Systems of Linear Equations; Determinants

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Systems of Linear Equations; Determinants

• Linear Equations
• Graphs of Linear Functions
• Solving Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns Graphically
• Solving Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns Algebraically
• Solving Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by Determinants
• Solving Systems of Three Linear Equations in Three Unknowns Algebraically
• Solving Systems of Three Linear Equations in Three Unknowns by Determinants

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Rectangular coordinates system

• Place one line horizontally and label it the x-axis.

• The other line is placed vertically and labeled
the y-axis.
• The point of intersection is called the origin.
• This is the rectangular coordinate system.
• The four parts into which the plane is divided
are called quadrants, which are numbered as
in Figure.
• The positions of points P(4,5), Q(-2,3) , R(-1,-
5), S(4,-2) , and T(0,3) are shown in Figure.
• Also note that the point T(0,3) is on the y-
axis. Any such point that is on either axis is
not in any of the four quadrants
Note very carefully that the x-coordinate is always written first, and the y-
coordinate is always written second. It is very important to keep the proper order
when writing the coordinates of a point.

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Graphs of Linear Functions (Straight-Line)

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Slope of line through two points 𝒎

Consider the line that passes through points A , with coordinates(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) , and B, with
coordinates (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) , in Figure. Point C is horizontal from A and vertical from B . Thus,
C has coordinates (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟏 ) , and there is a right angle at C . One way of measuring the
steepness of this line is to find the ratio of the vertical distance to the horizontal
distance between two points.
Therefore, we define the slope of the line through two points as the difference in the
y-coordinates ( rise: vertical change) divided by the difference in the x-coordinates
(run: horizontal change) . For points A and B, the slope is

𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒎=
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Example: Find the slope of the line through the points (2,-3) and (5,3).

Solution

By taking (𝟐, −𝟑) as (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) ,

Then 5,3 𝑖𝑠 (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 )

𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟏
The slope is, 𝒎=
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏

3−(−3) 6
𝑚= = =2 2
5−2 3 𝑚=
1

i.e. The line rises 2 units for each unit (of run) in going from left to right.

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Example: Find the slope of the line through the points (-1,2) and (3,-1).

Solution

By taking (−𝟏, 𝟐) as (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) ,

Then 3, −1 𝑖𝑠 (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 )
𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟏
The slope is, 𝒎=
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏

(−1)−(2) −3
𝑚= =
3−(−1) 4

i.e. The line falls 3 units for each 4 units (of run) in going from left to right.

➢ Practice Exercise: Find the slope of the line through (-2,4) and (-5,-6).

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Slope and steepness of line

• In Fig(a), a line with a slope of 5 is shown. It rises sharply.

1
• In Fig(b), a line with a slope of is shown. It rises slowly.
2
• In Fig(c), a line with a slope of −5 is shown. It falls sharply.
1
• In Fig(d), a line with a slope of − is shown. It falls slowly.
2

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Intercept points

x-intercept point: the point where it crosses the x-axis is the y-intercept and the
coordinates of the x-intercept are (𝑎, 0)

y-intercept point: the point where it crosses the y-axis is the y-intercept and the
coordinates of the y-intercept are (0, 𝑏)

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM OF THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

We now show how the slope is related to the equation of a straight line.
In Fig., if we have two points, (0,b) and a general point (x,y), the slope is
𝒚−𝒃
𝒎=
𝒙−𝟎

𝒎𝒙 = 𝒚 − 𝒃

𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 Slope-intercept form of the equation of a straight line

# The coefficient of x is slope, and the constant b is the ordinate of the y-

intercept.

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Example: Find the slope and y-intercept of the line 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4.

Solution

We must first write the equation in slope-intercept form. Solving for , we have

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟒

𝟑𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒

𝟐 𝟒
𝒚=− 𝒙+
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟒
Therefore, the slope is − and the y-intercept is the point 𝟎, . See Fig.
𝟑 𝟑

➢ Practice Exercise: Write the equation 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 15 = 0 in slope-intercept form.

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Sketching line by intercepts
Example: Sketch the graph of the line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 by finding its intercepts and one
check point.

Solution
For y-intercept,
let 𝒙 = 𝟎 → 𝟐 𝟎 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔 → 𝒚 = −𝟐
y-intercept is the point 𝟎, −𝟐

For x-intercept,
let 𝐲 = 𝟎 → 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑(𝟎) = 𝟔 → 𝒙=𝟑
x-intercept is the point 𝟑, 𝟎

For the check point,

𝟒
Let 𝒙 = 𝟏 → 𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔 → 𝒚=−
𝟑
𝟒
One check point is (𝟏, − )
𝟑

➢ Practice Exercise: Sketch the line with the given slope and y-intercept.
1
(a) 𝑚 = −4 , 0, −2 (b) 𝑚 = , 0,0 (c) 𝑚 = 0 , 0,5
2

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 ➢ Exercise (Pg.142, No43)

Find the value of 𝑘 such that the line 𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 9 has a slope of 3.

Solution
Slope 𝑚 = 3
The equation of the line is → 𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 9
−2𝑦 = −𝑘𝑥 + 9
𝑘 9
𝑦= 𝑥−
2 2

Compare with Slope-intercept form of the equation of a straight line : 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃

9
Then , y = − ,
2
𝑘
𝑚= → 𝑘 = 2𝑚 →𝑘=2 3
2

𝑘=6

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Exercises 5.2(Page 142)

No.22
No.25
No.29
No.34
No.38
No.39
No.40
No.44

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

 Thank you

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung

Systems of Linear Equations Mathematics 1 U Ye Ko Ko Aung