Grade 10 Worksheet No.

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African Music and Influence of Africa to Latin American
MUSIC Music
Quarter 2-Wk.1-Module 1

MELCs:

 Describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American

EXPLORE:
Read the Statement Carefully!
Select your best answer in the box below and write only the letter of the correct answer on
the space provided before the number.

A. African Music F. Kwassa-kwassa

B. Afrobeat G. Reggae
C. Apala H. Marabi
D. Salsa I. Axe
E. Soca J. Jit
K. Zouk

____1. It is a rich and diverse cultural heritage that exists in hundreds of different
languages.

____2. It is described as the fusion of West African and Black American music.

____3. It is used to wake up the worshipper after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of
Ramadan.

____4. It is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil.

____5. It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with
guitar accompaniment.

____6. This dance style began in Zaire in the late 1980s and was popularized by Kanda
Bongo Man.

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 ____7. This refers to the South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s
which evolved into African jazz.

____8. It is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced by the island’s
traditional mento music.

____9. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero.

____10. It is known as the “Soul of Calypso”.

LEARN
African Music
What is African music?
African music has rich and diverse cultural heritage that exist in hundreds of different
languages. The music in Africa always has the technique of “Call and Response” in which a
person leads by singing a phrase and followed and answered by a group of singers.
They usually perform by singing and using percussion instruments played either by
hands or with sticks, drums, and others. This type of music is also used for communication to
convey news, for teaching, for telling a story, and for religious purposes including the Maracatu.
African music is a collective result of the cultural and musical diversity of the more than
50 ethnic divisions of the continent. The organization of this vast continent is a colonial legacy
from European rule of the different nations up to the end of the 19th century, enabling it to
incorporate its music with language, environment, political developments, immigration and
cultural diversity.
Music has always been an important part of the daily life of the African people, whether
for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication. Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the
beating of drums are essential to many African ceremonies, including those for birth, death,
initiation, marriage, and funerals. Music and dance are also important to religious expressions
and political events.
However, because of the wide influence of African music on global music having
permeated contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles there has been a
growing interest in its own cultural heritage and musical sources. Particular subjects of research
are its rhythmic structures and spiritual characteristics that have led to the birth of jazz
forms.

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African traditional music
is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death,
marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social in
nature, while many traditional societies view their music as entertainment.
African music has a basically interlocking structural. Format due mainly to its
overlapping and dense texture as well as its rhythmic complexity. Its many sources of
influence have produced such varied styles and genres as the following:
Afrobeat
Afrobeat is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music.
Apala (Akpala)
Apala is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the
worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation
includes the rattle (sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking
drums.
Axe
Axe is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean
styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso, and is played by carnival bands.
Jit
Jit is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar
accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.
Jive
Jive is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the
jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
Juju
Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where
the instruments are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and
accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).
Kwassa Kwassa
Kwassa Kwassa is a dance style begun in Zaire. In the late 1980s, it was
popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and
forth while the arms follow the hip movements.

Marabi
Marabi is a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into
African jazz. It makes use of a keyboard style that combines American jazz, ragtime, and blues
with African roots. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and
repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers more time on the dance
floor.

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 Influences of Africa to Latin American music

Latin America music influenced by African music

The rhythm and styles of Latin-American music are influenced by the United States and other
countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal. Latin music is the combination of four musical
elements. Its musical styles are tango, bossanova, merengue, salsa, and other genres such as
reggae, jazz, rock, and latin pop.

Reggae
Reggae is a Jamaican musical styles that was strongly influenced by the island’s
traditional mento music, as well as by calypso, African music, American jazz, and
rhythm and blues. One of reggae’s most distinctive qualities is its offbeat rhythm and
staccato chords.

Salsa
Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various
musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and
bolero.

Samba
Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. Its roots can be traced to Africa
via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions particularly in Angola and
the Congo. Samba is the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It has a
lively and rhythmical beat with three steps to every bar, making the samba feel like a timed
dance. There is a set of dances – rather than a single dance – that define the samba
dancing scene in Brazil. Thus, no dance can be claimed with certainty as the “original”
samba style.

Soca
Soca is also known as the “soul of calypso.” It originated as a fusion of calypso with
Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of
Trinidad and Tobago. It is a modern Trinidadian and Tobagonian pop music combining soul
and calypso music.

Were
Were is a Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and
players during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African
and European music styles.

Zouk
Zouk is fast, carnival–like rhythmic music, from the Creole slang word for “party”. It
originated in the Caribbean Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique and was popularized in
the 1980s. It has a pulsating beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour bele drums, a

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 tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the snare drums, a rhythm guitar, a horn
section, and keyboard synthesize.

As we already learned, music from Africa and Latin America have greatly influenced
the music of the world. Afro-Latin American music is a result of the many years of evolution
and influences due to contacts, as well as colonization.
African music has been an avenue for expressing experiences in work, religion,
ceremonies, communication, and interactions of the African ethnic tribes. Some traditional
African music include the Afrobeat, Axe from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil, Jit of Zimbabwe,
Kwassa kwassa from Zaire, the Apala by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, and the Jive of South
Africa.

It is said that Latin American music is also influenced by American music, although the
latter is the product of three (3) major influences: indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African
music. Reggae, salsa and samba are examples of Latin American music. Moreover, Latin
American music adopted for dance and vocal arts include Cumbia, Tango, Cha cha cha,
Rumba, Reggae, Foxtrot, Bossa Nova and Paso Doble.

The Characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music.

1. Conversation: “Call and Response”

The performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant.

2. Improvisation – Non-scripted ways of singing that allow sincere

conversations. It is a framework where the artist has freedom in creating musical
mood.

3. The voice as an instrument – It is the manipulation of a freely controlled

piece where they can change the tone of voice, its tempo, the creation of moods,
and even changing the range and voice power.

4. The instrument as a voice – the instrument serves as a “singer” along with

the performer.

The music is identified by their rhythms, which they adapted from the elements of Moorish
music and other African and Caribbean music in the slave trade 1550 to 1880.This developed a
unique musical culture in Caribbean countries and its influences include Latin rhythms and
Samba and bossa nova in Brazil and Tango in Argentina.

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ENGAGE
Activity: Music Play!
Listen to the selected Traditional music of Africa. You may click on this link. As
you listen, carefully observe, and write your answer in your activity notebook.

Afro-Latin American (Click the Link to Listen)

Music

1. https://youtu.be/2XfrJy6CF04

2. https://youtu.be/lswSQuBPaJk

3. https://youtu.be/GTGq9e5CoHU

4. https://youtu.be/dMyfE_quZsE

5. https://youtu.be/VfNBX_2_27I

6. https://youtu.be/NC0Tw4PmarA

7. https://youtu.be/77pvf3ipIyQ

8. https://youtu.be/NznMBXbDSkI

9.
https://youtu.be/yq0PeZh9VI0

10. https://youtu.be/0adJ0Vnzj6M

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APPLY:
Read the Statement Carefully!
Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer and write only the letter on the
space provided.

1. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno,

guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were
2. It refers to the Carnaval-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for
“party”.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. Zouk
3. It is a Muslim music often performed as wake-up call for early breakfast and
prayers during Ramadan.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were
4. This is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were
5. It is known as “Soul of Calypso”.
A. salsa C. soca
B. samba D. were
6. It refers to the performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first
chant.
A. melody C. rhythm
B. conversation D. were
7. It is a non-scripted way of singing that allows for sincere conversations. It is
also framework where the artist has the freedom in creating musical mood.
A. salsa C. instrument as a voice
B. samba D. Improvisation
8. It is a type of music in which the instrument serves as a “singer” along with
the performer.
A. voice as an instrument C. improvisation
B. instrument as a voice D. conversation
9.It is an avenue for expressing experiences in work, religion, ceremonies,
communication, and interactions of the African ethnic tribes.
A. African music C. Latin America music
B. Latin music D. China music
10. It is known as a Jamaican musical styles that was strongly influenced by
the island traditional mento music.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were

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KEY TO ANSWERS:
Explore:
1. A 6. F
2. B 7. H
3. C 8. G
4. I 9. D
5. J 10. E

Apply:
1. A 6. B
2. D 7. D
3. D 8. B
4. B 9. C
5. C 10. C

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