STRATIFIED SAMPLING & CLUSTER SAMPLING

Objectives:
 Differentiate stratified and cluster sampling.
 Identify if the given problem is either stratified or cluster sampling.
 Create situations where stratified and cluster sampling can be applied.

Stratified Sampling is a method of sampling that involves the division of a

population into smaller subgroups known as strata. The groupings of this sampling are
made up of homogenous characteristics. When we say homogenous, it means they have
the same characteristics (e.g, age, religion, grades). For an instance, you wanted to know
how much people save on yearly bases. You will group them according to their ages
(10’s, 20’s, 30’s, 40’s and 50’s), and get representatives from each group equally. These
people you pick from each group will represent the whole population.

Let us have another example where stratified sampling is use in a workplace. A

company employs 1000 people. A stratified random sample of the employees is to be
selected to form a committee. Calculate the number of people from each department who
should be selected to form a committee of size 40.

No. of employees from each department:

Management – 55
Shopfloor – 650
Engineering – 170
Administration – 125

Formula:
Stratified Random Sampling = [Total Sample Size/Entire Population] X Stratum Size

Solution:
Management = [55/1000] X 40 = 2.2 = 2
Shopfloor = [650/1000] X 40 = 26
Engineering = [170/1000] X 40 = 6.8 = 7
Administration = [125/1000] X 40 = 5

Add: 2 + 26 + 7 + 5 = 40

Conclusion: Using the SRS, we obtain 2 from Management, 26 from Shopfloor, 7 from
Engineering, and 5 from Administration, based on their population.

Advantages:
 Each subgroup of interest is represented.
 It minimizes selection biases.

Disadvantages:
 Researchers must identify every member of a population.
 Researchers must classify each of them.

Activity 1
You are assigned to carry out a survey to see how much people spend on skincare.
You are given the following information:

Skincare Line No. of Shoppers

1. Her Skin 350
2. Brilliant 660
3. Rosmar 440
 4. Thai Beauty 500

How many people should she survey from each skincare line if she has to conduct a
stratified sampling with 150 people?

Cluster Sampling involves dividing a population into clusters, and then randomly
selecting a sample of these clusters. This sampling focuses on a large areas or
population. The members of the samples have heterogenous characteristics.

Examples:
1. Using zip codes as clusters when interviewing the business owners of Davao City.
2. Conducting a study to judge the performance of sophomores’ education in business
across the Philippines. Each cluster is composed of all the sophomores in each city.

Advantages:
 Time-and-cost efficient
 More feasible

Disadvantages:
 Biased samples
 High sampling error

Activity 1
Create a procedure on how will you conduct a cluster sampling given that you are
assigned in Zamboanga del Norte and you have to conduct a survey about teenage
pregnancy.

Test
1-2. Differentiate stratified and cluster sampling.
Stratified Sampling is a method of sampling that involves the division of a population into
smaller subgroups known as strata. The groupings of this sampling are made up of
homogenous characteristics. While in cluster sampling, it involves dividing a population
into clusters, and then randomly selecting a sample of these clusters. The members of the
samples have heterogenous characteristics.

3-4. Create a situation where stratified sampling can be done.

Answers may vary.

5-6. Create a situation where you can apply cluster sampling.

Answers may vary.

Direction: Write SS for stratified sampling and CS for cluster sampling.

7. Ms. Moira samples her class by selecting all students sitting at Group 4 and Group 5 in
the classroom. This sampling technique is called _______. CS
8. An online seller orders rejuvenating sets and wants to check some of them to make
sure they were packaged properly. She randomly selects 4 of the 10 boxes and checks
each one of them on those boxes. SS
9. A teacher splits her classes up by period. She then randomly picks 3 students from
each period to do a survey. SS
10. A teacher wants to know how well her students are doing on the lesson. She randomly
picks two classes to survey. CS

Answers:
(Stratified Sampling Activity)
HerSkin -27
Brilliant -51
Rosmar -34
Thai Beauty -38

Cluster Sampling Activity

It would be very difficult to obtain a list of all teenagers and collect data from a random
sample spread across the city. However, you can easily obtain a list of all municipalities
and collect data from a subset of these. You thus decide to use the cluster sampling
method.
a. Define the population. Your population is all the teenagers (13-19) who are
pregnant in Zamboanga del Norte.
b. Divide your sample into clusters. You cluster the teenagers by the municipalities
they lived in.
c. Randomly select clusters to use as your sample. You assign a number to each
municipality and use a random number generator to select a random sample.
d. Collect data from the sample. You conduct a survey on those teenagers that were
randomly selected for your sample.