wcab

intetach
cat
he e
cdu quati Ue
. tself (B.
f'mag
eldofLlsz L bage
kau
Jesnui around
of is tu
Space FOR
fueld
magnehe
find ls du
Yewolvang of Two
orientatieus x n
Ze) te Lde
the sptting ement
de se¢ viewcd
(+
of f
atbnuc
shucte nucleus þossibe el
de
te I curtent
e e ohan
An The Bu
ORBIT
INILLAC
TION momenta
Aine = of e
2m IAQ
Ze
FoR
for
wgulat
reshonsHe de
in
Ze
+
Vieo
SPIN
b¡t
 Motlen relalwe to be a
nueleus encivelng t in an
67
Yeat amd
orbit of radius . The veloaky qf he
idenical
nucleus be
Ihe shrength t the mag ple dua to cwtTent

+ Ze anound
orbiting chang
the by Biot Savant's law,

n3.

Postton veeor of the obsehvaksu pont (eatreit)

Bs L be blae s cunrent loop dinected
loo = rdotu to bemeahlity le to
the pemitiway .

4TEc2

-ze (7s) 21
r3.

(C/m)
4o n3

The maqnetie field seen/ fott by che é depends

Lpsn is oun alue.
 The mament

68
2m / 6

the spn orbit nteractsu enentY ns therefore o

feld g
dpcle i located in a mag

2 uB s.

AEgs = 2B Ze me2n3
2 m
Ze2
AEs (reroling nuckeus)

Wh FoR, nucleu is at ut, u

we chamge
Actual motou
PE wl be teducad by a facen 2.
mars actually has to be
With neativístc veloitiu e du

m daneminao hu e Mass, Cassad at

ahond he nuulus)
.t (reooig )
 To enpnek tlhn

5.-C+s).(+ )

AEps

the alan n nn sate

En s he eneran
heyenee e 4pn orhit
alon tn
total enengy e the
indenadtbu is
E En t&E&,s

thu enegy
eneY lavels
ebehawes 'as t po44eMel an ininie angulas
mementun h and qnete momert one Bohr
21T

magnelon.
 Ackali Spechm
Prinihl Seeies
(I, als) Vupus Pleuct LocveAl 3lol.
<(m,up), m2
The louut s leucl has the louseat þoible value to
enont
alom
R
R m 2
((+As)? (m+up)?
2) Shanp seies m 2
(2,y) -(mi us)
on he anilou
s, leue nlusue e tu louet) te
Louet the P- leels.
R
m 2

3) DAfuse Seies 2
(m,us), m3
(aí, i)
Aises 4ham the thasitbou blw the Vaniws D- Reelo
and the loueat p- level.
R R
(2+4)° (m>6
Fundamental sties ot Sugmann Seies
VOhious F leet to the lowut b level
(3, ub) -(mi E) my4
R R
m>4
(3t4p) (map)?
 Ex þlenatiou of Salient Feaures of ALkaali
The. ConfRummtion of ab keali mahals is
the
Cere of an inent gas is SuYOunded by by an s

Li -[He] 2s'
Na = [ Ne]+ 3s'
k = CA] + 4s'
Rb Ck] + 5s1

The configunaton is datical to hydogen

e do not ay any þart in opkical Specha. only
valence e Coptial ) qies the chanactenishks of
optical Spechaa.
Take egamsle o Na atem The obtial 3s e of Na
ohen exeited ¿wnps to highen enemy states Such as
3P, AS, 3D, 4S, 5S, 45, depndo upen amont of
eyeitation enengt
When an opbal e. is eahed d then t reFurns
to ground stata , t gives Tise to all 4 chief
Serhes as
shamp sevies n's ’ 3 P, n= 4,5,6,-
Seres n= 3,4,5,-.

Diffuse Series n3,4,5,.

Fundam ental n: 4.5,.-.
 A Sodium Sounee
72 þesscble CAated stales
containsMs a lage o af albm. Al
awulable Por trne l+os,
hence all tlu setes ane i multansoudy observed
(with js les)
RootsThe
et5T lines Shamp Series cuee Yelatively shamp
The lunes f the P- serdes weNe obsenyed both m
emission and absorpten spectna for veny Small
eneitations, hence brineal Sere . The d ffeuse seraes
lines Cver e foumd to be Some ohat dffuced.
fnequ of fundamental senies,are n anfa red Yego
Come vemy close to that f the fundamental
hydmogn atom henee we called it fundamental
Sories
Hydrogen S
n=6
n=5

5p
Ad
Andaneutal
n=3

3p
princpd

3s
 of Nolence
Aeali fesponsble for quite ssle spech
atoms, The closed shel! hae
tbtal angular momettum 2 Zno Spin agular
mometum
alkal atom Du efecive potentil (ve) s
fadtally
for larg
derent fron Coulob ok espechly
a

þotenal s more 2. At Sml due dstanee, che

feree, BE
cttraehye
to Qulonmb than
of rbttal
than of the ns lee of ns ds aluys greakeyr
Enengy depends sfrongly hydnogen.
R.. fo Small the
orbit s highky he
pienco. Stoorg attnacton toclands Hhe
a
he nueleus Corespondung 4o to a Sfato o low enengy
For lage R, the benetneton becones 1es s
becomes more hydnozan Rke
Je.
The non benetnting orbits , to te
ara hy dnogen ks ke and hat rbets or ahth
term waluo ane duffenent io
þentneing orbits,
Inte

moveS
There foe ee does Grbitol otion

rrmertun
when e Spis there is spin angular spus anqulan
then
If he direc of Spin is cock wise is
Wometum is inside tu þlane L is outsido
the þane.
anticlockwise direc then direc of us cf e as e
moment due to spining
Theve is dipole
ats as a dipole.
Spin angular monent
orbital angular moment
(due to orbital motan ofe) ientathens( 5 ) 2 (e-s)
to Spin thene are tuo
due
feld ( This is
is Situuatad
n a mag hen
Lohen a dipole orbita motio)
due to to aliqn henselies
dipole tried
mag field.
in the direcn of
Thevefore mag fidd cwill abply a
inteachin iS
tongue Therafore, this spin orbit
maqnehie - magnehic interachou.
Called as
 Non
[senefmhing orhits
(enehahing vis

n-3
n= L4
n=2
n=l Nen penehati
Orbit

Penatraing orbit

orbit
S coe incveases n, non peneratiug
increases,