Statement of Purpose/Research Objectives:

Overall Objective: The overall objective of this research proposal is to investigate the
impact of climate change on various sectors in Vietnam, including agriculture, coastal
zones, and energy. The findings of this study can be utilized to inform policy decisions
and strategies to mitigate and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change in Vietnam.
Specific Aims:
1. To assess the current and projected impacts of climate change on agriculture in
Vietnam, including changes in crop yields, water availability, and soil health.

2. To examine the vulnerability of coastal zones in Vietnam to climate change, including

the impacts of rising sea levels and storm surges on human settlements, infrastructure,
and ecosystems.

3. To investigate the potential of renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change on Vietnam's energy system.

4. To identify policy options and strategies to promote adaptation and resilience to

climate change in Vietnam, including the development of climate-smart agricultural
practices, the improvement of coastal defenses, and the expansion of renewable energy
production.
Objectives:
1. To identify the historical trends and changes in climate patterns in Vietnam over the
last few decades.
2. To analyze the potential implications and impacts of climate change on the socio-
economic and environmental systems of the country.
3. To evaluate the current adaptation policies and practices in Vietnam to address the
effects of climate change on various sectors like agriculture, health and water resources.
4. To analyze the role of various stakeholders, including government agencies, private
sectors, and local communities, in addressing the climate change challenges in Vietnam.
5. To propose feasible policy interventions and strategies for enhancing climate resilience
and adaptation in both urban and rural areas across Vietnam.
6. To disseminate the research findings to relevant stakeholders through reports,
conferences, and workshops, and to lay the foundation for future research on climate
change in Vietnam.
Research Question:
General Research Question: What are the key drivers, impacts and potential adaptation
strategies for climate change in Vietnam?
Specific Questions:
1. What are the historical trends and patterns in climate change in Vietnam, and how have
these affected the country and its people?
2. What are the key drivers of climate change in Vietnam, including both natural and
human factors?
3. How are climate change impacts distributed across different regions and sectors in
Vietnam?
4. What are the potential adaptation strategies for different stakeholders in Vietnam,
including individuals, communities, and the government?
5. How can communication and education be improved to facilitate adaptation to climate
change, and increase public understanding of the issue?
Hypothesis:
There is no significant difference in academic performance between students who use
electronic devices for studying and those who do not. Students who use electronic
devices for studying have better academic performance compared to those who do not.

Significance and Limitation:

Significance:

1. The study on the effectiveness of studying with electronic devices is important because
the use of such devices has become increasingly popular among students.

2. Providing evidence-based knowledge on the effectiveness of studying with electronic

devices will help educators, students, and educational institutions to make informed
decisions regarding the use of electronic devices as a tool for learning.
3. The study has the potential to identify best practices for integrating the use of
electronic devices into the learning environment, which can inform educational policies
and guidelines.

Limitations:

1. The sample size for this study may be limited to a specific location or academic
institution, which may impact the generalizability of the findings.

2. Given the subjective nature of learning, it may be difficult to assess the effectiveness
of electronic devices in enhancing academic performance.

3. The study may have to rely on self-reported data from participants, which may
introduce the risk of response bias.

4. The study may also be limited by the technological capabilities of the electronic
devices used in the study.
Literature Review:
Introduction:
The prevalence of electronic devices use in education continues to grow at an
unprecedented rate. In recent years, most students use electronic devices such as laptops,
tablets, and smartphones instead of conventional mediums like notebooks and textbooks.
These devices offer a more convenient and efficient method of study as they provide
numerous educational resources that improve the learning process. However, there is
limited research about the effectiveness of electronic devices on students' academic
performance.

Effectiveness of Studying with Electronic Devices:

According to a report by the National Center for Education Statistics, 94% of
undergraduate students use a smartphone, while 81% use laptops for academic work. This
is an indication that electronic devices are now commonplace in education. The use of
laptops and tablets increases productivity and offers a more efficient method of taking
notes compared to traditional ways. Research by Hembrooke and Gay (2003) shows that
students who use laptops during class have better recall of the lecture material and
perform better on exams. In addition, a study by Woody, Daniel, and Baker (2010) found
that students who used electronic devices during class participated more, had less
absenteeism, and were more engaged during the course.

Challenges and Risks:

However, the use of electronic devices in education also presents some potential risks and
challenges that may impact academic performance. The most notable challenge is the
potential distraction from non-academic activities such as social media, gaming, and
browsing the internet. This can lead to decreased attention, motivation, and lower
academic performance. A research review by Junco and Cotton (2012) suggests that
unrestricted access to social media platforms can lead to lower GPA scores among
students.
Difficulties and Their Causes: Despite the benefits, students in Vietnam face various
difficulties when studying with electronic devices, including distractions, technology
issues, lack of motivation, and social isolation.

Study Design:
For this study, a randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Participants will be
randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The
experimental group will be required to use electronic devices and tools for studying while
the control group will utilize traditional methods of studying.

Study Population and Sampling:

The study population for this research will be college students. The sample size required
for this study will be determined using the power analysis formula with an alpha level of
0.05, power of 0.80, and effect size of 0.5. It is expected that a sample size of 100
participants would provide sufficient power for the study. Participants will be recruited
through posters and emails sent to various academic departments within the college.
Inclusion criteria will include college students who are currently enrolled in an academic
degree program and have access to electronic devices such as laptops, tablets, or
smartphones. Exclusion criteria will include participants who are not willing to
participate in the study, have a history of neurological or psychological disorders, or have
a history of drug or alcohol abuse. The participants will provide informed consent before
participating in the study, and they will be informed about the study procedures, their
right to withdraw from the study at any time, and the confidentiality of their information.
The participants will be given a baseline test to evaluate their prior knowledge of the
course content, and they will be informed about the test format and the time limit. After
the intervention, the two groups will take the same test, and the results will be analyzed
and compared using statistical methods.