The Effect of Absenteeism on Students

Performance in Grade 9 GIS

CHAPTER l
A. Introduction
This research contained the Background of the Study,
Statement of the Problems, Conceptual Framework,
Significance of the Study, Scope and Delimitations,
Definition of terms.

During the Pandemic students are learning through

online classes and through answering modules. Online
class learning has so many issues like adaptability
struggles, technical issues, computer literacy, and
time management. It's also the same in modular
learning it has so many issues like inability to submit
on time, difficulty in reading comprehension, personal
teenage problems, poor Wi-Fi connections, the inability
of parents to assist in the modules, inability to
comprehend the lessons, and game addiction among
students. This year is face-to-face most of the students
adapt so quickly but some students can’t adapt to
face-to-face that quickly, just imagine it 3years
modular for the grade 9 students now, do you think
the students made their homework on their own? No,
they made their modules using the internet one search
on the internet is enough to answer their modules and
if there is a key answer they will just copy it all of the
students did that even me I know this because I’m a
student too so I know it. This makes some student lazy
and that lead me to the conclusion that this is the root
of why some students are too lazy to go to school they
want the easy way to study even if they are not
learning anything, they just don’t want to experience
some hardships. I saw a student in grade 9 working so
not all of them don’t go to school is just lazy some
students are working so they can eat a 3 times meal.
So, what are the effects of absenteeism on the
students in grade 9? Hence, students who receive
fewer hours of instruction during the school year are
disadvantaged in their learning, receive lower grades,
perform more poorly on exams, and are more likely to
drop out after compulsory schooling in DepEd there is
a rule that a student must be present at least 80% of
the total number of school days in a year, to fulfill the
requirements of the DepEd. Absences of a student
should not exceed the allowed 20% of the total number
of days in a school year. Students are expected to
come to school on time so if they exceed the limit, they
will be forcefully dropout but, but the teachers now in
GIS is not strict to follow these rules because they
know that some student just needs to adapt to face-to-
face or have financial problem.
The purpose of this research is to figure out the effects
of absenteeism on students’ performance, know the
root of why they are absent, what do they do when
they don’t go to school, and the impact of these absent
students when they are always absent. Thus, the
researchers have made this research title to assess to
the effect of absenteeism in their performance .

B. Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine and investigate the
effect of absenteeism on students performance the
effect of absenteeism on students’ performance in GIS
grade 9 per the school year 2022-2023 specifically, it
seeks to answer the following questions.

1.What is the profile of the grade 9 students in term of

the effect of absenteeism on students’ performance in
grade 9 GIS
a. highest educational attainment
b. age
c. parent’s occupation

2.What are the factors/cause/effects of topic?

3.What appropriate guidelines/measures/output

importance of the study
 C. Scope and Delimitation of the study
This study will be conducted on
Gueguesangen Integrated School, Gueguesangen
Mangaldan Pangasinan, during the school years 2022-
2023 using the grade 9 students as respondents. It
will consider the effect of absenteeism on students’
performance in grade 9 GIS

D. Operational Definition of Terms

1. Absenteeism- The practice of regularly staying
away from work or school without good reason.

2. Adaptability struggles- Their resistance to change

doesn't allow them to adapt to the online learning
environment, whereas it takes time for them to get
accustomed to Course Management Systems (CMS)
and the methods of computer-based education.

3. Technical issues- Lack of gadget any problems or

difficulties arising due to the power and electricity
failure, computer errors, programming errors, software
or hardware errors, computer breakdown,
unavailability of Internet connections, communication
problems between STAR Network's server and any
ATM, the Bank's server and ATM

4. Computer literacy- is defined as the knowledge

and ability to use computers and related technology
efficiently, with skill levels ranging from elementary
use to computer programming and advanced problem
solving.

5. Time management- is the process of organizing

and planning how to divide your time between
different activities. Get it right, and you'll end up
working smarter, not harder, to get more done in less
time – even when time is tight and pressures are high
 6. Difficulty in reading comprehension- Issues with
reading comprehension occur when students struggle
to understand the meaning behind words, phrases and
other texts. Signs that may indicate a reading
comprehension difficulty include: trouble with letter
and word recognition. difficulty understanding words
and ideas

7. Financial problem- lacks of money to spend for

studying or to the buy something for studying like
computer, laptop, smartphone, etc.

8. Hardships- Something that causes difficult or

unpleasant conditions of life

9. Instruction- is the practice implemented by a

teacher aimed at transmitting skills to a learner, a
student, or any other audience in the context of an
educational institution

10. Root- the basic cause, source, or origin of

something.

11. Online class- is a course conducted over the

Internet. They are generally conducted through a
learning management system, in which students can
view their course syllabus and academic progress, as
well as communicate with fellow students and their
course instructor.

E. Assumptions
1.) The respondent’s responses to the items in the
questionnaire are reflection of their values /
perception / concepts / ideas / beliefs.
2.) The instrument for data gathering is valid and
reliable.
3.) The based-on title of the respondents is measurable

In response to Every Student in Grade I GIS have

adopted chronic absenteeism as an indicator of school
 quality and student success. It is also being
increasingly utilized within schools to identify students
at risk for future educational problems, as research
consistently shows that early absences are related to
later achievement issues. By leveraging readily
available attendance records, schools can identify
students at risk of poor outcomes early in their
educational lives and provide them with supports
before challenges worsen. Despite its pervasive use,
major theoretical assumptions underlying this
indicator have never been validated. The current study
represents the first empirical test of the most basic
assumption of chronic absenteeism—that all absences
from school are equally useful in providing diagnostic
information to determine future risk status. To test the
diagnostic utility of different absence types across the
early elementary grades, this study employed ROC
analyses with administrative data from a large, urban
school district. Findings indicate that only unexcused
absences provide diagnostic accuracy in determining
future achievement status in the early elementary
grades, whereas excused absences provide no
diagnostic accuracy and actually dampen the ability of
unexcused absences to determine students’
achievement risk status when used in conjunction
with them. These results have implications for
researchers, policymakers, and practitioners and
necessitate additional empirical studies that test the
underlying assumptions of chronic absenteeism to
ensure that it is being used both effectively and
ethically in the early identification of at-risk students.

F. Methodology
This research is about investigating about the effect of
absenteeism on student’s performance in grade 9 GIS.
Some of the students in grade 9 GIS is always absent
without a reason so some of them missed to perform
their performance task that is essential to your
learning experience in this school year. Based on the
survey that the grade 9 students take most of them is
just lazy to go to school or even if they go to school,
they are not participating in the performance task that
 the teacher asks.
The type of research I used is abstract. An abstract is
a short summary of your (published or unpublished)
research paper, usually about a paragraph (c. 6-7
sentences, 150-250 words) long. A well-written
abstract serves multiple purposes:

 an abstract lets readers get the gist or essence of your

paper or article quickly, in order to decide whether to
read the full paper;
 an abstract prepares readers to follow the detailed
information, analyses, and arguments in your full
paper;
 and, later, an abstract helps readers remember key
points from your paper.

It’s also worth remembering that search engines and

bibliographic databases use abstracts, as well as the
title, to identify key terms for indexing your published
paper. So, what you include in your abstract and in
your title are crucial for helping other researchers find
your paper or article.

The researchers used a survey questionnaire to collect

and conduct the necessary data. The survey
questionnaire was developed using the research
questions or problem statement, literature studies,
and other study records. The survey questionnaire was
conducted by the respondents and was divided into
three parts. In the first parts, the respondent’s
personal information consists of the name of the
respondents, sections, age, and sex. The second part is
that respondents answered the survey questions
related to or about the topic by selecting an answer.
The researchers prepared survey questionnaires for
limited respondents in Grade 9 students in GIS that
contained questions regarding the effect of
absenteeism on student’s performance. The
researchers kept the data private and did not share it
with anyone; the respondent's identities and data were
kept private to protect their privacy.
 G. Research Design
This design will employ the descriptive method at
research. According to Calderon (2008), as cited by
Alberto, et. al. (2011), descriptive method is also
known as statistical researches It describes data and
characteristics about the population or phenomenon
being studied.
Descriptive research describes what it is It
involves the description, recording, analysis, and
interpretation of the present nature, position or
phenomena.
The focus prevailing auditions, a how a person,
group, or thing behaves function in the present. It
often involves some type of comparison or contrast

H. Data Gathering Instruments

The questionnaire will be the main data gathering
instruments. The questionnaire will be given to the
respondents for them to answer the effect of
absenteeism on students in grade 9 it will be prepared
by the
researcher. It will be validated by four secondary
teachers in Mangaldan Pangasinan

I. Data Gathering Procedures

In the conduct of this study, the researcher will first
seek permission from the principal and when
permission will be granted they will coordinate with
different teacher, for them to be allowed to administer
the to the students so that they will personally
accomplish the given research instrument.
 CHAPTER ll
Review of Related Studies

Why Does Attendance Matter?

Every school day counts in a child's academic life...

A missed school day is a lost opportunity for students

to learn. In this era of increased accountability for
states, districts, and schools, the connection between
student attendance and learning is being studied more
than ever before. As a result, education agencies are
asked with increasing frequency to report attendance
data in a standard manner to allow comparisons
across organizations and jurisdictions.

The primary rationale for high-quality attendance data

is the relationship between student attendance and
student achievement. Teacher effectiveness is the
strongest school-related determinant of student
success, but chronic student absence reduces even
the best teacher's ability to provide learning
opportunities. Students who attend school regularly
have been shown to achieve at higher levels than
students who do not have regular attendance. This
relationship between attendance and achievement may
appear early in a child's school career. A recent study
looking at young children found that absenteeism in
kindergarten was associated with negative first grade
outcomes such as greater absenteeism in subsequent
years and lower achievement in reading, math, and
general knowledge.

Poor attendance has serious implications for later

outcomes as well. High school dropouts have been
found to exhibit a history of negative behaviors,
including high levels of absenteeism throughout their
childhood, at higher rates than high school graduates.
These differences in absentee rates were observed as
early as kindergarten, and students who eventually
dropped out of high school missed significantly more
 days of school in first grade than their peers who
graduated from high school. In eighth grade, this
pattern was even more apparent and, by ninth grade,
attendance was shown to be a key indicator
significantly correlated with high school graduation.

The effects of lost school days build up one absence at

a time on individual students. Penalties for students
who miss school may unintentionally worsen the
situation. The disciplinary response to absenteeism too
often includes loss of course credits, detention, and
suspension. Any absence, whether excused or not,
denies students the opportunity to learn in accordance
with the school's instructional program, but students
who miss school are sometimes further excluded from
learning opportunities as a consequence of chronic
absenteeism.

Students' attendance at school and

their classes plays a decisive role in achieving the
desired result from education and training activities.
For policies and reforms in education to succeed,
students must attend school first. Among the main
areas of work for education managers is determining
and eliminating the factors that lead to absenteeism
and their effects on educational environments. This
study investigated the effects of student absenteeism
on educational environments, and existing policies
were evaluated. Absenteeism is one of the two main
causes of class repetition besides academic failure
Absenteeism is decisive in many issues such as
students' academic success, social development, and
school discipline. Poor attendance has serious
implications for later outcomes in my research the
students that have so many absent have a nearly
failing grade they only come to school whenever they
want and this behavior is similar to those who have a
poor attendance and almost all of the student that
have a poor attendance also have a failing grade so
just observing their attendance will tell you what they
are capable of ,because the students that have a good
attendance is willing to learn and be discipline while
the students that have a bad attendance is lazy to
learn and don’t want hardships and just want to have
a carefree life with no problem but he/she didn’t know
that in future this behavior of him will swallow him in
the future and wish that he/she to take school
seriously an a missed school is a missed opportunity
to learn most of humans seek knowledge because
there is so many things in this world that we humans
are curious individual that is hungry for knowledge. I
don’t know why some students don’t want to learn.
But not all the students that has so many absent don’t
want to learn I guess some of them just have an other
things more important than going school example:
having a job to help your family finances, taking care
of your brothers and sisters and so many more.
Because of some student absentee they always missed
some activities and when the teacher is asking where
is the activities that they done ,they don’t know what
to say and what to do to fulfill their requirements and
If the teacher give them another chance to do it, they
don’t know how because they are not in class to learn
it so they’re just going to give up but some of the
students will ask for help and that is actually a good
sign that they’re taking the school requirements
seriously even though they don’t have a good
attendance and I think it’s a good chance to lecture
them about their presence in school and some of the
students will possibly be changed by this lecture, tell
them why its important to study and tell them the
consequences if they don’t attend classes this might
help them change.
So, how do we reduce absenteeism in school
I think home visit is quite effective a school principal
said that home visits have contributed to reducing
absenteeism, indicating “Although I work as a school
principal in a district of a region that receives the
highest immigration in our province, we do not have
any permanent absentee students. We systematically
conduct home visits to become familiar with the child
If we do this to our school GIS this might help the
 student to come to school

CHAPTER III
Conclusion and Recommendation Bibliography and
Appendices

Conclusion
This study was conducted to evaluate the current
situation of the student absenteeism problem, its
effects on educational environments from different
angles, the policies applied in this field, and the
measures to be taken to solve the problem. The data
were collected using a questionnaire survey. According
to the research results, student absenteeism remains
 as one of the major obstacles for educational
organizations to achieve their goals. Absenteeism
adversely affects the academic and social development
of the student. As a result of absenteeism, the
relationship between the student and the teacher as
well as between the school and the parents may be
damaged. Due to absent students' learning
deficiencies, teachers face difficult situations in
classroom management, and schools deviate from
their goals. The workload of school administrators
increases, their time is spent on procedures related to
absenteeism instead of instructional issues, and
therefore, some of the resources become wasted.
According to Taymaz (2000), one of the tasks that
school administrations deal with most regarding
student services is monitoring student attendance.
The compromises that school administrators will make
on this issue may lead to the continuation of the
absenteeism problem. Many measures are being taken
to reduce absenteeism. In this context, information
and awareness-raising activities for students and
families, monitoring of absenteeism situations, and
increasing social, cultural, and sports activities stand
out. However, due to the multifaceted and multi-
layered nature of student absenteeism, it can be said
that the desired efficiency cannot be obtained from
preventive studies. According to Roby (2003), although
some variables originating from the student, family,
teachers, or curriculum that lead to absenteeism can
be controlled, socio-economic variables, particularly,
are difficult to control. The Ministry of National
Education is trying to ensure equality of opportunity
in education with implementations such as free
textbook distribution, transportation-centered
education and free lunches, public boarding schools
and scholarships, and support and training courses
(MoNE, 2019), and in a sense, is trying to reduce the
negative impact of socio-economic variables on
students. Especially in cases where socio-economic
variables play a decisive role, it can be said that the
Conditional Cash Transfer for Education (CCTE)
Program and scholarship applications will be more
effective. The most frequently voiced recommendations
for reducing absenteeism are significantly similar to
current practices. Briefing activities, organization of
social, cultural, and sports activities, and the
monitoring of students are among the main
recommendations. However, considering the course of
absenteeism rates over the years and the
implementation, it becomes a matter of debate
whether similar practices would be effective in the
future. As stated by the participants, the failures in
implementing the legislation aimed at preventing
absenteeism and the inconsistencies observed from
time to time in the practices harm the efforts to reduce
absenteeism.

Recommendation
To prevent small problems from becoming large
problems, it is also helpful to create and set “triggers”
to instantly alert the attendance team and school
leaders to absences. For example, if a student is
absent two days in a row or absent more than a
certain number of days in a specific period of time, the
student’s name is flagged. This signals the team that
additional intervention may be required, such as a
parent meeting or home visit. During the meeting or
visit, develop an attendance action plan, focusing on
accountability but with a positive mindset. Again,
emphasize why it is in the child’s best interest to
attend school. Many causes of absenteeism are
mental-health related. Stress and anxiety affect not
only the quality of employees’ work, but it also leads to
increased absenteeism. Although it’s true that looking
after employees’ mental health will help reduce the
financial impact of absenteeism, it will also improve
overall performance and will make your workplace a
more positive and attractive place to be.
Plan for active, interactive and engaging class sessions
to rule out boredom and disinterest as causes of
absenteeism. This can be done by incorporating
various active strategies like role playing, debates or
through use of technologies like smart boards, clickers
etc.
 One of the best ways to get in front of chronic
absenteeism is to ensure that school is a place where
students are excited to be. When students feel happy
and safe, physically and emotionally, they engage in
school. This not only leads to higher attendance but
higher academic achievement as well. Build an
engaging calendar of events that motivates students to
come to school and participate in fun and educational
experiences. Establish consistent school- and district-
wide behavior expectations to help teachers keep
students on task and acting positively. Implement
Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, social
and emotional learning, and other culture-oriented
programs. Create goal-based incentives that motivate
attendance and positive student behavior. All of this
will help students achieve positive social and
emotional character development, and build an
environment that helps them feel connected to the
people they learn with. Use different reinforcements to
motivate students to attend classes. Pinning an
attendance sheet on the classroom board is a visual
reminder of all the classes they have missed. Rewards
can be handed out to the student with the maximum
attendance (works well in the lower classes) and
instead of punishments, students with lower
attendance can be given the duty of performing
different class chores (students and teacher can
collectively decide this, in advance).Parents should be
made aware of the excess number of classes missed by
their child. This can be done by arranging regular
meetings and working with parents to plan out
strategies best suited for their child. For example, in
case of health-related issues, the teacher can arrange
for an extra class to help the student with the missed-
out classes. Parents should also be informed of other
issues like bullying and poor peer relations, so as to
provide the necessary support and encouragement.
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Appendixes
The school district believes regular attendance to be
an essential element in the student's educational
process. Regular, punctual attendance fosters a
climate conducive to learning, perpetuates effective
teaching, protects the integrity of the school day and
ensures quality education. Regular, punctual
attendance, a responsibility that should be shared by
students, parents, and school, is one means by which
a student learns responsibility and self-discipline.
Good attendance at school is not just valuable, it's
essential. Going to school is directly linked to
improved exam performance which should in turn lead
to further learning opportunities and better job
prospects. As well as this, going to school helps to
develop: friendships. When children are absent from
school, they miss out on consistent instruction that is
needed to develop basic skills. Children in early grades
are particularly susceptible to falling behind in
fundamental reading skills, which can have a snowball
effect that impacts future learning Research has
shown that regular attendance and academic
achievement are closely linked, and many universities
find that monitoring student attendance allows them
to identify students who need support at an early
stage and put in place measures to help them
continue their studies.