN.m
,d/s) KN downward), KN heel, m clockwise, KN.m
1 P2’ 148 2 296
2 Pm31a 252 2 504
3 Pm31b 31.5Δl (1/3)Δl +4 10.5Δl2-126Δl
4 Puv31 -7.5Δl-30 (1/3)Δl +4/3 2.5Δl2+20Δl+40
5 Pwh31 45 1 45
6 Pw, ave 76.05 3.73 283.667
7 ∑PH=121.0 ∑PV=24Δl+370 ∑M+VE ∑M-VE
2
5 =800+10.5Δl -126Δl =368.667+2.5Δl2+20Δl
∑P =491+24Δl ∑M =1168.67+13Δl2-106Δl
If vertical forces and all moments are summated, there results
9
ΣV=148+252+31.5∆ℓ-7.5∆ℓ-30
ΣV=(24∆ℓ+370)KN
ΣM=-296-504-10.5∆ℓ2-126∆ℓ+2.5∆ℓ2+20∆ℓ+40-45-283.6665
ΣM=-8∆ℓ2-106∆ℓ-1088.6665
ΣM=-(8∆ℓ2+106∆ℓ1088.6665) KN-m
ΣM=8∆ℓ2+106∆ℓ1088.6665 KN-m (clockwise)
The distance from the center of moments (point o) to the resultant is
xo31 =ΣM/ ΣV
which must equal ⅔ ℓ or ⅔(4+∆ℓ)
(8∆ℓ2+106∆ℓ1088.6665)/ (24∆ℓ+370)= ⅔ ∆ℓ +8/3
Simplifying and re-arranging
8∆ℓ2+204.6667∆ℓ-102=0
∆ℓ2+25.5833∆ℓ-12.75=0
F(∆ℓ)=∆ℓ2+25.5833∆ℓ-12.75
Adopting Newton raphson method
1st trial
a=1
F(∆ℓ)=∆ℓ2+25.5833∆ℓ-12.75
F’(∆ℓ)=2∆ℓ+25.5833
F(1)=13.8333 F’(1)=27.5833
H=- F(1)/ F’(1)= 13.8333/27.5833=-0.50151
New a=1+(-0.50151)=0.4985≈0.50
2nd=trial
a=0.5
f(0.5) =0.291665 F’(0.5)=26.5833
h=-0.291665/26.5833=-0.011
Now a=0.5+(-0.011)= 0.489
3rd trial
10
a=0.489
f(0.489)=-0.0006453
f’(0.5)=26.5833
h=-0.0006453/26.5613=0.000024
now≈0.489+0
take ∆ℓ=0.49m
Reservoir empty case
ΣV=148+252+31.5∆ℓ=148+252+31.5*0.49=415.485KN
ΣM=-296-504-105.5∆ℓ2-126∆ℓ=-296-504-10.5*0.492-126*0.49=-864.26KN (clock wise)
Xav31 =ΣM/ ΣV=864.26/415.435=2.08m
⅓ ℓ =⅓(∆ℓ+4)=⅓(0.49+4)=1.497
⅔ℓ= ⅔(∆ℓ+4)=⅔(0.49+4)=2.993
Since 1.497 < Xav31 <2.993 it is safe. (with in the middle third)
ℓ=∆ℓ+4=0.49+4=4.49m
ZONE -3 (BLOK-2) trial solution
The value of ∆ℓ for block 2 will be found by trial
11
∆ℓd>0.58
let we take ∆ℓd =0.7m
weight pressure forces calculation of P’31
P’31 =P’2+Pm31a+Pm31b=148+252+31.5*0.49
P’31=415.435KN
Level arm of P’31
P’31*Xav31=P’2*X’av2+ Pm31a*Xavpm31a+ Pm31b*Xavpm31b
415.435*Xavp’31=148*2 + 252*2 + 10.5 (0.49)2+126*0.49
Xavp’31=2.08m
Calculation of Pm32a
Pm32a= 4.49*3*25*1=336.75KN
Level arm Pm32a ½*4.49=2.245m
Calculation of Pm32b=
Pm32b=½*3*0.7*25=26.25KN
Level arm Pm32b 4.49 + ⅓*0.7= 4.723m
Calculation of Puv32 =
Puv32 = c w(z2+½ (z1-z2))A=0.5*10(0+½*1(6-0))(4.49+0.7)=77.85
Puv32= 77.85KN
Level arm Puv32=⅓*(4.49+0.7)=1.73m
Calculation of wave
Pwave=76.05KN
Level arm Pwave 6+0.73=6.73m
Calculation of Pwh32=½*10*62=108KN
Level arm Pwh32 ⅓*6=2
12
Refer table 3 for calculation of moments
s.no item Forces,(KN) Level arm Moment about u/s face o2(KN)
Horizontal Vertical (-ve from u/s face
(+ve u/s) KN downward) KN (point o2) m M( ) M( )
1 P31’ +415.435 2.08 864.261
2 Pm32a +336.75 2.245 756.004
3 Pm32b +26.25 4.723 123.980
4 Puv32 -77.85 1.73 134.681
5 Pwh32 180 2 360
6 Pwave 76.05 6.73 511.817
ΣV=700.585KN
ΣM=-1937.381KN-m (1937.381KN-m clock wise)
Xav32= ΣM/ ΣV=1931.381/700.585=2.765m
Limit ⅔*(4.49+0.7)=3.46
General equation (full reservoir level)
Both u/s batter and D/s batter refer the sketch on page 19
Weight and pressure forces
P’
Pmm =∆Z*L*25=25∆ZL (middle rectangular slice)
Pmu=½∆Z*∆Lu*25=12.5∆Z∆Lu (U/s batter triangular slice)
Pmd=½∆Z*∆Ld*25=12.5∆Z∆Ld (D/s batter triangular slice)
Puv =0.5*10(0+½*(z-0))*(L+∆Lu+∆Ld) (up lift pressure force)
=2.5 Z(L+∆Lu+∆Ld)
Pwh=½*10*z2=5z2 (horizontal hydrostatic pressure force)
Pwave=76.05
Pwv=½∆Lu (Z+Z-∆Z)* w (weight of water on the U/s batter of the slice)
Pwv =½∆Lu(2Z - ∆Z)*10=5∆Lu(2Z - ∆Z
Level arm
13
P’ Yav+∆Lu + Xav
Pmm Yav+∆Lu + L/2
Pmu Yav+⅔∆Lu
Pmd Yav+∆Lu+ L+⅔∆Ld/3
Puv Yav+(∆Lu+ L+⅔∆Ld) ⅓
Pwh ⅓
Pwave Z+0.73
Pwv Yav +∆Lu (Z - ⅔∆Z)/(2Z-∆Z)
Sign convention
Clock wise moment )
Anti-clock wise moment )
Vertical down ward +ve
Vertical up ward -ve
Horizontal D/s +ve
Horizontal U/s _ve
ΣV=P’+2.5L (10∆Z -Z)+7.5∆Z∆Lu +2.5∆Ld(5∆Z-Z)+2.5∆Lu (4Z-∆Lu)
ΣM= P’(Yav+∆Lu+Xav)+ 25∆ZL(Yav+∆Lu+L/2)+ 12.5∆Z∆Lu(Yav+⅔∆Lu)+12.512.5∆Z∆Ld(Yav+∆Lu+Ld/3+5/3Z3
+76.05(Z+0.73)+5∆Lu(2Z-∆Z)( Yav+∆Lu(Z-⅔∆Z)/(2Z-∆Z)- 2.5Z(L+∆Lu+∆Ld)( Yav+∆Lu/3 + L/3 +∆Ld/3)
U/s middle third Yav+⅓ (L+∆Lu+∆Ld)
D/s middle third Yav +⅔ (L+∆Lu+∆Ld)
14
Zone 1
(Trial 1)
Z Iu Id Z L Y Middle third. Middle third.

U/S D/S
0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 4.000 0.000 1.333 2.667
S.No. Item Descriptions and Force(KN) Lever arm(m) Moment

dimensions horizontal Vertical
1 P’ 0 0.000 0
2 pmm 100 2 200
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 0 0 0
5 puv 0 0.000 0
6 pwh 0 0 0
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 0.73 55.517
9 Total Empty condition 0 100 2 200.00
10 Total Full reservior 76.05 100 2.555 255.517
f=allowable coefficient of friction=0.65
r= ratio of average to the maximum shear stress on the joint=0.5
A= area of the joint (A=T*1)
Sa= ultimate shear resistance of dam and foundation=4000KN/m2
Minimum permisible shear friction factor SFFMax. =5
Maximum allowable inclined stress in dam or foundation=3000KN/m2
Empty conditon
Stability against sliding, Fss=0
Maximum allowable inclined stress, p’v=50.000
Full resrvior condition
Stability against sliding, Fss=0.761
Shear friction factor, SFF=(f V+rsaA)/106.049
15
Zone 2
(Trial 1)
Z Iu Id Z L Y Middle third. U/S Middle third. D/S
0.480 0.000 0.000 0.480 4.000 0.000 1.333 2.667

1 P’ 100 2.000 200
2 pmm 48 2 96
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 0 4 0
5 puv -4.8 1.333 -6.4
6 pwh 1.152 0.16 0.18432
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 1.21 92.021
9 Total Empty condition 0 148 2 296.000
10 Total Full reservior 77.202 143.2 2.668 381.805
Empty conditon
16
Zone 3 Block 1
(Trial 1)
3.000 0.000 0.300 2.520 4.000 0.000 1.433 2.867

1 P’ 148 2 296
2 pmm 252 2 504
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 9.45 4.1 38.745
5 puv -32.25 1.433 -46.225
6 pwh 45 1 45
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 3.73 283.667
9 Total Empty condition 0 409.45 2.048 838.745
Zone 3 Block 1
(Trial2)
3.000 0.000 0.400 2.520 4.000 0.000 1.467 2.933

1 P’ 148 2 296
2 pmm 252 2 504
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 12.6 4.133 52.08
5 puv -33 1.467 -48.4
6 pwh 45 1 45
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 3.73 283.667
17
Zone 3 Block 1
(Trial 3)
3.000 0.000 0.450 2.520 4.000 0.000 1.483 2.967

1 P’ 148 2 296.000
2 pmm 252 2 504.000
3 pmu 0 0 0.000
4 pmd 14.175 4.15 58.826
5 puv -33.375 1.483 -49.506
6 pwh 45 1.000 45.000
7 Pwv 0 0.000 0.000
8 Pwave 76.05 3.73 283.667
Zone 3 Block 1
(Trial 4)
3.000 0.000 0.490 2.520 4.000 0.000 1.497 2.993

1 P’ 148 2 296
2 pmm 252 2 504
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 15.435 4.163333 64.26105
5 puv -33.675 1.496667 -50.40025
6 pwh 45 1 45
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 3.73 283.6665
10 Total Full reservoir 121.05 381.76 2.993 1142.5273
18
Empty conditon
Zone 3 Block 2
(Trial 1)
6.000 0.000 0.700 3.000 4.490 0.000 1.730 3.460

1 P’ 415.435 2.080376 864.2611
2 pmm 336.75 2.245 756.00375
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 26.25 4.723333 123.9875
5 puv -77.85 1.73 -134.6805
6 pwh 180 2 360
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 6.73 511.8165
19
Zone 3 Block 2
(Trial 2)
6.000 0.000 0.900 3.000 4.490 0.000 1.797 3.593

1 P’ 415.435 2.080376 864.2611
2 pmm 336.75 2.245 756.00375
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 33.75 4.79 161.6625
5 puv -80.85 1.796667 -145.2605
6 pwh 180 2 360
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 6.73 511.8165
Zone 3 Block 2
(Trial 3)
6.000 0.000 0.840 3.000 4.490 0.000 1.777 3.553

1 P’ 415.435 2.080376 864.2611
2 pmm 336.75 2.245 756.00375
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 31.5 4.77 150.255
5 puv -79.95 1.776667 -142.0445
6 pwh 180 2 360
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 6.73 511.8165
20
Empty conditon
Zone 3 Block 3
(Trial 1)
9.000 0.000 1.100 3.000 5.330 0.000 2.143 4.287

1 P’ 783.685 2.259224 1770.52
2 pmm 399.75 2.665 1065.3338
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 41.25 5.696667 234.9875
5 puv -144.675 2.143333 -310.08675
6 pwh 405 3 1215
7 Pwv 0 0 0
8 Pwave 76.05 9.73 739.9665
21
ZONE 3 BLOCK 3 (Trial 2)
Z ∆lu ∆ld ∆Z L Y midle third u/s middle third d/s
9 0 1.23 3 5.33 0 2.187 4.373
Description and FORCE(KN) Moment Moment
s.no. Item dimension Horizontal vertical Arm(m) Force(KN*m)
1 p' 783.685 2.259 1770.52
2 pmm 399.75 2.665 1065.3336
3 pmu 0 0 0
4 pmd 46.125 5.74 264.7575
5 puv -147.6 2.186667 -322.752
6 pwh 405 3 1215
7 pwv 0 0
8 pwave 76.05 9.73 739.9665
9 Total empty condition 0 1229.56 2.522 3100.611
10 Total fullreservior 481.05 1081.96 4.374 4732.8258
Empty condition
Stability against sliding, FSS=0
Maximum allowable inclined stress,p’v=374.866 KN/m2
Full reservoir condition

Maximum allowable inclined stress, pv= 329.866 KN/m2
Shear friction factor,FSF= (ƒ∑V+rsa)/28.736
ƒ-allowable coefficient of friction=0.65
r=ratio of average to maximum shear stress on the joint=0.5
A=area of the joint (A=T*1)
Sa=ultimate shear resistance of dam and foundation =4000KN/m2
Minimum permissible shear friction factor FSF MAX=5
22
ZONE 3 BLOCK 4
Trial1
Z ∆lu ∆ld ∆z L Y midle third u/s middle third d/s
12 0 1.5 3 6.56 0 2.687 5.373
s.no. Item dimension horizontal Vertical Arm(m) Force(KN*m)
1 p' 1229.56 2.522 3100.611
2 pmm 492 3.25 1613.76
3 pmu
4 pmd 56.25 7.08 397.125
5 puv 241.8 2.667 849.830
6 pwh 720 4 2680
7 pwv
8 pwave 76.05 12.73 988.117
9 Total empty condition 1777.81 2.875 5111.938
23
Z ∆lu Δld Δz L Y midle third u/s middle third d/s
12 0 1.56 3 6.56 0 2.707 5.413
s.no. Item dimension horizontal vertical Arm(m) Force(KN*m)
1 p' 1229.56 2.522 3100.611
2 pmm 492 3.28 1613.76
3 pmu
4 pmd 58.5 7.08 414.13
5 puv -243.6 2.707 -659.344
6 pwh 720 4 2880
7 pwv
8 pwave 76.05 12.73 968.117
Empty condition
Maximum allowable inclined stress,p’v=374.866 KN/m2

Maximum allowable inclined stress, pv= 329.866 KN/m2
Shear friction factor,FSF= (ƒ∑V+rsa)/28.736
A=area of the joint (A=T*1)
Minimum permissible shear friction factor FSF MAX=5
24
ZONE 3 BLOCK 5 ( Trial 1)
15 0 1.56 3 8.12 0 3.227 6.453
s.no. Item Dimension horizontal Vertical Arm(m) Force(KN*m)
1 p' 1780.06 2.881 5128.551
2 pmm 609 4.06 2472.54
3 pmu
4 pmd 58.5 8.64 505.44
5 puv -363 3.227 -1171.28
6 pwh 1125 5 5625
7 pwv
8 pwave 76.05 15.73 1196.267
10 Total fullreservior 1201.05 2084.56 6.599 1201.
25
ZONE 3 BLOCK 5
Trial 2
15 0 1.8 3 8.12 0 3.307 6.613
s.no. Item dimension horizontal Vertical Arm(m) Force(KN*m)
1 p' 1780.06 2.881 5128.551
2 pmm 609 4.06 2472.54
3 pmu
4 pmd 67.5 8.72 588.6
5 puv -372 3.307 -1230.08
6 pwh 1125 5 5625
7 pwv
8 pwave 76.05 15.73 1196.267
RESERVIOR EMPTY CONDITION

Maximum allowable inclined stress,pv=495.274 KN/m2
Stability against sliding, FSS=0.576
Maximum allowable inclined stress, PV= 420.274 KN/m2
Shear friction factor ,FSF=(ƒ∑V+rsa)/17.647
A=area of the joint(A=T*1)
Minimum permissible shear friction factor FSFMAX=5
Maximum allowable inclined stress in dam or foundation=3
26
ZONE 4 BLOCK 1
Trial 1
18 0.2 1.85 3 9.92 0 3.973 7.980
1 p' 2456.56 3.534 8681.483
2 pmm 744 5.16 3839.04
3 pmu 7.5 0.133333 1
4 pmd 69.375 10.72 723.6
5 puv -538.65 3.973 -2131.296
6 pwh 1620 6 9720
7 pwv 33 0.09697 3.2
8 pwave 76.05 18.73 1424.417
9 Total empty condition 3310..435 4.003 13245.123
27
ZONE 4 BLOCK 1 Trial 2
18 0.2 1.85 3 9.92 0 3.9990 7.980
1 p' 2456.56 3.534 8681.483
2 pmm 744 5.16 3839.04
3 pmu 7.5 0.133333 1
4 pmd 69.375 10.73667 744.85625
5 puv -538.65 3.990 -2149..2135
6 pwh 1620 6 9720
7 pwv 33 0.09697 3.2
8 pwave 76.05 18.73 1424.417
9 Total 3310..435 4.007 13266.379
10 Total 1696.05 2771.785 8.033 22264.782
28
ZONES 4 BLOCK (Trial 3)
18 0.3 2 3 9.92 0 3.973 7.980
1 p' 2456.56 3.634 8927.139
2 pmm 744 5.28 3913.44
3 pmu 11.25 0.2 2.25
4 pmd 75 10.88667 8.16.5
5 puv -549.9 4.073 -2239.926
6 pwh 1620 6 9720
7 pwv 49.5 0.145455 7.2
8 pwave 76.05 18.73 1424.417
9 Total 3336.31 4.094 13659.329
10 Total 1696.05 2786.41 8.1 22571.020
RESERVIOR EMPTY CONDITIO

29
Z ∆lu Δld Δz L Y midle third u/s middle third d/s
21 0.3 2 3 12.22 0 4.48 9.68
FORCE(KN) Force
Moment arm
(m) Moment(KN*
s.no. Item descriptions and horizontal vertical m)
1 p' 3336.31 4.394 14659.746
2 pmm 916.5 6.41 5874.765
3 pmu 11.25 0.2 2.25
4 pmd 75 13.18667 989
5 puv -762.3 4.84 -3689.532
6 pwh 2205 7 15435
7 pwv 58.5 0.14615 8.55
8 pwave 76.05 21.73 1652.567
9 Total empty condition 0 4397.56 4.895 21525.761
RESERVIOR EMPTY CONDITION

30
Zone-4: Block-3: (Trial-1):
Z ΔIu ΔId ΔZ L Y Middle third U/S Middle third D/S

24.00 0.300 2.00 3.00 14.520 0.000 5.607 11.213
S.No Item Description Force, KN Moment arm, m Moment , KN.M

Horizontal vertical from A about A
1 P’ 4397.56 5.195 22845.324
2 Pmm 1089 7.56 8232.84
3 Pmu 11.25 0.2 2.25
4 Pmd 75 15.49 1161.5
5 Puv -1009.2 5.607 -5658.25
6 Pwh 2880 8 23040
7 Pwv 67.5 0.1467 9.9
8 Pwave 76.05 24.73 1880717
9 Total, Empty condition 0 5640.31 5.716 32241.914
10 Total, Full Reservoir 2956.05 4631.11 11.124 51514.283
ƒ=Allowable coefficient of friction=0.65
r=Ratio of average to the maximum storage shear stress on the joint=0.5
Area of the joint, A=T*1
Sa=Ultimate shear resistance of dam and foundation=4000KN/m2
SFF min=Minimum permissible shear friction factor = 5
Empty Reservoir Condition:
Maximum allowable inclined stress, P’v=670.667KN/m2
Full Reservoir Condition:
Shear friction factor, Sff= fΣV+rSaA/12.398
31

27.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 16.820 0.000 6.607 13.213

Horizontal Vertical from A about A
1 P’ 5640.31 6.716 37880.322
2 Pmm 1261.5 9.41 11870.715
3 Pmu 37.5 0.667 25
4 Pmd 75 18.487 1386.5
5 Puv -1337.85 6.607 -8838.729
6 Pwh 3645 9 32805
7 Pwv 255 0.4902 125
8 Pwave 76.05 27.73 2108.867
32
Zone-4: Block-5:
(Trial-1):
30.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 19.820 0.000 7.940 15.880

1 P’ 7269.31 9.038 65700.024
2 Pmm 1486.5 11.91 17704.215
3 Pmu 75 1.333 100
4 Pmd 75 22.487 1686.5
5 Puv -1786.5 7.94 -14184.81
6 Pwh 4500 10 45000
7 Pwv 570 .982 560
8 Pwave 76.05 30.73 2337.017
33

33.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 23.820 0.000 9.273 18.547

1 P’ 9475.81 10.99 104139.15
2 Pmm 1786.5 13.91 24850.215
3 Pmu 75 1.333 100
4 Pmd 75 26.487 1986.5
5 Puv -2295.15 9.273 -21283.691
6 Pwh 5445 11 59895
7 Pwv 630 .984 620
8 Pwave 76.05 33.73 2565.167
34
Zone-4: Block-7:
(Trial-1):
36.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 31.820 0.000 11.940 23.880

1 P’ 12042.3 12.885 155165.04
2 Pmm 2386.5 17.91 42742.215
3 Pmu 75 1.333 100
4 Pmd 75 34.487 2586.5
5 Puv -3223.8 11.94 -38492.172
6 Pwh 6480 12 77760
7 Pwv 690 0.985 680
8 Pwave 76.05 36.73 2793.317
10 Total, Full Reservoir 6556.05 12045 20.202 243334.895
35
Zone-4: Block-8:
(Trial-1):
39.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 35.820 0.000 13.273 26.547

1 P’ 15268.8 15.170 231627.7
2 Pmm 2686.5 19.91 53488.215
3 Pmu 75 1.333 100
4 Pmd 75 38.487 2886.5
5 Puv -3882.45 13.273 -51533.053
6 Pwh 7605 13 98865
7 Pwv 750 0.987 740
8 Pwave 76.05 39.73 3021.467
36
Zone-4: Block-9:
(Trial-1):
41.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 39.820 0.000 14.607 29.213

1 P’ 18855.3 17.28 325819.58
2 Pmm 2986.5 21.91 65434.215
3 Pmu 75 1.333 100
4 Pmd 75 42.487 3186.5
5 Puv -4491.55 14.607 -65606.574
6 Pwh 8405 13.667 114868.33
7 Pwv 790 0.987 780
8 Pwave 76.05 41.73 3173.567
37
Zone-4: Block-10:
(Trial-1):
45.00 1.50 2.00 4.00 43.82 0.000 15.773 31.547

1 P’ 21205.4 18.818 399043.22
2 Pmm 4382 23.41 399043.22
3 Pmu 75 1 75
4 Pmd 100 45.987 4598.667
5 Puv -5323.5 15.773 -83969.34
6 Pwh 10125 15 151875
7 Pwv 645 0.7384 476.25
8 Pwave 76.05 45.73 3477.767
38

Multiple Methods of Dam

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Multiple Methods of Dam

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Exercise 3.

 H ( maximum water depth to be retained)=45m

Hs = 0.032 A F) + 0.76 – 0.24F1/4

HS = 1.951 (significant wave height)

The theoretical rise above the still water level is 1 HS

Free board = HS = 4/3 HS = 4/3 * 1.95 = 2.60 take 3.0

Free board = 3.0m

Total load due to wave action (PWAVE) is computed

Lever arm from maximum still water level

Of the manipulated 3.0m free board

1m extension of the dam section above Max- still wave load

RESERVOIR FULL CASE

By so doing we achieve safe design by dimension regarding stabilizing weight of parapet

Weight and pressure forces

C. Hydrostatic pressure force

D. Uplift pressure force

Cohesion C, and uplift intensity factor

.’. P uv2 = 0.5* 10{ 0+1/2* 1[h-0])*4*1

Lever arm of weight is pressure forces (from d/s middle third)

PM1 ………….1/2*4-4/3 = (12-8)/6 =4/6m

PWH2 ………….1/3 *h = h/3

PUV2 …………...2/3*4 – 4/3 = 4/3

Refer table 1 for calculation of moment

1 PM1 100 4/6 66.667

5 PWAVE 76.05 0.73 + h -55.517 – 76.05h

∑Mabout d/s middle =0

66.667 + 66.667h -1.667h3 – 13.333h – 55.517 –76.05h = 0

-5h3 – 68.15h + 33.449 = 0

Adopt Newton Raphson method

F(h) = h3 + 13.63h + 6.69

F’(h) = 3h2 + 13.63

F(0.5) = 0.53 +13.63(0.5) – 6.69 = 0.25

F’(0.5) = 3* (0.5)2 + 13.63 = 14.38

a + h = 0.5 + - 0.0174 = 0.48

new a = 0.48+ 0.003 = 0.48258 take 0.48

∑horizontal forces = 5h2 + 76.05 = 5* ( 0.48)2 + 76.05 = 77.202

∑vertical forces = 100 + 100h -10h = 100 + 100*0.48 – 10 *0.48 = 143.2 KN

Where , Ѳ = inclination of the resultant

Tan Ѳ = 77.202/143.2 = 0.53912

Ѳ= tan -1 ( 0.53912) = 28.330

It is given that maximum allowable inclined stress in dam or foundation is 

Reservoir empty case

The depth of the first block will made at

Since, 2.52 < 6.75 . . . . . it is allowed.

Moments are taken about point ‘o’

p’ =wait (load burden) above the top of the block

p2’= pm1 +pm2 =100+100h= 100+100*0.48 =148m

pm31b =1/2*2.52*Δl* 1*γc =.5*2.52*25*Δl =31.5Δl (KN)

puv31 =C*γW*(Z2 +0.5Y (Z1 – Z2))*A

Where C=.5 Z1=3m Z2=0m

Y=1 A= L*1=( 4+ΔL)*1 γW= 10

puv31 =(7.5ΔL+30 )KN

pwh31= .5γwZ12 =.5*10*9=45KN

pw,ave=76.05KN. . . . . . . already calculated

P2’ =.5*4 =2m

Puv31= (1/3)L = (1/3)(4+ΔL) =ΔL /3 + 4/3

Pwh31 = (1/3)*3 =1m

Pw,ave =3 + .73 =3.73m

Detail calculations are presented in table-2

No. item Forces KN Lever arm Moment about the toe.

If vertical forces and all moments are summated, there results

ΣM=8∆ℓ2+106∆ℓ1088.6665 KN-m (clockwise)

The distance from the center of moments (point o) to the resultant is

.’. P uv2 = 0.5* 10{ 0+1/2* 1[h-0])41

∑vertical forces = 100 + 100h -10h = 100 + 1000.48 – 10 0.48 = 143.2 KN

pm31b =1/22.52Δl* 1γc =.52.5225Δl =31.5Δl (KN)

puv31 =CγW(Z2 +0.5Y (Z1 – Z2))*A

Y=1 A= L1=( 4+ΔL)1 γW= 10

pwh31= .5γwZ12 =.5109=45KN

ΣM=-296-504-105.5∆ℓ2-126∆ℓ=-296-504-10.50.492-1260.49=-864.26KN (clock wise)

P’31Xav31=P’2X’av2+ Pm31aXavpm31a+ Pm31bXavpm31b

415.435Xavp’31=1482 + 2522 + 10.5 (0.49)2+1260.49

Puv32 = c w(z2+½ (z1-z2))A=0.510(0+½1(6-0))(4.49+0.7)=77.85

Pmm =∆ZL25=25∆ZL (middle rectangular slice)

Pmu=½∆Z∆Lu25=12.5∆Z∆Lu (U/s batter triangular slice)

Pmd=½∆Z∆Ld25=12.5∆Z∆Ld (D/s batter triangular slice)

Puv =0.510(0+½(z-0))*(L+∆Lu+∆Ld) (up lift pressure force)

Pwh=½10z2=5z2 (horizontal hydrostatic pressure force)