ရဲစခန်းမှတ်ပုံတင် ၁-၃၇

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vufeufvid k pf ifrsm;zdik w
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(&JvufpJ G 'kw, d wGJ tyk'd f 1298^1299^1300 )
þrSwyf wHk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;rSm-
(1) &Jpcef;e,fajrtwGif; vkdifpifjzihfukdifaqmifMuaom vufeufrsm;ta&twGufESifh
vufeuftrsK;d tpm;wku Yd dk wdusreS uf efpmG od&EdS ikd &f ef/
(2) vkid pf ifjzihf vufeufuikd af qmifoo l nf rnfonfah us;&Gmtkypf ?k rnfonfah us;&Gm?rnfonfh
&yfuu G w f iG f aexkid af Mumif; tvG,w f ul wdusreS u f efpmG od&ESd ikd &f ef/
(3) vkid pf ifjzihf ukid af qmifciG jhf yKxm;aom vufeufrsm;tm; Oya'jzihf pnf ; urf ; wusudik f
aqmifa&;twGuf Bu;D MuyfuyG u f EJ idk &f ef jzpfygonf/
vufeufuidk af qmifciG fh vdik pf ifay;Edik o f rl sm;
&efukefNrdKUwGif &efukefwkdif;&JwyfzGJUrSL;rS aqmif&GufEdkifNyD; tjcm;wkdif;ESihfjynfe,frsm;wGif
oufqidk &f mwkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,f &mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D u vufeufuidk af qmifciG v fh idk pf if xkwaf y;Ekid o
f nf/
vufeufuikd af qmifciG fh vkid pf ifxw k af y;Ekid of nfh &mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D onf ykpH t H rSwf
taxGaxG
{
14? 15? 16? 18? 19ESifh 20 vufeuf 31? 33? 34? 35ESif h 36 wpfcck t }
k & vufeuf ukid f aqmifciG fh
vkid pf ifxw k af y;onf/ xku d ohJ Ydk vufeufuidk af qmifciG hf vdik pf ifxw k af y;aom &mZ0wf w&m;olBu;D onf
vkdifpifrdwåLwpfapmifukd oufqkdif&m wkdif;^jynfe,f &JwyfzGJUrSL;xHokdY ay;ykdY&onf/ oufqkdif&m
wkdif;^jynfe,f &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;onf vufeufukdifaqmifcGihfvkdifpif ukdifaqmifaeol aexkdif&m
NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;xHrw S pfqihf &Jpcef;rSL;xHoYdk ay;yko Yd nf/
&Jpcef;rSwyf w H k if(1) a&;zGief h nf;
&Jpcef;wGif vufc&H &Sad om vufeufvidk pf ifrw d Lå rsm;ukd &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if(1)wGif wGx
J m;&rnf/
þrSwfykHwifzkdifwGJ rmwdumukdvnf; a&;oGif;xm;&SdNyD; rmwdumwGif vufeufvkdifpifjzihf ukdifaqmif
olrsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd a&;oGi;f az:jyxm;&rnf? vkid pf ifrw d Lå (1)ckpw D iG f pm&Gut f vGww f pf&u G pf uD dk
yl;wGx J m;&S&d rnf? xku d o hJ Ydk yl;wGx J m;&jcif;rSm vkid pf ifjzihu f idk af qmifaom vufeufrsm;ukd ppfaq;ykid cf iG fh
&Sdolrsm;rS vma&mufppfaq;onfhtcg ppfaq;csufrsm;ukd vG,fvihfwul a&;rSwfxm;Ekdif&eftwGuf
jzpfonf/ oufqidk &f m NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;onf vufeufvidk pf ifrsm;ukd ppfaq;&rnf/ NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;
uk, d w f idk f ppfaq;aqmif&u G jf cif;rjyKEikd yf gu 'k&t J yk x
f ufredrahf om &Jt&m&Su d ppfaq;Edik f onf/ xku d o hJ Ydk
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;jyKvyk w f idk ;f wGif ppfaq;awGU&Scd surf sm;ukd vkid pf ifrw d Lå ESiyfh ;l wGx
J m;aom pm&Guv f wG af y:wGif
a&;om;az:jyí ppfaq;olt&m&Su d , dk wf ikd f vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
ppfaq;enf;
vkdifpifjzihfukdifaqmifaom vufeufrsm;tm; ppfaq;&efae&mrSm vkdifpifjzihfvufeufudkif
aqmifo\ l aetdrw f iG pf pfaq;&eftcsed rf mS aexGucf sed Ef iS fh ae0ifcsed Mf um;wGio f m ppfaq;&rnf[k &JvufpJG
'kw, d wGt J yk'd f 1300wGif wduspmG az:jyxm;ygonf/ (ntcsed w f iG f ppfaq;jcif; rjyK&[k wm;jrpfjcif;
jzpfygonf)/
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vkid pf ifjzihf vufeufuid k af qmifol tjcm;NrKd Ue,fâus;&Gm^&yfuu
G rf sm;okY d ajymif;a&TUoGm;vQif
vdkifpifjzihf vufeufudkifaqmifol wpfOD; wpfa,mufonf rdrd&Jpcef;e,fajrrS tjcm;&Jpcef;
e,fajrokdY ajymif;a&TUoGm;vQif ¤if;ESihfoufqkdifaom vufeufvkdifpifrdwåLESihf ppfaq;csufrsm;ukd
oufqkdif&m &Jpcef;rSL;xHokdY ykdYay;&rnf/ ay;ykdYvmaom vkdifpifrdwåLESihf ppfaq;csufwdkYukd vufcH&&Sd
aom&Jpcef;rSL;onf rdrd&Jpcef;rSwfykHwif(1)wGif a&;oGif;í qufvufppfaq;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&rnf/
vufc&H &Sad om &Jpcef;rSL;onf rlvay;ykcYd ahJ om &Jpcef;rSL;xHoYdk vkid pf ifrw d Lå ukd vufc&H &Sad Mumif; ajypmukd
jyefvnfay;ykdY&rnf? ay;ykdY&ef arhavsmhaeyguvnf; vufeufvkdifpifrdwåL ay;ykdYcJhonfh pcef;rSL;onf
oufqikd &f m&Jpcef;okYd taMumif;Mum;í ajypmukad wmif;cH&rnf? vkid pf ifjzihu f idk af qmif aom vufeufrsm;
twGuf rdrd&Jpcef;okdY rdwåLvkdifpifrsm; ra&muf&Sdao;ygu pcef;rSL;onf NrdKUe,f&JwyfzGJUrSL;rS wqihf
jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;½k;H okYd wifjyNy;D awmif;&rnf/
qktjzpfxw k af y;aom vufeurf sm;
qktjzpf xkwfay;xm;aom vufeufrsm;twGuf uif;vGwfcsufoufaocHvufrSwfrsm;ukd
trSwftom;jzihf &Sdap&rnf/ ¤if;tjyif&Jpcef;rSL;onf qktjzpfvufeufukdifaqmifcGihf&&Sdolukd
,rf;awmifrh nfrQ cGijhf yKxm;aMumif; oufaocHvufrw S af y:wGif rSwo
f m;xm;&rnf/ xdu k o hJ Ykd rSwo f m;
xm;csufrsm; ryg&Sdíaomfvnf;aumif;? cGihfjyKaom ,rf;awmifhrsm; ta&twGufukd az:jyxm;jcif;
r&Sv
d Qiaf omfvnf;aumif; NrKd Ue,f&wJ yfzUJG rSL;rSwpfqihf oufqidk &f mjynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;½k;H okYd txl;
tpD&ifcpH m a&;om;ay;yk&Yd rnf/
vkid pf iftopfvv J ,
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vkid pf iftopf vJv, S &f eftwGuf oufqikd &f m wkid ;f ^jynfe,f (y&)rSL;½k;H rS taMumif;Mum; vdrrhf nf?
ESppf Of Zefe0g&DvtwGi;f wGif tNy;D vJv, S &f onf? vkid pf iftopfvv J ,
S Nf y;D aMumif;ukd zkid w
f JG rmwdum&Sd
ouf q k d i f & m Z,m;uG u f w G i f vk d i f p if t opf vJ v S , f a Mumif ; a&;om;xm;í vk d i f p if \
ausmbufwiG v f nf; wkid ;f ^jynfe,f(y&)rSL;½k;H \ trdetYf rSwEf iS fh &ufprJG sm;ukd a&;om;az:jyxm;&rnf/
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f aJG [mif;rS topfou Ydk ;l ajymif;zGivfh pS jf cif;
taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d aMumihf zkid wf aJG [mif;rS topfou Ydk ;l ajymif;&ef vkt
d yfaomtcg zkid w
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rS tok;H 0ifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd xkwEf w k ,
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vufeufvidk pf ifrsm; zdik w

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JG ñTe;f rmwdum
vufeuf vkid pf if
tvkyf vdik pf if taMumif;
tpOf trnf aus;&Gm trsK;d eHygwf topf
tudik f eHygwf t&m
tpm; vJjcif;
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
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1924 ckEpS f vufeuf Oya't& xkwq f ihaf om
trdet Yf mPm
vdik pf if^ygrpfjzihf ukid af qmifciG &fh &do
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xkwq f ihaf omñTeMf um;csuyf pHk H
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vlBu;D rif;rSwnfqOJ ya'vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ESit
fh nD ukid af qmifciG fh &&Sx
d m;aom vkid pf iftrSwf
-------------t&? vlBu;D rif;ukid af qmifaeaom ------------------(vkid pf iftrsK;d tpm;ESifh eHygwf)ukd ---
------------uppfaq;&eftwGuf ----------------ckEpS ?f -------------------v? ------- &uf? -----------
---tcsed w
f iG f --------------------(ae&m)xkwaf y;jyo&rnf/
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rSwcf su/f NrdKUe,f&wJ yfzUJG rSL;ukd,fwkd if jznfhpGufa&;oGif;&efjzpfonf/ trdew Yf iG f az:jyyg&Sdonfh

NrKd Ue,f&wJ yfzUJG rSL; okrYd [kwf 'kw, d NrKd Ue,f&w
J yfzUJG rSL; okrYd [kwf &Jpcef;rSL;u ppfaq;&ef
jzpfonf/
vufeufuidk af qmif&ef vkid pf ifrsm;xkwaf y;jcif;? ygrpfrsm;xkwaf y;jcif;ESifh Edik if aH wmfyidk f vufeuf
rsm;iSm;&rf;jcif;ponfwkdYESihfywfoufí jynfxJa&;ESihfomoema&;0efBuD;Xme\10-12-59 &ufpyJG g
pmtrSw?f p-13^022 ESifh 11-12-59 aeYpyJG gpmtrSwf p-11^059wkt Yd & vufeufuidk af qmifrI wpf&yfudk
xkwfjyefcJhygonf/xkdokdYxkwfjyefcJhonfh vufeufukdifaqmifa&;rlukd ajymif;vJvmonfh tajctae
t&yf&yfEiS thf nD jzpfap&ef jyefvnfppd pfí vkt d yfonfjh yifqifr?I jznfph u G rf rI sm;jyKvyk cf NhJ y;D aemuf vufeuf
ukdifaqmifa&;rltopfukd 1977ckESpfwGif xyfrHxkwfjyefcJhygonf/xkduJhokdYxkwfjyefcJhonfh vufeuf
ukid af qmifa&;rlrS atmufygtwkid ;f xkwEf w k af z:jyygonf/
vufeufvidk pf ifuidk af qmifciG jfhyKaom aoewftrsK;d tpm;

3/ atmufaz:jyyg aoewftrsKd;tpm;rsm;ukd owfrSwfonfh t&nftcsif;ESihf jynfhpkHolrsm;tm;
uefo Y wfonfh ta&twGux f uf rykad pbJ vkid pf ifjzihaf omfvnf;aumif; ygrpfjzihaf omfvnf;aumif;
ukid af qmifciG jfh yK&ef jzpfygonf-
(u) vkid pf ifjzihu f idk af qmifciG jhf yKaom aoewftrsK;d tpm;
(1) .38 bkEYd iS fh ¤if;xufajymif;0i,faom qkv H nfaoewf?
(2) .38bkYd okrYd [kwf 9 rDvrD w D mxuf ajymif;0i,faom ypöwadk oewf?
(3) .12 bkEYd iS fh ¤if;xufajymif;0i,faom ajymif;acsmaoewf?
(4) .22 bkEYd iS fh ¤if;xufajymif;0us,af om trJvu kd af oewf?
(5) avaoewf?
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(c) ygrpfjzihf ukid af qmifciG jfh yKaom aoewftrsK;d tpm;
(1) .38bkYd okrYd [kwf 9-rDvrD w D mESifh ¤if;wkx Yd uf ajymif;0us,af om ypöwadk oewf?
(2) ½dik zf ,f?
(3) pwif;aoewf?
(4) umbkdaoewf?
rSwcf su/f ygrpfjzihf ukid af qmif&ef cGijhf yKonfh aoewfonf Ekid if aH wmfyidk f aoewftjzpf
jzihf oufqidk &f m NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUJG wGif rSwyf w Hk ifpm&if;oGi;f Ny;D onfh aoewfjzpf&yg
rnf?,if;aoewftrsK;d tpm;ukd ukid af qmifciG jfh yKxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí umuG,f
a&;0efBu;D XmerS od&v dS adk om pm&if;rsm;ukd ay;&efjzpfygonf/
4/ txufygtyk'd f 3(u)ESifh tyk'd f 3(c)wGif az:jyygaoewftrsK;d tpm;rsm;tjyif tjcm; aoewf
trsK;d tpm;rsm; ukid af qmifciG jfh yKa&;twGuf jynfxaJ &;ESio fh moema&;0efBu;D Xmeonf tcgtm;avsmf
pGm ñTeMf um;owfrw S Ef ikd yf gonf/
5/ txuftyd'k f 3(c)wGif az:jyyg&So d nfh ygrpfjzihu f idk af qmifciG jfh yKaom aoewftrsK;d tpm;rsm;
teuf ½dik zf ,f? pwif;aoewfEiS fh umbkid af oewfrsm;ukd a'oqkid &f mvkNH cKH a&; w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ESifh
pnf;urf;ao0yf wnfNird af &; xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufrt I wGuf a'otvku d f w&m;0ifzUJG pnf;xm;onfh
Edik if aH wmf\ vkyif ef;rsm;qkid &f m vkNH cKH rt I zGUJ tpnf;? aomif;use;f olqefu Y siaf &;tzGUJ tpnf;? jynfopYl pf
tzGUJ tpnf; ponfrsm;uko d m udik af qmifciG jhf yK&ef jzpfygonf/
,if;aoewfrsm;ukd yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D csi;f tm; oD;jcm;ukid af qmifciG jfh yKrnfr[kwyf g? ok&Yd mwGif txl;
udpö&yftaejzihf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;tm; oD;jcm;ukdifaqmifcGihfjyK&ef vkdtyfygu jynfxJa&;ESihf
omoema&;0efBu;D Xme(,ck ,ck jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D Xme Xme)okYd wifjyí oabmwlncD su&f ,l&ygrnf/
6/ vkdifpifjzihf ukdifaqmifcGihfjyKonfjzpfap? ygrpfjzihfukdifaqmifcGihfjyKonfjzpfap aoewfwGif
wyfqifaom ta0;Munfrh eS af jymif; (Telescopic Sight)ESifh toHww d af paom ud&, d m (Silencer)
rsm;ukd vk;H 0cGirfh jyKyg/
aoewfuidk af qmifciG afh vQmufxm;olrsm;twGuf t&nftcsi;f owfrw S cf suf
7/ vkid pf ifjzihaf omfvnf;aumif;? ygrpfjzihaf omfvnf;aumif; aoewfuidk af qmifciG jfh yK&ef avQmuf
xm;olonf atmufaz:jyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph rHk o S m aoewfuidk af qmifciG fh jyK&efjzpfygonf-
(u) touf-18ESpjf ynfNh y;D ol jzpf&rnf? (avaoewfuidk af qmifciG fh vkid pf iftwGuf touf
14-ESpf jynfNh y;D oljzpf&rnf/
( c ) Ekid if aH wmftay: opöm&So d l jzpf&rnf?
( * ) tusipfh m&dwå aumif;rGeo f l jzpf&rnf?
(C) vkNH cKH rt I wGuf aoewfuidk af qmif&ef trSew f u,f vkt d yfojl zpf&rnf?
( i ) Ekid if aH wmf\ vkNH cKH a&;? a'oqkid &f m vkNH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ESifh pnf;urf;ao0yf
wnfNird af &;ukd vufeufuidk af qmifciG fh jyKjcif;tm;jzihf taESmift h ,Sujf yKEidk o
f l rjzpfap&/
8/ vkdifpifjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? ygrpfjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? aoewfukdifaqmifcGihfjyK&ef
avQmufxm;onfhtcgwGif txuftykd'f 7yg t&nftcsif; owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf ywfoufí
atmufaz:jyygtwkid ;f axmufccH surf sm;yg&S&d ygrnf-
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(u) jynfolY0efxrf;r[kwfolrsm; sm;/ /jynfolY0efxrf;r[kwfolrsm;twGuf oufqkdif&m
&yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmtkypf k jynfoaYl umifpt D vkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ axmufccH suyf g&S&d yg
rnf/
( c ) jynfo0Yl efxrf;rsm;;/ /jynfolY0efxrf;rsm;twGuf oufqidk &f m 0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;\
tBu;D tuJ\ axmufccH suf yg&S&d ygrnf/
( * ) wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ /wyfrawmf o m;rsm;twG u f umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy½f ;Hk (Munf;)
\axmufccH suf yg&S&d ygrnf/
aoewfuid k af qmifciG f h &&So d rl sm;\wm0efrsm;
9/ vkid pf ifjzihaf omfvnf;aumif;? ygrpfjzihaf omfvnf;aumif; aoewfuikd af qmifciG fh &&So d rl sm;onf
atmufygwm0efrsm; &Syd gonf-
(u) a'oqkid &f mvkNH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ESifh pnf;urf;ao0yfwnfNird af &;? xde;f odr;f
apmihaf &Smuf&ef tvkiYd mS a'oqkid &f mtmPmykid t f zGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf&yfujzpfap? 0efxrf;
tzGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf&yfujzpfap tultnDawmif;cHonft h cg yg0ifun l aD qmif&u G &f ef
wm0ef&o dS nf/
( c ) jypfrq I idk &f mrIcif;rsm;ESifh 'kp½duk v f kyfief;rsm;ukd wm;qD;ESdrfeif;a&;twGuf rdrEd iS fh ouf
qkid af om a'oqkid &f mtmPmykid t f zGUJ tpnf; wpf&yf&yfujzpfap? 0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfujzpfap tultnDawmif;cHonft h cg yg0ifun l aD qmif&u G &f ef wm0ef&o dS nf/
( * ) rdrad exkid &f m &yfuu G ^f aus;&Gm okrYd [kwf rdrv d uf0,f aoewf u d k i f a qmif xm;csed üf
rdrda&muf&Sdaeonfhae&ma'o wpfcck w k iG f jynfov l x
l \k touft;dk tdrEf iS fh jynfoyl idk f
ypön;f rsm;? or0g,rykid yf pön;f rsm;ESifh trsm;ykid yf pön;f rsm;ukd tEÅ&m,fjyK zsuq f ;D aeol
rsm;ukad wGU&Sv d Qif a'oqkid &f mtmPmykid t f zGUJ tpnf;u csrw S xf m;onfh pnf;urf;abmif
twGi;f rS rdrd\pGrf;tm;&Sad eoa&TU vkt d yfovkyd g0if umuG,fapmihfa&Smuf&ef wm0ef
&So
d nf/
udik af qmifciG jfhyKaom aoewfta&twGuEf iS , fh rf;awmiht f a&twGuf
10/ aoewfta&twGu/f /yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;taejzihfvnf;aumif;? tzGJUtpnf;taejzihf vnf;
aumif;ukid af qmifciG jfh yKaom aoewfta&twGuu f dk atmufygtwkid ;f owfrw S yf gonf-
(u) wpfO;D csi;f ukid af qmifciG jfh yKaom aoewfta&twGuf
(1) jynfo0l efxrf; r[kwo f l jzpfvQif txuftyk'd f 3(u)yg vkid pf ifjzihu f idk af qmif
cGijhf yKaom aoewftrsKd;tpm;rsm;teuf BuKd uEf pS o f uf&m aoewftrsK;d tpm;
3-vuftxd ukid af qmifciG jfh yKEidk yf gonf/
(2) jynfo0l efxrf;jzpfvQif txuftyk'd f 3(u)yg vdik pf ifjzihf udik af qmifciG jfh yKaom
aoewf t rsKd ; tpm;rsm;teuf BuKd uEf pS o f uf&m aoewftrsK;d tpm; 3-vuf
txduakd omfvnf;aumif;? txuftyk'd f 3(c) (1)yg ygrpfjzihu f idk af qmifciG jfh yK
aom aoewftrsKd ; tpm; 1-vufuadk omfvnf;aumif; udik af qmifciG jfh yKEikd yf g
onf/
(3) rnforl qkd vkid pf ifjzihaf omfvnf;aumif;? ygrpfjzihaf omfvnf;aumif;rsK;d wlaoewf
trsK;d tpm; 1-vufxuf ykrd u dk ikd af qmifciG rfh &Sad p&/
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6
( c ) tzGUJ tpnf;taejzihf ukid af qmifciG jfh yKaom aoewfta&twGuf
(1) a'oqkid &f mvkNH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ESipfh nf;urf;ao0yfwnfNird af &;xde;f odr;f
apmihaf &Smufrt I wGuf a'otvku d wf &m;0ifzUJG pnf;xm;onfh Ekid if aH wmf\vkyif ef;
rsm;qkid &f m? vkNH cKH rt I zGUJ tpnf;rsm;tm; txuftyk'd 3f (c)yg ygrpfjzihf ukid af qmif
cGijfh yKaom aoewftrsK;d tpm;rsm;ukd jynfxaJ &;ESio fh moema&;Bu;D XmerSaomf
vnf;aumif;? þudpt ö wGuf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&aom tzJUG rS aomfvnf;aumif;?
oihaf vsmo f vkd owfrw S af y;onfh ta&twGut f wkid ;f ukid af qmifciG fh jyKEidk yf g
onf/
(2) ,if;okYd ygrpfjzihu f idk af qmifciG jfh yKxm;onfh aoewfrsm;ukd qufvufuidk af qmif
cGijfh yK&ef rvkt d yfonft h cg ,if;aoewfrsm;ukd ygrpfEiS w fh uG oufqidk &f mjynfoYl
&JwyfzUGJ okYd jyefvnftyfEaHS p&ef jzpfygonf/ (wyfrawmfrS xkwaf y;onfh vufeuf
rsm;tusK;H r0ifyg)/
(3) aomif;use;f olqefYusifa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh jynfopYl pftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;tm;
aoewfvufeuf ukid af qmifciG jfh yKjcif;ukd umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xmeu aqmif&u G f
&efjzpfygonf/
11/ ,rf;awmiht f a&twGu/f aoewftrsK;d tpm; toD;oD;twGuf trsm;qk;H xm;&dcS iG jfh yKonfh
,rf;awmiht f a&twGuu f dk atmufygtwkid ;f owfrw S yf gonf-
(u) vkid pf ifjzihf udik af qmifciG jfh yKonfah oewfrsm;twGuf trsm;qk;H xm;&Scd iG jhf yKonfh ,rf;awmihf
ta&twGu-f
(1) qkv H nfaoewf -50
(2) ypöwakd oewf -50
(3) .12 bkEYd iS fh ¤if;xufajymif;0 i,faom ajymif;acsmaoewf -50
(4) .22 trJvu kd af oewf -100
(5) .22 xuf ajymif;0us,af om trJvu dk af oewf -100
( c ) ygrpfjzihf ukid af qmifciG jfh yKaom aoewfrsm;twGuf trsm;qk;H xm;&Scd iG jfh yKonfh ,rf;awmihf
ta&twGu-f
(1) ypöwadk oewf -50
(2) ½dik zf ,f -100
(3) pwif;aoewf -100
(4) umbkid af oewf -100
( * ) txufaz:jyyg aoewftrsK;d tpm;tvku d f trsm;qk;H xm;&Scd iG jfh yKonfh ,rf;awmiht f a&
twGux f uf ykrd u dk idk af qmifvydk gu jynfxaJ &;ESifh omoema&;0efBu;D Xme\ BuKd wifo
abmwlncD su&f ,lí ukid af qmifciG fh jyK&efjzpfygonf/
vufaqmifaoewfrsm; ((Gift Guns)ES

)ESifh qkaoewfrsm; ((Reward Guns))
12/ vufaqmifaoewfrsm; (Gift Guns)ESihfywfoufí atmufygtwkdif; aqmif&Guf&efjzpfyg
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
7
onf-
(u) Edik if jH cm;tpk;d &rS vufatmuftjzpfay;í jynfaxmifpq k &dk ,
S v
f pfor®w jrefrmEkid if aH wmf
u todtrSwjf yKaom aoewfrsm;ukd vkid pf ifjzihf ukid af qmifciG jfh yK&efjzpfygonf/okaYd omf
,if;aoewfrsm;onf wyfrawmfo;Hk ppfvufeuftrsK;d tpm; rjzpfap&yg/
( c ) ,if;aoewfrsm;ukd txuftyk'd f 10 wGiu f efoY wfxm;onfh aoewfta&twGuw f iG f
xnfo h iG ;f wGucf sujf cif; rjyK&efjzpfygonf/
( * ) vufaqmifaoewf udik af qmifol uG,v f eG o
f mG ;vQiaf omfvnf;aumif;? touft&G,f
Bu;D í qufvuf r ud k i f a qmifvv dk Qiaf omfvnf;aumif;? ,if;aoewfudk oufqidk &f m
&JwyfzUJG okYd jyefvnftyfE&HS ygrnf/
(C) vufaqmifaoewfudk wjcm;olwOD;OD;tm; vTaJ jymif;ay;jcif; rjyKEidk yf g/
13/ qkaoewfrsm; (Reward Guns) rsm;ESiyfh wfoufí atmufygtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f ef jzpfyg
onf-
(u) jynfaxmifpq k &dk ,
S v
f pfor®w jrefrmEdik if aH wmfu qktjzpf cs;D jri§ o
fh nfh aoewfrsm;ukd
vkid pf ifuif;vGwcf iG fh vufrw S (f Exemption Certifcate)jzihf ukid af qmifciG jhf yK&ef
jzpfygonf/
(c) ,if;aoewfrsm;ukd txuftyk'd f 10wGif uefo Y wfxm;onfh aoewfta&twGuw f iG f
xnfo h iG ;f wGucf sujf cif; rjyK&efjzpfygonf/
(*) qkaoewfrsm; vTaJ jymif;ukid af qmifciG fh jyKjcif;ESiyfh wfoufí oD;jcm;owfrw S f xm;onfh
pnf;urf;csut f wkid ;f vdu k ef maqmif&uG &f ef jzpfygonf/
rSwfykHwif(2)
&Jpcef;rS odr;f qnf;&rdaom vufeufrsm; rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJG tyd'k f 1301^1302^1303 )
þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
1/ þrSwfykHwifxm;&Sd&jcif;rSm &Jpcef;wpfckwGif txufazmfjyyg taMumif;t&mwpfckckaMumifh
&Jpcef;rS odr;f qnf;xm;&aom vufeufrsm;tm; pHepfwus pm&if;jyKpk a&;oGi;f xm;&ef jzpfygonf/
(u) jypfrEI iS o hf rd ;f qnf;&rdaom vufeufc, J rf;rsm;?
( c ) ydik &f iS rf YJ odr;f qnf;&rdaom vufeufc, J rf;rsm;?
( * ) &Jpcef;odYk acwåvma&muf tyfEo HS nfh vufeufc, J rf;rsm; jzpfygonf/
þrSwyf w Hk if pmtkyt f m; tkycf sKyf 24^&J 48 t& a&;oGi;f &rnf/
rSwcf su/f tpk;d &u xkwaf y;aom vufeufrsm;tm; þ rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f a&;oGi;f jcif;rjyK&/
2/ jypfrjI zihf odr;f qnf;aom vufeufc, J rf;rsm;tjyif vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;-
(u) vufeufOya'yk'fr 13 t& vdkifpifr&SdbJ udkifaqmifaomaMumifh odrf;qnf;onfh
vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
( c ) vufeufOya'yk'fr 16 t& vkdifpif&ufukefqkH;í rvJvS,fEkdifao;rD qufvufxm;
ydkifcGihfr&SdaomaMumifh &Jpcef;odkY acwåvma&muftyfESHxm;&Sdaom vufeufcJ,rf;
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
8
ud&, d mrsm;?
(*) vufeufOya'yk'rf 24 t& vufeufOya'ESit fh a&;,lc&H Ny;D jynfoyl idk yf pön;f tjzpf
odr;f qnf;jcif;cH&aom vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
(C) vufeufOya'yk'fr 25^26 rsm;t& w&m;olBuD;rS xkwfay;aom trdefY0&rf;t&
&SmazG&&Sad om vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
(i) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 51 t& zrf;qD;cH&ol ud, k af y:rS awGU&Sod rd ;f qnf; &rdonfh
vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
(p) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 94 t& pkpH rf;ppfaq;aomtrIjzihf &Jpcef;odYk vma&muf
wifjy&ef xkwq f ihaf omaMumihf &&daS om vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
(q) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 165 t& pcef;rSL;ujzpfap ? trIppfujzpfap? rdrpd pHk rf;
ppfaq;aom jypfrjI zihf rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrtwGi;f &SmazGawGU&So d rd ;f qnf;aom vufeuf
cJ,rf; ud&, d mrsm;?
(Z) jypfrq I idk &f m usix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 166 t& pcef;rSL;ujzpfap? trIppfujzpfap? jypfrjI zihf
tvdk&Sdí tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajr pcef;rSL;xHodkY taMumif;Mum;csuft& &SmazGawGU&Sd
odr;f qnf;&rdaom vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
3/ txufazmfjyyg tykd'f (u)rS (Z) txdyg&Sdaom vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;udk þrSwfykHwifpmtkyf
wGif a&;oGif;Mu&rnf/xkdvufeufcJ,rf;u&d,m ypönf;rsm;rSm oufaocHypönf;ESihfvnf; oufqkdif
vsufaeojzihf oufaocHypönf;tjzpf odrf;qnf;&rdonfhtcg &Jpcef;rSwfykHwif-32 (oufaocH
ypön;f pm&if;pmtky)f wGiv f nf; a&;oGi;f xm;&rnf? od&Yk mwGif rSwyf w Hk ifpmtky(f 2)ESifh rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf
(32)ESpcf pk vk;H ü tjyeftvSef ñTeMf um;xm;onft h wkid ;f jynfph pHk mG a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/
4/ oufaocHypön;f rsm;ESiyhf wfoufí &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if 32 pmtky&f dS Z,m;uGut f rSwf (3)ü (rSrSife)D jzihf
a&;oGi;f &rnf/4if;oufaocH vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;udk aemufq;Hk wGif rnfoYkd pDrH cefcY aGJ Mumif;udk
&&Sod nfv h ufeufc, J rf;ppfrufqidk &f m rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf rSwyf w Hk if(2)wGiv f nf; a&;oGi;f &rnf/
(&Jp'GJ k - 1303)
5/ ydkif&SifrJYodrf;qnf;&rdaom vufeufcJ,rf;u&d,mrsm;tjzpf a&;oGif;&aom vufeufcJ,rf;
u&d,mrsm;twGuf atmufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk owdjyK&efvo dk nf-
(u) &JtufOya'yk'rf 20 t& ydik &f iS rf ay:í odr;f qnf;aom vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;?
(c) &JtufOya'yk'fr 22 wGif azmfjyxm;onfrSm &JtufOya'yk'fr 20 t& odrf;qnf;
&rdonfh vufeufc, J rf; u&d,mrsm;udk jynfoyl ikd t f jzpf odr;f qnf;&ef trdecYf srw S Nf y;D
jzpfygu 4if;vufeufcJ,rf; u&d,mrsm;tm; þrSwfykHwifpmtkyftrSwf (2)wGifyif
a&;oGi;f xm;&ygrnf/
6/ &Jpcef;odYk acwåvma&muftyfEaHS om vufeufc, J rf; u&d,mrsm;twGuf atmufyg taMumif;
t&mrsm;ukd a&;rSwx f m;&ef vkyd gonf-
(u) vufeufOya'yk'fr 16 t& vkdifpifukefqkH;í rvJvS,f&ao;rD vuf0,fqufvuf
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
9
xm;&Syd ikd cf iG rhf &dí S acwåvma&muftyfEx HS m;aom vufeufrsm;aomfvnf;aumif;?
( c ) vdik pf ifuek q f ;Hk aeaom vufeufc, J rf; u&d,mrsm;?
( * ) tjcm;taMumif;udpötrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh acwåvma&muftyfESHxm;aom vufeufcJ,rf;
u&d,mrsm;?
Oyrm/ vkid pf if&olonf ntdycf &D;oGm;aomaMumifh 4if;udik af qmifaom vufeufc, J rf;u&d,m
rsm;udk &Jpcef;odYk vma&muftyfEv HS Qif þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyüf a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
owdjyKvu dk ef maqmif&u G &f ef
7/ txufazmfjyyg tykid ;f (3)ydik ;f ESiyhf wfoufí vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm; vufc&H &Sjd cif;? xkwf
ay;jcif;? zsuq f ;D jcif;paom udp&ö yfrsm;wGif &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if 4 t&yf&yfaeYpOf rSww f rf;pmtkyw f iG f jynfph pHk mG
azmfjya&;om;&rnft h jyif xkwaf y;jcif;? vufc&H &Sjd cif;ponfh udp&ö yfrsm;wGif ajypmrsm;udk pepfwus
a&;om;xm;&rnf/
8/ vufc&H &Sd odr;f qnf;xm;&aom vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;wGif &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if 2 pmtkyf rS
tpOfeyH gwfukd a&;om;csw d q f x GJ m;&rnf/
9/ þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd wpfEpS w f pfcg topfa&;zGi&fh rnf/ESpaf [mif;rS a&;oGi;f cJo h nfh vufeuf
cJ,rf;pm&if;udk ESpfopfokdY ul;ajymif;aomtcgwGif ESpfa[mif;pmtkyfwGif a&;oGif;xm;onfh tpOf
eHygwfuv kd nf; tjyeftvSef &nfñeT ;f azmfjyxm;&rnf/
10/ oufaocHypön;f tjzpf odr;f qnf;aom vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;rSwpfyg; tjcm;taMumif;
rsm;aMumifh odrf;qnf;aom vufeufcJ,rf;u&d,mrsm;ESifhywfoufí rnfonfhaeY ? rnfolUxHrS
rnfonfhtwGuf odrf;qnf;&aMumif;udk ESpfpOf jynfe,f^wkdif;&JwyfzJGUrSL;xHodkY txl;tpD&ifcHpm
a&;om;ay;yd&Yk rnf/
11/ vufeufuikd w f yfzUGJ r[kwaf om Xmersm;odYk vkid pf ifjzihf udik af qmifciG jfh yKxm;aom vufeufc, J rf;
u&d,mrsm;udk vkNH cKpH mG xde;f odr;f xm;Ekid af &;twGuf tyfEcHS iG rfh &d?S teD;qk;H (od)Yk vG,v f ifw h ul oGm;vm
Ekid af om vufeufuikd w f yfzUGJ odo Yk mvQif ay;ydt Yk yfE&HS rnf/
12/ vufeufuikd w f yfzUGJ rsm;rSvnf; vkNH cK&H eftvdiYk mS acwåvma&muftyfEx HS m;aom vufeuf rsm;rS
wpfyg; tjcm;aomvufeufrsm;udk jynfe,f^wkid ;f tkycf sKyaf &;taxGaxGO;D pD;XmerSL;(od)Yk jynfe,f^wdik ;f
&JwyfzUGJ rSL;wk\ Yd trdecYf iG jfh yKcsuf r&&Sb d J jyefray;Ekid yf g/ tu,fí txufazmfjy olw\ Ydk cGijfh yKred jYf zihf
jyefvnfxw k af y;onft h cg 4if;t&m&Sw d \
Ykd trdet Yf & jyefay;onf[k azmfjyxm;&rnf/
13/ vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;udk jynfe,f^wdik ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;½k;H pwkrd sm;okYd ydaYk omtcg &JrLS ; (od)Yk 'k&rJ LS ;
(a&;âxmuf)\ ajypmvufrw S u f kd awmif;cH&,l&rnf/vufeufc, J rf;u&d,mrsm;udk vufco H rd ;f qnf;
onfh oufqidk &f m pwkpd m&if;pmtkyt f rSw?f tpOfwu Ykd kd rdr&d pJ cef; rSwyf w Hk if(2) wGif a&;oGi;f azmfjyxm;
&rnf/
þrSwyf w Hk if 2 pmtkyu f kd 3 ESpaf usmv f eG v f Qif zsuq f ;D Ekid o
f nf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
10
rSwfykHwif (3)
&Jpcef; ppfaq;csufzkdif
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1305 rS 1306 )
1/ þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf surf mS &Jpcef;odYk txuft&m&Srd sm; ppfaq;&mwGif vdt k yf
onfrsm;udk jznfph u G af qmif&u G Ef idk &f efEiS hf rSm;,Gi;f pGm aqmif&u G cf surf sm;tm; jyefvnfjyKjyifEidk &f ef jzpfonf/
&Jpcef;ppfaq;csuzf ikd f ESpcf &k o dS nf-
2/ (1) e&cESifh txuftBu;D tuJrsm; ppfaq;csuzf idk f rSwyf w Hk if 3(u)
(2) jynfe,f^wkdif;wyfzJGUrSL; ?'kjynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzrYJG SL;rsm;?ppfaq;csufzkdirf w S yf w
Hk if 3(c)
(3) NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;?'kNrKdUe,frSL; ppfaq;csufzkdif rSwyf w Hk if 3(*)
&Jpcef;ppfaq;csuf 3 rsK;d
3/ (1) tpDtpOftwdik ;f jynfph pHk mG ppfaq;jcif;(od)Yk twdtusppfaq;jcif; (FORMAL)
(2) tpDtpOfrjyKvyk b f J wpfpw d w f pfa'oppfaq;jcif;(od)Yk omrefppfaq;jcif; (INFORMAL)
(3) taMumif;Mum;jcif;rjyKbJ yuwdtajctaetwdik ;f od&adS tmif ½kww f &ufppfaq;jcif;(od)Yk
a&Smifwcifppfaq;jcif;(Surprise Check )
omrefppfaq;jcif;
4// omrefppfaq;jcif;udk wpfvvQi(f 1)Burd Ef iS t fh wdtusppfaq;jcif;ud(k 1)ESp(f 1)Burd f ppfaq;&rnf/
{&JpGJ (y) 67(i)^&JpGJ (y) 314^&JpGJ ('k) 1069(u) }
ppfaq;csuaf &;om;enf;
5/ &Jpcef;? &Juif;rsm;udk txuft&m&Sdrsm;u oGm;a&mufppfaq;&mwGif vdktyfonfrsm;udk
jznfph uG af qmif&u G Ef idk &f efEiS hf rSm;,Gi;f pGmaqmif&u G cf surf sm; jyefvnfjyKjyifEidk &f eftwGuf &Jpcef; ppfaq;csuf
rSwyf w Hk if(3)udk xm;&S&d rnf/,if;rSwyf w Hk if(3)wGif atmufygtwkid ;f 3 rsK;d 3 pm; cJjG cm;xm;&So d nf-
(u) jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUGJ XmecsKyEf iS hf txufXmersm;rS vma&mufppfaq;onfh t&m&SBd u;D rsm;
ppfaq;csurf w S wf rf;zkid -f 3(u)/
(c) jynfe,f ^wk d i f ; &J w yf z J G U rS L ;rsm;? 'kw, d jynfe,f ^ wdkif;&JwyfzJGUrSL;rsm; ppfaq;csuf
rSww f rf;zkid -f 3(c)/
( * ) NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;ESifh 'kw, d NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL; ppfaq;csuf rSww f rf;zkid -f 3(*)/
&Jpcef;rSL;jzpfap? &Jpcef;rSL;\ ñTeMf um;csut f &jzpfap? ppfaq;csurf sm;wGif yg&So d nfh ñTeMf um;csuf rsm;udk
aESmifah ES;MuefMY umjcif;r&Sad pbJ ppfaq;csu&f Ny;D wpfvtwGi;f wGif tNy;D aqmif&u G í f zdik w f GJ rmwdumwGif
vnf;aumif;? ppfaq;csuv f uf,mbuf tpGe;f uGuw f iG v
f nf;aumif; aqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;aMumif; rSww f rf;
wifxm;&rnf/xko d dYk aqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;aMumif; tpD&ifcpH mudk NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL; ESifh c½dik &f wJ yfzUGJ rSL;rsm;u
oufqdkif&mtxufXmetqihfqifhodkY jyefvnftpD&ifcHpmwifjy&rnf/ &Jpcef;rsm;udk ppfaq;aom
t&m&So d nf yxrOD;pGm txuft&m&Srd sm;ESifh rdru d , kd w f idk pf pfaq;cJah om aemufq;Hk ppfaq;csurf sm;udk
jyefveS Mf unf&h LS í ñTeMf um;csurf sm; aqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;rI tajctae Ny;D pD;rI &S^d r&Su d dk ppfaq;&rnf/ xkt Yd jyif
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
11
oufqdkif&m &Jpcef;rsm;odkY txuftBuD;tuJrsm; vma&muf ppfaq;onfhtcg ñTefMum;csufrsm;udk
csufcsif;a&;oGif;Ekdifa&;twGuf txufygtpDtpOftwdkif; rSwfykHwifpmtkyf 3 tkyfudk oD;jcm;jyKpk
xm;&S&d rnf/(&JpGJ ('k) 1305 )
ppfaq;csut f m; vdu k ef m&rnft h csed uf mv
6/ &Jpcef;ppfaq;csuw f iG f yg&So d nfh ñTeMf um;csurf sm;tm; &Jpcef;odpYk pfaq;csuf rSww f rf; a&muf&NdS y;D
vduk ef maqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;rIukd wpfvtwGi;f jyefvnfwifjy&rnf/(&JpGJ (y) 314 )
&Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;tm; ppfaq;&mwGif atmufazmfjyygtwkid ;f tydik ;f (3)ydik ;f cJjG cm;í ppfaq;&onf-
(u) rIcif;ydik ;f qkid &f m rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;
( c ) e,fxed ;f ydik ;f qkid &f m rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;
( * ) tkycf sKyrf yI ikd ;f qkid &f m rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;
rSwcf su/f rIcif;ESifhywfoufaom rSwfykHwifrsm;teuf &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if (23)ü pkaH xmufr&rI
a&;ydwaf om trIrsm;udk txl;*&kpu dk í
f ppfaq;&rnf/
&Jpcef;vkyif ef;rsm;ESiyfh wfoufí pdwaf useyfrrI &Sad om &Jpcef;rsm;udk txl;*&kpu kd í
f ppfaq;jcif;rsm;
jyKvyk &f rnft h jyif ,if;&Jpcef;rsm;udk wpfEpS v f Qi(f 1)Burd x f ufyí
kd ppfaq; &rnf/(&JpGJ (y) 202 )
&Jpcef;rsm; ppfaq;jcif; tpDtpOf
(u) A[du k if;ppfaq;jcif;?
( c ) tcsKycf ef;ppfaq;jcif;?
( * ) vufeufwu kd f ppfaq;jcif;?
(C) oufaocHypön;f pwdpk pfaq;jcif;?
( i ) ½k;H cef;rsm; ppfaq;jcif;?
( p ) pDrcH surf sm; ppfaq;jcif;?
(q) &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk ifrsm; ppfaq;jcif;?
( Z ) &Jpcef;oma&;ema&; &HyaHk iGvyk if ef;rsm; ppfaq;jcif;?
( p s ) pku d yf sK;d a&;vkyif ef;ppfaq;jcif;?
(n) arG;jrLa&;vkyif ef;ppfaq;jcif;?
( # ) ukex f w k v
f yk if ef;rsm; ppfaq;jcif;?
( X ) pnf;½k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm; ppfaq;jcif;?
( ! ) wyfwiG ;f ukepf q Hk idk f ppfaq;jcif;?
( ¡ ) ysK;d NcpH pfaq;jcif;?
(P) tdraf xmifonf vkid ;f ppfaq;jcif;?
(w) wyfzUGJ 0ifro d m;pkrsm;ESiafh wGUqkjH cif;?
(x) toGio f @mefajymif;vJa&; ñTeMf um;csu(f 1)(2)(3)(4) vku d ef maqmif&u G rf pI pfaq;jcif;?
( ' ) tESpo f m&ajymif;vJw;dk wufa&;ñTeMf um;csu(f 1)(2)(3) vku d ef maqmif&u G rf pI pfaq;jcif;?
( " ) taxGaxGppfaq;jcif; (jjrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUGJ \ 2005 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv 14 &ufaeYxw k f
uefo
Y wf
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12
&Jpcef;rsm; ppfaq;&mwGif tajccHxm;ppfaq;&rnfph mtkyrf S )
&Jpcef;(od)Yk &Juif;wpfcpk pfaq;&mwGif
(u) rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;
( c ) rSww f rf;rsm;
( * ) 0wfpm;wefqmrsm;
(C) tok;H taqmifrsm;
( i ) y&dabm*rsm;
( p ) taqmuftODrsm;
ponfwu Ykd kd ppfaq;&ef vkt d yfovdk 4if;wko Yd nf jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f xm;jcif; &S^d r&S?d aiGaMu;udprö sm;
udv k nf; avYvmrSwo f m;í rSeu f efpmG ok;H pJjG cif; &S^d r&Sd vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;udk rSerf eS u
f efuefvu dk ef mjcif;
&Sd^r&SdwkYdukd ppfaq;&ef vdktyfonf/4if;tjyif ½kH;pmrsm;ESihf trdefYrsm;tay: aqmvsifpGm ta&;,l
aqmif&GufrI &dS^r&Sdudkvnf; ppfaq;&ef vdktyfonf/ppfaq;&ef ydkrdkvkdtyfonfh tcsufrsm;rSm rIcif;
pkpH rf;ppfaq;ykH ppfaq;enf;rsm;? jypfru I sL;vGeo f rl sm;\ owif;pkaqmif;jcif;rsm;? &yf&mG rIcif;wk;d wufjcif;
rsm;? BuKdwifumuG,fa&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;? aus;&GmvlBuD;rsm;ESihfvlxk\vkdvm;jcif;? yl;aygif;
aqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ ( &JpJG (y) 203 )
ppfaq;&efenf;vrf;rsm;
&Jpcef;wpfct k m; tao;pdwpf pfaq;&ef yxrqk;H aqmif&u G &f rnft
h csurf sm;rSm -
(u) taqmuftOD;rsm; tajctaeESiu fh &d,mwefqmyvmrsm; (vufxyd rf sm;? oHajcusi;f
rsm;? aomYcavmufrsm; tygt0if)
( c ) tcsKycf ef; tajctaetm; csKUd ,Gi;f csut f ao;tzJUG rSpí txl;*½kjyK ppfaq;&ef/
( * ) aetdrv f idk ;f cef;rsm; tajctaeESihf 4if;aetdrrf sm;wGif wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm; ae^raeppfaq;&rnf/
(C) wyfzUGJ 0ifwpfO;D pD\ t0wftpm;? vufeufc, J rf;ESifh wefqmyvmrsm;/
( i ) wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;\ emrnfaumif;vufrw S rf sm;/ ( &JpJG (y) 205 )
txufygtcsufrsm;tjyif wyfzJGU0ifi,fom;rsm;ESihf ppfa&;jyjcif;udk ppfaq;&rnfhtjyif
Oya'ynm ESifh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; rnfrQwwfuRrf;em;vnfaMumif; ppfaq;&rnf/e,fxdef;tzJGU
0ifrsm;onf Oya't& odoifo h xd udk of nfrsm;udk od^rodEiS fh 4if;wd\ Yk rSwpf pk mtkyrf sm;udyk g ppfaq;&ef
vdt k yfonf/ ( &JpJG (y) 206 )
xkdYjyif xkwfay;xm;onfh tao;okH;aiG vpmaiG? vpmay;aiG pm&if;? BuKdwifokH; ukefusaiG
ESihfc&D;p&dwfaiGrsm;? ta&;BuD;udpöjzpfí Munfh&Ippfaq;jcif;? vpmaiGrsm; aESmifhaES;MuefYMumrI r&SdbJ
tcsed rf eS &f &Sjd cif; &S^d r&Sd Munh&f I ppfaq;&rnf/ (&JpJG (y) 209 )
tjcm;ppfaq;&efvt kd yfonfu h pd &ö yfrsm;
(u) oufaocHypön;f aowåmtwGi;f &Sd ypön;f rsm;tcsed u f mv rnfrQMumaeaMumif; &Jwyfzf UGJ rS
odrf;qnf;xm;&Sdonfh tajctae? qufvufxm;&Sd&ef cGihfjyKcsuf &Sd^r&Sd ponfwdkYudk
Munf&h I ppfaq;&rnf/
uefo
Y wf
uefoY wf
13
( c ) zrf;qD;xm;aom w&m;cHrsm;tm; tmrcHay;&efupd ?ö vufxyd cf wfjcif;rsm;ESifh auR;arG;
onfh tpm;tpmrsm;udk Munf&h pI pfaq;&rnf/
( * ) aoqk;H aom t&yfbufqikd &f m yifpifpm;rsm;taMumif; tpD&ifcjH cif;/
(C) &Jpcef;wGif wJzG ufxm;&So d nfo h rl sm; wpfO;D pD\ wJzG ufumvrsm;/ ( &JpJG (y) 210 )
rIcif;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufaom rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;ppfaq;&mwGif
(u) pkpH rf;jcif;jiif;y,faomtrIrsm;/
( c ) pkpH rf;í ray:aomtrIrsm;/
( * ) wdik Mf um;jcif; r&Sad omtrIrsm;/ (&JpJG (y) 220 )
&Jpcef;rsm;tm; ppfaq;&ef owfrw S o
f nfth &m&Srd sm;
&Jpcef;rsm;tm; NrKUd e,fwyfzUGJ rSL;? c½dik &f wJ yfzUGJ rSL;? jynfe,f^wkid ;f wyfzUGJ rSL;ESihf jrefrmEkid if &H w
J yfzUGJ
XmecsKyrf S t&m&SBd u;D rsm;rS ppfaq;vdrrYf nf/ (&JpJG (y) 225 )
y,fzsu&f ef tcsed u f mv
(5)ESpt f xufausmv f eG af om trIrsm; y,fzsuEf idk o f nf/ (&JpJG (y) 233 ^ &JpJG ('k) 1330 )
rSwfykHwif (4)
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;pmtkyf
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,ykdif; 1338 rS 1345 xd )

]] t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;}} (tkycf sKyaf &; 7^ &J 36 )ykpH rH mS 1945 ckEpS ?f &JtufOya'yk'rf 55 t&
jyXmef;owfrSwfxm;onfh rSwfykHwifpmtkyfjzpfonfhtjyif jypfrIqkdif&musifhxHk;Oya'yk'fr 155 yg
jyXmef;csufrsm;tvdkYiSm ]]ta&;r,lydkifonfh jypfrIrsm;}}ESihf pyfvsOf;onfh owif;pum;tusOf;csKyfudk
a&;rSwf&rnfhpmtkyftjzpf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftpkd;&u jyXmef;owfrSwfxm;onfh pmtkyf
vnf;jzpfonf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1338 )
]]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;}}}rSm &Jpcef;ESi&fh u J if;rsm;wGif vkyu f idk af qmif&uG o
f nfh t&yf&yf0wå&m;
rsm;ESifh &&So d nfoh wif;pum;wkid Mf um;csurf sm;udk tcdset f pDtpOfa&;rSwx f m;onfh rSww f rf;jzpfonf/
þuJo Y Ykd a&;rSwx f m;onfh rSww f rf;jzpfonft h avsmuf 4if;pmtkyüf a&;rSww f ifoiG ;f xm;csuu f dk rsm;pGm
owdjyKí rSeu f efpmG a&;rSw&f efrmS txl;vdt k yfaom tcsujf zpfayonf/]]t&yf&yfaeYpOf rSww f rf;}}udk
aeYpOfeeH uf 6 em&Dtcsed w f iG yf w f topfziG &fh rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1339)
d í
]]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;pmtky}f }wGif trSwpf Ofxnfw h yfNy;D pmrsuEf mS toD;oD;udk wpfcsypf jD cm;í
twGif;bufrS qkwfjzwf&ef taygufi,frsm;azmufxm;aomrl&if;ESihf rl&if;cJGygonfh trSwfpOfwl
pmrsufESm 100 yg&Sad vonf/a&;oGi;f csurf sm;udk cJwEH iS afh &;oGi;f &rnf/ 4if;a&;oGi;f csuf vufcrH sm;udk
rifcpH uúLcHí a&;om;jcif;tm;jzihf &Ekid o f nf/a&;oGi;f csut f oD;oD;udk a&;om;aomolu vufrw S af &;xk;d
&rnf/od&Yk mwGif a&;oGi;f csuf wpfpw Hk pf&mudk tjcm;t&m&Sd wpfO;D wpfa,muf\ trdet Yf &a&;om;&vQif
uefo
Y wf
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14
a&;om;&eftrdefYay;onfht&m&Sduvnf; vufrSwfa&;xkd;&rnf/ t&yf&yfa&;oGif;csufrsm;udk
wwfEkdifoavmuf&Jpcef;rSL;u udk,fwdkifa&;oGif;&rnf/wpfaeYtwGuf ukefqkH;apYa&mufaomtcg
t&yf&yfa&;oGif;csufrsm;udk Munhf&IrSwfom;NyD;aMumif;udk &Jpcef;rSL; odkYr[kwf &Juif;rSL;u tusOf;
a&;om;í oufaocHvufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/ rifcpH uúLjzihf ul;aom vufcpH mrsm;udk pmtkyrf jS zwf,í l
pmtdwfwpfckwGifxnfhNyD;aemuf NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;xH aeYpOfwifjy&rnf/ aeYpOfrSwfwrf;udk NrKdUe,f
&JwyfzUGJ rSL;onf vkt d yfovdk zwf&LS ppfaq;Muyfrwf&rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1340)
trIwikd Mf um;csurf sm;,ljcif; ypön;f rsm;udk ud, k wf idk pf pfaq;jcif;? vpOfvqef; 1 &ufaeYEiS fh 16
&ufaeYrsm;wGit f 0wftpm;rsm;udk ppfaq;Munh&f jI cif;? tcsKycf ef;udk aeYpOfppfaq;Munf&h jI cif; aiGxm;&m
wdu k cf ef;rsm;udk aeYpOfppfaq;jcif;paom ta&;Bu;D onft h aMumif;tcsurf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh t&yf&yf
rSwo f m;csuu f kd vG,v f ifw
h ul awGUjrifEidk af tmif tem;uGuv f yfwiG f Muufajccwf í rSwo f m;xm;&rnf/
]]ta&;,lyidk o f nft h rIrsm;}};}}udk wkid Mf um;onft h cg ]]wdkifcsuf}} trSwEf iS fh qkid &f m yk'rf rsm;udk tem;uGuv f yf
wGif a&;om;&rnf/ ]]ta&;r,lydkifonfhjypfrIrsm;}} sm;}}udk wkid Mf um;aomtcg oufqidk &f myk'rf rsm;udk tem;
uGuv f yfwiG af &;om;&rnf/þuJo Y Ykd a&;rSwx f m;jcif;rSm txuft&m&Sw d u Ykd rSwo f m;NrJ rSwo f m;csuf
tm;vk;H udk rMunf&h LS bJ omrefMunf&h LS umrQEiS hf rnfonf&h pJ cef; odrYk [kwf &Juif;wpfpw Hk pf&mwGif rnfonfh
taMumif;rsKd;jzpfyGm;vsuf&SdaMumif;udk vG,fvifhwulodEkdifonf/ &Jpcef;rSL; odkYr[kwf &Juif;rSL;onf
&mxl;tavsmuf aqmif&Gufoihfaom trIwpfpkHwpf&mudk aqmif&GufonfhtaMumif;udk? 4if;aeYpOf
rSww f rf;wGif ra&;roGi;f odrYk [kwf rSeu f efpmG a&;oGi;f jcif; rjyK odrYk [kwf jzpfysucf ahJ om taMumif;t&m
wpfpw Hk pfcu k kd ra&;oGi;f bJ wrifcsev f yS af Mumif; xif&mS ;vQif 4if;t&m&Su d kd jrefrmEkid if &H w
J yfzUGJ ? &Jpnf;urf;
xde;f odr;f a&;Oya't& ta&;,l&rnf/ ta&;Bu;D onfh taMumif;t&m wpfpw Hk pf&mjzpfymG ;jcif;r&Sí d
odrYk [kwf wkid Mf um;ajymqdjk cif;r&Sv d Qif þuJo Y Ykd r&So
d nft h aMumif;udk aeYpOfrw S w
f rf;wGif wpfaeYtwGuf
tNy;D owfonft h cga&;rSw&f rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1341)
NrKdU&GmNidrf0yfydjym;jcif;qkdif&m t&yf&yfESihf oufqkdifonfhowif;pum;rsm;udk axmufvSrf;í
owif;ay;ydYkjcif;rSm &JwyfzJGU0ifwdkY aqmif&Guf&onfht"du tvkyf0wå&m;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ þuJYodkY
vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G &f mü &Jpcef;rSL; odrYk [kwf &Juif;rSL;onf rnfrQ tm;BuK;d rmefwufaqmif&u G o
f nf
udk 4if;wkaYd &;om;onfh aeYpOfrw S w f rf;rsm;udk Munf&h jI cif;tm;jzihf odomEkid o f nf/ xl;jcm;jzpfpOfrsm;udk
]]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;}}wGif a&;oGi;f &rnfjh yif 4if;taMumif;t&mrsm;udk txuft&m&Sx d H csucf si;f
tcsed Ef iS w fh pfajy;nD tpD&ifcpH mwifjy&rnf/(&Jp'JG k - 1342)
aeYpOfa&S;OD;pGm a&;rSww f ifoiG ;f &eftcsurf mS oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;ESifh &Juif;wk\ Yd cGijhf yKtiftm;
yd^k vdt k iftm; tvkyw f m0ef csxm;jcif;rsm; wm0efysuu f uG jf cif;rsm;udk a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/ rSwyf w Hk if
(4-u)wGif &JwyfzUGJ 0ifwYkd aqmif&u G &f rnft h vky0f wå&m;rsm;udk tus,w f 0ifh azmfjy&rnf/ (1343)
toHk;jyKNyD;aom t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;pmtkyfudk tpOfeHygwfrsm;wyfí pmtkyfrsufESmzHk;wGif
yxrpzGifhaomaeYpGJESifhaemufqHk;a&;ydwfaom aeYpGJrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjyxm;&rnf/ t&yf&yfaeYpOf
rSwfwrf;pmtkyfwGif a&;oGif;csufwdkif;cJvufcHaumfyDESifh rifcHaumfyD(2)ckpvHk;wGif rSifeDacgif;pOfrsm;
uefo
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15
a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/toH;k jyKaomyHpk rH mS tkycf sKyf a&;-7^ &J-36 jzpfonf/
&Jpcef;uif;tzJUG xm;&Sad om &Jpcef;rsm;wGif atmufyg aeYpOfuif;wm0efcsxm;rIZ,m;udk ]] t&yf
&yfaeYpOfrw
S w
f rf;}}wGif a&;om;azmfjy&rnf-
aeYpOfwm0efcsxm;rIZ,m;
----------------------&Jpcef;? uif;rSL; ---------------------- ? aeYpGJ ----------------------
uif;rSL;vufrw
uif;rSL;vufrw
S f
uif;rSL;vufrw
S f
uif;rSL;vufrw
S f
S f
uif;om;rsm;
tcsed ?f em&D
tcsed ?f em&D
tcsed ?f em&D
tcsed ?f em&D
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
armifjzL
armifeD
armif0g
rSwcf su/f (u)uif;om;rsm;udEk pS af ,mufwí GJ a&SUuif;aemufuif;wm0efcsxm;&rnf/

(c)uif;rSL;onf uif;om;vJv, S o f nfth cgwkid ;f uif;Z,m;wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d &
rnf/
atmufygpm&if;onf t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;wGif rSwfom;&ef tcsKdUaom tcsufBuD;rsm;om
jzpfonf/ 4if;taMumif;tcsufrsm;udk usOf;EkdiforQusOf;í aumif;pGmem;vnfvG,frnfhenf;vrf;ESihf
a&;om;xm;&rnf-
(u) eHeufESihfnaeppfa&;jyorIrsm; jyKvkyfvQif jyoonfhtcsdefESihf yg0ifonfhtcsdef yg0if
onfOh ;D a&/
( c ) e,fxed ;f wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;\ tpD&ifccH sut f wkcd sKyt
f pD&ifccH surf sm;udk qkid &f m&Jpcef;rsm;odYk
e,fxed ;f wyfzUGJ 0ifwpfO;D OD;u a&mufvQiaf &mufcsi;f azmfjy&rnf/
( * ) ta&;r,lyikd o f nfjh ypfrrI sm; jzpfpOftusO;f csKyEf iS fh owif;ay;wkid w f ef;ol\ trnf? ae&yf?
vdypf mESitfh vkyt f udik rf sm;/
(C) &Jta&;ydik o f nfh jypfrrI sm;wkid Mf um;csut f & w&m;cHrsm;udk zrf;qD;jcif; okrYd [kwf vTwjf cif;
vufeufud&d,mrsm;udk odrf;qnf;jcif;rSpí oufqkdif&m&Jpcef; okdYr[kwf &Juif;wGif
oufaorsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;rsm;/
( i ) tBu;D tus,rf ;D oifah vmifjcif;? a&Bu;D jcif;? avjyif;rkew f idk ;f usa&mufjcif;rsm;? rD;&xm;
odkYr[kwf tjcm;a&Smifwcifta&;BuD;onfhjypfrIrsm; jzpfyGm;jcif;rsm;ESihf ywfoufonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;/
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
16
( p ) &Jpcef; odkYr[kwf &Juif;pcef;e,fajrtwGif; vlpkvla0;jzifh wef;pDvSnfhvnfjcif;rsm;
pk&;Hk jcif;rsm;/
(q) tjcm;&Jpcef;rS &JwyfzUGJ 0ifrsm; vma&mufjcif;ESifh 4if;wdaYk y;onfh owif;pum;rsm;/
( Z ) tjcm;&Jpcef;rS tcsKyw f &m;cHrsm; axmifustusO;f om;rsm;a&muf&jdS cif;ESifh rdr&d pJ cef; rS
tjcm;t&yfoyYkd aYkd qmifjcif;rsm;/
( p s ) aiGaMu;rsm;udk xkwaf y;jcif;? vufcjH cif; odrYk [kwf tjcm;t&yfa'ookYd ydaYk qmif jcif;rsm;/
(n) &Jpcef; odkYr[kwf &Juif;BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfrIudk vJTajymif;jcif;ESihf vufcHjcif;jyKvkyfvQif
vTtJ yfrnfo h El iS fh vufcrH nfo h t
l &m&SEd pS Of ;D pvk;H vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
( # ) cGiEfh iS jfh zpfap? tvky0f wå&m;aqmif&u G &f efjzpfap? &JwyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;? &Jpcef;rS xGucf mG jcif;
ESifh &Jpcef;odYk a&muf&jdS cif;rsm;/
( X ) wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;?ajymif;a&TUxGucf mG jcif;rsm;? ajymif;a&TUa&muf&jdS cif;rsm;/
( ! ) vufatmufwyfzJGU0ifrsm; tusihfazmufjyefjcif; odkYr[kwf csD;rGrf;xkdufavmufatmif
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk xl;cRepf mG xrf;aqmifjcif;/
( ¡ ) aeYpOftcsKycf ef;udk Munf&h pI pfaq;jcif;/
(P) aiGwu dk uf kd aeYpOfMunf&h pI pfaq;jcif;rsm;/
(w) &Jpcef;rsm;wGif ntvky0f wå&m;rsm; wm0efcsxm;onfh &Jt&m&Sd trnfrsm;udk azmfjyjcif;/
(x) vpOf vqef; 1 &ufaeYESihf 16 &ufaeYrsm;wGif vufeufrsm;?cJ,rf;ud&d,mrsm;?
t0wfwefqmrsm;ESifh &Jpcef;&Sd xkwaf y;aomypön;f rsm;udk Munh&f pI pfaq;jcif;/
( ' ) wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;aq;&ko H Ykd wufjcif;ESifh aq;&krH S qif;jcif;rsm;/
( " ) &JvufpJG? 'kwd,wJGtydk'f (1686)t& oufaorsm;tm; p&dwfay;jcif;ESihf aus;&Gm
e,fajrrsm;rS jynfolrsm;u tcsKyfw&m;cHrsm;udk MuyfrwfydkYaqmifay;onfhtwGuf
p&dwaf y;jcif;/
w&m;½k;H onf ]]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;}}udk Oya't& qifq h akd wmif;,lonft h cg wifjy&rnf (&Jtuf
Oya'yk'fr-55)/ &Jpma&;rSm aESmifhaES;MuefYMumjcif;r&SdapbJ pmtkyfopfwpftkyfxkwfay;Ekdif&ef
]]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;}}pmtkyrf ukerf D tenf;qk;H wpfvBuKw d ifí awmif;cH&efowdjyKMu&rnf/
(&Jp'JG k - 1345)
owdjyK&ef
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;wGif a&;oGi;f csurf sm;ukd rdru d ,dk wf idk af &;oGi;f vufrw S x
f ;dk &rnf/tjcm;ol
wpfO;D wpfa,mufuadk pckid ;f í a&;oGi;f apjcif;ukd a&SmifMuOf&rnf/t&m&S\ d trdet Yf & a&;oGi;f jcif;jyKvQif
trdeaYf omt&m&Srd S vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;a&;ydwjf cif;
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;a&;ydwfaomtcg a&;oGif;csuftm;vkH;ukd zwf&Ippfaq;NyD;aMumif;
pcef;rSL;rS oufaocHvufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/(&Jp'JG k - 1340) pcef;rSL;ESi&hf u J if;rSL;wko
Yd nf waeYwmukeq f ;Hk í
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
17
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;tm; a&;ydwfaomtcg &Jpcef;? &Juif;e,fajrwGif ta&;BuD;aom jzpfyGm;rI
taMumif; wpfpw Hk pf&mr&Sad Mumif; okrYd [kwf wkid Mf um;jcif; r&Sad Mumif; a&;om;az:jy&rnf/(&JpGJ'k-1341)
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w
f rf;pmtkyu f dk aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f Ny;D onfah eY&ufrS (2)ESpjf ynfo
h nft
h csed w
f iG f
zsuq f nf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1330)
f ;D Ekid o
rSwfykHwif (4) (u)

tvkyf0wå&m; cJGa0jcif; rSwfwrf;pmtkyf
(&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tykd'f 1346 )
&Jpcef;wpfcw k iG f þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf surf mS &Jpcef;rSL;u &Jpcef;&Sd vufatmuf
wyfzJGU0ifrsm;tm; tvkyfwm0ef0wå&m;rsm; pepfwuscJGa0csxm;&efvnf;aumif;? xkdodkY wm0efcJG
a0csxm;onfhtcsufrsm;tm; tusOf;csKyfrSwfwrf;wifxm;&SdEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? wm0efcs
xm;rIrsm;tay: ppfaq;olrsm;u &Jpcef;wGif tvky0f wå&m;rsm; cJaG 0csxm;jcif;rSm rQwrI &S^d r&Sd tvG,f
wulppfaq;Ekid &f efvnf;aumif;jzpfonf/&Jpcef;rsm;ESihf &Juif;rsm;wGif owfrw S f xm;aom trnfpm&if;
udk &mxl;tqihftwef;tavsmuf (tkyfcsKyfa&; - 8 1 )ykHpHwGif xnfhoGif;&rnf/ þtvkyf0wå&m;
cJaG 0jcif;rSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkyu f kd ]]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;}}pmtkyt f ydik ;f wpfcu k o
YJ Ykd rSw, f Nl y;D Z,m;uGuw f idk ;f \
atmufajcwGif a&;oGif;olt&m&Sdu vufrSwfa&;xkd;&rnf/4if;rSwfykHwif pmtkyfudk a&;om;&mwGif
atmufygenf;vrf;rsm;twkid ;f vku d ef ma&;oGi;f &rnf-
(u) tqihcf jGJ cm;í a&;oGi;f enf;/ &Jpcef;t&m&SdrS wyfMuyfBuD;tqihfxd oD;jcm;
pmrsuEf mS wGif &mxl;tpOftvdu k af &;oGi;f Ny;D wyfMuyftqihrf S wyfom;tqihx f d oD;jcm;
pmrsuEf mS wGif &mxl;tqift h vdu k wf yfzUGJ 0ifrsm;\ ud, k yf ikd t
f rSwEf iS hf ,SOw f íGJ a&;oGi;f
&rnf/
( c ) a&;oGi;f ykeH nf;vrf;rsm;/ tvky0f wå&m;cJaG 0jcif;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd atmufygenf;
vrf;rsm;t& a&;oGi;f &rnf-
(1) wyfzJGU0ift&m&S d r sm; ES i hf tjcm;tqihfwyfzJGU0ifwpfOD;vQif rsOf;aMumif; (2)
aMumif; xm;&S&d rnf/txufrsO;f aMumif;wGif eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dxd
(aeY)tvky0f wå&m;rsm;udk azmfjyonf/atmufrsO;f aMumif;wGif nae (6) em&DrS
eHeuf (6) em&Dxd (n)tvky0f wå&m;rsm;udk azmfjy&rnf/
(2) wyfMuyfBu;D pma&;onf eHeufEiS n fh aewef;pDtrnfpm&if;ac:&mESifh tvky0f wå&m;
rsm; cJaG 0csxm;&mwGif þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd Munf&h LS í aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(3) atmufazmfjyyg tyk'd f (9)wGif tu©&mrsm;ESiafh zmfjyxm;&So d nfh oD;oeft Y vkyf
0wå&m;rsm;udk aqmif&u G af eonfhtcgrSwpfyg; wyfzUGJ 0ifwpfO;D wpfa,muftm;
trnfpm&if;ac:onfhtcg &Jpcef;ESihf&Juif;wGif &SdaeaMumif;udk þuJYokdY (Â)
azmfjyxm;&rnf/
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
18
(4) cGijhf yKcsuwf pfpw Hk pf&mr&Sb d J trnfpm&if;ac:&mwGif ysuu f u G v f Qif ]]r]r
]r}}[kazmfjy
a&;om;&rnf/
(5) wyfzUGJ 0ifwpfa,mufonf ruse;f rmaomaMumifh aq;&kw H iG f twGi;f vlemtjzpf
wufa&mufuo k cHae&ygu ]]q q }}[k azmfjy&rnf/
(6) wyfzUGJ 0ifwpfa,mufonf omrefruse;f rmí rdrad etdrw f iG f em;ae&Ny;D wef;pD
rvmEkid yf gu ]]ee }}[kazmfjy&rnf/
(7) omrefa&SmifwcifcGihf cHpm;aeaomaMumihf wef;pD&modkY vma&mufjcif; rjyK
Ekid yf gu]]cc }}[k a&;om;azmfjy&rnfjzpfNy;D vkyo f ufciG cfh pH m;aeolwt Ykd m; trnf
pm&if;ac:&mwGif aeYpOfrw S o f m;jcif;rjyKbJ ]]tcGihf}} [k azmfjy&rnf/
(8) wyfzUGJ 0ifwpfO;D onf tvkyw f m0efaqmif&u G af e&í wef;pDtrnfpm&if; ac:&m
okYd rvma&mufEidk af omtcg atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjy&rnf-
(uu) 4if;wyfzUGJ 0ifonf wm0ef0wå&m;aqmif&u G &f eftwGuf &Jpcef;rS xGucf mG
oGm;cJv h Qif yxrtrnf pm&if;ac:&m rsO;f aMumif;ay:ü 4if;wyfzUGJ 0if
&Jpcef;rS wm0efjzihf xGucf mG oGm;aMumif; ]]t&yf t&yf&yf aeYpOfrSwfwrf;}}wGif
a&;om;xm;&So d nfh trSwpf Ofukd a&;om;azmfjy &rnf/
( c c ) &Jpcef;jyifyokYd vkyif ef;wm0efjzihf xGucf mG oGm;aom wyfzUGJ 0ifonf &Jpcef;
odYk jyefvnfa&muf&í dS wef;pD trnfpm&if;ac:&mwGif wufa&muf&ef
jyefvnf a&muf&adS Mumif;udk ]]t&yf t&yf&yfaeYpOf rSwfwrf;}}wGif a&;om;
azmfjyxm;&So d nfh trSwpf Ofukd a&;om; azmfjyxm;&rnf/
(9) wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;tm; wef;pDtrnfpm&if;ac:&mwGif wm0efcaGJ 0csxm;aom tvkyf
0wå&m;trsK;d rsK;d twGuf atmufazmfjyyg tu©&mrsm;ukd a&;om; azmfjy&rnf/
4if;tu©&mrsm;udk ( Â )trSwt f om;twGuf tpm;xk;d a&;om; azmfjy&rnf-
(uu) ]]v}}vkNH cKaH &;qdik &f m tvky0f wå&m;rsm;/ þtvkyf0wå&m;rsm;
wGif vrf;aMumif;vkHNcKHa&;rsm; ? rD;&xm;blwm&kHrsm;½kH;wGif; Muyfrwf
apmihaf &Smufjcif;rsm; w&m;½k;H wGif w&m;cHvNHk cKaH &;ESifh w&m;cGif vkNH cKaH &;
twGuf tapmihfta&Smufcsxm;jcif; yJGvrf;obif ESihf yJGawmfrsm;wGif
vkNH cKaH &;tapmift h a&Smufcsxm;jcif;ESifh tvm;wl ae&mrsm;wGif tapmihf
ta&Smuf tvky0f wå&m;rsm;udk þ ]]v v}}tu©&mjzihf a&;om; azmfjy&rnf/
(cc) ]]*}}tapmihv f NHk cKaH &;0wå&m;rsm;/ &Jpcef;A[kduif; uif;rSL;wm0ef
okrYd [kwf uif;om;wm0ef0wå&m;aqmif&u G &f onfh tvky0f wå&m;rsm;udk
azmfjyonf/ tcsKyfom; odkYr[kwf tpkd;& b@maiGaMu;rsm; ydkYaqmif
&mwGif vkNH cKaH &;wm0efaqmif&u G of nfh wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;udv k nf; þtu©&m
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
19
jzihf azmfjyonfhtjyif tcsKyfom;rsm; rusef;rmjzpfí aq;½kHwGif
twGif;vlemtjzpf wufa&mufuko ae&ygu tcsKyfw&m;cHvkHNcKHa&;
twGuf wm0efcsxm;jcif;udkvnf; þtu©&mjzihf azmfjyonf/
(**) ]]n}}tcsed t f vky0f wå&m;rsm;/ &Jpcef;e,fajr vkNH cKaH &; w&m;Oya'
pkd;rkd;a&;ESihf&yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;twGuf ajcvsifvSnfhuif;?
pufb;D vSnu hf if; ? armfawmf,mOfvn S uhf if;? a&,mOfvn S u hf if; &SmazGp;D
eif;jcif;ESihf ywfoufí wm0efcsxm;aqmif&Gufol wyfzJGU0ifrsm;tm;
þtu©&mjzifh azmfjyonf/
(10) vpOfvukefaomtcg txufazmfjyygtydk'f (9)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tvkyf
0wå&m;rsm;pkpak ygif;udk ykpH w H iG f yg&Sod nfh Z,m;tuGut f rSwf ]]44}} ]]55}}ESifh ]]66}}wGif
azmfjyí wyfzUGJ 0if wpfO;D onf rdr&d pJ cef;wnf&&dS m NrKUd rSwpfyg; tjcm;NrKUd rsm;wGif
tdyaf omnaygif;udk Z,m;uGut f rSwf ]]77}}wGif azmfjy&rnf/Z,m;tuGuf ]]77}}\
w }}tu©&monf awmoGm;onf&h ufukd azmfjyonf/
acgif;pOf]]w
(11) aeYpOfwpfaeYwm wm0efukefqkH;aomtcg ntcsdef &Jpcef;e,fajrvkHNcKHa&;
w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;ESihf &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;twGuf vSnfhuif;wm0ef
cscahJ om wyfzUGJ 0ifw\ Ydk pkpak ygif;OD;a&udk pmrsuEf mS atmufwiG f oD;jcm;azmfjy
&rnf/
(12) þtvkyf0wå&m;cJGa0jcif;rSwfykHwifpmtkyfudk Munfh&SLjcif;tm;jzihf &Jpcef;tm;
vma&mufppfaq;aom txuft&m&Sw d oYdk nf &Jpcef;wGi&f adS om wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;
tm; wpfvtwGi;f rnfonfeh nf;vrf;rsm;jzihf vkyif ef;wm0efrsm; csxm;aMumif;
udk tvG,w f ul od&EdS idk o
f nf/xkt Yd jyif tvkyw f m0ef0wå&m; rsm;udk w&m;ojzihf
rQrQww rSerf eS uf efuefcaGJ 0í aqmif&u G af pjcif; &S^d r&Su
d dk vnf; ppfaq;Munfh
Ekid o
f nf/
þrSwyf w
kH iftm; xde;f odr;f &rnfh tcsed uf mv
þrSwyf wkH ifpmtkyf ukeqf ;kH onftxd a&;om;Ny;D onfah eY&ufrpS í(1)ESpjf ynhyf gu zsuq f ;D ypfEikd f
onf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
20
rSwfykHwif (5)
0&rf;rygbJzrf;qD;&rdolwdkY rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
(&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1352 )
&Jpcef;wpfcw k iG f þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf surf mS -
jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUGJ 0ifrsm;onf &mZ0wfjypfrrI sm; pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G &f mwGif
vku d ef m&eftwGuf enf;Oya'rsm;udk jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'wGif azmfjyxm;onf/xku Yd oYJ Ykd &mZ0wf
jypfrrI sm;tm; pkpH rf;ppfaq;&mwGif jypfrt I m; ud, k w
f idk yf g0ifusL;vGeo f rl sm; tm;ay;ulno D rl sm;ESifh jypfrI
usL;vGe&f mwGif yg0ifonf[k ouFmruif;zG,&f m&Sad omolrsm;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvyk f aqmif&u G f
&ygonf/
xku Yd o YJ Ykd zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;ESiyfh wfoufí aqmif&u G Ef idk &f ef jypfrq I idk &f m usix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 54? 55?
57 (1)? 151 ESihf 401 (3)wkjYd zihf zrf;qD;ydik cf iG rfh sm;jzihf vkyyf ikd cf iG hf jyKxm;ygonf/ jypfrq I ikd &f m usix fh ;Hk
Oya'yk'rf 59 t& &JwyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;rSví GJ omrefvyk o f m;jynfol t&yfom;rsm;uvnf; &Jta&;,lyikd í f
tmrcHay;Ekdifaom jypfrIwpfckckudk rdrdrsufarSmufwGif usL;vGefolwpfOD;wpfa,muf udkjzpfap? jypfrI
usL;vGeNf y;D xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&SmifaeoljzpfaMumif; aMumfjimjcif;cH&ol(0&rf;ajy;)wpfO;D wpfa,mufujkd zpfap?
zrf;qD;Ekid Nf y;D xko d zYkd rf;qD;Ny;D aemuf MuefMY umjcif;r&Sad pbJ jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;xH tyfE&HS rnf/(odrYk [kw)f
teD;qk;H &Jpcef;odYk tcsKyEf iS fh ydt Yk yf&rnfjzpf&m? txufazmfjyyg vkyyf ikd cf iG rfh sm; t& 0&rf;rygbJ zrf;qD;aom
w&m;cH[o l rQ wku Yd kd þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f pepfwus a&;oGi;f &ef jzpfonf/
tok;H jyKaomykpH H
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m; (jypfrI - 9^ &J - 33)ykpH pH mtkyjf zihf a&;oGi;f &onf/
xkdokdY 0&rf;rygbJ zrf;qD;NyD;aemuf þrSwfykHwifwGif a&;oGif;í oufqkdif&m &mZ0wfw&m;
olBuD;xH tpD&ifcH&onf? þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfa&;oGif;í rl&if;udk tqkdyg&mZ0wf w&m;olBuD;xH
tpD&ifcHjcif;onf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcJhjcif;r&SdaMumif; jypfrI
qkid &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 62 udk vku d ef mí aqmif&u G jf cif;yifjzpfonf/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtky\ f ykpH u H kd rl&if;ESiv fh ufcpH m&Guw f t
Ydk m; wpfBurd w f nf;a&;Ekid &f ef (2)ydik ;f cJí G
ykHESdyfxm;NyD; tv,fA[kdrS tyfaygufazmufxm;ojzihf rifcHpuúLcHí ykHpHwGifyg&Sdonfh Z,m;uGuf
acgif;pOfrsm;twkid ;f tvG,w f ul a&;oGi;f Ekid o f nf/
owdjyK&efrSm þykHpHwGif jypfrIusL;vGefolukd &JrS zrf;qD;onf(odkY)jynfolvlxk zrf;qD;onfudk
aeY&uf? tcsed ef m&D? ae&mESiw hf uG oD;jcm;azmfjy&rnf? ykpH w H iG f zrf;qD;cH&olw&m;cHZ,m;ü w&m;cH\
trnfEiS , hf OS w f í GJ ESppf rSay;aom trSwpf Oftwdik ;f azmfjy&Ny;D ? ESpu f ek q f ;Hk í ESpcf sKypf m&if; aumuf,l
aomtcg aemufqkH;trSwfpOfudk rSwf,ljcif;jzihf pkkpkaygif;zrf;qD;onfh w&m;cHOD;a&udk tvG,fwul
od&EdS idk o
f nf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
21
þrSwyf w Hk ifypHk pH m&Gu\
f atmufq;Hk wGif zrf;qD;jcif;ESiyfh wfoufí tjcm;qufpyfa&;oGi;f &aom
rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf tñTe;f rsm;ESiw fh &m;cHukd zrf;qD;Ny;D aemuf tmrcHEiS v fh w T o
f nfh taMumif; t&mrsm;udk
a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/
zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;ESiyfh wfoufí &JwyfzUGJ onf jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 61 t& 24 em&Dxuf
ydrk ckd sKyx f m;cGirhf &Sad Mumif; wm;jrpfxm;Ny;D qufvufí zrf;qD;csKyx f m;&ef vkt d yfygu pcef;rSL;u jzpfap?
trIpkHprf;ppfaq;olujzpfap? jypfrIqkdif&musihfxkH;Oya'yk'fr 167 udk vkdufemí qdkif&m &mZ0wf
w&m;olBu;D xH csKyrf ed (Yf &Dref)avQmufvmT ykpH H (jypfrI 14^&mZ0wf 32)ESit fh wl trIaeYpOf rSww f rf;rsm;udyk g
yl;wJGí csKyfrdefYawmif;cHonfh tcsKyfw&m;cHudkyg twlay;ydkY avQmufxm;awmif;cH&ygonf/ &mZ0wf
w&m;olBu;D ykpH (H &mZ0wf-71)ykpH jH zihf (15)&ufxufrydak om csKyrf ed (Yf &Dref) csrw S af y;Ekid yf gonf/(&JvufpGJ
1353? 1741)? axmuf(7)ESpfESihf (7)ESpftxuf csrSwfEkdifaom jypfrI usL;vGefolw&m;cHrsm;tm;
&ufaygif;(30)txd &mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D u wpfBurd v f Qif (15)&uf rydak om csKyrf ed Yf (&Dref)ay;Ekid o f nf/
(&mZ0wfjyifqifcsuf tufOya'trSwf 56^57) w&m;½kH;odkY pJGwifydkYaom trIrsm;wGif w&m;cHtm;
tmrcHray;vQif trIudk ppfaq;pD&ifaeonfhumvtwGif; &mZ0wf w&m;olBuD;u jypfrIqkdif&m
usix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 344 t& ykpH H (&mZ0wf 72 )jzihf wpfBurd v f Qif (15)&uf rydak om csKyrf ed Yf (&Dref)udk
tuefYtowfr&Sd vkdtyfovdk ay;Ekdifygonf/ &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;\ csKyfrdefY(&Dref)jzihf zrf;qD;csKyf
xm;aom tcsKyw f &m;cHrsm;tm; jypfru I sL;vGeaf Mumif; xif&mS ;ay:vGif jcif;r&Sv d Qif csKyrf ed (Yf &Dref) &uf
rukeq f ;Hk rD tcsKyrf S vTwcf iG &fh ygonf/þuJo Y Ykd vTwcf &hJ onfh taMumif;udk rlvcsKyrf ed (Yf &Dref)xkwaf y;onfh
&mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D xH jyefvnf wifjytpD&if cH&rnf/(&Jp'JG k - 1348)
zrf;qD;&rdow l tYkd m; csKyaf ESmifxm;jcif;
zrf;qD;jcif;taMumif;jzpfaom jypfrrI mS tmrcHay;cGi&fh onfh jypfrjI zpfvQif zrf;qD;jcif;cH&olu
tmrcHESihfvTwfygrnfhtaMumif;ESihf csufcsif;awmif;qkdcGifh&onf/ ao'Pfjzpfap? wpfoufwpfuRef;
'Pfjzpfap?pD&ifxu dk of nfh jypfrrI sK;d r[kwo f nfh tjcm;tmrcHay;cGirfh &aom jypfrrI sm;wGif &Jpcef;rSL;u
oifhavsmfonfh[k xifjrifaomtrIrsm;udk tmrcHESihfvTwfcGihf&Sdonf/zrf;qD;ol&Jt&m&Sdu tmrcHudk
vufcEH idk cf iG t fh mPmr&vQif w&m;cHukd teD;qk;H t&yf&dS &Jpcef;odYk csucf si;f ,laqmif&rnf/(jypfrI qdik &f m
usix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 60 ESifh 469 ) (&JpGJ 1354)
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnft h csed u f mv
tvky0f w¬&m;cGaJ 0jcif;rSww f rf;pmtkyu f dk aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f Ny;D onfah eY&ufrS (2)ESpjf ynfo h nfh
tcsed w f iG f zsuq f ;D Ekid of nf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1330)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
22
rSwfykHwif (6)
tcsKyfaxmifrSwfykHwifpmtkyf
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1372 )
þrSwyf wHk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf su-f
þrSwyf wHk ifxm;&S&d jcif;rSm-
(1) tcsKycf ef;wGif w&m;cHrsm;udk vufccH sKyx f m;jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;?
(2) tcsKyfcef;wGif zrf;qD;csKyx f m;aomw&m;cH r sm; jyefvnfxu G cf mG oGm;jcif;wdu
Yk kd aomf
vnf;aumif;?
(3) tcsKycf ef;wGif zrf;qD;csKyx f m;pOf tcsed u
f mvtwGi;f xrif;auR;onfjzpfap? rauR;onf
jzpfap rSwo f m;xm;&SEd idk &f ef jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
tok;H jyKaom ykpH rH mS jypfrI 42 &J 63 ykpH jH zpfygonf/4if;pm&if;pmtkyw f iG f Z,m;tuGu(f 16)uGuf
yg&So
d nf/
Z,m;uGuf (1) trSwpf Of
(2) w&m;cHtrnf
(3) tbtrnf
(4) &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if(5)\trSwpf OfEiS yhf xrowif;ay;trSwf
(5) usL;vGeaf omjypfrI
Z,m;tuGuf (6) zrf;qD;aomaeY&uf
(7) zrf;qD;aomtcsed ef m&D
(8) tcsKycf ef;odYk a&muf&o dS nfah eY&uf
(9) tcsKycf ef;odYk a&muf&o dS nft h csed ef m&D
(10) tcsKyw f &m;cHtm; tcsKycf ef;rS ac:oGm;onfah e&uf
(11) tcsKyw f &m;cHtm; tcsKycf ef;rS ac:aqmifomG ;onfh tcsed ef m&D
(12) rnfoYkd tNy;D owfaqmif&u G cf ahJ Mumif; (tcsKyaf xmifrS xGucf mG oGm;onfukd qdk
vkdonf/)
(13) wpfvtwGi;f auR;arG;&onfh xrif;eyfa&aygif;
(14) aemufq;Hk &Dref&uf
(15) &Drefuek q f ;Hk aom aeY
(16) taMumif;t&m
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
23
tcsKywf &m;cHonf &Jpcef;tcsKyw f iG f &Sad eonfh umvtwGi;f tcsKyw f &m;cHrsm;udk a&TUajymif;
oGm;vmjcif; taMumif;t&mrsm;udk rSwo f m;xm;&eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f t
kd ok;H rjyK&? xku
d o
YJ Ykd
a&TUajymif;oGm;vmaponfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oufqidk &f m&JtrIww GJ iG f yg&So
d nfrh w
S o
f m;csuf rsm;rS
&&SEd idk o
f nf/
tcsKyw f &m;cHwpfO;D rdr\ d tcsKyaf xmifoYkd a&muf&v dS mvQi-f
Z,m;uGuf (1)rS (9)txda&;oGi;f &rnf/
tcsKyw f &m;cHwpfO;D rdr\ d tcsKyaf xmifrS xGucf mG a&TUajymif;oGm;onft h cg-
Z,m;trSwf (10)rS (13)txd a&;oGi;f &rnf/
a&muf&SdcsdefESihfxGufcGmcsdefaeYrsm;wGif xrif;auR;arG;jcif;r&Sdu Z,m;uGuf(16)wGif azmfjy
xm;&rnf/oufqkdif&maeYpOftydk'frsm;udk ppfaq;olt&m&Sdu tvG,fwulod&SdEkdifap&ef rifeDjzihf
a&;om;vQif ydrk akd umif;rGeyf gonf/
aeYpOftcsKyfcef;twGif;&Sd tcsKyfom;pm&if;udk þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfrS Munfh&Ia&;om;NyD;vQif
tcsKycf ef;ay:wGif a&;om;csw d qf x GJ m;&rnf/ (&J 1372)
tcsKycf ef;wGif csw d qf x GJ m;&ef erlemykpH H
pOf w&m;cHtrnf tbtrnf jypfrI a&muf&odS nfh &Dref taMumif;t&m

aeY ukeq
f ;Hk onfah eY
1 armifvS OD;jr 379 1-1-89 15-1-89 taMumif;t&m
rSwcf su/f tcsKyw f &m;cH &Jpcef;tcsKyrf S xGuo f mG ;vQif zsu&f rnf? ausmufoifyek ;f ay:wGif ajrjzL
ESiafh &;oGi;f u ydrk akd umif;rGeyf gonf/
tcsKyw
f &m;cHwpfO;D onf rdr\ d tcsKycf ef;odYk a&muf&v dS mvQif írSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkyyf g Z,m;uGuf
(1)rS (9)xd a&;oGif;&rnf/ tcsKyfw&m;cHwpfOD; rdrd\tcsKyfcef;rS xGufcGma&TUajymif;oGm;onfhtcg
rSwyf w
Hk if pmtkyyf gZ,m;tuGuf (10)rS (13)xd a&;oGi;f &rnf/Z,m;tuGu(f 1)rS (10)xd a&;oGi;f &ef
tcsurf sm;udk xkod Ykd a&;oGi;f &eftaMumif;ay:aygufonfEiS hf csucf si;f a&;oGi;f &rnf/aeYuek rf S a&;oGi;f
&rnf r[kwfacs/Z,m;uGuf(12)wGif a&;oGif;csufrsm;rSm tus,fazmfjy&efrvdkí usOf;EkdiforQ
usO;f ap&rnf/aemufqufwGJ (u-8)jzihf azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (&J -1373)
Oyrm
Oyrm/ Z,m;uGuf (12)wGif az:jy&rnfrmS w&m;cHtm; jypfrjI ziht f vkrd &Sí d tcsKyrf S vTwvf u
dk f
vQif jypfrIjzifh tvkdr&Sdí vTw/f w&m;½k;H okYd pGcJ sujf zihw
f &m;pGw w&m;½kH;okdYykd)Y
J ify&Ydk mwGif (w&m;½k
tjypfusí axmifoyYdk &Ydk vQif (axmif axmifokdYykdY)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
24
xrif;rauR;&vQif 1-1-89 eHeufpmrauR;
/ 15-1-89 npmrauR;
vk;H 0rauR;vQif rauR;
vtoD;oD;twGufa&;oGif;csufrsm;udk qkdif&m v 16 &ufaeYrS tpjyKí a&SUv 15 &ufaeY
naewGif tqkH;owf&rnf/tcsKyfcef;u xGufcGmoGm;jcif;r&Sdonfh w&m;cH\trnfudk 4if;w&m;cH
tcsKycf ef;wGif &Sad eaMumif;aeYpOf topfra&;&/ vpOfqidk &f m v 16 &ufaeYwiG o f m pmrsuEf mS topf
wpfcjk yKvyk í f 4if;aeYwiG &f o dS nfh w&m;cHtm;vk;H wd\ Yk trnfrsm;udk 4if;pmrsuEf mS wGif ul;a&;&rnf/
(&Jp'JG k - 1374)]] aemufvokYd topfu;l ajymif;aom w&m;cHw\ Ydk trnfrsm;ukd rifejD zifh ul;ajymif;a&;om;
&rnf/Ny;D cJah om pm&if;Z,m;uGuf trSwf - 10 rS 12 txdwiG f rifejD zifh -- v okaYd jymif;[k az:jy&rnf}}
vpOftpm;taomuf ]]bD bDvf}}pm&if;rSm qkid &f mv 16 &ufaeYwiG f tpjyKí a&SUv 15 &ufaeY
naewGif tqkH;owf&rnf/rSwfykHwifpmtkyfwGif a&;oGif;csufrsm;udk qkdif&mvtwGuf tqkH;owfí
Ny;D vQiNf y;D csi;f &Jvufp'GJ w k ,d wJt G yd'k (f 1374)Z,m;tuGu(f 13)yg xrif;eyfa&ESio fh ifah iGukd wGucf suí f
ykHpHatmufajcyg oD;jcm;vSyfxm;onfhae&mwGif oifhaiGudk aocsmxif&Sm;pGma&;oGif; NyD;aemuf
vpOftpm;taomuf ]]bDv}f }pm&if;udk jyKvyk af &;om;&rnf/ 4if;]]bDv}f }pm&if;ukd &Jpcef;rSL;u rSerf rSef
wdkufqkdifppfaq;NyD;vQif auR;arG;onfhxrif;eyfa& wpfeyfvQif usoihfEIef;ESihf ]]bDvf}}pm&if;oifhaiG
pkpkaygif;udk azmfjyí ajypmvufrSwfwpfapmifudk ykHpH (tkyfcsKyfa&; 60^ &J 28) wGif rl&if;ESihfrdwåL 2
apmifa&;om;Ny;D &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if(8)]]bDv}f }pm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG af &;oGi;f í
4if;ajypmvufrw S u f kd NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;rSwpfqihf c½kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;xH wify&Ykd rnf/c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;onf &Jpcef;rS
wifjyvmaom tcsKyw f &m;cH xrif;auR;arG;p&dwt f m; oufqidk &f mrSwyf w Hk if (4) (5) (6)wdjYk zihf wku d q f ikd f
ppfaq;NyD;rSefuefrI&Sdygu t&yf&yfay;ydkYvkdufonfh aiG&aMumif;ajypm (tkyfcsKyfa&;-48 (u) )jzihf
rsO;f om;csuv f ufrw S w f pfapmifukd &Jpcef;rSL;xH oufqikd &f m xrif;uefx&du k o f aYkd y;Ekid &f ef xkwaf y;&rnf/
c&kid &f wJ yfzUGJ rSL;onf bPfü aiGpm&if; zGiv hf pS Ef idk jf cif;r&So d nfx h rif;auR;uefx&du k t f wGuf udp&ö yfrsm;wGif
rsO;f om;csuv f ufrw S t f pm; aiGpm&if;qkid &f m vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ESit fh nD aiGom;jzihf xkwaf y;Ekid o f nf/
aiG&oluv kd nf; 4if;]]bD bDvf}}pm&if;twGuf aiGxw k af y;onft h cg 4if;rSwyf w Hk if pmtkyw f iG f aiG&aMumif;
vufrw S af &;xk;d ap&rnf/ ( &JpGJ'k - 1375)
rSwcf su/f ykpH -H tkyfcsKyfa&; (60)ESpfapmifa&;oGi;f &onf/ NrKUd e,f(re&)rSL;&k;H okYd rwifyrYdk D xrif;
uefx&ku d \f vufrw S [ f ak z:jyxm;aom ae&mwGif wHqyd af cgif;ruyfbJ ESpaf pmifv;Hk wGif
vufrw S af &;xk;d ap&rnf/&Jpcef;rSL;u ]]bDv}f }pm&if;ukd ppfaq;Ny;D todoufaotjzpf
vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/4if;]]bDv}f }ukd rSwyf w Hk if (8)wGif a&;oGi;f Ny;D ]]bDv}f }trSww f yfí NrKUd e,f
(re&)rSL;&k;H okYd ay;yk&Yd ygonf/
þrSwyf w Hk if (6)udk ppfaq;&mwGif vG,u f al p&ef OyrmykpH u H kd atmufygtwkid ;f azmfjyygonf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
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25
tcsKyw
f &m;cHrsm; xrif;auR;p&dwf ppfaq;aomykpH H
xrif;auR;aomeyfa&ESifh usio
hf ihaf iG
aeYpOfrw
S w
f rf;trSwf
&ufpGJ xrif;eyfa&aygif;
eHeufpm npm usyf jym;
16-1-89 6 5 20 10 15 18 75
17-1-89 4 4 15 6 10 12 50
18-1-89 5 10 16 12 22 27 50
19-1-89 3 15 18 15 30 37 50
20-1-89 9 8 20 9 17 21 25
21-1-89 8 10 14 10 25 25 00
52 62 114 142 50
txufygykHpHudk (2)&Guf a&;om;NyD; aemufwpf&Gufudk tkyfcsKyfa&; 60 ykHpHjzihf a&;íwpf&Gufudk

c½dik &f w
J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;Hk odYk ydyYk g? c&kid &f w
J yfzUGJ rSL;&k;H wGif ppfaq;&eftwGuf vG,u f rl nfjzpfygonf/usew
f pf&u
G f
udk xrif;auR;p&dwf awmif;cHonfh oufqikd &f mv xrif;auR;pm&if;wGif yl;wGx J m;vQif txuft&m&Sd
rsm;u &Jpcef;odv Yk ma&mufppfaq;vQif vG,u f rl nfjzpfygonf/
rSwcf su/f txufazmfjyyg rsO;f om;azmfjyxm;onfh *Pef;rsm;rSm &Jpcef;&Sd t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w
f rf;
wGif tcsKyw f &m;cHxrif;auR;onfh aeYpOftyd'k u f kd azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/
þrSwyf wHk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnft h csed u

f mv
&JvufpJG'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1303 t& aemufqkH;a&;oGif;csuf&ufpJGrS wpfESpfjynfhNyD;aomtcg
c&&rSL;rS zsufqD;Ekdifygonf/xdkuJYodYk zsufqD;aMumif;udk t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;wGifazmfjyí zsufqD;
aom t&m&Su d ,
kd w
f ikd v
f nf; vufrw S af &;xk;d &onf/
uefo
Y wf
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26
rSwfykHwif(7)
c&D;p&dwfrSwfykHwifpmtkyf
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJG tyd'k f 1383? 1385 )
þrSwyf w
Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
þrSwyf w
Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;rSm &Jpcef;&Sd wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;rS vkyif ef;wm0ef trsK;d rsK;d wdjYk zihf c&D;oGm;vm&m
wGif xkwaf y;aom c&D;p&dwaf iGrsm;tm; pepfwusxw k af y;Ekid &f eftwGuf jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þc&D;p&dwf rSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkyf udk ykpH H tkycf sKyaf &; 50^ &J 80 ykpH jH zihf tok;H jyKa&;oGi;f &ygonf/
atmufygtwdik ;f tydik ;f (2)ydik ;f xm;&So d nf-

(u) tydik ;f (1)c&D;p&dw/f c&D;p&dwt f &yf&yfukd &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if (7)wGif a&;oGi;f
&rnf/4if;rSwfykHwifpmtkyf tydkif;(1)wGif &Jpma&;ESihf &JwyfzJGU0ifrsm;tm; tNrJwrf;
BuKdwifxkwfay;aiGxJrS pkdufxkwfay;xm;onfh c&D;p&dwfrsm;ukd a&;oGif;í tydkif;(2)
wGif qdkcJhonfh BuKdwifxkwfay;aiGxJrS pkdufxkwfray;&aom &JwyfzJGU0ifrsm;\ c&D;
p&dwrf sm;ukd a&;oGi;f &rnf/
( c ) &Jpma&;ESihf&JwyfzJGU0ifrsm;\ c&D;p&dwfudk tNrJwrf;BuKdwifxkwfay;aiGrS pdkufxkwfí
tok;H jyK&ef owfrw S xf m;onft h m;avsmpf mG c&D;rxGurf D rD;&xm;c? oabFmc tp&Sad om
o,f,l ydaYk qmifa&;p&dwrf sm;ESifh ukeu f srnf[k cefrY eS ;f í &oavmuf aeYwu G f p&dwrf sm;udk
xkwfay;apNyD;vQif c&D;xGuf&mrS jyefvnfa&mufaomtcg c&D;p&dwfudk csufcsif;
tNy;D tjywf&iS ;f vif;ay;ap&rnf/ þudpt ö wGuf &Jpcef;rSL;onf atmufyg&Jpma&;\
vkyif ef;rsm;udk Bu;D Muyf&rnf-
(1) c&D;rxGufrD BuKdwifxkwfay;aiGudk aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtkyfESihf ]]t&yf&yfaeYpOf
rSww f rf;}}wGif csucf si;f a&;oGi;f jcif;ESifh aiGpm&if;pmtkyaf &;oGi;f csuw f iG f aiG&ol\
vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;/
(2) c&D;xGuf&mrS jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaom &JwyfzJGU0ifonf wm0efay;tyfonfh
trdefYpmudk vkdtyfaomajypmrsm;ESifhwuG tjynfhtpkHa&;oGif;NyD; csufcsif;
jyefvnfay;tyfjcif;/
(3) &JwyfzJGU0ifonf wm0efay;tyfonfhtrdefYpmwGif yg&Sdaom c&D;rsm;udk trSef
a&mufcjhJ cif;/
(4) BuKw d ifpu dk xf wk af y;aomaiGrS ydak omaiGjzpfap? c&D;p&dw&f iS ;f vif;&mü xyfrH
pduk x f w k af y;&aiGujkd zpfap aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtky]f ]t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;}}ESihf
wm0efay;tyfonfh trdepYf m\ ausmbufwiG cf sucf si;f a&;oGi;f jcif;ESihf xyfrH
xkwaf y;jcif;wGif aiG&ol\ vufrw S u f kd aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtkyüf a&;xk;d jcif;/
uefo
Y wf
uefoY wf
27
(5) &Jpma&;u wm0efay;tyfonfh trdefYpmrsm;t& c&D;p&dwfrsm;udk &Sif;vif;
ay;Ny;D aemuf c&D;p&dwrf w S yf w Hk if pmtkyt f ykid ;f (1)wGif a&;oGi;f jcif;/
(6) c&D;p&dwfrSwfykHwifpmtkyftydkif;(1)Z,m;uGuf (14)wGif wifjyxm;aom
&Si;f wrf;rSeu f efjcif;/
(7) &Jpma&;onf tNrJwrf;BuKdwifxkwfay;aiGudk jyefvnf jznfhwif;a&;twGuf
tydik ;f (1)? c&D;p&dwaf iGawmif;pm&if;]]bDv}f }udw k pfywfvQif wpfBurd u f sjzpfap?
ESpyf wfvQif wpfBurd f usjzpfap? c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H odYk ay;ydjYk cif;/
(*) tydik ;f (2)c&D;p&dw/f tydkif;(2)c&D;p&dwfaiGawmif;pm&if; ]]bDvf}}wkdYudk
oufqidk &f mvukeq f ;Hk Ny;D &ufowåywftwGi;f c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H odYk ydaYk p&rnf/
(C) tpdk;&b@maiGydkY&mwGif ukefusaomc&D;p&dwfudk &Jpcef;uuscH&efr[kwfojzihf
4if;c&D;p&dwaf iGawmif;pm&if; ]]bDv}f }udk woD;wjcm; jyKvyk v f suf xkad iGawmif;pm&if;
]]bDv}f }wGif rifejD zifh ]]tpd;k &b@mydaYk qmifjcif;}}[lí acgif;pOfa&;xk;d ap&rnf/
(i) c&D;p&dwfaiGawmif;pm&if;]]bDvf}}wkdif;wGif a&;oGif;csuf[lorQudk ]]t&yf&yfaeYpOf
rSwwf rf;}}wm0efay;tyfonfh trdepYf mponfwjYkdzihf wdu k q f idk pf pfaq; Munf&h NI y;D jzpfaMumif;
oufaocH vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
(p) c&D;p&dwaf iGawmif;pm&if;]]bDv}f }wku Yd kd c&dik &f w
J yfzUGJ rSL;&k;H odYk rydrYk D &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if (8)wGif
a&;oGi;f í 4if;pm&if;t& trSwpf Ofukd c&D;p&dwaf iGawmif;pm&if;]]bDv}f }wdw Yk iG f a&;xk;d ap
&rnf/
(q) c&D;p&dwfaiGawmif;pm&if;]]bDvf}}rsm; jyKvkyf&mwGifvnf;aumif; ppfaq;&mwGif
vnf;aumif; tok;H jyKEidk &f ef atmufygwku Yd kd &Jpcef;wGif zdik w f w GJ pfcük xm;&Sad p&rnf-
(1) &Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;? &Gmi,frsm;? pcef;rsm;? uif;rsm;ESihf tjcm;
ta&;BuD;onfhXmewdkYudk &Jpcef;rS tuGmta0;ESifh wnf&mt&yfwdkYudk jyaom
pm&if; (4if;pm&if;yg aus;&GmESihfaus;&Gmi,frsm;onf rSwfykHwif (34)twkdif;
jzpf&rnf/xkt d uGmta0;udk tajzmifq h ;Hk enf; jzihf wkid ;f xGmNy;D vQif wpfrikd v f Qif
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&G m i,f r sm;ES i h f t jcm;ta&;BuD ; aom ae&mrsm;\ tuG m ta0;ud k v nf ;
4if;pm&if;wGif azmfjy&rnf/
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c&D;p&dwfxkwf,lEkdifcGifhr&Sdojzihf rdrd&Jpcef;e,fedrdwftwGif;wGifjzpfap? 4if;
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jzpfap? &Jpcef;rS 15 rdik t f wGi;f wGif &Sad om &Gmrsm;\ pm&if;udk jyKvyk &f rnf/
(3) armfawmfum;vrf;ESifh oabFmvrf;wpfavQmuf&dS c&D;rsm;\tuGmta0;pm&if; ESifh
xkdc&D;rsm;wGif vlwpfOD;twGuf ay;&pNrJ okdYr[kwf owfrSwfxm;aom
armfawmfum;ESihf oabFm cEIef;xm;pm&if;rsm; jyKvkyfxm;&rnf/xkdenf;wl
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tyd'k cf iGJ ,f(2)wGif azmfjyxm;aom aus;&Gmrsm;\pm&if;udk atmufazmfjyyg ykpH t
H wkid ;f
jyKvyk x
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xkwaf y;aomtcgüvnf; ok;H aiGbufqidk &f macgif;pOfatmufEiS fh t&yf&yfyaYkd iG ajypm
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ausmbufwiG jf zpfap c&D;p&dwrf w S yf w Hk ifpmtkyf tydik ;f (2)\ aemufq;Hk Z,m;uGuw f iG f
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f idk f ppfaq;Munf&h LS
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ta&;BuD;onfh ae&mrsm;onf &Jpcef;rS rnfrQuGma0;onf rnfonfhbufwGif&Sdonfrsm;udkjyvsuf
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4 ^145 trIaeYpOfrSww f rf;trSwf (4)wGif azmfjy
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18 ^ 10-5-89 trd e f Y t rS w f (18)wGif ñTeMf um;onfh
twk d i f ; tvk y f a jymif;a&TU&mü c&D;oGm;
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(1) rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f rSwf (4)
rSwfykHwifpmtkyftrSwf (8)
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atmuf txuf
(1)
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&Jtyk cf sKyaf &; (52)
ñTeMf um;pmykpH H
( wm0ef 0wå&m;ESio fh mG ;vm&ol wyfzUGJ 0ifwEYdk iS tfh wlyg&S&d ef )
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vdt
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trSwfpOfwpfckom ay;&ygonf/Z,m;uGuf(2)wGif ]]bDvf}}pm&if;yg aiGawmif;cHonfh taMumif;
t&mrsm;udk azmfjy&ygonf/
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arvtwGuf c&D;p&dwf? w&m;cHydkYaom wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;\ tydik ;f 1? c&D;p&dw?f
w&m;cHrsm;tm; yd&Yk onfch &D;p&dw?f
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Z,m;uGuf (5)(c)wGif t&yf&yf ykaYd iGtrSwEf iS &fh ufp/GJ
Z,m;uGuf (6)wGif aiGred w Yf iG yf g&So
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pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm; vkt d yfygonf-
(1) rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf (4) (7) (9) (16)
(2) tkycf sKyaf &; 58-u ]]bDv}f }vufcrH sm;
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( &Jpcef;rsm;rS ay;ydaYk om ]]bDv}f }rsm;udk c½kid &f w
J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkytf rSwf (14)
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f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf trSw(f 8)udk &Jvufp'GJ w k ,d wJG tyd'k f 1330^1333 t& aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f
onfh aeY&ufrSpí wpfESpfjynfhNyD;aomtcg c½dkif&JwyfzJGUrSL;u zsufqD;Ekdifygonf/xkduJYodkY zsufqD;
aMumif;udk &Jpcef;&Sd t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w
f rf;wGif a&;om;azmfjyNy;D zsuq f ;D aomt&m&Sd ud, k w
f idk u
f vnf;
xyfqifvh ufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
rSwfykHwif (9)
aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtkyf
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJG tyd'k f 1387)
&Jpcef;wGif tNrJwrf;BuKdwifxkwfay;xm;onfh aiGrsm;rS pkdufxkwfay;&onfhtcsKyfw&m;cH
rsm;twGuf xkwaf y;&onfh tcaMu;aiGrsm;? aus;&Gmae vkyo f m;jynforl sm;tm; xkwaf y;&onfh tc
aMu;aiGrsm;? wyfzJGU0ifrsm;\ tokH;taqmifypönf;rsm;udk ykdYaqmifay;&onfhtwGuf xkwfay;&onfh
tcaMu;aiGrsm;paom xkwaf y;aiGrsm;tm;vk;H wdu Yk kd pepfwusa&;oGi;f Ekid &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf
udk tokH;jyK&ygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þpmtkyfukd (tkyfcsKyfa&; 58(*)^&J ) ykHpHjzihf rSwfom;xm;&rnf/&Jpcef;wGif tNrJBuKdwif
xkwaf y;xm;onfh aiGrS pdu k x f w k af y;&aom tcsKyw f &m;cHrsm;udk ydaYk qmif&eftcrsm;? &Gmom;rsm;tm;
ay;&onft h apmift h a&Smufvu dk yf gcrsm;? wyf&if;tapmift h a&Smufrsm;\ ypön;f rsm;udk ydaYk qmif&onfh
tcrsm;yg ay;aiGtm;vk;H wku Yd kd pepfwusa&;oGi;f Ekid &f ef þrSwyf w Hk ifukd tok;H jyKonf/aiGpm&if;pmtkyf
ok;H aiGbuf ]]&Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw d ifxw k af y;xm;onfah iG}}[k acgif;pOfwyfonfah iGrS pdu k xf w k af y;&rnf?
c&D;p&dwaf y;aiGrv S íGJ tNrBJ uKw d ifxw k af y;xm;aomaiGrS aiGrsm;rSm omrefajypm (tkycf sKyaf &; 48(c)^&J)
ykpH w
H iG f a&;oGi;f vufrw S af &;xk;d aom ]]ajypmcJ}G }jzihf axmufcjH cif;&S&d rnf/oufaop&dwEf iS w fh &m;cHycYkd udk
(tkyfcsKyfa&; 48(*)^&J)ykHpHjzihf vnf;aumif;? tdrfvcrsm;udk (tkyfcsKyfa&; 49 )ykHpHjzihfvnf;aumif;
xked nf;wlpmG axmufcjH cif;&S&d rnf/]]ajypmcJ}G }vufrw S rf sm;trSwpf OfrmS wpfEpS pf D twGujf zpf&rnf/aiG&ol\
vufrw S u f dk aiGpm&if;pmtkyw f iG v f nf; a&;xk;d ap&rnf/odaYk omfvnf; aiG&olrmS owfrw S x f m;onfh
ykHpHjzihf wHqdyfacgif;uyfNyD; ajypmwpfapmifay;&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh aiGpm&if;pmtkyfwGif aiG 20d^-
xufydkaom aiGrsm;twGuf aiG&olrSm ajypmwHqdyfacgif;uyf&ef rvdkacs/ tao;tzJGtokH;p&dwf
rsm;twGuf ]]bDvf}}rsm;udkvnf; rSwfykHwif(8)wGif a&;oGif;NyD; ( tkyfcsKyfa&; 58 (u)^&J ) ykHpHjzihf
tusOf;csKyfa&;om;í ]]ajypmcJG}}vufrSwfrsm;ESihftwl c½dkif&JwyfzJGUrSL;xH wifoGif;&rnf/(tusOf;csKyf
uefo
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35
a&;om;&mwGif rifcpH uúLcHí a&;om;onfph mwpfapmifukd &Jpcef;wGif zkid w f NGJ y;D rlvtapmifukd zsuí f
r&aom abmvfyifjzihfa&;om;&rnf/) aeYpOf aiGpm&if;pmtkyfwGif rSwfykHwifpmtkyf&aiGbufü
]]vufuseaf iG}}rS pwifa&;rSw&f rnf/4if;aiGrmS vGecf o hJ nfah eYrS pm&if;ydwvf ufusef aiGtwkid ;f jzpfap&rnf/
4if; vufusefaiGESihf 4if;aeY&&SdonfhaiGtm;vkH;wkdYudkaygif;í aemufqkH;a&;oGif;onfh aiGatmufu
&aiGppk ak ygif;udk a&;rSw&f rnf/ok;H aiGuv kd nf; xked nf;twkid ;f a&;rSwí f aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f onfh ok;H aiG
atmufu pkpak ygif;udk a&;rSw&f rnf/ xkaYd emuf aiGpm&if;pmtky&f aiGbufu pkpak ygif;udk ok;H aiGppk ak ygif;
ESifh Ekwjf cif;tm;jzihf pm&if;ydwv f ufuseaf iGukd jy&rnf/aeYpOf tvkycf sed u f ek q f ;Hk onft
h cg pm&if;ydwf
vufuseEf iS hf &Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw d ifxw k af y;xm;onfh aiGrsm;taMumif;t&m tpkt H vifukd aiGpm&if;
pmtkyw f iG f atmufygtwkid ;f xnfo h iG ;f jyxm;&rnf-
pm&if;ydwaf iGvufuseaf iGjycsuf
usyf jym;
(1) &Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw d ifxw k af y;
xm;onfh aiGvufusef -------------------------
(2) t&yf&yfyaYkd iGvufusef
(taxGaxGEiS t hf jcm;aiGrsm;) -------------------------
---------------------------------
pkpak ygif; -------------------------
---------------------------------
&Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw

d ifxw
k af y;onfah iGjycsuf
usyf jym;
(u) ay;acsonfah jypmrsm;-
(1) c½dik &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H okYd wifoiG ;f xm;í
aiGray;&ao;aomvufuse&f adS eonfh
]]bDv}f }trSwf -------------------------
(2) ]]bDv}f }rvky&f ao;onfah jypmrsm; -------------------------
(c) vuf&adS iG -------------------------
---------------------------------
pkpak ygif; -------------------------
---------------------------------
rSwcf su/f (1) rnfonft h aMumif;jzifrh qdk &Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKwd ifxw k af y;xm;onfh aiGudk
&Jpcef;&Sd t&m&S d r sm;xHraS omfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;olwpfpw Hk pfa,muf
uefo
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uefo
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36
xHraS omfvnf;aumif;? acs;iSm;onf h aiGrsm;jzihf jznfhoiG ;f jcif; rjyK&/
(2) aiGtxkwt f oGi;f wpfpw Hk pf&mr&So
d nfah eYtwGuf qkid &f mwm0ef&Sdaom
&Jt&m&SdrSm xkdaeYwGif vufusefaiGudk ppfaq;NyD;onfh txdr;f trSwf
jzihf xnfo
h iG ;f csurf sm;a&;om;xm;aom aiGpm&if;pmtky\ f pmrsuEf mS ay:
wGif aeYpyGJ g&Sad om rdr\ d vufrw S w
f (dk od)Yk vufrw S &f n
S of m a&;xk;d &rnf/
aiGpm&if;ESiyhf wfoufí ok;H pG&J rnfyh pHk rH sm;rSm
1/ tkycf sKyaf &; 58 (*) ykpH H (aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtky)f
&mZ0wf
2/ tkycf sKyaf &; 49 (u) ykpH H (omrefajypmqyfabmufcsm)
&mZ0wf
3/ tkycf sKyaf &; 48 (*) ykpH H (oufaop&dwEf iS &hf mG om;w&m;cHycYdk ay;aom ykpH )H
&mZ0wf
4/ tkycf sKyaf &; 49 (*) ykpH H (tdrv f cajypmykpH )H
5/ tkycf sKyaf &; 58 (u) ykpH H (tNrBJ uKw d ifaf y;aiGpm&if; jyKvyk af wmif;cHaom ykpH )H
&mZ0wf
rSwyf w
Hk ifpm&if;pmtkyf trSw(f 9)ukd ppfaq;&mwGif atmufygrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyrf sm;ESiphf m&Gupf mwrf;rsm;
vkdtyfygonf -
rSwyf wHk if (4) (6) (7) (8) ESihf (10)
ykpH H tkycf sKyaf &; 49-u (omrefajypm)
ykpH H tkycf sKyaf &; 48-u (oufaop&dwaf y;ykpH )H
ykpH H tkycf sKyaf &; 49-u (tdrv f cykpH )H
ykpH H tkycf sKyaf &; 58-u (]]bDv}f }jyKvyk af omykpH )H
&JvufpJG 'kw, d wGt J yk'd f 1686
( 1 ) vlrsm;ukjd zpfap ypön;f ukjd zpfap ppfaq;&efaomfvnf;aumif; Munf&h &I efaomfvnf;aumif;
4if;\aetdrfrS av;rkdifxufausmfvGefaom t&yfokdYac:,l&ef taMumif;&Sdonfhtcg
xkv d \
l ukeu f sp&dwaf iGrsm;ukd w&m;&k;H okYd vma&mufonft h cg w&m;vkEd iS o
hf ufaorsm;
okYd ay;onfph &dwEf eI ;f twkid ;f ay;&rnf/
( 2 ) oGm;a&mufNy;D rkid t f wGuf aiGrsm;ESit hf rSet
f uefuek u f srnhpf &dwaf iGrsm;ukd awmif;qko d nfh
twkdif;&Jpcef;rSL;rS rSef^rrSef aphpyfaocsmpGmppfaq;NyD;aemuf (pcef;rSL;rSm pkHaxmuf
ppfaq;olt&m&Sdr[kwfvQif) pkHaxmufppfaq;olt&m&SdxHokdY ay;tyf&rnf/xkdokdY
pkaH xmufppfaq;olt&m&Srd mS ay;&rnfah iGrsm;ukd xkwaf y;í 4if;olxrH &S &Sad Mumif; ajypm
ukd &,l&efwm0ef&adS p&rnf/&Jpcef;wnf&&dS mNrKUd okrYd [kwf aus;&GmwGif oufaorsm;aexkid f
uefo
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37
jcif;rjyKvQif oufaorsm;aexkid &f mt&yfoYdk oGm;a&mufay;tyf&rnf/xko d ufaorsm;ukd
aiGvm,l&eftvkUd iSm &Jpcef;okaYd c:,ljcif;rjyK&/
( 3 ) &Jpcef;rSL;onf aiGxw k af y;onf&h ufpEJG iS o hf ufaoukd ac:,lppfaq;aMumif;a&;om;xm;Ny;D
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;trSwu f dk t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;wGif az:jyxm;&rnf/oufaorsm;
ukd rnfonft h aMumif;aMumifh &Jpcef;wGiaf c:,lppfaq;onft h aMumif;ukd trIaeYpOfrw S f
wrf;wGif wduspmG &Si;f vif;az:jyí rifejD zifh MuufajccwftrSwt f om;jyxm;&rnf/
( 4 ) ,ckenf;vrf;rsm;t& xkwaf y;onfph &dwaf iGrsm;ukd &Jpcef;ppfaq;Munh&f &I efvma&muf
onfh NrKUd e,f&wJ yfzUJG rSL;ESichf &kid &f w
J yfzUJG rSL;wku
Yd aphpyfaocsmpGm ppfaq;Munf&h NI y;D rvkt d yf
bJoufaorsm;ukd &Jpcef;okYd ac:,lppfaq;jcif;rsm;awGU&Syd gu xko d ufaorsm;tm; xkwf
ay;cJoh nfah iGrsm;ukd &Jpcef;rSL;\vpmaiGrS jyefvnfcEk rdS jf zwfawmuf&rnf/
( 5 ) ,ckenf;vrf;rsm;ESiahf emufq;Hk jyifqifxm;onfh oufaop&dwaf iGEeI ;f xm;rsm;\rdwLå ukd
&Jpcef;toD;oD;wGif xm;&S&d rnf/
rSwyf w
Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&rnft h csed u f mv
þrSwyf wHk iftm; aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f onf&h ufprJG S wpfEpS jf ynfNh y;D onft h cg c&kid &f w
J yfzUJG rSL;rS zsuqf ;D
aMumif;ukv d nf; t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif az:jy&rnft h jyif zsuqf ;D aomt&m&Su d ,dk w
f idk uf vnf;
xyfqifv h ufrwS af &;xk;d &rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1333)
rSwfykHwif (10)
t&yf&yfykdYaiGrsm; vufcH&&SdaMumif; ajypmzdkifwJG
&Jpcef;rsm;wGif t&yf&yfyaYkd iGajypmrsm;udk trSwpf Ofrsm;tvku d f pepfwus zdik w f xGJ m;&SEd idk &f efEiS fh
c½dik &f w
J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS jyefvnfí aiGxw k af y;jcif;rsm; aESmifah ES;MuefMY umrIr&Sad p&ef txuft&m&Sd rsm;u
&Jpcef;odYk vma&mufppfaq;onft h cg aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtkyf rSwyf w Hk if(9) t&yf&yfaeYpOf rSww f rf;pmtkyf
(4)wkEYd iS hf wkud q f idk pf pfaq;Munf&h EI idk &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifukd tok;H jyK&ygonf/
t&yf&yfyaYkd iGajypmzdik w f rGJ wS yf w
Hk if? rSwyf w Hk if(10)
tao;pdwjf yaom t&yf&yfyaYkd iGajypmrsm; (tkycf sKyaf &; 48(u) )udk &Jpcef;wGif 2 apmifpD &&Sv d rd Yf
rnfjzpfí aiGukd aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtkyrf w S yf wHk if (9)]]&aiG}}bufwiG f oGi;f vsuf &Jpcef;wGif tNrx J m;&ef
BuKw d ifay;aiGjznfah iGukd 4if;pmtkyZf ,m;uGu(f 5)wGif a&;oGi;f í tjcm;jznfah iGrsm;udk Z,m;uGu(f 6)wGif
a&;oGif;&rnf/t&yf&yfydkYaiG&aMumif; vufrSwfrlvtapmifudk &Jpcef;rSL;u vufrSwfa&;xkd;í
vktd yfonfah jypmvufrw S rf sm;ESit hf wl aiGxw k , f o
l nfah eYrS 7 &uftwGi;f c½dik f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;xHoYdk jyefy&Ykd rnf/
&Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw d ifxw k af y;xm;onfh ay;aiGrsm;twGuf &Jpma&;u vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;rSwpfyg;?
uefo
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38
xktYd jyif &Jpcef;wGif trSex f m;&So d nfh rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f &&Sad Mumif;0efccH suf &,lxm;&SNd y;D jzpfaom
ay;aiGrsm;twGurf w S pfyg; t&yf&yfyaYkd iG&ajypm ykpH aH usmbufwiG f ay;aiGrsm;udk a&;oGi;f í aiG&olrsm;u
aiG&aMumif; vufrw S rf sm; a&;xk;d ap&rnf/4if;rSm ajypm vufrw S rf [kwí f aiG 20d^- xuf ausmaf om
aiGrsm;twGuf wHqyd af cgif;rsm;uyf&efrvkad cs? aiG&aMumif;ajypmtrSeu f kd c&D;p&dwf rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf
wGiv f nf;aumif;? ajypmcJaG y:wGif vnf;aumif; ,l&rnf/þaeYpOfay;aiGrsm; pkpak ygif;udk aeYpOfaiGpm&if;
pmtkyf rSwyf wHk if(9)ay;aiGrsm; rSwo f m;onfh bufZ,m;uGu(f 5)wGiv f nf; jyxm;&rnf/t&yf&yfyaYkd iG
ajypmray;&ao;bJ use&f o dS nfh vufuseaf iGukd t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif ajypmwpfapmifprD S rnfrQ
use&f adS Mumif; aeYpOfjyxm;í xko d aYkd om vufuseaf iGrsm; pkpak ygif;udk &Jpcef;wGif tNrx J m;&ef BuKw d if
ay;aiGrS woD;wjcm;jyKíaeYpOf aiGpm&if; pmtkyw f iG f jyxm;&rnf/( &JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJt G yd'k f 1387 udk
Munfyh g )&Jpcef;rsm;wGif t&yf&yfyaYkd iG ajypmrsm;udk zdik w f t
GJ rSw(f 10)wGif trSwpf Oftvku d zf ikd w
f GJ xm;
&rnf/ NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;ESihf 'kwd,NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;wdkYu aiGxkwfay;jcif;rsm; aESmifhaES;MuefYMumjcif
;r&Sad p&ef t&yf&yfyaYkd iG ajypmzkid w f GJ udk aeYpOf aiGpm&if;pmtky?f t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;wdEYk iS fh rMumcP
wkdufqkdifppfaq;Munfh&Ií xkdokdY ppfaq;awGU&Sd&onfhtcsufudk t&yf&yfaeYpOfrSwfwrf;wGif wpfOD;pD
a&;rSwcf &hJ onf/&Jpcef;wGif tNrx J m;&ef BuKw d ifay;aiGEiS fh t&yf&yfyaYkd iGajypmrsm;rS ray;&ao;bJ use&f dS
onfh vufuseaf iGrsm;udk atmufwiG f azmfjyonft h wkid ;f t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;wGif tao;pdwf az:jy
&rnf-
usyf jym;
&Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw
d ifxw
k af y;xm;onfah iGrS
vufuseaf iG -------------------------
----------------- aeYpyGJ g t&yf&yfyaYkd iGajypmtrSwf
vufuseaf iG -------------------------
----------------- aeYpyGJ g t&yf&yfyaYkd iGajypmtrSwf
vufuseaf iG -------------------------
-----------------------------
pkpak ygif; -------------------------
-----------------------------
&Jpcef;rSL;ESifh &Jpma&;wdu
Yk t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d aomtcg (1)4if;wkoYd nf
t&yf&yfydkYaiG ajypmzdkifwJGESifh aeYpOfaiGpm&if;pmtkyfukd ppfaq;Munfh&SLNyD;í 4if;wdkYwGif jyxm;aom
aiGrsm;onf rSefuefaMumif;? xkdYjyif (2)pm&if;ydwfvufusefaiGrsm;onf vufwGif trSef&SdonfhaiGESifh
udu
k nf aD Mumif; oufaocHvufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
uefo
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39
t&yf&yfyaYdk iGajypm pm&Guu f dk c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;&k;H okjYd yefyo
Ydk nft h cg atmufygtwkid ;f a&;oGi;f í
jyefy&Ydk ygonf -
eHygwf ---------( 1 )------- aeYpJG ------( 2 )------ aiGudk ------( 3 )------ aiGxw k ,
f í
l (4)--------
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;pmtkyef yH gwf ( 5 ) --------- wGif jyxm;ygonf/
pmukd -------( 6 )-------- rsm;twGuf aiG&ol\ajypmESit hf wl jyefoiG ;f ygonf/
vufrw S f
&mxl; ------------( 7 )
Xm e -------------( 8 )
( 1 ) rdrXd merS jyefyaYdk om pmtrSw/f
( 2 ) pmygaeYp?JG jyefyaYdk omaeYp/JG
( 3 ) aiGxw k ,f cl ahJ omXme/
( 4 ) aiG&aMumif;t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif jyaom aeYp/JG
( 5 ) t&yf&yfaeYpOftyk'd t f rSw/f
( 6 ) aiGajypm yxr rsuEf mS Z,m;uGurf S ]]bDv}f }trSwrf sm;/
( 7 ) vufrSwfa&;xkd;ol t&m&Sd? &mxl;/
( 8 ) &Jpcef;
4if;pm&if;&Sd aiGrsm;ukd ay;&ef&w dS idk ;f xkwaf y;Ny;D tcsed u f ek qf ;Hk aomtcg Z,m;(3)wGif aiGaygif;
jyí Z,m;(5)wGif vufuseaf iGudk jyxm;&rnf/
Z,m;uGuf (6)wGif xkwaf y;olt&m&Su d vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;&rnf/þrSwyf w Hk ifzikd w
f u
JG dk ppfaq;
onht f cg atmufygrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyrf sm;ESiphf m&Gupf mwrf;rsm; vkt d yfygonf/
rSwyf wHk ifpmtkyt f rSwf (4) (6) (7) (8) (9)
ykHpH 58 - u vufcH
rSwyf w
Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&rnft h csed u
f mv
þrSwyf w
Hk iftm; aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f onf&h ufprJG S wpfEpS jf ynfNh y;D onft h cg c&kid &f w
J yfzUJG rSL;rS zsuq
f ;D
aMumif;ukv d nf; t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif az:jy&rnft
h jyif zsuq f ;D aomt&m&Su d ,
dk w
f idk u f vnf;
xyfqifv h ufrwS af &;xk;d &rnf/(&Jp'JG k - 1333)
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40
rSwfykHwif (11)
vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmuf?&Jaqmifud&d,mESihf tpdk;&ypönf;rsm;taMumif;
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJG tyd'k f 1389^1390)
&JaxmufyaYH &;XmerS xkwaf y;aom &Jpcef;rsm;qkid &f m vufeuf? cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;? &Jaqmif
ud&, d mrsm;ESiafh omif;ajymif;ypön;f rsm; pm&if;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyEf iS rfh w S yf w Hk if (12)&JaxmufyaYH &;XmerS
xkwfay;onfh ypönf;r[kwfaom ½kH;tokH;taqmifrsm;? y&dabm*rsm;ESihfaomif;ajymifypönf;rsm;
pm&if;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyrf sm;udk jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy\ f 11-11-76 &ufpyGJ gpmtrSwf 2^1âxmuf 2
(c) 3 jzihf aqmif&Gufenf;rsm;udk jzefYa0xm;NyD; jzpfygonf/tqkdyg ñTefMum;csuftm; vkdufem
aqmif&u G Ef idk &f ef oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
&JaxmufyXYH merS xkwaf y;aom &Jpcef;ok;H taxGaxGypön;f pm&if;rSwyf w Hk if?rSwyf w Hk if(11)
&Jpcef;rsm;wGif &JaxmufyHYXmerS xkwfay;xm;aom vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;? &Jaqmif
ud&, d mrsm;ESihf &Jpcef;ok;H ypön;f ud&, d mrsm;udk &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if (11)jzihf rSww f rf;xm;&SNd y;D atmufyg
rSwyf w Hk ifv,f*smrsm;wGif acgif;pOfEiS t hf nD a&;oGi;f xde;f odr;f &rnf-
(u) vufeuf?cJ,rf;?rD;ausmufu&d , d mrsm;pm&if;? rSwyf w Hk if (11-u)/
( c) &JaxmufyXYH merS xkwaf y;aom &Jpcef;ok;H taxGaxG ypön;f pm&if;?rSwyf w Hk if(11-c)
(* ) vufeufwu kd f rSwyf w Hk if? rSwyf wHk if (11-*)
(C) t&m&St d qif h wpf O D ; csif ; vuf e ufc, J rf; rD;ausmuf (aeYpOfxw k f ôGi;f ) rSwyf w Hk if?
rSwyf w Hk if (11-C)
(i ) tjcm;tqihw f pfO;D csi;f vufeufc, J rf; rD;ausmuf (aeYpOf xkwf ôGi;f jcif;) rSwyf w Hk if?
rSwyf w
Hk if (11-i)
( p ) aeYpOf vufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufwef;pDZ,m;? rSwyf w Hk if (11-p)
(q) wyf&if;? wyfzUGJ ? NrKUd e,f? &Jpcef;twGi;f vufeuf cJ,rf;rD;ausmufjzefaY 0ykH Z,m;rSwyf w Hk if
(11-q)/ (&J&JpJG 'k-1389)
&Jpcef;rS vufeufcJ,rf;xkwfay;jcif;ESihfywfoufí t&m&Sdrsm;tm; xkwfay;&mwGif
aemufqufw(GJ 11-C)t&m&Sw d pfO;D csi;f vufeufc, J rf;xkwaf y;jcif;pmtkyw f iG f a&;oGi;f &rnf/ tjcm;
tqihfwyfzJGU0ifrsm;tm; xkwfay;&mwGif aemufqufwJG(11-i) vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufwpfOD;csif;
aeYpOfxkwfaom rSwfykHwif pmtkyf(tjcm;tqihf)wGif a&;oGif;&rnf/t&m&Sdrsm;tm; wpfvwpfBudrf
vufeufc, J rf;jyefvnftyfEaHS pNy;D rS wpfzefxw k af y;&rnf/t&m&Srd sm;tm; wpfvwpfBurd f vufeuf
cJ,rf;jyefvnftyfESHapNyD;rS wpfzefxkwfay;&rnf? tjcm;tqihfrsm;tm; aeYpOfvufeufcJ,rf;
xkwfoGif;jcif;udk a&;oGif;&rnf wpfOD;csif;xkwfay;&mwGif (axmuf-4)ajypmudk tokH;jyK&rnfhjyif
vufc&H &Sad jypmzkid Ef iS fh xkwo f iG ;f ajypmzkid f ESprf sK;d cJjG cm;í vufeuftrsK;d tpm;tvdu k f ESpyf ikd ;f pD zGiv hf pS f
xde;f odr;f &rnf/(&J&JpJG 'k-1390)
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
41
rSwyf w
Hk if (12)
vufeufc,
J rf;rD;ausmuf?&Jaqmifu&d , d mESifh tpd;k &ypön;f rsm;taMumif;
(&JvufpGJ 'kw,d wJG tyd'k f 1389^1390)
&JaxmufyXYH merS xkwaf y;jcif;rjyKaom aomif;ajymif;ypön;f pm&if;rSwyf w
Hk if? rSwyf w
Hk if (12)
jynfaxmifpqk &dk ,S v f pfor®wjrefrmEkid if aH wmf

jynfxaJ &;ESio fh moema&;0efBu;D Xme
jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ
pmtrSwf? 2 ^ 1 axmuf 2 ( c ) 3
&ufpJG ? 1976 ck? Ekd0ifbmv (11) &uf
odkY
jynfe,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;tm;vk;H
wkid ;f jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;tm;vk;H
vufaxmufjynfe,f jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;tm;vk;H
vufaxmufwidk ;f jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;tm;vk;H
NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;tm;vk;H
wyfzUGJ rSL;? rIcif;wyfzUGJ ? tif;pdef
wyfzUGJ rSL;? owif;wyfzUGJ ? &efuek f
wyfzUGJ rSL;? rD;&xm;wyfzUGJ ? &efuek f
ausmif;tkyBf u;D ? uRr;f usirf q I idk &f m twwfoifoyd aHÜ usmif;? rEÅav;/
taMumif;t&m/ NrKUd ee,f
,fjynfolU&JwyfzJGUrSL;½kH;rrssm;ESifh &Jpcef;rsm;wGif vufeu uff c J , rrf;f rD;ausmuf
v,f*smESihf taxGaxGypön;f v,f*smrsm; xm;&Sad &;
1/ &Jpcef;rsm;wGif &JvufpjGJ yXmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD axmufyaYH &;rS xkwaf y;aom vufeuf? cJ,rf;
rD;ausmufrsm; &Jaqmifu&d , d mrsm;ESifh &Jpcef;ok;H ypön;f rsm;udk rSwyf wHk if (11)jzihf rSww
f rf;wif xm;&SNd y;D
&JaxmufyHYa&;rS xkwfay;jcif;rjyKaom aomif;ajymif;ypönf;rsm;twGuf rSwfykHwif(12)pm&if;rsm;
xm;&Syd gonf/
2/ odkYaomf ,cifjyXmef;xm;aom rSwfykHwif(11)ESifh (12)wdkYrSm pepfopftkyfcsKyfa&;t&
jynfe,f^wkdif;? vufaxmufjynfe,f^wkdif;ESihfNrKdUe,frsm;wGif xm;&Sd&rnfh rSwfykHwifpmtkyfrsm;ESihf
tqihq f ihu f yG u
f rJ ?I vkyif ef;qufo, G rf rI sm;rSm udu k n
f rD rI &So
d nfth jyif txuft&m&Srd sm; ppfaq;&m
wGifvnf; vG,fulrIr&Sdojzihf rSwfykHwifpmtkyf(11)ESifh (12)tpm; atmufygv,f*smpm&if;rsm;udk
tpm;xk;d xm;&Sd tok;kH jyK&ef ñTeMf um;ygonf-
(u) &Jpcef;ok;H v,f*smpm&if;rsm;/ &Jpcef;rsm;wGif xm;&S&d rnfv h ,f*smpm&if;rsm;rSm
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
42
atmufyg twkdif;jzpfygonf -
(1) vufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufv,*f sm/ ,if;v,f*smpm&if;wGif &JaxmufyaHY &;rS
xkwaf y;aom &Jpcef;qkid &f mvufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESiyfh pön;f ud&, d mrsm;udk
a&;oGi;f xm;&rnf/ (aemufqufwJG ]u} )
(2) ta taxG xGaxGypönf;v,f*sm/ m/ ,if;v,f*smpm&if;wGif &JaxmufyaYH &;rS &Jpcef;
ok;H twGuf xkwaf y;aom taxGaxGypön;f rsm;udk a&;oGi;f xm;&rnf/
(aemufquf wJG ]c} )
(3) aom omif if ;ajymif
;ajymif;ypönf;v,f*sm/ &JaxmufyHYa&;rS xkwaf y;jcif; rjyKaom
aomif;ajymif;ypönf;rsm;jzpfonfh pm;yJ?G ukvm;xkid pf onfw h uYdk kd a&;oGi;f xm;
&rnf/ (aemufqufwJG ]*} )
( c ) pm&if;a&;oGi;f ykH a&;oGi;f enf;/ pm&if;a&;oGif;ykHa&;oGi;f enf;rsm;rSm atmufyg
twkid ;f jzpfygonf-
(1) ypön;f wpfrsK;d udk v,f*smpm&Guw f pf&u G wf iG f a&;oGi;f &rnf/
(2) tjc m;a&;oG i f ; &rnf h tcsuftvufrsm;udk v,f*smpm&Guf pmwkid yf gtwkid ;f
a&;oGi;f &rnf/
(3) v,f*smpm&Gufwkdif;wGif pcef;rSL;onf wyfaxmuft&m&Su d ,kd pf m; vufrw S f
a&;xk;d &rnft h jyif pm&Guw f idk ;f wGivf nf; pmrsuEf mS wyfxm;&rnf/
3/ txufazmfjyyg v,f*smpm&if;pmtkyf (3)rsK;d tjyif vufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufEiS hf ywfoufaom
atmufazmfjyyg pm&if;pmtkyrf sm;udk &Jpcef;rsm;ü xm;&S&d rnf-
(u) vufeufwu dk f rSwyf wHk ifpm&if;/ &Jpcef;wkdif;ü vufeufwkdufwGif vufeuf
rnfrQ&SdaMumif; tvG,fwul ppfaq;Munfh&IEkdif&eftwGuf vufeufwkdufrSwfykHwif
pm&if;wpfck xm;&S&d rnf/ pmtkyx f wJ iG f vufeuftrsK;d tpm;tvku d f u@cJx G m; &yg
rnf/ (aemufqufwJG]C} )
rSwcf su/f rS w f c suf Z,m;uG u f w G i f jyef & jcif ; ? jyeftyfjcif;\taMumif;tcsurf sm;udk rSwcf suf
a&;om;&ef/ (Oyrm) BLR jzpfíjyeftyfygonf/
( c ) vufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufrsm;txkwt f oGi;f pm&if;/ &Jpcef;rsm;wGif aeYpOf vufeuf
cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm; txkwt f oGi;f &Sad eygojzifh vufeuf cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm; vkNH cKrH I
twGuf vufeufc, J rf;txkwt f oGi;f rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd xm;&S&d ygrnf/ ,m,D xkwf
ay;jcif;ESihf tNrw J rf;xkwaf y;jcif;[lí (2)rsK;d xm;&S&d ygrnf (aemufqufwJG ]i} ]p} ))/
rSwcf su/f rSwfcsufZ,m;wGif jyefvnftyfESHonfh vufeufcJ,rf;tajctaeudk azmfjy&ygrnf/
(Oyrm) usnw f pfawmifh avsmeY nf;aeonf? csed o f ;D usK;d yJ/Y
( * ) vufeufc, J rf;wef;pDZ,m;/ &Jpcef;rsm;udk txuft&m&Sdrsm; a&Smifwcif
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
43
0ifa&mufppfaq;onfhtcgwGif tvG,fwul od&Sdap&efESihf &Jpcef;rSvnf; vufeuf
vuf&Sdpm&if;udk tqifhoifh wifjyEkdifa&;twGuf&Jpcef;aeYpOf vufeufcJ,rf;wef;pD
Z,m;wpfcuk vkd nf; xm;&S&d ygrnf/ (aemufqufwJG ]q} )
&Si;f vif;csuf
,aeYvuf&t dS a&twGuEf iS fh pkpak ygif;ta&twGurf sm; uGmjcm;&jcif;udk odomEkid &f ef? rnfonfh
wm0eftwGuf rnfrQxw k af y;onf a'oEÅ&jyifr& rnfrQ&o dS nf ponfrsm;udk &Si;f csu-f acgif;pOfatmuf&dS
uGuv f yfwiG f azmfjy&ygrnf/
NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;½k;H wGif xm;&S&d rnfph m&if;rsm;

4/ NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;½k;H wGif atmufazmfjyyg v,f*smpm&if; xm;&S&d ygrnf-
(u) v,f*smpm&if;rsm;/ NrKUd e,frsm;wGif txufwiG f azmfjyxm;aom &Jpcef; rsm;ü
xm;&S&d rnfh v,f*smpm&if;pmtkyrf sm;twkid ;f xm;&S&d ygrnf/pm&if;a&;oGi;f ykH a&;oGi;f enf;
rSm txuftydk'f 2 (c)twkdif; jzpfygonf/ okdY&mwGif NrKdUe,f jynfolU&JwyfzJGUrSL;onf
pcef;rSL;vufrw S af &;xk;d onfah e&mwGif NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;taejzihf vufrw S af &;xk;d
&ygrnf/
( c ) jzefaY 0ykZH ,m;/ xkdYjyif NrKdUe,frsm;rS &Jpcef;rsm;odkY jzefYa0xm;aom ypönf;rsm;pm&if;udk
od&EdS ikd &f eftwGuf jzefaY 0ykZH ,m;v,f*smpmtkyu f v
kd nf; xm;&S&d ygrnf/
(aemufqufwJG ]Z} )
(*) pm&if;a&;oGi;f ykaH &;oGi;f enf;/ NrKdUe,fjynfolU&JwyfzJGUtwGif; jzefYa0ykHZ,m;
a&;rSwyf aHk &;oGi;f enf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfygonf-
(1) jzeYfa0ykHZ,m;\ trSwfpOfZ,m;uGufwGif omreftrSwfpOfrsm;udk a&;rSwf
&ygrnf/
(2) aeYpZGJ ,m;uGuüf xkwaf y;jcif;^vufcjH cif;^jzefaY 0jcif; jyKvyk o f nfh ajypm\
aeYpu GJ kd a&;rSw&f ygrnf/
(3) vufcx H wk af y;ajypmZ,m;uGuw f iG f vufcxH wk af y; ajypmrsm;\eHygwfrsm; udk
jznfph u G &f ygrnf/
(4) ta&twGufZ,m;uGufü vufcH^xkwfay;^jzefYa0onfh ta&twGufukd
azmfjy&ygrnf/
(5) NrKdUe,fwyfaxmuf vufusefZ,m;uGufwGif pwkdvufusefta&twGufudk
azmfjy&ygrnf/
(6) uGuv f yftvGw(f 8)ckwiG rf l NrKUd e,ftwGi;f &Sd &Jpcef;rsm;udk vkt d yfovdk acgif;pOf
wyfNy;D 4if;wko Yd Ykd jzefjY zL;cJah om ta&twGuu f kd a&;rSw&f ygrnf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
44
(7) pkpkaygif;Z,m;uGufwGif NrKdUe,fwyfaxmufvufusefESihf&Jpcef;rsm;odkY jzefYa0
cJah om vufuset f a&twGuf pkpak ygif;udk azmfjy&ygrnf/
(8) rSwfcsufZ,m;uGufwGif NrKdUe,fjynfolU&JwyfzJGUrSL;\ vkdtyfonfh rSwfcsufrsm;
udk a&;om;&efyifjzpfygonf/
(9) v,f*smpm&Guw f idk ;f wGif wyfaxmuft&m&Su d ,
kd pf m; NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;
vufrw S af &;xk;d &ygrnf/
(10) ypön;f trsK;d udk v,f*smpm&Guw f pf&u
G w
f iG f a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
jynfe,f^wkid ;f ü vufaxmufjynfe,f^wkid ;f rsm;ü pm&if;xde;f odr;f jcif;
5/ jynfe,f^wdkif;ESihf vufaxmufjynfe,f^wdkif;rsm;wGif &Jypönf;xdef;vufpJGeuf 10^5^&J yg
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; ñTefMum;csuftwkdif; ,cifc½dkifESihfwkdif;rsm;wGif tokH;jyKvsuf&Sdaom v,f*sm
pm&if;pmtkyrf sm;ESifh rSwyf wHk ifrsm;twdik ;f qufvuftok;H jyKomG ;&ef jzpfygonf/
xkwaf y;jcif;^vufcjH cif;^xyfqifjh zefaY 0jcif;
6/ xkwaf y;jcif;?vufcjH cif;?xyfqifjh zefaY 0jcif;rsm;udk atmufygtwkid ;f aqmuf&u G &f ygrnf/
(u) jynfe,fwidk ;f ^vufaxmufjynfe,fwidk ;f rSjzefaY 0jcif;/ ypönf;rsm;udk jynfe,fwkdif;
vufaxmufjynfe,fwikd ;f rS rdrjd ynfe,f? wkid ;f ? vufaxmufjynfe,fwidk ;f twGi;f vkt d yf
rnfh ta&twGuu f kd oufqidk &f mrS awmif;cHí &&So d nft
h cgwGif &Jpcef;rsm;odYk wkud ½f u
kd f
jzefaY 0jcif;rjyKb?J NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;rsm;odoYk m xkwaf y;&rnf jzpfygonf/
(c) NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rS xyfqifjh zefaY 0jcif;/ NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;rsm;u xkwf,l
&&So d nfh ypön;f rsm;udk rdrt
d yk cf sKyrf aI tmuf&dS &Jpcef;rsm;odYk xyfqifjh zefaY 0 &rnfjzpfygonf/
,if;odYk aqmif&u G rf o
S mvQif vkyif ef;aqmif&u G cf suf rSeu
f efr&I NdS y;D tqifq
h ifh uGyu
f EJ idk rf I
&Srd nf jzpfygonf/
(*) txufygtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rSomvQif pm&if;ppfaq;ol txuft&m&Srd sm; taejzihf
vG,u f pl mG pm&if;ppfaq;jcif; vkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u G Ef idk rf nf jzpfygonf/
ppfaq;jcif;
7/ ppfaq;ykpH pfaq;enf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf -
(u) jynfe,fwidk ;f ESihf vufaxmufjynfe,fwidk ;f rS ppfaq;jcif;/ jynfe,fwidk ;f ESifh
vufaxmufjynfe,fwkdif; jynfolU&JwyfzJGUrSL;onf rdrdvufatmuf&Sd NrKdUe,frsm;ESihf
pcef;rsm;ppfaq;aomtcgwGif rdrw d yfaxmufwiG f zGiv fh pS xf m;aom wyfwiG ;f jzefaY 0ykH
Z,m;t&? NrKUd e,frsm;wGif pm&if;a&;oGi;f xm;rI rSeu f efjcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq; jcif;? NrKUd e,frsm;
rS &Jpcef;rsm;okdU xyfqifhjzefYa0ykHESifh wyfaxmufvufusefypönf;pk rSefuefrI &Sd^r&Sd
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
45
ppfaq;jcif;rsm; jyKvyk &f rnfjzpfygonf/xkt Yd wl pcef;rsm;tm; ppfaq;onft h cgwGiv f nf;
NrKUd e,frsm;rS jzefaY 0xm;aom ta&twGuf rSeu f efrI &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&ygrnf/&Jpcef;rsm;wGif
zGiv fh pS x
f m;aom v,f*smpm&if;pmtkyyf g ta&twGuEf iS fh vufuset f a&twGurf sm;
rSeu f efrI &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;Ny;D rSwcf suf Z,m;uGuw f iG v f ufrw S af &;xk;d Mu&rnf/
(c) NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;rS ppfaq;jcif;/ NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;onf
rdrv
d ufatmuf&dS &Jpcef;rsm;udpk pfaq;onft h cg NrKUd e,fwiG ;f jzefaY 0ykZH ,m;t& jzefaY 0
xm;aom ta&twGurf sm; &Jpcef;v,f*smpm&if;wGif a&;oGi;f jcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;jcif;?
v,f*smpm&if;yg ta&twGuEf iS fh ypön;f ta&twGuf uku d n f rD I &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;rIrsm;
jyKvyk &f ygrnf/ vufeufwu dk f rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyyf g vufeufeyH gwfEiS hf &Jpcef;wGif &Sad om
vufeufrsm;\ eHygwfrsm;udu k nf rD I &S^d r&Spd pfaq;Ny;D rSwcf suw f iG f vufrw S w
f kd a&;xk;d
&ygrnf/
(*) &Jpcef;rSL;rsm;rS ppfaq;jcif;/ &Jpcef;rSL;onf rdr&d pJ cef;&Sd vufeufEiS hf tjcm;&Jo;Hk ypön;f
rsm;udk pm&if;ta&twGuEf iS hf vufuset f a&twGuf rSeu f efrI &S^d r&Sd wpfvwpfBurd f
ppfaq
f ;&ygrnf/ ,if;odYk ppfaq;Ny;D rSwcf suw
f iG f vufrwS u
f dk a&;xk;d &ygrnf/
(C) txuft&m&Srd sm; a&Smifwcifppfaq;jcif;/ txuft&m&Srd sm; a&Smifwcif
ppfaq;&mwGif ypön;f rsm;tm;vk;H rSeu f efruI kd wpfBurd w f nf;ESifh ppfaq;&efrvdyk g/ xko d Ykd
ppfaq;ívnf; rjzpfEkdifyg/xkdYaMumifh (SPOT CHECK)omvQif vkyfMu &rnfjzpf
ygonf/(SPOT CHECK)ppfaq;ykH ppfaq;enf;udk atmufygtwkdif; aqmif&Guf
&ygrnf-
(1) &Jpcef;&Syd pön;f rsm;teufrS wpfBurd pf pfaq;vQif ypön;f wpfrsK;d ESprf sK;d ponfjzifh
ppfaq;&ygrnf/
(2) ppfaq;&ef a&G;cs,v f u dk o f nfh ypön;f udk vufawGUa&wGuf Munf&h ygrnf/
(3) vufawGUppfaq;a&wGuí f &aom ta&twGurf mS v,f*smpm&if;pmtkyf wGif
&Sdaom ta&twGufESihfukdufnDrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ygrnf/ rSefuefrI &Sdygu
vufrw S wf Edk iS fh aeYpuGJ kd a&;xk;d xm;&ygrnf/
tvkyw f m0ef0wå&m; vJaT jymif;vufcjH cif;
8/ &Jpcef;rSL;ESiNfh rKUd e,frLS ;rsm; tajymif;tvJw T iG f &Jypön;f qkid &f m ppfvufeufypön;f rsm;uddk vJaT jymif;
vufcjH cif;rsm; jyKvyk &f ygrnf?,if;odkY vJaT jymif;vufcrH rI sm; jyKvyk &f mü &Jpcef;rSL;ESihf NrKUd e,fjynfoUl
&JwyfzUGJ rSL;rsm; tajymif;tvJT jyKvyk o f nft h cgwGif vufco H El iS fh vJt
T yfol t&m&Sw d oYkd nf rdrw
d NYkd rKUd e,f^
&Jpcef;odYk xkwaf y;xm;aom vufeufc, J rf;rsm;ESifh &JwyfzUGJ ok;H ypön;f rsm;tm;vk;H udk taotcsm vuf&dS
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
46
ypön;f pm&if;aumuf,jl cif; jyKvyk í f ? wu,fv Y ufawGUppfaq;rIjyKvyk o f nft
h cg awGU&Sad om ypön;f rsm;udk
pm&if; jyKpNk y;D vQif NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;½k;H ^&Jpcef;wGif &Sad om ypön;f v,f*smpm&if;ESifh wku d q
f idk f
ppfaq;&ygrnf/ xko d Ykd ppfaq;Ny;D ppfaq;csuu f kd v,f*sm\ ausmbufü a&;om;í vJaT jymif;olEiS fh
vufco H (l 2)OD;wd\Yk vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;&ygrnf/
avmavmq,ftm;jzihf aqmif&u G &f ef
9/ avmavmq,ftm;jzifh azmfjyygv,f*smpm&if;ykpH rH sm;? rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyrf sm; jzefjY zL;Ekid af &; twGuf
pDrHaqmif&GufaeqJjzpfygojzihf ,if;pm&if;ykHpHrsm;ESihf rSwfykHwifrsm; r&&SdrDtwGif; pufvSdrfY puúLwGif
ykpH jH yKvyk í
f tok;H jyK&ef ñTeMf um;ygonf/
10/ jynfe,f^wdik ;f ESiv fh ufaxmufjynfe,f^wkid ;f jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;rsm;onf rdrw d jYkd ynfe,f^ wkid ;f
vufaxmufjynfe,fwkdif;twGif;&Sd &Jpcef;rSL;rsm;tm; þñTefMum;csufyg vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; udk
tao;pdwx f yfqifh ñTeMf um;&efEiS fh NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;rsm;onf rdrw
d v
Ykd ufatmuf&dS &Jpcef;rsm;tm;
ñTeMf um;csuyf g &Jpcef;taejzihf aqmif&u G &f ef vkyif ef;rsm;udk tao;pdw&f iS ;f vif; jyjcif;? oifwef;rsm;
ydcYk sjcif;rsm; jyKvyk &f ef ñTeMf um;tyfygonf/
11/ þñTeMf um;csuu f dk vufc&H &Sad Mumif; jyefMum;apvdyk gonf/
&JcsKyf (u p)
jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKyf
rdwLå ud-k
ausmif;tkyBf u;D ? A[kjd ynfoUl 0efxrf;ausmif;? azmifBu;D /
ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;?(vkyif ef;)jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy/f
ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;?(axmufy)Hh jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy/f
'k ñTeMf um;a&;rSL; (vkyif ef;)jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy/f
'k ñTeMf um;a&;rSL; (tkycf sKy)f jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy/f
'k ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;(axmufy)Hh jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy/f
'k &JrLS ; axmuf -2^c? jynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ XmecsKy/f
&Jtyk Bf u;D axmuf-2^c?1/ azmfjyyg ykpH rH sm; &&Sad &;ESifh jzefaY 0a&;twGuv
f t
kd yfovkd ta&;,l
aqmif&u G yf g/
yifrpmwJ/G
arQmpmwJ/G
vufcpH mwJ/G
uefo
Y wf
(aemufqufwGJ ]]* }})
pmrsuEf mS --------------------
&JaxmufyhHrS xkwfay;jcif; rjyKaom aomif;ajymif;ypönf;pm&if; (pcef;rSL; vufrw
S )f
ypön;f trsK;d trnf --------------------------
ypön;f trSwf -------------------------------
vufcH^xkwfay;
trSwfpOf aeY p G J taMumif;t&m &&S d xk w f a y; vufusef rSwfcsuf
ajypmtrSwf
uefo
uefo
47
Y wf
Y wf
vufeufwkduf rSwfykHwifpm&if; (aemufqufwGJ ]]]]C
C }})
NrKUd e,f --------------------------- vufeuftrsK;d tpm; ---------------------- &oihaf om ta&twGuf -----------------

&Jpcef;^&Juif; ------------------- vuf&dS ta&twGuf ---------------------
vufeuftrSwftom;rsm;
trSwfpOf trsKd;tpm; vufcH&&Sdonfh ajypmtrSwfESifh rSwfcsuf
ukd,fxnf ajymif ; armif ; wH aeY p G J
uefo
uefo
48
Y wf
Y wf
(aemufqufwGJ ]]i}} )
vufeufrsm; ,m,Dxkwfay;jcif; rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
NrKdUe,f --------------------
&Jpcef; --------------------
xkwf,loltrnf vufeuf xkwf,lol jyeftyfol

trSwfpOf vufeuftrsKdtpm; cJ , rf ; OD ; a& jyeftyfonfhaeY rSwfcsuf
ukd,fykdiftrSwf ukd,fxnftrSwf vufrSwf vufrSwf
uefo
uefo
49
Y wf
Y wf
(aemufqufwGJ ]]p}} )
vufeufrsm; tNrJxkwfay;jcif; rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
NrKUd e,f --------------------
&Jpcef; --------------------
xkw,f ol t l rnf vufeuf xkwf,lol jyeftyfol

trSwpf Of vufeuftrsKt
d pm; cJ,rf;OD;a& jyeftyfonfah eY rSwcf suf
uk,
d yf idk t
f rSwf uk,
d x
f nftrSwf vufrwS f vufrwS f
uefo
uefo
50
Y wf
Y wf
(aemufqufwGJ ]]]] q}
q}}} )
aeYpOf vufeuf^cJ,rf;wef;pDZ,m;
NrKdUe,f -------------------
uefo
uefo
51
Y wf
Y wf
(aemufqufwJG ]]]] Z}
Z}}} )
NrKdUe,fwGif;jzefYa0ykHZ,m;
ypön;f trsK;d trnf ---------------------------------- pmrsuEf mS ---------------------
ypön;f trSwf ----------------------------------- vufrw

S f ----------------------
(NrKeYd ,frLS ;)
vufc^H xkwaf y;ajypm NrKUd e,f
trSwpf Of aeYpJG wyfaxmuf pkpak ygif; rSwcf suf
ajypmtrSwf rS okdY vufusef
uefo
uefo
52
Y wf
Y wf
(aemufqufwGJ ]]c}} )
&JaxmufyHhrS xkwfay;aom &Jpcef;okH; taxGaxGypönf;okH;pm&if;
pmrsufESm --------------------
(pcef;rSL; vufrSwf)
ypönf;trsKd;trnf --------------------------
vufcH^xkwfay;
trSwfpOf aeY p G J taMumif;t&m &&S d xk w f a y; vufusef rSwfcsuf
uefo
uefo
53
Y wf
Y wf
(aemufqufwGJ ]]]]u
u }})
vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmuf ud&d,mrsm;pm&if;
pmrsuEf mS --------------------
(pcef;rSL; vufrw
S )f
ypön;f trsK;d trnf --------------------------
ypön;f trSwf -------------------------------
vufc^H xkwaf y;
trSwpf Of aeYpJG taMumif;t&m &&Sd xkwaf y; vufusef rSwcf suf
ajypmtrSwf
uefo
uefo
54
Y wf
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
55
rSwfykHwif (13)
&Jpcef;&Sdaomif;ajymif;rSwfwrf;ESihfpmwJGrsm;taMumif;
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJG tyd'k f 1395^1396)
EkdifiHawmftpdk;&ESihf jrefrmEkdifiH&JwyfzJGUXmecsKyfrS xkwfjyefaom qmMuLvmtrdefYrsm; zkdifwJGrSwfykHwif?
rSwyf w Hk if (1 (133)
Ekid if aH wmftpd;k &ESifh jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUGJ XmecsKyrf S xkwjf yefaom qmMuLvmtrderYf sm;udk zkid t f rSwf
13(u)wGif wJx G m;&rnf/ jynfe,f^wkid ;f ^c½kid ^f NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;rsm;rS xkwjf yefaom qmMuLvmtrdeYf
rsm;udk zkid t f rSwf 13(c)wGif wJx G m;&rnf/
zkid w f t GJ rSwf 13(u)
þqmMuLvmtrdeYf zdik w f w GJ iG f jrefrmEkid if aH wmftpk;d &ESihf jrefrmEkid if &H w
J yfzUGJ XmecsKy?f &JcsKy½f ;Hk rS
xkwfjyefaom qmMuLvmtrdefYrsm;udk zdkifwJGxm;&Sdonf/
zkid wf t GJ rSwf 13(c)
jynfe,fEiS w fh idk ;f c½kid &f wJ yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS xkwjf yefaom qmMuLvmtrderYf sm;ESifh NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;
½kH;rS xkwfjyefonfh qmMuLvmrsm;udk þzdkifwJGwGif wJGxm;&rnf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
qmMuLvmtrdefYrsm;udk &Jpcef;rsm;wGif tpOfvdkufxm;&SdNyD; tNrJwrf;vdkufemMu&onf/
xkdtrdefYrsm;wGif ESpfpOf ESpfprSpí tpOftvkduf trSwfpOfrsm;wyfNyD; ay;ydkYNrJ jzpfojzihf trSwfpOf
twdkif;r&&Sdonfh vkdtyfaeaom qmMuLvmtrdefYrsm;ukd oufqkdif&modkY wifjytpD&ifcHí awmif;cH
&rnf/qmMuLvmtrdefYrsm;udk atmufazmfjyyg rmwduma&;om;í tpDtpOftwdkif; a&;om;&ef
vkt d yfygonf/
rSwyf w Hk if (13) (u) ESifh (13)(c)rmwdumpOf
qmMuLvmtrdefY eHygwfESifh
tpOfeHygwf pmygtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmtñTef;
aeY p J G
&Jpcef;rSL;onf qmMuLvmtrderYf sm; tay:wGif vku d ef maqmif&u G &f rnfh t&m&SEd iS hf tjcm; tqihf
wyfzJGU0ifrsm;tm; trdefYudk od&Sdem;vnf oabmaygufaMumif;udk oufqkdifolwkdY\ vufrSwf rsm;udk
a&;xk;d xm;apNy;D xku
d oYJ Ykd zwfjy&Si;f vif;aMumif;udk &Jpcef;&Sd t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw
S w f rf; rSwyf w Hk if (4)wGif
a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/ (&JpJG 'k-1395 )
uefoY wf
uefo Y wf
56
qmMuLvmtrdew Yf pfc\
k jyifqifcsuu f kd qmMuLvmtrdeYf topfjzifh xkwjf yefay;rnf jzpfonf/
xktd rdet Yf opfukd trSwpf Oftvku d f wnf&adS om tpOfwiG yf if zkid w
f x
GJ m;&S&d rnf/ rlv qmMuLvmtrdeu Yf kd
zkdifwJGrS xkwfy,frxm;&? odkYaomfvnf; jyifqifcJhonfh qmMuLvmtrdefY pmrsufESm(4)wGif
jyifqifcsuq f mMuLvmtrdet Yf opf trSwpf Ofukd &nfñeT ;f í jyifqifaMumif; y,fzsuaf Mumif; az:jy&rnf/
( &JpJG 'k-1396 )
rSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfth csed u
f mv
þrSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkyf 13(u)? 13(c) pmMuLvmtrderYf sm;ukd rzsuq f ;D Ekid ?f tNrx
J m;&S&d rnf/
(&Jp'JG k - 1330)
rSwfykHwif (14)
taxGaxGtrdefYrsm;zdkifwJG
jynfe,f^wkid ;f ^c½kid ^f NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rsm;rS xkwjf yefaom trderYf sm;udk wpfpw k pfaygif;wnf;
tpOftvku d f wJx G m;Ekid &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifukd tok;H jyK&ygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
taxGaxGtrdefYrsm;onf tcdsefumvwkdawmif;aom tcsdefrsm;twGufom vkyfaqmif&ef
twGuf oufqidk af omaMumifh 4if;taxGaxG trderYf sm;udk qmMuLvmtrderYf sm;ESihf a&maESmxm;&Sjd cif;
rjyK&yg? oD;jcm;xm;&S&d ygrnf/qmMuLvmtrderYf sm;rSm tNrv J u
dk ef m&onft
h rderYf sm; jzpfygonf/ taxG
axGtrderYf sm;ukd taxGaxGtrde[ Yf k acgif;pOfwyfí &Jpcef;okYd oD;jcm;trSwpf Ofrsm;jzihx f wk qf ifh &onf/
xkduJYodkY trSwfpOfoD;jcm;ay;&jcif;rSm &Jpcef;odkY vma&mufppfaq;onfh t&m&Sdrsm;onf trSwfpOf
tvku d f jynfph rHk &I adS Mumif;ESifh xkwq
f ifah om tm;vk;H onf taxGaxGtrderYf sm; &&Srd I &S^d r&Sd udk tvG,w f ul
ppfaq;od&EdS idk rf nf jzpfygonf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1397)
taxGaxGtrderYf sm;udk oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;rsm;odYk jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS wku d ½f u dk f ay;ydNYk y;D
pmwpfapmifukd oufqidk &f m NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H xHoYdk ay;ykyYd gonf/&Jpcef;wGif &&Sad omtcg xdt k rderYf sm;udk
tpOftvkduf zkdifwJGxm;&Sd&ygrnf/ okdY&mwGif trIrsm;ESifh oufqkdifonfh trdefYrsm;udkrl oufqkdif&m
trIwJGrsm;wGif twlwJGxm;&rnf/þuJYodkY wJGxm;vQif zdkifwJG&Sd aemufqkH;trdefYpm ausmbufwGif
(taxGaxG trdepYf mtrSw-f -------------)udyk xrowif;wkid cf suf trSw(f ------) trIww GJ iG f wJx G m;
aMumif; azmfjyvufrSwf a&;xdk;xm;&rnf? þuJYodkY a&;oGif;&jcif;onf aemiftcgwGif &nfñTef;csuf
tvG,w f ul &SmazGEidk af p&ef jzpfygonf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1398)
( jypfrI 61 ))ykpH jH zihf trINy;D jywfcsuf trsK;d trnf rsm;jym;aom taxGaxGtrderfY sm;udk þzdik w f GJ
wGif twlwuG wJx G m;&rnf? odaYk omfvnf; 4if;trderYf sm;rS oufqidk o f nfh xkwEf KS wcf surf sm;ESiw fh uG
uefoY wf
uefo
Y wf
57
trdet Yf rSww f u Ykd kd qkid &f m yxrowif;ay;wkid cf suf pmtkyv f ufcjH zwfyikd ;f ay:&Sd aemufq;Hk Z,m;uGuf
trIq;Hk jzwfcsuaf e&mwGif azmfjya&;om;&rnf/( &JpJG 'k - 1398 )
tjcm;txuft&m&Sdrsm;\ xkwfjyefaom taxGaxGtrdefYrsm;udk zkdifwJGwpfoD;wpfjcm;pD
zGihfvSpfxm;&Sd&rnf/Oyrm-NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;\ taxGaxGtrdefYrsm; zdkifwJG? pcef;rSL;\ taxGaxG
trderYf sm;zkid w
f [GJ í l a&;zGix fh m;&ef jzpfygonf/ ( &JpJG 'k - 1399 )
taxGaxG trdefYrsm;onf wpfESpfywfvkH;twGufqdkvQif tqrwef rsm;jym;vmrnfjzpfaom
aMumifh tvkd&Sdonfh &nfñTef;csufrsm;tm; tvG,fwul &SmazGawGU&SdEkdifapjcif;iSm &nf&G,fí yxr
(6)vywfwiG f zkid wf w GJ pfcEk iS hf 'kw,
d (6)vywftwGuf zdik w
f w
GJ pfck aygif;zdik w
f EGJ pS cf u
k kd cJjG cm;a&;zGifh ygu
ydkrdkí aumif;rGefrnf jzpfygonf/odkY&mwGif NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;? pcef;rSL;wkdY\ taxGaxGtrdefYrsm;udkrl
cJjG cm;xm;&efrvkyd g? wpfEpS v f ;Hk twGuf wpfpw
k pfaygif;wnf; zkid w
f x
GJ m;&rnf jzpfygonf/
taxGaxGtrderYf sm;udk atmufygtwkid ;f rmwdumtpOfjzihf a&;oGi;f xm;&ef vkt d yfygonf/
rmwdumtpOf
½kH;taxGaxGtrdefYpm
tpOfeHygwf pmygtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmtñTef;
eHygwfESifh aeYpJG
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&Srd nfh tcsed u

f mv
taxGaxGtrderYf sm;zdik w
f uGJ kd aemufq;Hk trdepYf m&&So
d nfh aeY&ufrS wpfEpS jf ynfah omtcg zsuq
f ;D
Ekid cf iG &fh ydS gonf/( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f -1330 )
rSwfykHwif (15)
ay;pmvufcHzkdifwJG
&Jpcef;rS tjcm;Xmersm;? NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H odYk ay;ydo
Yk nfh vufcpH m rl&if;cJrG sm;udk pepfwus
rSww
f rf;wifzikd w
f GJ xm;&S&d eftwGuf jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
&Jpcef;rsm;rS ay;ydaYk om pmrsm;udk rifcpH uúLjzihf ESpaf pmifwaGJ &;om;Ny;D vQif rifcpH uúLjzifh a&;om;
uefo Y wf
uefoY wf
58
xm;aom vufcpH m rl&if;cJu G kd þzdik w
f w GJ iG f wJx
G m;&ygonf/tpD&ifcpH mrsm;udk ESppf Of ESppf rStp jyKí
trSwpf Ofrsm; tpOftvdu k f azmfjyoGm;&ygrnf/ tpD&ifcpH m trSwpf Ofrsm; a&;om;azmfjyxm; aomfvnf;
tpD&ifcpH mrsm; ay;ydo
Yk nft h cg acsmpmrsm;udk rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;rjyKvyk b
f J ay;ydjYk cif; rjyKvyk &f yg/
ay;pmvufczH ikd w f u GJ kd atmufygtwkid ;f rmwdumtpOfjzifh a&;oGi;f xm;&S&d ef vdt k yf ygonf/
rmwdumtpOf
½k;H taxGaxGtrdepYf m
tpOfeyH gwf pmygtaMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS tñTe;f
eHygwfEiS hf aeYpGJ
tpD&ifcHpm a&;om;&mü &JvufpJGwGif rnfodkYrnfykH a&;om;azmfjy&rnf[k wdusonfhjyXmef;

csurf sm; azmfjyxm;jcif; r&Sad omfvnf; atmufygtcsurf sm;udk *½kjyKí vdu k ef maqmif&u G o f ifh ygonf-
(u) tpD&ifcpH a&;om;&mü ay;yd&Yk rnfh t&m&S\ d &mxl;? vdypf mtjynft h pkEH iS fh ae&yf? wdjYk yif
rnfonft h &m&Srd w S pfqifh ponft h csurf sm;(vdt k yfygu)/
( c ) rdrd\ txuft&m&SdxH tpD&ifcHvQif ½kdaopGm? av;pm;pGm ponfh ,Ofaus;rI tokH;
tEIe;f rsm;udk vufrvTwo f ihyf g/
( * ) tpD&ifcpH monf txuf½;Hk rsm;ESifh XmetoD;oD;\ &nfñeT ;f csurf sm;udk azmfjy&ef vkt d yf
ygonf/rnfonfah eYpyGJ g rnfonfXh me? trdepYf mtrSww f u Ykd kd azmfjy&ef/
(C) taMumif;t&mudk twkcd sKyf &nfñeT ;f vsuf azmfjyvQif ydrk akd umif;rGeyf gonf/taMumif;
t&m azmfjycsufrsm;udk zwfcsifpzG,fjzpfatmif wwftm;oa&GU tydk'fi,frsm; cJGjcm;
azmfjyyg/
( i ) Z,m;uGurf sm;jzihf azmfjyay;&ef vdt k yfu Z,m;uGujf zihf azmfjy&Si;f vif;ay;yg/
( p ) tpD&ifcpH mtqk;H wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d ol\ trnf? &mxl;? ae&yfwu Ykd kd azmfjya&;om;
Ny;D ud,k wf idk v
f ufrw S af &;xk;d í aeYpx GJ nfah y;yg/
(q) ay;ydo Yk nfh acsmtrSwf ESihf &ufp/GJ
( Z ) tjcm;yl;wJaG y;ydo Yk nfh pm&Gupf mwrf; ykpH v H ufrw S rf sm;? ajypmrsm; pm&if;udk vuf0b J uf
atmufydkif;uGufvyfwGif azmfjy&rnf/owfykHrSefuefpGmjzihf a&;om;&efvnf; vkdtyf
ygonf/
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u f mv
ay;pmvufczH ikd wf uGJ kd (3)ESpjf ynfah jrmufaom tcg zsuq f ;D Ekid cf iG &fh ydS gonf/ (&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG
tyd'k -f 1330 )
uefoY wf
uefo
Y wf
59
rSwfykHwif (16)
acsmpmay;ydkYjcif;\ rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
þrSwyf wHk ifpmtkyu f kd &Jpcef;ESi&fh u
J if;rsm;wGif xm;&S&d jcif;rSm &Jpcef;rsm;ESi&fh u
J if;rsm;rS ay;ydo
Yk nfh
pmrsm;udk þpmtkyw f iG f vufc&H &So d u l pepfwus rSww f rf;wif xm;&SEd idk &f eftwGuf jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þpmtkyfudk &Jpcef;rsm;ESifh &Juif;rsm;wGif xm;&Sdonf? &Jpcef;rsm;ESihf &Juif;rsm;rS ay;ydkYonfh
pmrsm;udk þpmtkyw f iG af csmrSwrf sm;wyfí ay;yd&Yk onf/ pmrsm;udk vlu, kd w
f ikd af y;yd&Yk ef ,laqmifomG ;
onfhtcg vufcH&,loGm;ol\ vufrSwfukd þpmtkyf\ aemufqkH;Z,m;uGufwGif pmrsm;vufcH
&&Sad Mumif; vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnf/
rSwfykHwif (16) (u)

NrKdUwGif; acsmpmrsm; ay;ydkYonfh rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
&Jpcef;rS &Jpcef;wnf&&dS m NrKUd wGi;f odYk ay;yd&Yk ef &Sad om pmrsm;tm; ay;ydjYk cif;twGuf pepfwus
a&;oGi;f &efjzpfonf/a&;oGi;f rnfh þpmtkyu f kd taxGaxG 12 ykpH jH zifh tok;H jyKNy;D NrKUd wGi;f odYk ay;yd&Yk efpm
rsm;jym;onfh &Jpcef;rsm;wGif þpmtkyu f kd xm;&So d nf/þpmtkyu f kd pmay;a0olwyfzUGJ 0ifu ,laqmif
oGm;Ny;D pmrsm;udk vufc&H &So d rl sm;u vufc&H &Sad Mumif; aemufq;Hk Z,m;uGuw f iG f vufrw S af &;xk;d &onf/
NrKdUwGif;acsmpmrsm; ay;ydkYonfh pmtkyfudk okH;ESpfjynfhajrmufaomtcg zsufqD;EkdifcGihf&Sdygonf/
rSwfykHwif (17)
acsmpmay;ydkYonfh wHqdyfacgif;okH; rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
þrSwyf wHk ifpmtkyu f dk &Jpcef;rsm;wGif xm;&S&d jcif;rSm tpd;k &pmydYk wHqyd af cgif;ukeu f sp&dwf wefz;kd
wdu
Yk kd pepfwus rSww f rf;wifxm;Ekid &f ef jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þpmrsuEf mS wkid ;f ü Z,m;uGu(f 5)uGuyf g&SNd y;D 4if;pm&Gu\ f xdyw f iG f vufuse&f adS om tpk;d &pmydYk
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
60
wHqdyfacgif;wefzdk;xnfhoGif;í azmfjy&NyD; rifeDjzifha&;om;&ygonf/pmrsufESmatmufbufwGif
vufusew f qH yd af cgif;wefz;dk rnfrQ&adS Mumif;udk azmfjyNy;D use&f o dS nfh wHqyd af cgif;wefz;kd ESihf vufusef
wHqyd af cgif;wefz;dk rsm; udu k n f jD cif;&Srd &Sd ppfaq;&ef vdt k yfygonf/vufusew f q
H yd af cgif;rsm;\ wefz;kd udk
aemufxyfa&;oGi;f onfh pmrsuEf mS \ twGi;f bufwiG f rifejD zihaf &;om;azmfjyNy;D NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS
xkwaf y;&&Sad om wHqyd af cgif;wefz;kd rsm;udk ½k;H trdet Yf rSwf aeYprGJ sm;azmfjyí rifejD zifh a&;oGi;f azmfjy&ef
vkt d yfayonf/odrYk o S mvQif ppfaq;&mü vG,u f rl nfjzpfygonf/
vpOf vukefonfh tcgwkdif; tpdk;&wHqdyfacgif;rsm; vufusefavsmYenf;aevQif jyefvnf
jznfo h iG ;f &ef NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL; ½k;H odYk awmif;cH&rnf/odaYk omf wHqyd af cgif;rsm; ok;H pJu G ek u
f srI rsm;jym;ojzifh
vkaH vmufjcif;r&Sad omf rnfonft h cgwGirf qkd wifjyawmif;cHEidk yf gonf/tpd;k &wHqyd af cgif;rsm; awmif;cH
aomtcg wHqdyfacgif;rsm;udk ygq,fxkyfrsm; ydkY&eftwGufaomfvnf;aumif;? aMu;eef;½kduf&ef
twGuaf omf vnf;aumif;? pmrsm;yd&Yk eftwGuaf omfvnf;aumif; ok;H pJ&G ef wefz;kd tenf;trsm;udk csichf sed f
axmuf&SLí vkdoavmufwefzdk;rsm;udk wifjyawmif;cH&rnf/þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfudk taMumif;wpfpkH
wpf&mjzihf &Jpcef;ESi&fh u J if;pcef;wdrYk S jyifyokYd ,laqmifomG ;jcif;rjyK&? pmrsm;udk ay;&efjzpfap pmwdu k w f iG f
xnfh&efjzpfap ,laqmifoGm;&ol&JwyfzJGU0ifonf pmrsm;udk,laqmifoGm;&onfhtcgwkdif; aemufqkH;
Z,m;uGuw f iG f pmrsm;vufc&H &Sad Mumif; vufrw S xf ;kd í ,laqmifomG ;&rnf/(&JpJG 'k - 1402 )
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd ok;H ESpjf ynfah jrmufaomtcg zsuq f ;D Ekid cf iG &fh ydS gonf/ (&JpJG 'k - 1330 )
rSwfykHwif (18)
&JwyfzUGJ rS aqmufvyk Mf unf&h x I m;&onfh taqmuftOD;rsm; zdik w f GJ
jrefrmEkdifiH&JwyfzJGUrS aqmufvkyfMunfh&Ixm;&onfh taqmuftOD;rsm;\ jzpfpOfrsm;? jyifqif
jcif;rsm; ponfwu Ykd kd pepfwus rSww f rf;wif xm;&SEd idk &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifukd &Jpcef;wGif xm;&S&d jcif;
jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
(u) þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd ( &JvufpyGJ xrwJt G yd'k f (298) )wGif azmfjyxm;onfh &JwyfzUGJ rS
aqmufvkyfí Munfh&SLapmihfa&Smufxm;&aom taqmuftOD;rsm;\ pm&if;rl&if;cJGudk
oufqdkif&m &Jpcef;odkYr[kwf &Juif;pcef;wGif xm;&Sd&rnf/ESpfpOfESpfpü þzdkifwJGudk
taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;xnhf oGi;f &efEiS fh NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H wGif xm;&So d nfh rSwyf Hk
wif(48)ESiw fh u
kd qf idk f ppfaq;Munf&h LS &ef ay;ydYk &ygrnf/xku d o YJ Ydk NrKUd e,f&w
J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H &Sd
rSwyf w Hk if(48)ESihf wdu k qf idk pf pfaq;Ny;D vdt
k yfonfh taMumif;t&mopfrsm;udk xnfo h iG ;f
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
61
a&;om;í oufqikd &f m&Jpcef;odYk jyefvnfay;yd&Yk ygonf/&Joifwef;ausmif;rsm; ESio hf ;D oefY
&Jpcef;rsm;wGif þrSwfykHwifudk xm;&Sd&ef rvdkyg/&Jpcef;rSL;onf taqmuftOD;rsm;
jyifqif&eftwGuf ukeu f srnfch ef;rSe;f acs aiGpm&if;rsm;udk wify&Ykd onft h cgwkid ;f jyifqif
&rnfyh pön;f taqmuftOD;rsm;\ trSwpf Ofwu Ykd kd a&;om;azmfjy&yg rnf/
(c) þpmtkyw f iG f tok;H jyKonfyh pHk rH mS (tkycf sKyaf &; (83) )ykpH jH zpfygonf/þykpH w H iG f (BCR)
ac: &JwyfzUGJ pm&if;0if ,m,DtaqmuftOD;rsm;udo k m a&;oGi;f &Ny;D (BWD)ac: qvu
ESifhtkd;tdrfOD;pD;XmewdkYrS aqmufvkyfonfh taqmuftOD;rsm;twGuf r[kwfaMumif;
owdjyK&rnf/þykpH w H iG f tydik ;f (2)ydik ;f cJjG cm;azmfjyxm;ygonf/yxr tydik ;f onf &Juif;
pcef;&Sd ,m,DtaqmuftOD;rsm;twGuf tokH;jyKazmfjy&efjzpfNyD; 'kwd,tykdif;onf
&Jpcef;&S, d m,DtaqmuftOD;rsm;twGuf tok;H jyK&aom ykpH H jzpfygonf/þykpH yH g tydik ;f
2 ykid ;f vk;H &Sd Z,m;uGurf sm;rSm wlnrD &I adS omfvnf; &Juif; pcef;rsm;twGuf tok;H jyKonfh
yxrtykid ;f \ Z,m;uGu(f 2)wGif taqmuftOD; trsK;d trnfEiS afh jrae&m tao;pdwf
wdkYudk azmfjy&ef &Sdygonf/tb,fYaMumifhqkdaomf &Jpcef;onf tNrJr[kwf/ajrae&m
odr;f ,lí ,m,DtpDtpOfjzifh zGiv hf pS x f m;jcif;jzpfí ,ckuo YJ Ykd ajrae&mtao;pdwf azmfjy
&jcif;jzpfygonf/þpmtkyw f iG -f
(1) tpOfeyH gwf/
(2) taqmuftODtrsK;d tpm;ESiafh jrae&m/
(3) ta&twGu/f
(4) aqmufvyk o f nfah eYp/GJ
(5) rlvwefz;dk /
(6) jyifqifonfah eYp/GJ
(7) ]]rSwcf su}f }tp&So d nfh acgif;pOfrsm;twkid ;f a&;oGi;f &ygonf/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f jyif &Jpcef;½k;H ESiv hf al etdrf taqmuftODrsm;tm;vk;H wnf&o dS nfh
ajrykH wpfckudk a&;qJGxm;&rnf/xkdYjyif taqmuftOD;wpfck\&mZ0ifrSwfwrf;
zGixhf m;&eftwGuf taqmuftODwpfcpk w D idk ;f &mZ0ifrw S w f rf;wpfck zGix
hf m;&ef vkt d yf
ygonf/
&JþrSwyf w
Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd rnfonht f cgrS zsuq f ;D jcif;rjyK& xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnf/(&JpJG 'k - 1330)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
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62
rSwfykHwif (19)
vufc&H &So d nfh ykEH ydS xf w k af 0aom pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ESipfh mtkyrf sm;rSwyf w Hk if
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f &Jpcef;ü vufc&H &So d nfh Oya'pmtkyrf sm;? vufpOGJ ya'rsm;ESifh Ekid if aH wmf
tpd;k &rS ykEH ySd x
f w
k af 0onfh tjcm;pmtkypf mwrf;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;rsm;udk xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy xde;f odr;f
Ekid &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifukd xm;&S&d jcif; jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
(u) toHk;jyKaom ykHpHrSm tkyfcsKyfa&;(103)ykHpHjzpfygonf/þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfukd NrKdUe,f
&JwyfzJGUrSL;½kH;? &Jpcef;? &Juif;pcef;rsm;ESihf&Joifwef;ausmif;rsm;ü xm;&Sd&ygonf/þ
rSwfykHwifpmtkyfwGif vufcH&&Sdonfh Oya'pmtkyfrsm;? vufpJGOya'pmtkyfrsm;ESifh
EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u ykHESdyfxkwfa0aom tjcm;pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;udk
xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy&eftwGuf Z,m;uGuf (1)rS (7)xd a&;oGi;f &ygonf/ykEH ydS x f w k af 0&aom
pmwrf;rsm;ESijhf yifqifcsurf sm;udk rnfonft h cgwGif vufc&H &Sad Mumif;udk azmfjyEkid &f ef
twGuf þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfwGif Z,m;uGufoD;jcm;xm;&Sdygonf/ xkdokdY a&;oGif;jcif;
jyKvyk &f eftwGuf Z,m;uGuf (8)rS (11)txd a&;oGi;f &ygonf/ykEH ydS f xkwaf 0onfh pmwrf;
wpfapmiftwGujf yifqifcsurf sm; vufc&H &Sad Mumif; xnfo h iG ;f a&;om;Ekid af pjcif;iSm þ
rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f ae&mvGwrf sm; csev f yS x
f m;&ygrnf/taMumif;t&m Z,m;uGuf
trSwf (12) wGif tok;H r0ifawmYonfh ykEH ydS f xkwaf 0aom pmwrf;rsm;udk zsuq f ;D aMumif;
rSwcf suaf &;om;azmfjyí a&;oGi;f xm;onfh pmwrf;rsm;trnfay:wGif csucf si;f zsuyf pf&
rnf/jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sw d pfO;D OD;u zsuq f ;D &eftrdeaYf y;rSomvQif zsuq f ;D Ekid of nf/zsuq f ;D
Ekid af Mumif;udk Z,m;(12)wGif a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/ ESppf OfEpS pf Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif ESppf Of
ay;ydNYk rJ vuf&pdS mtkyaf ygif;pm&if;udk (tkycf sKyaf &;-103)ykpH H tvGww f pfcw k iG f a&;om;
jznfo h iG ;f í NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rSwyf w
Hk iftrSw(f 29)ESifh wdu k q f idk pf pfaq;Ekid &f ef twGuf
ay;yd&Yk ygrnf/ay;ydaYk om pm&if;wGif tok;H r0ifawmYí zsuq f ;D vdu k af om ykEH ydS x f wk af 0
onfh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; taMumif;tcsuftvufazmfjy&ygrnf/rnfonfh t&m&Sdu
rnfonfh taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh zsuq f ;D &ef trdeaYf y;aMumif;udv k nf; azmfjyxm;&yg
rnf/þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtky\ f pmrsuEf mS wpfrsuEf mS wGif pmtkypf mwrf; trsK;d trnf 3 ck
xufyí kd a&;oGi;f jcif;rjyK&yg/
&JþrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd rnfonht f cgrS zsuq f ;D jcif;rjyK& xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnf/(&JpJG 'k - 1330)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
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63
rSwfykHwif 19 ( u )
txl;vQKdU0Sufaom owif;rsm;ESifhqkdifonfh zkdifwGJ
(&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1404 - c )
þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\&nf&, G cf suf
þzkid w
f t
JG m; txl;vQKUd 0Suo f wif;rsm; rSwwf rf;rsm; NrKUd e,f&w
J yfzUJG rSL;&k;H rS &&So
d nfh vQKUd 0Supf m&Guf
pmwrf;rsm;tm;vk;H wku Yd dk þrSwyf wHk ifwiG f xnfoh iG ;f xm;Ny;D &Jpcef;rSL;ud, k w f idk f vkNH cKaH tmif xde;f odr;f
apmifah &Smuf&rnf/þrSwyf w Hk ifukd atmufygtwkid ;f rmwdumpOfjzihf a&;oGi;f xm;&ygrnf-
rmwdumpOf
trSwf vQKdU0SuftrdefYpm pmygtaMumif; pmrsufESm
pOf eH y gwf E S i h f & uf p J G t&m tñTef;
&JþrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u

f mv
þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfudk rnfonhftcgrS zsufqD;jcif;rjyK&/ tNrJxm;&Sd&rnf/okdY&mwGif NrKdUe,f
&JwyfzUJG rSL;onf þzkid w
f w JG iG f wGx
J m;onfph m&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ukd ppfaq;Munh&f í
I zsuq
f ;D ypf&ef wm0ef&dS
onf/(&JpJG 'k - 1330)
rSwfykHwif 19 ( c )
owif;tpDt&ifcpH mrsm;ESio hf ufqidk af om vQKUd 0Suo
f nfzh idk w
f JG
(&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1404 - * )
þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\&nf&, G cf suf
NrKUd e,f&wJ yfzUGJ rSL;xHoYkd ay;ydo Yk nfh &Jpcef;rSL;\ vQKUd 0Suaf om owif;tpD&ifcpH mrsm;\ vufcpH m
rsm;udk þzdik wf w
GJ iG f &Jpcef;rSL;ud,k w f ikd f xde;f odr;f Ny;D vkNH cKaH tmif aomYcwfxed ;f odr;f xm;&rnf/þzdik w
f u
GJ kd
atmufygtwkid ;f rmwdumtpOfrsm;jzifh a&;oGi;f xm;&ef vdt k yfygonf-
rmwdumpOf
trSwf vQKdU0Sufowif;tpD&ifcHpm pmygtaMumif; pmrsufESm

pOf eH y gwf E S i h f & uf p J G t&m tñTef;
uefo
Y wf
uefo
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64
yxrowif;ay;wkdifcsuf? trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;? aemufqkH;tpD&ifcHcsufESifhpGJcsufpmcsyfrsm;
a&;om;xm;jcif;
yxrowif;ay;wkdifcsufrSwfykHwif ( 20 )
yxrowif;ay;wkid cf supf mtky(f jypfrI 15 ^&J 34)ykpH rH mS jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 154 t&
jyXmef;owfrw S x
f m;onfh rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyjf zpfonf/4if;yk'rf wGif jyXmef;xm;csurf mS ]]&Jta&;,lydkifcGihf}}
&Sad om jypfrw I pf&yfusL;vGejf cif;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh owif;ay;wkid cf suw f idk ;f udk jrefrmEkid if &H w
J yfzUGJ pcef;rSL;
wpfOD;xH ESKwfjzihfay;cJhvQif xkdt&m&Sdudk,fwkdifjzpfap? 4if;\ñTefMum;csuft&jzpfap? pmjzihf a&;rSwf
&rnft h jyif owif;ay;oltm; jyefzwfjy&rnf/xkjYd yif pmjzihaf &;om;ay;onfjzpfap? txufwiG f qkcd hJ
onft h wkid ;f pmjzihaf &;rSw,f &l onfjzpfaptqkyd gowif;ay;csuw f idk ;f wGif owif;ay;olu vufrw S f
a&;xk;d &rnf/xkjd yif þudpt ö vdiYk mS Ekid if aH wmfor®wu owfrw S x
f m;onfyh pHk t H wkid ;f tqkyd g &Jt&m&Su d
xm;&S&d rnfph mtkyw f iG f xko
d wif;\tusO;f csKyu f kd xnfo
h iG ;f a&;rSwxf m;&rnf/(&JpGJ'k - 1411)
a&;oGi;f enf;
yxrowif;ay;wkid cf supf mtkyw f iG f trIpwifa&;zGio fh nfh trIpm&if;rmwdumxm;&S&d ef vdt k yfyg
onf/okrYd o S mvQif wkid w f ef;onft h rIrsm;udk &nfñeT ;f &ef vG,u f rl nfjzpfonf/yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;
csurf &l if;pm&Guu f kd trIww GJ iG f wJx G m;Ny;D pJcG su(f odrYk [kw)f aemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH may;ydo Yk nft h cgrsm;wGif
twlwí GJ vdt k yfovkd yl;wJaG y;yd&Yk ygrnf/rl&if;cJrG mS owif;ay;wkid cf surf w S yf w Hk if pmtkyw f iG f use&f adS ernf?
trINy;D jywfaomtcg rl&if;cJyG pHk &H dS oufqidk &f mZ,m;uGuw f iG f trIrnfuo YJ Ykd Ny;D qk;H aMumif;udk a&;oGi;f
xm;&ygrnf/ ( &JpJG 'k-1412 )
yxrowif;ay;wkid cf sut f a&;,l&mwGif owif;ay;ol\ESKwx f u G pf um;twkid ;f rl&if;tay:wGif
a&;,lí rl&if;uGu J dk wpfBurd w f nf;&,lEidk &f ef rifcpH uúLukd tok;H jyK &rnf/pmrsuEf mS wpf&u G w f iG f owif;
ay;csuu f dk a&;,lírNy;D qk;H vQif aemuftrSwpf Ofwl rl&if;ESirhf &l if;uGaJ y:wGif txufygenf;twkid ;f quf
vufa&;om;&rnf/rnfonfhtcgrS tjcm;pm&GuftvGwfrsm;ay:wGif qufvufta&;,ljcif; rjyK&/
owif;ay;csuu f dk a&;rSw, f x l m;onht f wkid ;f owif;ay;em;vnfatmif zwfajymí 4if;tm; rl&if;ESihf
rl&if;uGaJ y:&Sd owif;ay;csuaf tmufwiG f vufrw S af &;xk;d ap&rnf/pmrwwfvQif vuf0J vufrESyd , f Nl y;D
4if;owif;ay;csuu f dk a&;rSw, f al om &Jt&m&SEd iS o hf wif;ay;wkid cf suu f dk vufco H pl cef;rSL;rSvnf; vufrw S f
a&;xk;d &rnf/pmjzifo h wif;ay;wkid w f ef;vQif wkid pf mwGif wkid Mf um;ol\vufrw S yf g&Sad p&rnf/wkid pf mtm;
rnfox l rH S rnfoaYdk y;ykí Yd vufc&H &Sad Mumif; aeYpOfrw S w
f rf; rSwyf w Hk if(4)wGif a&;om;az:jyí wkid cf suf
pmtkyw f iG f a&;ul;Ny;D a&;ul;olu xyfqifv h ufrw S af &;xk;d í owif;csuaf &;zGi&hf rnf/wkid Mf um;pmukd
wkid pf mrl&if;ykpH wH iG f twlwx JG m;&rnf/aMu;eef;pmjzifh ay;ykw Yd idk w
f ef;vQiv f nf; txufygenf;twkid ;f
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aqmif&u G &f rnf/w&m;vkrd S ck;d &mygypön;f tjynft h pkH yko H @mefudk az:jywkid w f ef;vQiv f nf; xkt d wkid ;f
a&;rSw, f &l rnf/owif;ay;ol w&m;vkt d m; uk, d w f idk of o d nfo h wif; wqifMh um;owif;[lí owif;
ay;csuaf &;rSwo f u l cGjJ cm;ar;jref;&rnf/owif;ay;csuaf &;rSw, f &l mwGif rnfonft h pdwt f ykid ;f onf
wqifMh um;jzpfaMumif; xif&mS ;pGm az:jy&rnf/ESppf wkid ;f wGif owif;ay;wkid cf surf w S yf wHk ifpmtkyu f dk trSwf
pOftopfay;í pwifa&;om;&rnf/trIudk pcef;rSL;uk, d w f idk f pkpH rf;ppfaq;rnfjzpfap? vufatmuft&m&Sd
tm; pkpH rf;ppfaq;&efvt JT yfonfjzpfap ppfaq;ol\trnfEiS &hf mxl;ukd oufqidk &f mZ,m;uGuw f iG f pcef;rSL;
uk, d w f idk af &;rSw&f rnf/
jypfru I sL;vGeo f u l dk rSwrf ad Mumif;ajymvQif wkid cf suw f iG f usL;vGeo f \l yko
H @mefudk a&;rSw&f rnf/
ta&;Bu;D onfh &mZ0wfjypfrBI u;D rsm;jzpfvQif owif;ay;wkid cf suyf pHk H pmrsuEf mS xdyw f iG f ESppf rS tpOfvu dk f
ay;cJah om trIBu;D trSwpf Ofudk a&;om;&rnf/
jypfru I sL;vGeo f l w&m;cH? wkid w f ef;ol w&m;vkd okrYd [kwf jypfrjI zpfymG ;pOf teD;&do S ufaowko Yd nf
ao&nfao&ufaomufpm;xm;aMumif; oufaocHcsu&f adS omtrIrsm;tm;vk;H \yxrowif;ay;wkid f
csurf w S yf w Hk ifpm&Gux f yd w f iG f rifejD zifh ]]t&uf}} [k a&;rSwx f m;&rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1422)
yxrowif;ay;wkid cf surf w d Lå rsm;ukd &Jpcef;rSL;onf oufqidk &f mNrKUd e,f(re&)rSL;&k;H ESijhf ynfe,f^
wkid ;f (y&)rSL;&k;H rsm;okUd ay;yk&Yd rnfjzpfNy;D ta&;Bu;D aom trIBu;D (7)rsK;d ESiyhf wfoufí jypfrrI sm;tm; wkid cf suf
rdwLå rsm;ukd rIcif;wyfzUJG rsm;okYd ay;yk&Yd rnfjzpfNy;D yxrowif;ay;wkid cf surf sm;ukd trIa&;zGiahf qmif&u G f
Ekid cf iG rhf &So d nfh &Jpcef;i,frsm;onf rdr&d pJ cef;okYd &Jta&;,lyidk o f nfh jypfrjI zpfymG ;aMumif; vma&mufí
owif;ay;wkid w f ef;onft h cg jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf - 154ukv d udk ef mí txufaz:jyyg enf;vrf;
rsm;twkid ;f wkid cf supf mtkyw f iG f owif;csuaf &;zGi&hf ygonf/xkw d idk cf surf &l if;ukd oufqidk &f mtrIa&;zGihf
aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG &hf adS om &Jpcef;okYd qufvufay;ykí Yd rl&if;cGrJ mS &Jpcef;i,f&dS wkid cf supf mtkyw f iG f use&f dS
aernfjzpfonf/wkid cf surf &l if;ukd vufc&H &Sad om &Jpcef;rSL;onf rdr&d pJ cef;&Sd rSwyf w Hk if (20)wkid cf supf mtkyf
ü xyfraH &;ul;Ny;FD aemuf yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuf trSwpf Ofudk a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/wdik cf surf w d Lå rsm;ukd
a&;ul;í oufqidk &f mNrKUd e,f(re&)rSL;? jynfe,fEiS w hf idk ;f (y&)rSL;rsm;okYd qufvufay;yk&Yd efrmS trIa&;zGihf
trSwpf Ofwyfay;onf&h pJ cef;u wm0ef,al qmif&u G &f rnfjzpfNy;D (&JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtykd'f - 1098)
yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuyf pHk H a&SUrsuEf mS acgif;pOfrsm;\atmufyidk ;f wGif yxrowif;ay;wkid f
wef;csuEf iS q hf ufpyfí a&;oGi;f orQaom tjcm;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyrf sm;\ñTe;f rsm;ukd a&;om;az:jyxm;&
rnf/(&JvufpGJ'kwd,wGJtykd'f - 1418) (yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuEf iS yhf wfoufí a&;oGi;f az:jy&ef
vkt d yfrnfh tjcm;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f &yf&yfrsm;ukd tvG,w f ulo&d adS vhvmEkid &f eftwGuf yl;wGyJ gykpH rH sm;
Z,m;wGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;&S&d rnf) okrYd o S mvQif yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csupf mtkyu f dk rlwnfí ppfaq;
jcif;tm;jzifh trIppHk rf;ppfaq;jcif;rsm;tjyif tkycf sKyaf &;qkid &f mvkyif ef;rsm;ukyd g tvG,w f ulppfaq;aqmif
&GuEf idk rf nfjzpfygonf/
uefo
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66
&Jta&;,lykdifonfh jypfrIjzpfaomfvnf; jypfrIqdkif&musifhxkH;Oya'yk'fr 157 (1)(c)t& pkHprf;
ppfaq;&ef taMumif;rvkaH vmufonfh jypfrrI sm;tm; &Jpcef;odv Yk ma&mufí owif;ay;ydw Yk ikd wf ef;onfh
tcgwGif a&S;OD;pGm owif;ay;csurf sm;udk a&;zGiNfh y;D rSomvQif pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef jiif;y,faMumif;udk ykpH H
a&SUrsuEf mS &Sd oufqidk &f m Z,m;uGuw f iG f a&;om;azmfjyNy;D owif;ay;wkid w f ef;oltm; xku d o YJ Ykd pkpH rf;
ppfaq;jcif;udk jiif;y,fonfukd od&EdS idk af p&ef ykpH (H jypfrI 77)wGif a&;oGi;f Ny;D aemuf ay;tyf&rnf? xkt Yd jyif
rnfonft h wGuf pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif;udk jiif;y,f&aMumif; NrKUd e,f&mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D ESifh NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;
xHoYkd ay;ydo Yk nfw h ikd cf surf &l if;cJG rdwLå rsm;ay:wGiv f nf; a&;om;azmfjy&rnf? wkid cf surf &l if;udk &Jpcef;&Sd
trIww GJ iG f wJx G m;&rnf? &Jpcef;odYk vma&mufppfaq;onfh t&m&Srd sm;onf pkpH rf; ppfaq;&ef jiif;y,fonfh
jypfrIrsm;ukd aocsmpGmppfaq;Munhf½Ií trsm;jynfolwdkYtusKd;iSm pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef oifhawmfonf[k
xifjrifvQif pkpH rf;ppfaq;aqmif&u G af p&rnf/ ( &JpJG'k-1681-1682 )
&Jta&;r,lyikd o f nfh jypfrrI sm;udk usL;vGeaf Mumif; &Jpcef;odYk vma&mufí owif;ay;wkid w f ef;
vQif jypfrIqdkif&musihfxkH;Oya'yk'fr 155 t& wkdifcsufa&;zGifh&efrvdkbJ &Jpcef;&Sd t&yf&yfaeYpOf
rSww f rf;(rSwyf w Hk if-4)wGif wkid w f ef;csuf tusO;f csKyu f o kd m a&;om;azmfjy&efvydk gonf/4if;aemuf NrKUd e,f
w&m;olBu;D xHoYkd qufvufwidk w f ef;Ekid &f eftwGuf &Jpcef;&Sd owfrw S x f m;onfh ykHpH(u)(c) rsm;wGif
a&;oGi;f í oufqidk &f mw&m;½k;H odYk qufvufí ay;yd&Yk rnfjzpfygonf/
jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 155 ESihf 202 wdt Yk & &Jta&;,lyikd o f nfh jypfrjI zpfapta&;r,l
ydik af om jypfrjI zpfap? oufqidk &f mw&m;olBu;D u pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef ñTeMf um;vmonft h cgwGif &JwyfzUGJ 0if
wko Yd nf 0&rf;rygbJ zrf;qD;jcif;udk usio hf ;Hk jcif;rSty tjcm;&Jta&;,lyidk o f nfjh ypfrw I iG f aqmif&u G o f uJo Y Ykd
aqmif&u G í f rlvñTeMf um;onfh w&m;olBu;D xHoYkd ay;ydYk tpD&ifc&H rnf /?(&J ?(&Jp'GJ -k 1415)
&Jpcef;odYk owif;ay;wkid Mf um;Ny;D aemuf w&m;½k;H odYk xyfrí H wkid Mf um;onfh udpw ö w Ykd iG f w&m;½k;H
odYk wkid Mf um;csuEf iS &fh pJ cef;odYk owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuw f o Ydk nf wlno D nft h aMumif;jcif;&mrsm; jzpfaeygu
&Jpcef;odYk wkid w f ef;cJo h nfh wkid w f ef;csuu f kd (wku d ½f u dk )f wkid af vQmufrjI zihf azmfjyí pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif;udk
a&;ydw&f ygrnf?odaYk omfvnf; jzpfpOftaMumif;jcif;&mrsm;onfrwlnb D J uJv G rGJ I &Sad eygu pkpH rf;ppfaq;rIukd
qufvufí aqmif&u G &f ygrnf? (&J&JpJG'k-1416)
&Jta&;k,lykdifonfh jypfrIrsm;udk usL;vGefaMumif; owif;ay;wdkifwef;vQif rdrd&Jpcef;e,fajr
twGif;usL;vGefonfh jypfrIr[kwfapumrl wkdifcsufudk vufcHa&;zGihfNyD; wkdifcsufrl&if;ESihfwuG trI
ESio fh ufqidk af om pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;tm;vk;H wdu Yk kd oufqidk &f m &Jpcef;odYk pkpH rf;ppfaq;ta&;,lEidk &f ef
vJaT jymif;ay;&rnf/ xkt d rIrS trIaeYpOfrw S wf rf; rifcrH w d Lå rsm;udk trIaemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH mwGif twl
wuGwNGJ y;D NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;xHoYkd ay;yd&k ygrnf? xkaYd emufrrd &d pJ cef; yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef; csurf &l if;cJ\ G
oufqidk &f m Z,m;uGuw f iG f NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS &Jpcef;&Sd trIwGJ ydaYk y;Ny;D twnfjyK onfh trdet Yf rSwf
ESiahf eYpw GJ u Ykd kd a&;oGi;f xm;&S&d ygrnf/ (&JpJG 'k-1421 )
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yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuo f nf &Jta&;,lyikd af om jypfrrI sm;jzpfymG ;jcif;wGif pkpH rf;ppfaq;
aqmif&Guf&mü tajccHta&;BuD;onfh taxmuftxm;tjzpf tm;udk;jyK&onfhtavQmuf atmuf
azmfjyyg tcsurf sm;udk rsuaf jcrjywf owdjyKvu dk ef m&rnf jzpfonf-
(u) ypön;f ESiyfh wfoufí jzpfymG ;onfh trIrsm;wGif ypön;f pm&if;tjynft h pkw H efz;dk ESifh trSwf
tom;yko H @mef trsK;d tpm;twdik ;f twm tcsed t f wG,pf onfwu Ykd kd a&;rSw, f &l ygrnf/
(&Jp'GJ -k 1412)
( c ) jypfrIusL;vGefoltm; jrifawGUvQif rSwfrdaMumif; wdkifMum;cJhygu xkduJYodkYjrifawGUvQif
rSwfrd Ekdifonfh w&m;cHwkdY\ ykHo@meftrSwftom;ponfwdkYudk jynfhpkHpGm ar;jref;NyD;
azmfjy&rnf? (&J&JpJG'k-1413 1413)
( * ) jypfru I sL;vGejf cif;ESiyfh wfoufonfh jzpf&yfrsm; tjyKtrltaxmuftxm;ponf wko Yd nf
omreftm;jzihf ao;i,fonf[k xifjrif&aomfvnf; jypfrt I m; pkpH rf;ppfaq;&mwGif ta&;
BuD;onfh taxmuftxm;jzpfvmzG,f&mtaMumif;&Sdojzihf xkduJYodkY ao;i,fonfh
taxmuftxm;rsm;udyk if vspv f sLr&Ioifah y/
(C) owif;ay;wkdifwef;csufonf oufqkdifonfh um,uH&Sifuay;aom owif;ay;
wkid w f ef;csujf zpfap? odrYk [kwf wpfqifMh um; Mum;odou l owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuf jzpfap
tcsdefaESmifhaES;MuefYMumjcif;r&SdbJ a&;rSwf,l&rnf? owif;ay;wdkifwef;csufonf
rnfoyYdk ifjzpfapumrl ckid v f o Hk nft h axmuftxm; r&S[ d í l wifBuKw d u G q f Ny;D tcsuf
tvuftaxmuftxm;rsm;tm; oGm;a&mufpak qmif;&SmazGNy;D rS owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuf
a&;zGijfh cif;udk a&SmifMuOf&rnf? xkt Yd jyif wpfqihMf um; odjrifo\ l owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuf
onf rjynfrh pkt H iftm;enf;ojzihf um,uH&iS u f , kd wf ikd af y;aom owif;ay; wkid w f ef;
csuo f mvQif oufaocHcsuw f efz;kd &So d nf[k rSw, f jl cif; rjyK&/ (&JpJG'k-1414)
( i ) wdik w f ef;owif;ay;olonf pdw'f u k E© iS ahf wGUBuKcH pH m;ae&oljzpfí pdww f nfNird rf rI &Sb d J
aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfaeonfh tajctaerS u,fwifun l vD okd nfqE´tm;jzihf azsmif;zs
ESpo f rd Yf apNy;D rS acsacsiiH H qufqaH r;jref;vQif trItaMumif;jcif;&mtpkw H u Ykd kd vG,u f pl mG
zGi[ fh ajymqkEd idk rf nf jzpfonf/
( p ) trIjzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf tcsdefMumjrihfNyD;rS &Jpcef;odkY vma&mufowif;ay;wkdifwef;csuf
jzpfvQif rnfonhftwGuf tcsdefMuefYMumcJh&onfhtaMumif; taMumif;jycsuf tjynfh
tpku H kd azmfjy a&;om;xm;&rnf?
yxrowif;ay;wkid w
f ef;csurf sm;ESiyhf wfoufí atmufazmfjyyg w&m;Oya'rsm;ESifh tusK;H 0ifonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rSwfom;*½kpkdufoifhonf -
(1) yxrowif;ay;wdkifwef;csufonf jypfrIusL;vGefaMumif; azmfjy&ef ckdifvkHonfht"du
uefo
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oufaocHcsufrsm;r[kwaf omfvnf;&Jpcef;odkYwkdiw f ef;pOfurnfonft h csut f vufrsm;
yg&Sad Mumif; azmfjy&ef oufaocHcsuo f m jzpfonf?(yxrowif;ay; wkid w f ef;csuEf iS hf
w&m;½k;H a&SUwGif tppfccH suu f v GJ aGJ evQif w&m;½k;H onf w&m;vd\ k wkid wf ef;csut f m;
r,kMH unfbJ aeEkid í f tjypfray;bJaeEkid o f nf? 1953 ckEpS ?f jrefrmjynfp&D ifx;Hk pmrsuEf mS
210 OD;pk;d vif;trI)
(2) oufaocHOya'yk'fr 157 t& owif;ay;wkdifwef;ol\ w&m;½kH;a&SUwGif usrf;usdef
xGufqdkcsufudk ydkrdkckdifvkHap&eftwGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf xif&Sm;atmifwifjy
tok;H jyKEidk yf gonf/
(3) oufaocHcsufOya'yk'fr 145 t& owif;ay;wkdifwef;ol\ w&m;½kH;a&SUwGif
usr;f used x f u G q f ckd suu f dk qefu Y sijf iif;qk&d eftwGuv f nf; tok;H jyKEidk yf gonf/
(4) oufaocHOya'yk'rf 155 tyd'k cf (GJ 3)t& owif;ay;wkid w f ef;olonf ,kMH unfxu dk o f l
r[kwaf Mumif; xif&mS ;ap&eftwGuv f nf; wifjytok;H jyEkid yf gonf/
(5) oufaocHOya'yk'rf 32 t& yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;oltm; oufaotjzpf qifah c:í
r&EkdifygvQif 4if;\ owif;ay;wkdifwef;csufudk w&m;½kH;wGif xif&Sm;atmif tokH;jyK
Ekid yf gonf/
(6) oufaocHOya'yk'rf 8 t& owif;ay;wkid w f ef;ol\ tjyKtrl usiBhf urH w I u Ykd kd azmfjy&ef
tok;H jyKEidk yf gonf/
(7) owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuw f iG f wkid w f ef;olu vufrw S af &;xk;d &ef jiif;qkyd gu jypfrq I idk &f m
Oya'yk'rf 180 t& w&m;pJq G Edk idk yf gonf/
(8) rrSeu f efaMumif;odvsuEf iS hf owif;ay;wkid w f ef;oltm; jypfrq I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 182 t&
w&m;pJq G Ekd ikd yf gonf/
(9) wpfO;D wpfa,mufaomoludk r[kwrf rSeaf Mumif; odvsuEf iS pfh yG pf í GJ owif;ay; wkid w f ef;
vQif jypfrq I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 211 t& w&m;pJq G Ekd idk yf gonf/
(10) owif;ay;wkdifwef;csuftrSefukd vJTrSm;atmif jyKjyifa&;om;onfh &JwyfzJGU0ifwdkYtm;
jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUGJ rS tNrw J rf;xkwyf ,fjcif;cH&rnft h jyif jypfrq I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 177-218
wdt Yk & w&m;pJEG idk yf gonf/
(11) yxrowif;ay;wkdifwef;csufa&;zGifh&ef jypfrIqdkif&musifhxkH;Oya'yk'fr 154 t&
pcef;rSL;tm; vkyyf idk cf iG afh y;xm;Ny;D &Jpcef;rSL;qdo k nfrmS &Jpcef;rSL; r&So d nfh tcsed w f iG f
4if;xuf&mxl; wpfqihef rd o Yf nfh &Jwyfom;xuf &Jwyfom;r[kwaf om &Jpcef;&Sd &JwyfzUGJ 0if
rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf[k jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 4(1)(u)wGif jyXmef;xm;ygonf/
(12) jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 551 t& &Jpcef;rSL;tqihx f uf &mxl;Bu;D onfh &Jt&m&Sd
uefo
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69
rsm;onf &Jpcef;rSL;\ 0wå&m;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf&ef vkyfykdifcGihf&&Sdonf[k jyXmef;xm;
ygonf/
þrSwyf w
Hk iftm;xde;f odr;f xm;&Srd nft h csed uf mv
yxrowif;ay;wkid cf suu f kd (2)ESpt f ;D cGi&fh ygonf/(&JpGJ'k - 1330)
f csed Mf umjrifah omtcg zsuq
rSwfykHwif(21)
trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJGtydk'f 1423 )
jypfrIqkdif&musihfxkH;Oya'yk'fr 154 t& yxrowif;ay;wkdifwef;csufrsm; a&;zGifhNyD;aemuf
jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 156-157wdw Yk iG f azmfjyyg&So d nfh jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD pkpH rf;ppfaq;í
xkpd pHk rf;csurf sm;udk jypfrq I idk &f m usix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 172 t& owfrw S o f nft h wkid ;f aeYpOf a&;oGi;f Ekid &f ef
jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKaomykpH H
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;ykpH rH mS (jypfrI 13^&mZ0wf 124)jzpfygonf/jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf
155(2)yk'fr 202 wkdYt& w&m;olBuD;trdefYjzifh pkHprf;ppfaq;rIrsm;wGifvnf; trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;udk
a&;om;&ygonf/(&J&JpJG'k-1436 1436)
a&;oGi;f enf;
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;ykpH u H kd wpfBurd w f nf;wGirf ifcpH uúLtok;H jyKí (2)apmif a&;om;&rnf? rl&if;udk
trIwJGwGif wJGxm;onf? rl&if;cJGudk NrKdUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;ESihf jynfe,f^wkdif;&JwyfzJGUrSL;xHodkY ay;ydkY&rnf/
ta&;BuD;aom jypfrIBuD;rsm;\ trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf; ykHpHxdyfwGif ta&;BuD;&mZ0wfjypfrI trSwfpOfudk
azmfjy&rnf/ (&JpJG'k-1430)
rl&if;cJ(G 1)apmifukd yd&Yk mü NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;onf NrKUd e,f&wJ yfzUGJ rSL;onf trIpm&if;pmtkyf a&;zGiNfh y;D
ta&;Bu;D trIrsm;teuf uR^J EGm;?wd&pd mä efc;dk rIBu;D rsm;wGif azmufxiG ;f ck;d rIBu;D rsm;wd\ Yk trIjzpfpOf tusO;f
csKyuf akd &;om;Ny;D trIEiS yfh wfoufí ñTeMf um;csurf sm;udk a&;oGi;f um jynfe,f^ wdik ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;&k;H odYk
qufvufay;yd&Yk rnf/ (&JpJG-'k 1435)
trIaeYpOfrf w S w f rf;rl&if;rsm;onf &Jpcef;&Sd trIwüGJ &Sad ernfjzpf&m a&;om;trIwzGJ iG o fh nfEiS fh
wpfcsdefwnf;wGif trIpkHprf;ppfaq;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í txuft&m&SdwdkY\trdefYESihf ñTefMum;csufrsm;?
a&;om;&eftwGuf ñTeMf um;csuo f wfrw S &f efypHk rH sm;(trdepYf mcsy)f wdu Yk kd yl;wJx
G m;&efvykd gonf/
trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;wGif a&;oGif;azmfjy&rnfhtcsufrsm;rSm trIpwifpkHprf;ppfaq;jcif;?tcdsef
em&D?aeY&ufEiS pfh pHk rf;ppfaq;jcif;wGif tusK;H 0ifonfah qmif&u G cf surf sm;jzpfygonf/trIaeYpOfrw S w
f rf;
a&;om;&mwGif xnfhoGif;a&;om;jcif;rjyK&rnfhtcsufwdkYrSm trIppft&m&Sd\ xifjrifpOf;pm;awG;q
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
70
csuEf iS fh trIjzpfpOfwYkd pyfqidk jf cif;r&Sad om t&yfpum;jzpfygonf/ (&JpJG-'k-1689)
omreftm;jzifh trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csu?f tcif;jzpfae&modYk oGm;a&muf
ppfaq;Munf&h jI cif;?oufaoppfaq;jcif;? w&m;cHzrf;qD;jcif;? oufaocHypön;f &SmazGord ;f ,ljcif;paom
pkpH rf;ppfaq;aqmif&u G cf surf sm;udk a&;om;azmfjy&efjzpfonf/ (&JpJG-'k 1424)
jypfrq I idk &f musix
fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 161 t& ppfaq;onfo h ufaorsm;\tppfccH surf sm;udk trIaeYpOf
rSww f rf;wGit f ao;pdwjf yefvnfazmfjya&;om;&efrvdb k J ppfaq;aomoufaowd\ Yk trnfEiS 4fh if;wd\ Yk
xGuq f ckd surf sm;t& xif&mS ;ay:vGio f nft h aMumif;jcif;&mrsm;udo k m tusO;f csKyf a&;om; azmfjy&efjzpfyg
onf/oufaorsm;\xGuq f cdk surf sm;ukd puf&iS rf EI iS t
hf xl;tmPm&trIrsm;rSwyg; a&;&k;d a&;pOfr&So d ifyh g/
odkYr[kwfvQif jypfrIqdkif&musifhxkH;Oya'yk'fr 162 t& wpfzuftrIonfu awmif;,lMunfh&IykdifcGihf
&Sad yonf/oufaoxGucf surf sm;udk ta&;Bu;D onfh jypfrBI u;D rsm;rSty oD;jcm;a&;rSw, f &l ef rvkt
d yfyg/
(&Jp-GJ 'k 1425)
tmrcHay;cGirfh &onfjh ypfrrI sm;ESiyfh wfoufí w&m;cHzrf;qD;vQif trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;ü w&m;cH\
ud, k yf o Hk @mefukd tusO;f csKyaf &;om;azmfjy&ef?(&Jp-GJ 'k 1730) ok&Yd mwGif tmrcHay;cGifh r&onfjh ypfrrI jS zpfap?
tmrcHay;cGi&fh onfh jypfrrI jS zpfap jypfru I sL;vGeof w l t Ykd m; zrf;qD;cJvh Qif (&Jp-GJ 1629 ESifh 1937)wdw Yk iG f
jyXmef;xm;onfh jypfrIrsm;jzpfygu vlqdk;tñTef;rmwdumpmcsyfykHpH 103(u) a&;zGihf&efvdktyfí
w&m;cHyo Hk @mefukd (&Jp-GJ 'k-aemufqufw)GJ (c-6)ESit fh nD trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif a&;oGi;f azmfjy&ef
vdt k yfygonf/
xkdYjyif w&m;cHzrf;qD;vQif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;&Sd^r&Sdudk ar;jref;í ajzqdkonfhtcsufudkyg
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/n§i;f yef;ESyd pf ufaMumif; w&m;cHwikd w f ef;cJyh gu w&m;cH\
udk,fcE¨may:wGif aocsmpGmppfaq;í awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;wGif a&;oGif;rSwfom;
xm;&rnf/jypfrIusL;vGefolonf trsKd;orD;jzpfygu trsKd;orD;tcsif;csif; ppfaq;Munfh&Ií txuf
azmfjyygenf;vrf;rsm;twkid ;f awGU&Scd suu f kd a&;om;&rnf/ (&JpJG-'k 1693^1694)
jypfrIrsm;pkHprf;ppfaq;aepOfwGif zrf;qD;&rdonfh w&m;cHrsm;tm; qufvufícsKyfxm;&ef
vdt k yfvQif oufqidk &f mc½kid w f &m;olBu;D xH csKyrf ed (Yf &Dref)awmif;cHonft h cg csKyrf ed (Yf &Dref)avQmufvmT
ESit fh wl avQmufxm;onfah eYtxd a&;om;cJah om trIaeYpOfrw S wf rf;rsm;udk yl;wJaG y;yd&Yk rnf/(&Dref )
ay;rnfhw&m;olBuD;u csKyfrdefY(&Dref)udk ykHpH(jypfrI 71)jzihf xkwfay;NyD; rnfhonfhaeY&ufwkdif csKyfrdefY
(&Dref)ay;aMumif;udk trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;\ aemufq;Hk ausmbufwiG f a&;om;azmfjyí jyefvnf ay;ydYk
vdrrYf nf/ (&JpJG-'k 1347)
pkpH rf;ppfaq;aeonft h rIwpfct k m; tjcm;&Jt&m&Sd wpfO;D wpfa,mufoYkd qufvufppHk rf; ppfaq;
&ef vJTajymif;ay;onfhtcg vufcH&&Sdonfh&Jt&m&Sdu ,cifppfaq;NyD;onfhoufaorsm;udk xyfrH
ppfaq;&efrvdyk g/4if;oufaoxGuq f cdk surf sm;onf rSeu f efr&I ^dS r&Sd od&&dS efvtkd yfygu tusO;f csKyf ar;jref;
Ny;D rdrpd pHk rf;ppfaq;csurf sm;udk trIaeYpOfrw f rf;ü qufvufa&;om;azmfjyoGm;&rnf/(&JpJG-'k 1427)
S w
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
71
trIppHk rf;ppfaq;jcif; qk;H cef;wdik af &muf&í dS w&m;olBu;D &k;H odYk w&m;pJw G ifyo Ykd nft h cgwGif jzpfap?
trIuykd w d of rd ;f onft h cgwGijf zpfap aemufq;Hk trIaeYpOfrw S w
f rf;wGif trIjzpfpOftwdck sKyu f kd a&;om;
azmfjyí trIukd rnfoYdk aqmif&u G af Mumif;azmfjy&rnf/ (&JpJG-'k 1421)
aemufq;Hk trIaeYpOfrf w S w f rf;wGif trIjzpfpOfrw S w f rf;twkcd sKyu f kd a&;om;&mü w&m;cHjypfrI usL;vGef
yku
H sL;vGeef nf;? rnfuo YJ Ykd pkpH rf;ppfaq;ay:aygufco hJ nf taMumif;t&mrsm;ESio fh ufaocHypön;f rnfoYdk
xkcyGJ u
Hk kd jypfru I sL;vGeo f \ l taygif;toif;rsm;? qufE, G of rl sm;yg&Srd o S mvQif w&m;olBu;D rS jypfrx I if&mS ;í
jypf'PfuscaH ponft h cgwGif &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f rSwf 36(u) vlqkd;tñTef;rmwdumpmcsyfa&;
zGifh&ef rSwfcsufZ,m;wGif jynfhpkHvG,fulpGma&;oGif;Ekdif&rnf/(&JpJG'k 1428? 1432? 1639-q )
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;udk r[kwrf rSef rSe;f odvQuEf iS fh vdrv f nfa&;om;jcif;jyKvQif &JwyfzUGJ rS tNrJ
wrf;xkwyf ,fjcif;udk jypf'Pfxu dk o f ifah p&rnf/ (&JpJG'k - 1122 )
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;onf w&m;½k;H wGio f ufaocHr0ifaomfvnf; oufaocHOya'yk'rf 161 t&
a&;rSwfolt&m&Sdu trItm; w&m;&kH;wGifoufaocHpOf rdrd\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk owd&ap&ef
jyefvnfMunh&f t I ok;H jyKonft h cgwGiv f nf;aumif;? oufaocHOya'yk'rf 145 t& w&m;&k;H u a&;rSwf
ol&t J &m&St d m; jiif;qk&d ef Munf&h o I nft h cgüvnf;aumif;? wpfzuftrIonfwt Ykd m; xko d Ykd Munf&h oI nfh
tpdwftydkif;udk Munfh&IcGifh&onf/w&m;&kH;u ppfaq;aeonfhtrItwGuftaxmuftyhH jzpfap&ef
a&;rSwx f m;onft h rIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;rsm;udk awmif;,lMunf&h EI idk o f nf/(&J&JpJG'k-1424?1434
1424?1434)
trIpkHprf;ppfaq;jcif;NyD;qkH;í w&m;&kH;odkY w&m;pJGwifydkYonfhtcg trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk
oufaoxGucf surf sm;ESit fh wl (&Scd v hJ Qi)f wJí G NrKUd e,frcI if;rSww f rf;t&m&Sx d aH y;yd&Yk rnf/NrKUd e,frcI if;
rSwfwrf;t&m&Sdu w&m;&kH;trIwJGESihftrIvkduft&m&Sdrsm;xHodkY qufvufíay;ydkYvdrfYrnf/trIpD&if
qkH;jzwfNyD;aomtcg w&m;&kH;trIvkduft&m&Sdu NyD;jywfcsufrsm;udka&;om;NyD; oufqkdif&m&Jpcef;odkY
jyefvnfay;ydkYvdrfYrnf/xkduJYodkY NyD;jywfcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfvufcH&&Sdonfhtcg w&m;&kH;qkH;jzwfcsuf
trdeu Yf kd &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf (20)? rSwyf w Hk if(36)(u)(c)wkw Yd iG f vnf;aumif;? tjcm;oufqidk &f m
rSwfykHwifpmtkyfrsm;wGifvnf;aumif; a&;oGif;í trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk &Jpcef;wGif qufvufí
odr;f qnf;xm;&rnf/(&J&JpJG'k-1430?1432 1430?1432)
trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;ESit fh wl wJzG ufí a&;oGi;f &rnft h jcm;rSww f rf;rSm ta&;Bu;D onfjh ypfrI Bu;D rsm;ü
ta&;Bu;D aom &mZ0wfjypfrI aemufxyftpD&ifcpH mjzpfonf/tok;H jyKaomykpH rH mS (jypfr-I 11^&J-24)jzpfí
atmufazmfjyyg taMumif;rsm;ay:aygufvmonft h cg (3)apmif a&;om;&rnf-
(u) jypfrEI iS yfh wfoufonft h &yf&yftaMumif;t&mrsm; odvQio f cd si;f ?
( c ) jypfrt I m; pkaH xmufí &&So d nft h cg (w&m;cHzrf;rd? oufaocHypön;f ? odr;f qnf;&rd?
oufaocHcsupf ak qmif;&&SNd y;D ESiv fh pl w D ef;jyojcif; ponfwu Ykd kd qkv d o
kd nf/)
(* ) w&m;pJw G ifyo Y k d nft h cg(jypfru I sL;vGeo f t l m; jypf'Pfay;jcif;?w&m;&Si?f w&m;aovTwjfcif;rsm;)
(C) aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suaf &;oGi;f aomtcg
uefo Y wf
uefoY wf
72
(i ) t,lc&H ;Hk ujypf'PftrdeuYf kd ajymif;vJonft
h cg(&Jp'GJ -k 1761)
trIBu;D aemufxyftpD&ifcpH may;ydo
Yk nfth cg trIaeYpOfrw
S w
f rf;rsm;ay;ydo
Yk nft
h wkid ;f ay;ydYk &í
trSwpf Ofukd (u)(c)(*)ponfh tu©&mrsm;jzihf tpOfeyH gwfrsm;wyfí ay;yd&Yk ygonf/(&Jp'GJ -k 1762)
þrSwyf w Hk iftm;xde;f odr;f xm;&Srd nft h csed u

f mv
trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk (2)ESpftcsdefMumjrifhaomtcg zsufqD;cGihf&ygonf/xGufajy;
wdr;f a&Smifaeonfw h &m;cHajy;rsm;ESiyfh wfoufí jypfrrI sm;wGif jypfrq I idk &f musix
fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 152 t&
ta&;,lí jypfrq I idk &f musix
fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 87^88 t& w&m;cHajy;twnfjyK0&rf;rsm; xkwq f ifo
h nfh
jyefwrf;wGif aMumfjimNy;D aemuf trIaeYpOfrw S wf rf;rsm;udk w&m;cHajy;tm; zrf;qD; &rdonfh wkid af tmif(od)Yk
10 ESpwf ikd af tmif &Jpcef;wGif xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d ygonf/
rSwfykHwif (22)
trIpkHprf;ppfaq;olt&m&SdwpfOD;pD ppfaq;onfhtrIpm&if;
þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&Sjd cif;tm;jzihf &Jpcef;&Sd trIppHk rf;ppfaq;ol &Jt&m&Sw d pfO;D pD\ trIppfvyk if ef;
rsm;udk rnfrQaqmif&u G af Mumif;udk aocsmpGmppfaq;Munh&f EI idk yf gonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
trIppfaq;ol &Jt&m&Sw d ikd ;f onf rdrpd pHk rf;ppfaq;onft h rIwikd ;f udk þrSwyf w Hk ifypHk (H jypfrI -94)
wGif pm&if;jyKvyk í f rdru d , kd w
f idk af &;oGi;f &ygonf/wpfvtwGuf aeYpOf&ufprGJ sm;tvdu k f Z,m;uGurf sm;
wGif ppfaq;onft h rIEiS , fh OS wf í GJ a&;om;cJah om trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;rsm;ESifh trSwpf Ofrsm;udk azmfjy&
ygonf/trIppHk rf;ppfaq;jcif;udk rjyKvyk Ef idk o f nfh aeY&ufrsm;wGif tjcm;rnfonfw h m0efrsm;udk aqmif&u G cf hJ
&aMumif;azmfjy&rnf/xkduJYodkY &ufysufrsm;wGiftjcm;udpörsm;tm;aqmif&Gufjcif;udk trIaeYpOf
rSww f rf;rsm;rS Munf&h aI &;oGi;f xm;&rnf/trIppHk rf;ppfaq;onfh trIpm&if;trSwpf Ofukd wpfEpS t f wGi;f
tpOftvkduf wpfqufwnf;jzpfap&rnf/wpfvwpfBudrftrIpm&if;a&;ydwfí vukefqkH;aomfvnf;
rNyD;jywfao;onfh usef&SdaeaomtrIrsm;udk aemufvpm&if;wGif rS i f e Djzihf qufvuful;,lí rlv
trSwpf Ofta[mif;udyk ifjyefvnfa&;rSw&f rnf/
ykHpHwGif aemufqkH; qkH;jzwfcsufacgif;pOfygZ,m;uGufwGif w&m;pJGwifydkYonfhtrIrsm;twGuf
w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rdeuYf kd azmfjyxm;&rnf/ (Oyrm-tjypfus^w&m;&SifvTwf^w&m;aovTwf)
pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif;?ydwo f rd ;f onft h rIrsm;twGuf NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS ykpH H jypfr-I 60 jzihf cJjG cm;
owfrw S cf sujf zpfaom pkaH xmufrÎ rSm;,Gi;f rI^ta&;rydik rf Î vDq,frÎ wku d ½f u dk af vQmufxm;rI ponfjh zihf
azmfjy&efjzpfNy;D &Jpcef;wpfcrk S tjcm;&Jpcef;wpfco k Ykd vJaT jymif;onfth rIrsm;udv k nf; tqkyd g Z,m;uGuw f iG f
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
73
yif vJaT jymif;rI[k azmfjy&rnfjzpfygonf/wpfvtwGi;f aqmif&u G cf sujf zpfaom
(u) a&muf&cdS ahJ omaus;&Gmaygif;
(c) c&D;oGm;&ufaygif;
(*) ntdyaf om oGm;&ufaygif;wku Yd kd vukeq f ;Hk onft
h cgwkid ;f þykpH ZH ,m;aemufq;Hk tuGuf
wGif a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/
rSwcf su/f &Jpcef;rSL;onf þrSwyf w Hk iftm; aeYpOfppfaq;&rnf/ NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;onf wpfywfvQif
wpfBurd pf pfaq;Ny;D c&kidk &f w J yfzUJG rSL;onf trIrsm;ukd pOfqufrjywfMuyfrwfEidk &f ef tcg
tm;avsmpf mG ppfaq;&rnf/
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&d&S rnft h csed u f mv
þykpH pH m&if;rSww f rf;udk 1 ESpw
f ikd af tmifxm;&SNd y;D zsuq f ;D cGi&hf ygonf/ (&JpJG'k-1330)
rSwfykHwif (23)
aemufqkH;tpD&ifcHcsuf rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
&Jta&;,lykdifonfh jypfrIjzpfyGm;aMumif; &Jpcef;odkY vma&mufí owif;ay;wkdifwef;csufudk
jypfrqI idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 156^157 wdt Yk & pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ygonf/ xku d o
YJ Ydk pkpH rf;ppfaq;&mwGif
jypfrIqkdif&musifhxkH;Oya'yk'fr 173 t& w&m;½kH;odkY w&m;pJGwifydkYjcif; rjyKEkdifaom trIrsm;udk pkHprf;
ppfaq;jcif;ydwo f rd ;f í aemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH m a&;om;Ekid &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd xm;&Sd &jcif;
jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKonfyh pHk H
jypfrt I m; pkpH rf;ppf a q;jcif ; yd w f ord ;f í aemuf q k H ; tpD & if c H p ma&;oG i f ; &mwGi(f jypfrI - 6^
&mZ0wf - 35 )ykHpHjzihf a&;oGif;&ygonf/þykHpHonf rl&if;ESihfrl&if;cJG (2)apmifudk wpfBudrfwnf;vQif
rifcpH uúLudk tok;H jyKí a&;oGi;f &ygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
jypfrtI m; pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif;udk ydwo f rd ;f onft h cgwkid ;f wGif pkaH xmufr&rI^vDq,frÎ rSm;,Gi;f rI^
ta&;rykid rf [ I í l cJjG cm;owfrw S yf wd of rd ;f &ygonf/(&J&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tykd'f 1438 1438)
trIyw d o f rd ;f ygu rl&if;tpD&ifcpH mudk yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuf oufaotppfccH suf cH0efcsKyf
rsm;ponfwjYkd zihf yl;wJí G NrKUd e,f&wJ yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H odYk ay;yd&Yk ygonf/NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;onf Oya't&m&Sq d ;Hk jzwf
onft h rItwGuf aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suw f iG f ydwo f rd ;f cGiuhf dk omrmefrjI zpfygu c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;xHov Ydk nf;
aumif;? trIBuD;rsm;jzpfygu c&kdif&JwyfzGJUrSL;rSwqifh jynfe,f^wkdif;&JwyfzGJUrSL;xHokdYvnf;aumif;
trsm;jynfol pdw0f ifpm;Ny;D Ekid if aH wmfEiS yhf wfoufonft h rIrsm;jzpfygu jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUJG XmecsKyo f Ydk
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
74
vnf;aumif; ydwo f rd ;f cGiu hf dk tqifq h ifw h ifjyawmif;cH&rnf/ydwo f rd ;f &ef twnfjyKred &Yf &Syd gu &k;H tqifh
qifw h iG f xm;&Sad om rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f a&;oGi;f Ny;D trIwu JG x dk ed ;f odr;f &ef &Jpcef;xdtqifq h ifh jyefy&Ydk
rnf/pkaH xmufrq I idk ;f trIwu JG dk ESpaf ygif; (30)txdvnf;aumif; uset f rIrsm;ukd (2)ESpx f v d nf; aumif;
xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnf/ (&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tykd'f 1438)
aemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH mwGif t"duxm;í azmfjy&rnfrmS owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csupf pHk rf; ay:ayguf
onfh taMumif;jcif;&mrsm;ESifh pkpH rf;ppfaq;Ny;D ydwo f rd ;f &onfh taMumif;rsm;udk azmfjyyg &Sad p&rnf/
(pkHaxmufr&rI)wkw Yd iG f rouFmol&u dS rouFmonft h aMumif;jycsuu f kd a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/(pkHaxmufrI)
jyí ydwo f rd ;f Ny;D aemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH m a&;oGi;f onft h cgwGio f mreftm;jzihf ta&;rBu;D onfh jypfrrI sm;
twGuf pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef tcsed u f mvrSm (10)&ufcefMY umonfw h ikd af tmif pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef vdt k yfygonf/
ta&;BuD;onfhtrIBuD;rsm;ESihf ckd;rIBuD;rsm;tNrJwrf;jypfrI usL;vGefwwfonfh vlqdk;rsm;yg0ifonfh
jypfrrI sm;udrk l pwiftrIa&;zGifh aqmif&u G o f nfah eYrS (1)v tcsed Mf umjriho f nfw h idk af tmif pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif;
jyKvyk &f rnf/ (&JpJG-'k 1700)
&Jpcef;odYk owif;ay;wkid w f ef;ojzihf ta&;,lppHk rf;ppfaq;aepOftwGi;f w&m;olBu;D xH xyfrí H
wkid af vQmufonft h cg &Jpcef;odYk wkid w f ef;cJah om wkid w f ef;csuEf iS w fh &m;½k;H xHoYkd wkid af vQmuf csuw f oYkd nf
taMumif;jcif;&mrsm; wlnrD &I cdS ahJ omf (wdkuf½kdufwdkifavQmufrI ) [k azmfjyí trIuakd emufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH m
a&;oGi;f Ny;D ydwo f rd ;f &rnf/aemufq;Hk tpD&ifcpH mwGif w&m;½k;H odYk wkid af vQmufaom aeYpEGJ iS fh trItrSw?f
w&m;½k;H trnfwu Ykd kd a&;oGi;f azmfjy&rnf/ (&JpJG-'k - 1442 )
(jypfrI 95) ykpH o H nf &Jta&;,lyidk o f nfh jypfrw I pfpw Hk pf&mwGif pkpH rf;ppfaq;ol &Jt&m&Srd sm;u
w&m;½k;H okYd w&m;rpJw G ifEidk o f nhf trIrsm;wGif jynfe,f^wkid ;f w&m;olBu;D \ pDrcH efcY aGJ &;udk vdu k ef mvsuf
ppfaq;ydik cf iG t fh mPm&&So d nfh &mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D u trItrsK;d trnf cJjG cm;jcif; trdeu Yf kd jypfrq I idk &f m
w&m;Oya'yk'rf 172(1)(c)t& yxrowif;ay;wkid w f ef;csuaf y;oltm; taMumif;jyefMum; &eftwGuf
jyXmef;xm;onfh ykHpHjzpfygonf/4if;ykHpHrSm t*Fvdyf^jrefrm(2)bmomjzihf jzpfap&ygrnf/&Jpcef;&Sd
wyfMuyfBu;D pma&;onf &Jpcef;odYk wkid w f ef;onf^h ta&;,lyikd af omjypfrw I pfc\ k trsK;d trnf cJjG cm;jcif;
ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh aemufq;Hk trderYf sm;udk NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;½k;H rS &&SNd y;D aemuf vsijf refpmG 4if;ykpH u H kd jznfph u G Nf y;D
w&m;vdx k oH Ykd ay;yd&Yk ygonf/ (&JpJG-'k - 1440)
jypfrq I idk &f mw&m;Oya'yk'rf 157(1) (c)t& pkaH xmufppfaq;&ef jiif;y,fonfh jypfrrI sK;d wGif
aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suu f kd a&;oGi;f &ef rvdyk g/ (&JpJG'k - 1441)
þuJo Y Ykd jypfrrI sK;d wGif pkaH xmufppfaq;&ef jiif;y,fonfah emufrq S ufvufppfaq;&ef trde&Yf &S&d m
w&m;cHukd w&m;pJw G ifEidk jf cif;r&Sv d Qif aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suu f kd vky&f ;dk vkypf Oftwkid ;f wifoiG ;f &ygrnf/
w&m;cHwpfO;D wpfa,mufukd tmrcHjzihf jzpfap? ud, k wf ikd cf 0H efcsKyjf zihf jzpfap? vTwx f m;Ny;D w&m;&k;H
okYd w&m;pJrG wifEidk o f nft h cg rnfuo YJ v Ykd wT xf m;&aMumif;udk aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suw f iG f a&;om; azmfjy
xm;&ygrnf/cH0efcsKyEf iS afh emufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suu f dk pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPm&So d nfh w&m;olBu;D xHoYkd (&JpJG'k
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
75
1438)
1438)wGif azmfjyxm;onft h wkid ;f wify&Ykd ygonf/ oufqidk &f mw&m;olBu;D u cH0efcsKyu f kd y,fzsuo f ifuh
y,fzsuNf y;D xku d o YJ aYkd qmif&u G af Mumif;udk (jypfrI -16) (u) ykpH w H iG f rSwcf suf a&;om;&rnf/aemufq;Hk
tpD&ifccH suEf iS yfh ,fzsuNf y;D aom cH0efcsKyw f u Ykd kd &&Sad omtcg NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;onf oufqidk &f m &JwyfzUGJ
pcef;okYd cH0efcsKyrf sm;udk y,fzsuo f nft h rdet Yf rSwEf iS fh aeYpwGJ u Ykd kd taMumif; Mum;&rnf/xku d o YJ Ykd taMumif;
Mum;csufvufcH&&Sdonfhtcg aemufqkH;tpD&ifcHcsufpmtkyfwGif &Sdonfh rl&if;cJGvufcHwGif a&;oGif;
xm;&S&d rnf/ ( &JpJG'k - 1443 )
w&m;olBu;D xH &Dref,x l m;aom w&m;cHwpfO;D tm; w&m;olBu;D trde&Yf rSom vTw&f rnf/okaYd omf
w&m;rpGw J ifaom trIrsm;wGif usix hf ;Hk yk'rf - 169t& w&m;olBu;D trdew Yf pfpw
Hk pf&mr&&Srd D &Jt&m&Sw d u Ydk
w&m;cHtm; tmrcHEiS jhf zpfap cH0efcsKyEf iS jhf zpfap vTwx f m;cGi&hf onf/aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suw f iG f taMumif;
t&mpkv H ifpmG xnfo h iG ;f &ef owdjyK&rnf/okrYd o S m w&m;olBu;D u tmrcHpmcsKyzf su&f ef trdecYf srw S Ef idk f
onf/ ( &JpGJ'k - 1444 )
rSwyf wHk if 23 aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH sut f rSwrf mS trSwpf Ofjzpfí ESpo f pfu;l ajymif;onft h cg yxr
aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suw f iG f trSwpf Oftopfa&;&rnf/ ( &JpGJ'k - 1445 )
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; odr;f qnf;xm;&S&d rnfu h mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd aemufq;Hk a&;om;onfah eYrS (2)ESpx f m;&SNd y;D zsuq f ;D Ekid yf gonf/ (&Jp'GJ k 1330)
rSwfykHwif (24)
pJGcsuf rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
jypfrq I ikd &f musixhf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 173 t& trIppHk rf;ppfaq;onfh &Jt&m&Srd sm;onf pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif;
Ny;D qk;H onft h cg ppfaq;pD&ifyikd cf iG &hf odS nfh w&m;olBu;D xHoYkd tpD&ifc&H rnf[al om ñTeMf um;csuEf iS t fh nD
w&m;½k;H odYk w&m;pJw G ifaom trIrsm;udk þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkywf iG f pepfwus a&;oGi;f rSww f rf;xifxm;&S&d ef
twGuf &Jpcef;wGif þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f kd xm;&S&d jcif;jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKaomykpH H
(jypfrI-17^&mZ0wf 125)ykHpHwGif a&;om;&ygonf/ þykHpHrSm rl&if;ESihfrl&if;cJG(2)apmifudk
wpfBurd w f nf; rifpuúLtok;H jyKí a&;oGi;f Ekid yf gonf/ (&JpJG'k 1446^1447)
a&;oGi;f enf;
w&m;½kH;okdY pJGcsufpmcsyfwifydkYonfhtcg &JvufpJGpuúLrsm; teufrS trI&ufcsdef;awmif;onfh
ykpH (H jypfr-I 104)yxrowif;ay;wkid cf suf rl&if;ykpH (H jypfrI 15^&mZ0wf-34)w&m;½k;H Ny;D jywfcsut f rdeu Yf kd
azmfjyonfhykHpH(jypfrI-18^&mZ0wf 125) (u)ESihfw&m;cHykHo@mef (jypfrI -21)(2)apmifwdkYudk tNrJ
yl;wJaG y;yd&Yk ygonf/ pJcG supf mcsyrf sm;udk wifyo Ykd nfth cg w&m;pJw G ifyo
Ykd nfh jypfr\
I jypf'Pftenf; trsm;udk
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
76
vku d í f NrKUd e,fw&m;&k;H ? jynfe,f^wdik ;f w&m;&k;H rsm;okYd w&m;pJw G ify&Ykd ygonf/ (&JpJG'k-1447^1449)
w&m;&k;H Ny;D jywfcsut f rdeu Yf kd azmfjyonfyh pHk (H jypfrI 18^&mZ0wf 125)(u)wGif oufqidk &f mw&m;
olBu;D u a&;oGi;f &onfh Z,m;acgif;pOfrsm;udk csev f yS Nf y;D trIppft&m&Srd sm;u useZf ,m;uGurf sm;wGif
a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/ jypfru I sL;vGeo f o l nf &mZ0ifvq l ;dk jzpfygu 4if;trnfEiS , fh OS w
f íGJ rifejD zifh (&mZ0if
vlqdk;) [k azmfjy&ygrnf/w&m;cHwpfOD;wpfa,mufxGufajy;aeygu pJGcsufpmcsyfwGif 4if;w&m;cH
xGuaf jy;aeaMumif;w&m;&k;H wGio f ufaocHEidk o f \
l trnfpm&if;udk rifejD zihf a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/
(&Jp'GJ -k 1447)
jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf -110 t& w&m;pJq G dk wifyo Ykd nfh pJcG supf mcsyyf pHk (H jypfrI 17^&mZ0wf
125 )ausmydik ;f &Sd txl;ykpH (H jypfrI -17)(u)wGiv f nf; w&m;pJq G &kd ef trdepYf yfvsO;f onfh a&;oGi;f csurf sm;
yg&Sad p&rnf/ (&JpJG'k-1448)
w&m;cHykHo@mefa&;oGif;&mü &JvufpJGaemufqufwJG (c-5)ESifh (c-6)wkdYwGif yg&Sdaom
vlyo Hk @mef,el nf;ESiu fh u kd n f pD mG a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/ txufjypfcsuaf [mif; usczH ;l olrsm;jzpfvQif txuf
jypfcsucf &H zl;ol w&m;cHjzpfygu taMumif;t&m Z,m;uGuw f iG f jypfcsut f a[mif;rsm;udk azmfjy&rnf/
pJcG supf mcsyaf y;ydo Yk nft
h csed üf txufjypfcsuaf [mif;rsm; wJrG ydEYk idk v f Qif trIppft&m&Su d taMumif;t&m
Z,m;uGuüf jypfcsuaf [mif;rsm;ukd awmif;qkx d m;aMumif; rifejD zihf a&;om; azmfjy&rnf/(&JpJG'k 1449)
avmif;upm;tufOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? ,pfrsKd;tufOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;?
w&m;pJw G ifyo Ykd nfh w&m;cHwiG f txufjypfcsuaf [mif;rsm;&Scd v hJ Qif ykpH (H jypfr-I 34^&mZ0wf 65)(u) wGif
a&;oGi;f í pJcG supf mcsyEf iS t fh wl yl;wJaG y;yd&Yk ygrnf/txufjypfcsuaf [mif; pJcG supf mcsyw f iG f w&m;cH\
trnfEiS , fh OS í f rifejD zihf azmfjy&ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1449)
pJcG supf mcsy&f dS rSwcf suZf ,m;uGuw f iG f w&m;pJw G ifyo Ydk nfph cGJ suf tusO;f csKyu f dk a&;om; az:jy&
rnf/ þrSwcf suZf ,m;uGuw f iG f pJcG sut f usO;f csKyu f dk a&;om;az:jyjcif;onf usix hf ;Hk yk'rf 190 t&
w&m;olBu;D u ppfaq;ta&;,lEidk &f ef &Ju wifjyjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ 4if;tjyif tqkyd grSwcf suf Z,m;uGuf
wGif w&m;cHEiS yhf ufoufí aomfvnf;aumif;? oufaoESiyhf ufoufí aomfvnf;aumif; w&m;&k;H u
BuKd wifo&d o dS ifí h ta&;,lEidk o f nfh taMumif;jci;f&mwku dY kd vnf; a&;oGi;f az:jyoifah yonf/
Oyrm
Oyrm/ w&m;cHonf tjcm;trIwGif tcsKyfjzihf ppfaq;jcif;cHae&oljzpfí axmifxkwf0&rf;
xkwq f ih&f eftwGuf &k;H trnf? trItrSwpf onfwu Ydk dk tqkyd grSwcf suZf ,m;wGif a&;oGi;f&efjzpfonf/
tu,fí ajzmifhcsufay;aom w&m;cHjzpfvQif 4if;rSwfcsufZ,m;wGif w&m;cHay;aom ajzmifhcsuf
trIwt JG rSw?f &k;H trnf ponfwu Ydk dk a&;oGi;f &efjzpfonf/ oufaoESiyhf ufoufí rnfonfo h ufao
wku Yd dk w&m;&k;H rS or®ex f w k q f if&h ef jzpfaMumif; 4if;rSwcf suZf ,m;wGif a&;oGi;f az:jyoifah yonf/
pJGcsufpmcsyf\ a&SUrsufESmatmufajcwGif pJGcsufpmcsyfESifhtwl w&m;&kH;okdY yl;wJGay;ykdYaom
tjcm;&JpuúL&yfrsm; aysmufq;Hk jcif;r&Sad p&ef pm&if;a&;om;az:jy&ef vkyd gonf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
77
w&m;&k;H wGif trIppfaq;Ny;D onfah emuf csrw S of nfh w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rdeu Yf dk &mZ0wfw&m;ol
Bu;D ykpH H (jypfrI 18^&mZ0wf125 )(u) wGif jznfph u G af &;oGi;f í rIcif;rSww f rf;t&m&Sx d oH Ydk ay;yk&Yd rnf/
xkdtcgwGif 4if;ykHpHukd NrdKUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;rS wqifh jynfe,f^wkdif;&JwyfzGJYrSL;&kH;okdY xyfqifhay;ykdY&rnf/
4if;ykpH EH iS t hf wl rIcif;rSww f rf;t&m&So d nf tpD&ifcpH mwpfapmifudk w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rdeEYf iS hf pyfvsO;f í
rdr\ d ok;H oyf,q l csurf sm;ukd a&;om;ay;yk&Yd rnf/ 4if;tpD&ifcpH mwGif yg&S&d rnfh tcsut f vufwrYdk mS
trIppfaq;&mwGif tcsed rf nfrQMumaMumif; jypf'PfEiS yhf ufoufí vku d af vsmnDaxGr&I ^dS r&Sd ? qk;H jzwfcsuf
rSef^rrSef ? (w&m;ao)(w&m;&Sif) vGwfaom trIwkdYwGif trIppft&m&Sd\ pkHaxmufppfaq;jcif;ü
vkt d yfcsu&f ^dS r&Sd ponfwYdk jzpfygonf/ trIppft&m&S\ d vktd yfcsuw f pfpHk wpf&maMumifh jypfru I sL;vGeof l
onf jypf'PfrS vTwNf ird ;f cGi&hf cJv h Qif jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;onf vkt d yfovkd ta&;,l aqmif&u G f
vdrrhf nf/ (&JpJG'k 1450)
jypfrIusL;vGefolwkdY\ jypfcsufrsm;ukd vufykHpH,lí vufykHpHXmeokdY ay;ykdY&onfh jypfrIrsm;jzifh
jypf'Pfusaom jypfrIrsm;wGif? jypfrIusL;vGefolrsm;\ vufaAGukd ykHpH(jypfrI 48^ &mZ0wf 103) wGif
rIcif;rSwfwrf;t&m&Sdonf vufykHpHESdyf,lNyD; w&m;&kH;pD&ifcsuftrdefYyg&Sdonfh ykHpH (jypfrI 81^&mZ0wf
125) (u) ESifh twlwJGí NrdKUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;&kH;okdY ay;ykdY&rnf/ rIcif;rSwfwrf;r&Sdaom ae&mrsm;wGif
oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;&Sd wyfMuyfBu;D pma&;rS wm0ef,al qmif&u G &f rnf/ (&JpJG'k 1451)
w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rdeu Yf dk &Jpcef;&So
d ufqidk &f m rSwyf wHk ifpmtkyrf sm;wGif a&;oGi;f Ekid &f ef tvkiYd mS
rIcif;rSwfwrf;t&m&Sdonf &JpuúL&yfrS aemufqkH;trIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;ausmbufwGif a&;om;az:jyí
&Jpcef;okdY jyefvnfay;ykdY&rnf/ okdYrSomvQif &Jpcef;u vpOf vufaAGvlqkd;ESifh rmwdumpmcsyfvlqkd;
pm&if;jyKp&k mü vG,u f rl nfjzpfygonf/ (&JpJG'k 1639)
t,lc&H mwGif jyKjyifajymif;vJonfh w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rderYf sm;ukd jynfe,f^wkid ;f w&m;olBu;D u
jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;xH owfrw S xf m;onfh w&m;&k;H ykpH H (jypfrI 180)jzihf taMumif;Mum;onfjzpfí
jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;u oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;okYd NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;&k;H rS wpfqifh qufvufñeT Mf um;&rnf/
(&Jp'GJ k 1452)
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f &rnfh tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk aemufq;Hk a&;oGi;f onfh aeY&ufrpS í wpfEpS w f idk af tmif xde;f odr;f xm;&Sd
Ny;D zsuq f ;D Ekid yf gonf? (&J&JpJG'k 1330
1330)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
78
rSwfykHwif (25)
&Jta&;rykdifonfh jypfrIrsm; rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
jypfrq I ikd &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 155(2) t& ? &Jta&;r,lyidk o f nfh jypfrrI sm;ukd pD&ifyidk cf iG &hf adS om
w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ qifq h cdk suf trderYf &&Sv d Qif rnfonf&h t J &m&Sd wpfpw Hk pfO;D urQ pkpH rf;ppfaq;ykid cf iG hf
r&Syd g/ ok&Yd mwGif xku d ohJ Ydk ta&;,lrykid o f nf jzpfaomfjim;vnf; trsm;jynfow l \ Ydk tusK;d iSm vkt d yfvQif
pkHprf;ta&;,l&ef oufqkdif&mw&m;&kH;okdY wkdifavQmufw&m;pJGqkdEkdifygonf/ þuJhokdY w&m;pJGqkd&mü
pepfwus rSww f rf;wifxm;&SEd idk &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk xm;&S&d jcif;jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKonfh ykpH H
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk (jypfrI 40^&J 89) ykpH jH zifh tok;H jyK&ef owfrw S x f m;&Syd gonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þykpH w H iG f rl&if;ESihf rl&if;cJG (2)apmifudk wpfBurd w f nf;wGif rifcpH uúL tok;H jyK a&;oGi;f Ekid yf gonf/
trIwpfcktwGuf ykHpHwpfckukdom a&;oGif;tokH;jyK&ygonf/ þykHpHjzifh w&m;pJGwifykdY&rnfh &Jta&;
r,lyidk af om jypfrrI sm;rSm wnfqOJ ya'wpf&yf&yfwiG f yg0ifí jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya' 'kw, d Z,m;wGif
oD;jcm;az:jyxm;ygonf/þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyjf zifh &Jta&;rykid af om jypfrrI sm;ukd w&m;pGq J &dk mwGif &JwyfzUJG 0if
wpfO;D taejzifo h m w&m;pGq J Edk idk yf gonf/þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f &Jta&;rykid af om jypfrrI sm;ukd w&m;pGq J dk
&mwGif &JwyfzUJG 0ifr[kwo f rl sm;\owif;ay;wkid cf surf sm;ukd a&;oGi;f jcif;rjyK&yg/þrSwyf w Hk if pmtkyw f iG f
a&;oGif;onfhtcsufrsm;rSm owif;ay;wkdifwef;csufr[kwfbJ &JwyfzGJU\wkdifavQmufcsuf okdYr[kwf
J cdk surf Qom jzpfonfudk owdjyKyg/ ( &JpJG'k 1454 )
pGq
þykpH jH zihf &Jta&;r,lyidk af om jypfru I dk oufqidk &f mw&m;&k;H okYd wkid af vQmufpq GJ adk omtcg (jypfrI
10^125) (u) ykpH w H iG f w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rdeYf a&;oGi;f Ekid &f ef tpOftNrJ yl;wJaG y;yk&Yd ygonf/ w&m;&k;H
pD&ifcsut f rdeuYf dk w&m;&k;H u trIp&D ifq f ;Hk jzwfNy;D vQif rIcif;rSww f rf;t&m&Srd S wqifh oufqidk &f m &Jpcef;okYd
jyefvnfay;yd&Yk rnf/ xkt d cgwGif w&m;&k;H pD&ifcsut f rdeu Yf dk &Jpcef;&Sd rl&if;cJG vufcyH pHk aH tmufyidk ;f wGif
a&;oGif;az:jy&rnf/ w&m;&kH;pD&ifcsuftrdefYyg&Sdaom ykHpH (jypfrI 18^&J 125) (u) ukdrl pmwGJzGifhí
oD;jcm;xm;&S&d rnf/ESppf Of Zefe0g&Dvqef; (1) &ufaeYa&mufaomtcg NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;&k;H u ESpcf sKyf
tpD&ifcpH mwGif a&;oGi;f Ekid &f ef ñTe;f az:jy&rnf jzpfNy;D þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk c&kid &f wJ yfzUJG rSL;&k;H okYd ESpcf sKyf
tpD&ifcpH mwGif trIrsm;taMumif; twkad umufxnfo h iG ;f Ekid af p&ef wify&Ydk rnf/ ( &JpJG'k 1454 )
þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfjzihf &Jta&;r,lykdifaom jypfrIrsm;ukd w&m;pJGqkd&mwGif &JwyfzJGU0ifwpfOD;
taejzihfom pJGqkdEkdifygonf/ þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfwGif &Jta&;r,laom jypfrIukd owif;ay;wkdifwef;
onft h cg oufqidk &f mwkid cf supf mtkyf (rSwyf w Hk if 20)wGif a&;oGi;f onfh enf;wl &JwyfzUGJ 0ifr[kwo f rl sm;\
owif;ay;wkid w f ef;csurf sm;ukd a&;oGi;f jcif; rjyK&yg/ þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f a&;oGi;f onfh tcsurf sm;rSm
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
79
owif;ay;wkdifwef;csufr[kwfbJ &JwyfzJGU\ wkdifavQmufcsuf? okdYr[kwf pJGqkdcsufrSom jzpfonfukd
owdjyK&ygrnf/ (&J&JpJG'k 1425 1425)
þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfukd aemufqkH;a&;oGif;rnfhaeY&ufrS wpfESpfjynfhonfhwkdifatmif xdef;odrf;
xm;&SNd y;D zsuq f ;D cGi&hf ydS gonf/ (&J&JpJG'k 1330
1330)
rSwfykHwif (26)
ckd;&mygypönf;rsm; rSwfykHwif pm&if;pmtkyf
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tydk'f 1464 )
&Jpcef;odkY vma&mufwkdifwef;onfh jypfrSKrsm;wGif ypönf;rsm; ckd;,laysmufqkH;aMumif;yg&Sdonfh
wkid w
f ef;aom ypön;f rsm;ukd pkpH rf;&SmazG&ef aMumfjimEkid &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk a&;zGiahf qmif&u G f
&ygonf/
tok;H jyKaom ykpH H
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk (jypfrKS 26^&mZ0wf 50) ykpH w H iG f a&;oGi;f tok;H jyK&ygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þykpH u H dk a&;oGi;f &mü atmufygtcsurf sm;wkYd *&kpu dk f a&;oGi;f &ygonf -
( 1 ) ypön;f aysmufypHk pH m&if;ukd aqmvsipf mG ay;yk&Yd jcif; (vkt d yfvQif aMu;eef;jzifh ay;ykjYd cif;)
( 2 ) ypön;f yko H P²mefrsm;ukd az:jy&mwGif &Ekid o f rQtrSwt f om;rsm;ESiahf ysmufq;Hk onfyh pön;f
\csKUd ,Gi;f csuw f uYdk dk jynfph pHk mG az:jy&jcif;/
( 3 ) aysmufq;Hk aom ypön;f rsm; a&muf&EdS ikd zf , G &f m&So d nfh t&yfa'oukd ykid q f idk o
f nfh &Jpcef;rsm;
oko Yd mvQif ay;yk&Yd jcif; jzpfygonf/ ( &JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1464 )
aysmufq;Hk onf0h w¬ypön;f \yko H @meftrSwt f om; azsmufzsurf &Ekid af om xl;jcm;onfh csKUd ,Gi;f
rItrSwt f om;rsm;ukd aphpyfusepkv H ifpmG wpfcpk aD &;om;jyKp&k rnf/Oyrmtm;jzifh ck;d ,lc&H aom a&'D,?dk
uufquf? w,fvAD if;&Si;f wk\ Yd trs;d tpm;? puftrSwEf iS x hf w k v f yk o
f nfch Ek pS ?f trSwt f om; vufc0H ,f
,lonfq h idk rf sm;rS jyefvnfjyifqif&efrvG,u f al om trSwt f om; csKUd ,Gi;f rIyo Hk @mefwu Ydk dk aphpyfwud s
pGmar;jref;í oufqidk &f m pcef;rSL;onf wkid ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;ESichf &kid jf ynfe,frsm;txd zke;f aMu;eef;jzifh owif;
ay;ykjYd zefcY saD z:xkw&f rnfjzpfonf/ ( &JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1464 )
ykpH ZH ,m;wGif acgif;pOfrsm; yg&So d nft h wkid ;f oufqidk &f mwku Yd dk az:jyí aMumfjimay;yko Yd nfh acsmpm
trSw^f aeYpEJG iS hf rnfonf&h pJ cef;rsm;okYd ay;ykaYd Mumif; az:jyxm;&S&d rnf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
80
rSwfykHwif (26) (u)
rdrNd rKdUe,ftwGi;f &Sd tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufq;Hk aeonfyh pörsm; pm&if;pmtkyf
rdrNd rKUd e,ftwGi;f &Sd tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS ck;d ,laysmufq;Hk aom ypön;f pm&if;rsm;ukd vufc&H &So d nft h cg
rdr&d pJ cef;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f ulnpD pHk rf;ppfaq;csurf sm; a&;oGi;f xm;&ef jzpfygonf/pkpH rf;awGU&Scd su?f
pkpH rf;ppfaq;ol t&m&S\ d trnfEiS hf vufrw S yf g&So
d nfh ykpH ZH ,m;rsm;csí vufc&H &Sad om ypön;f aysmuf
aMumfjimwpfcpk w D iG f oD;jcm;wGx
J m;&ygrnf/ypön;f aysmuf aMumfjim&&Sad omtcg vufc&H &Sad Mumif; ajypmukd
rlvay;ykcYd ahJ om &Jpcef;okYd jyefvnfay;yk&Yd ygonf/ (&JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1465)
rSwfykHwif (26) (c)

tjcm;NrKdUe,f&dS &Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufq;Hk aom ypön;f rsm; pm&if;pmtkyf
tjcm;NrKUd e,ftwGi;f &Sd ck;d ,laysmufq;Hk oGm;aom ypön;f rsm;pm&if;ukd vufc&H &So d nft
h cg rdr&d pJ cef;
rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f ulnpD pHk rf;ppfaq;csurf sm; a&;oGi;f xm;&ef jzpfygonf? txufaz:jycJah om &Jpcef;
(rSwyf w Hk if 26) (u)pmwGw J iG f yg&So
d nfh vkyef nf;twkid ;f vku d ef maqmif&u G &f ef jzpfygonf/(&JvufpGJ
'kw, d wGJ tyk'd f 1465)
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m; xde;f odr;f xm;&rnht f csed u
f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtk y f t m; (3)ESpwf idk af tmif xde;f odr;f xm;&SNd y;D zsuqf ;D cGi&hf ygonf/ ( &JvufpGJ
'kw, d wGt J yk'd f 1330
1330)
rSwfykHwif (27)
aysmufqkH;oGm;aom uRJ? EGm; wd&dpämefrsm; pm&if;rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
(&Jvufp'JG w k , d wGtJ yk'd f 1464)
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf xm;&S&d jcif;\&nf&, G cf suf
rdrd&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGif; ckd;,laysmufqkH;oGm;aom qif? jrif;? jrnf;? vm;? uRJ? EGm; wd&dpämef
wku
Yd dk þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f pepfwusa&;oGi;f í jyefvnfzrf;qD;F &rdEidk &f eftwGuf pkpH rf;í aMumfjimpmukd
aysmufq;Hk oGm;onfh wd&pd mä efrsm; a&muf&o dS mG ;Ekid rf nfh a'oqkid &f m &Jpcef;okYd ay;ykpYd pHk rf;Ekid &f eftwGuf
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk xm;&d&S jcif; jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKaom ykpH H
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk (jypfrKS 26^&mZ0wf 51)ykpH w H iG f a&;oGi;f tok;H jyK&ygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þykpH u H dk a&;oGi;f &mwGif aysmufq;Hk oGm;onfh wd&pd mä efrsm;\yko H P²mefudk a&;oGi;f &mwGif tvG,f
wul cGjJ cm;od&EdS idk af &;twGuf trSwt f om;rsm;ukd jynfph pHk mG az:jy&ygonf/aysmufq;Hk oGm;aom wd&pämef
rsm;\yko H @mefEiS t hf em&Gwrf sm; csKUd ,Gi;f aeaom t*Fgtpdwt f ykid ;f rsm; aAGrsm;? tusiphf &kud rf sm; ponfh
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
81
&EkdiforQ tcsufrsm;ukd jynfhpkHpGm ar;jref;a&;om;az:jy&rnf/ykHpHZ,m;wGif oufqkdif&macgif;pOfrsm;
twkid ;f a&;oGi;f Ny;D aMumfjimpmay;yko
Yd nfh acsmpmtrSw^f &ufpEJG iS rhf nfonhf &Jpcef;rsm;okYd ay;ykaYd Mumif;
az:jyxm;&rnf/
rSwfykHwif (27) (u)

rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufq;Hk onfh wd&pd mä efrsm; pm&if;pmtkyf
rdrNd rKUd e,ftwGi;f &Sd tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS ck;d ,laysmufq;Hk aom wd&pd mä efrsm;\aMumfjimpmrsm;ukd vufcH
&&So
d nfth cg þrSwyf w Hk ifonf wGí
J ulnpD pHk rf;&ef jzpfygonf/ulnpD pHk rf;ppfaq;csurf sm;ukd a&;oGi;f &ef
twGuf &ufpJG pkpH rf;csu?f pkpH rf;olt&m&S?d trnfEiS v hf ufrwS yf g&Sad om ykpH ZH ,m;rsm;csí vufc&H &Sad Mumif;
aMumfjimwpfcpk w D iG f cGjJ cm;í wGx
J m;&ygrnf/aMumfjimvufc&H &Sad Mumif;ukd ay;yk&Yd if;jzpfonfh oufqidk &f m
&Jpcef;okYd jyefvnfí ay;yk&Yd ygonf/ ( &JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtydk'f 1465 )
rSwfykHwif (27) ( c )
tjcm;NrKdUe,f&dS &Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufq;Hk oGm;aom wd&pd mä efrsm; pm&if;pmtkyf
tjcm;NrKUd e,ftwGi;f &Sd &Jpcef;f rsm;rS ck;d ,laysmufq;Hk oGm;aom wd&pd mä efrsm; pm&if;ukd vufc&H &Sad om
tcg þpmwGJwGif wGJíulnDpkHprf;&ef jzpfygonf/txufaz:jyyg (rSwfykHwif 27) (u)wGif yg&Sdonfh
vkyif ef;pOfrsm; twkid ;f aqmif&u G &f efjzpfygonf/ ( &JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1465 )
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m; xde;f odr;f xm;&rnht f csed u
f mv
þrS w f y k H w if p mtkytf m; (3)ESpw f ;D cGi&hf ygonf/ (&JvufpGJ
f idk af tmif xde;f odr;f xm;&SNd y;D zsuq
'kw,d wGt J yk'd f 1330)
rSwfykHwif (28)
rawmfwq xdckdufaoqkH;olwkdYESifhrdrdukd,fukdrdrdowfí aoolwkdYqkdif&m zkdifwJGrsm;
rawmfwq xdcu dk af oqk;H rIrsm;ESihf rdru
d ,
dk u
f dk rdro
d wfaojcif;rsm;twGuf &Jpcef;okYd vma&muf
wkid w
f ef;aom jzpf&yfrsm;wGif pepfwus rSww f rf;wifppHk rf;ppfaq; aqmif&u G Ef idk &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w
Hk if
ukd xm;&S&d jcif;jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKonfh ykpH H
vlaotavmif;ukd awGY&SdaMumif;? okdYr[kwf "r®wmtwkdif;r[kwfbJaomfvnf;aumi;f?
&kww f &ufaomfvnf;aumi;f aoqk;H jcif;rsm;jzpfymG ;cJah omf atmufygykpH rH sm;ukd tok;H jyK&rygonf-
(u) (jypfrI 37^&mZ0wf 74) aq;q&m0efrS ppfaq;prf;oyf&ef tpD&ifccH su/f
(c) (jypfrI 38^&mZ0wf 75) aoqk;H aMumif; aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH su/f
uefo
Y wf
uefo
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82
a&;oGi;f enf;
rawmfwq xdckdufaoqkH;jcif;ESifh rdrdukd,fukd rdrdowfaoaMumi;fukd &Jpcef;okdY vma&mufí
wkdifwef;aomtcg (jypfrI 37^&J 74) ykHpH (2) apmifwGif rifcHpuúLcHa&;oGif;í ausmbuf&Sd rSwfcsuf
Z,m;acgif;pOfatmufwGif wkdifwef;csufukd a&;om;az:jyNyD; &Jpcef;rSL;rSu vufrSwfa&;xkd;vsuf
rl&if;cJwG pfapmifudk ppfaq;ykid cf iG &hf adS om teD;qk;H w&m;olBu;D xHoYdk ay;yk&Yd ygrnf/ xkaYd emuf &Jpcef;rSL;
onf rdrdukd,fwkdifaomfvn;faumi;f? rdrdvufatmuf t&m&dS wpfOD;OD;aomfvnf;aumif; jzpfyGm;&m
t&yfoYdk csucf si;f oGm;a&muf pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ygrnf/
ok&Yd mwGif aoqk;H jcif;onf ppfwyfe,fajrtwGi;f jzpfNy;D wyfrawmfom; wpfO;D wpfa,muf (ok)Yd
wyfrawmf tckid ;f tapwpfO;D wpfa,muf\ rw&m;aomvufcsuaf Mumifh aoqk;H &jcif;jzpfvQif NrKd Ue,f
&JwyfzUGJ rSL;uk, d wf idk f pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ygrnf/ NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL; pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif; rjyKEidk yf gu &Jpef;rSL;u
pkHprf;ppfaq;&ygrnf/ wyfrawmfbufqkdif&mrS ppfaq;onfjzpfap? rppfaq;onfjzpfap? &JwyfzJGUu
pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnf jzpfygonf/ ok&Yd mwGif ppfaq;ykid cf iG &hf adS om w&m;olBu;D u ppfaq;&ef aqmvsipf mG
taMumif;Mum;&ygrnf/ ppftusO;f axmiftwGi;f ü aoqk;H &jcif;jzpfvQif ? ppfaq;ykid cf iG &hf adS om w&m;ol
BuD;onf pkHprf;ppfaq;jcif;ukd rjyKvkyfbJ rae&? pkHprf;ppfaq;&rnf/ tvm;wl tusOf;axmif (okdY)
tusO;f XmeESiyfh ufoufonfh aoqk;H jcif;rsm;vnf; ppfaq;ykid cf iG &hf adS om w&m;olBu;D u pkpH rf;ppfaq;&
rnfomjzpfonf/ xku d ohJ Ydk pkpH rf;ppfaq;&eftwGuf a'oqkid &f mwGif &So d nfh tqift h wef;jzifrh m;aom
w&m;olBu;D xHoYdk taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ xku d ohJ Ydk taMumif;Mum; aepOf tcsed u f mvtwGi;f tavmif;ESihf
tjcm;qufpyfonfh oufaocHypön;f wku Yd dk a&TUajymif;ysupf ;D jcif; r&Sad p&ef xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf xm;&
rnf/ w&m;olBu;D uk, d wf idk f aorIaocif; ppfaq;aomtcg &JwyfzUGJ u ppfaq;&efrvkyd g/ (&JpJG'k 1467?)
aojcif;taMumif;ESihf yufoufí pkpH rf;ar;jref;aqmif&u G &f rnf? oufaorsm;wkw Yd iG f aoqk;H jcif;
ESihf yufoufonfh taMumif;jcif;&m? odjrifow l u Ydk dk yg0ifap&ef vkt d yfonf/ (&JpJG'k 1471)
1471)/ aoqk;H jcif;
taMumif;aq;q&m0efu ppfaq;&ef vkt d yfonft h cg (jypfrI 38^&J 75) ykpH w H iG f a&;oGi;f í oufqidk &f m
q&m0efxo H Ydk vma&mufppfaq;ay;&ef taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ (&JpJG'k 1472) 1472)/ aq;q&m0efEiS hf w&m;olBu;D
wkdY tavmif;&Sd&mokdY vma&mufNyD; Munfh&I&pNrJjzpfí rvma&mufEkdifonfh tcgrSomvQif aq;&kHokdY
tavmif;ukd yk&Yd efjzpfygonf/ aq;q&m0efrS ppfaq;&ef rvkt d yfonfh aorIaocif;rsm;wGif tavmif;
tm; aq;&ko H Ydk ykaYd y;&ef rvkyd g?? ( &JpJG'k 1482 )
aoqk;H olonf rl;,pfaq;0g;ESiyhf wfoufonf[, k ql ygu rl;,pftxl;tzGUJ ESiu hf Rr;f usio f rl cI if;
wyfzUJG c&kid rf LS ;wkx Yd H csucf si;f wifjyí tcif;jzpft&yfü use&f adS om oufaocHypön;f rsm; tjynft h pkH &&Sd
a&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&u G &f ef tultnDawmif;cH&rnf/ ( &JpGJ'k - 1472 )
aorIaocif;ppfaq;&mü aoqk;H jcif;taMumif;t&if; ay:ayguf&ef ta&;wBu;D vkt d yfonf
jzpf&m tavmif;wnf&o dS nfah e&mESihf ywf0ef;usiw f wYdk iG f use&f pfcahJ om oJveG pf ? ajc&mvuf&m tp&Sd
aom oJveG pf wpfpw Hk pf&m awG&Y v dS Qif aocsmpGm ppfaq;Munf&h &I ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1473)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
83
tqdyfcwfaoqkH;jcif;? BudK;qJGcsaoqkH;jcif;? a&wGif;a&uef? jrpf? acsmif;rsm;wGif aoqkH;jcif;?

uGif;jyif? okdYr[wkf awmwGif;ü aoqkH;jcif;? owfNyD;aemuf ajrjrKyfxm;jcif; ponfjzifh rouFm&ef
&Sad om aoqk;H rIrsm;wGif pkpH rf;ppfaq;ol t&m&So d nf rnfonft h wGuaf Mumifh aoqk;H &aMumif; ay:ayguf
ap&ef jyXmef;xm;onfh tcsut f vufrsm;ukd rlwnfí pkpH rf; ppfaq;&ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1473? 1375?
1476? 1477? 1479)
ajrjrKyNf y;D aom tavmif;rsm;ESiyfh ufoufí aorIaocif;ukd pkpH rf;ppfaq;aomtcg ppfaq;ykid cf iG hf
&Sdonfh w&m;olBuD;a&SUü wl;az:&rnf jzpfaomfvnf; w&m;olBuD;rvma&mufEkdifu wl;az:ppfaq;
Ekid o f nf/ ok&Yd mwGif tavmif;ukd ajrjrKyx f m;jcif;rSm &ufowåywf (3) ywfxuf ausmv f eG Nf y;D jzpfygu
NrKd Ue,fq&m0efBu;D \ xifjrifcsuEf iS hf NrKd Ue,fw&m;olBu;D wk\ Yd cGijhfyKcsuu f dk &,lNy;D rSomvQif wl;az:ppfaq;
Ekid yf gonf/ (&JpJG'k 1480)
aoqk;H onfh tavmif;tm; tNy;D owfaqmif&u G jf cif;ESihf yufoufí aq;&ko H Ydk cJpG yd Mf unf&h &I ef
ay;yk&Yd aom udprö sm;wGif tavmif;ukd o,f,al y;yk&Yd onfh o,f,cl ukd cGijhf yKeeI ;f ? okrYd [kwf a'oqkid &f m
aps;EIe;f rsm;twkid ;f oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;u uscaH pNy;D ajrjrKyjf cif;? rD;oN*Kd [jf cif;wku Yd dk oufqidk &f m aqGrsK;d
om;csif;wkdYu rjyKvkyfEkdifvQif ukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd aq;&kHu uscHap&ygrnf/ aq;&kHwGif ppfaq;jcif;
rjyKvyk af om tavmif;rsm;? ajrjrKyf oN*Kd [&f onfh ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;ukd ]ao} pm&if;jyKvyk v f suf NrKd Ue,f
&JwyfzUGJ rSL;&k;H okYd wifyí f sp&dwrf sm;ukd uscaH p&ef jzpfygonf/ (&JpJG'k1489)
Ydk ukeu
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46^&mZ0wf 134)ykpH jH zifh vufaAGvq l ;dk aoqk;H aMumif; tif;pderf KS cif;wyfzUJG okYd taMumif;Mum;&ygrnf/
4if;tjyif vufaAGvlqkd;onf (&JpGJ('k) tykd'f 1513)tykd'f (7)wGif yg&Sdonfh vk,ufrSK? azgufxGif;rSK
ponfh jypfrKS rsm;ukd usL;vGev f Qiv f nf; &mZ0wf jypfrKS jyefwrf;wGif aMumfjimEkid &f eftwGuf (jypfrKS 62)ykpH u H dk
ay;ykEYd idk yf gonf/
(&Jvufp'JG w k , d wGt J yk'd f 1583 ESihf 1639) (u)t& vufaAGvq l ;dk pm&if;ukd &GmpOftvku d f trnf?
(b)trnfrsm; jynfhpkHpGm jyKpka&;oGif;xm;&ygrnf/&Jpcef;&Sde,fxdef;tzGJUwGif wpfOD;pDü wpftkyfuspD
jyKpx
k ed ;f odr;f xm;&rnfjzpfygonf/
vufaAGrsm;ukd rnfonft h cgwGif y,fzsuEf ikd o f enf;
vufaAGrsm;ukd y,fzsuEf idk &f eftwGuf pkaH xmufXmevufpJG yxrwGt J yk'd f (273^279^280)wkw Yd iG f
az:jyxm;ygonf/
(u) tNrt J qdycf wfo?l aiGpuúLtwk? aiG'*Fg;twkjyKvyk o f ?l &mZ0wfruif;aom toufarG;jrL
olrsm;? vufeufrsm;? vQKUd 0Suw f ifaqmifxw k ^f oGi;f olvq l ;dk rsm;twGuf aoqk;H rSomvQif
y,fzsu&f rnf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
89
(c) tjcm;az:jyyg tcsurf sm;wGif -
( 1 ) jypf'Pf E S p f B ud r f x uf r rsm; uscb H ;l olrsm;? axmifrS aemufq;Hk vTwo f nfah eYrS
a&wGuaf omf (7)ESpv f eG af jrmufonft h cg
( 2 ) jypf'PfEpS Bf urd x f uf ykrd u
dk scbH ;l olrmS axmifrS aemufq;Hk vTwo f nfah eYrS a&wGuf
aomf(10)ESpaf jrmufonft h cg
( 3 ) vlq;dk onf touf(70)jynfo h nft h cg
( 4 ) vlq;dk aoqk;H onft h cg? tvsiq f ;kH usonft h csuu f dk ta&;,laqmif&u G &f ygrnf/
(62)ykpH H a&;oGi;f enf;

(62)ykpH H a&;oGi;f &mwGif w&m;cHajy;tm; awGUjrifvQif od&rdS w S rf Ed idk af vmufatmif xl;jcm;onfh
trl t&mrsm;? trSwt f om;rsm;yg0ifonfh yko H @mefa&;oGi;f &ef vkt d yfygonf/xkaYd emuf w&m;cHajy;\
tquftoG,f aqGrsK;d rsm;pm&if;ukd jynfjh ynfph pHk &Hk &SEd idk &f ef vkt d yfygonf/tb,faMumifq h adk omf tquf
toG,frsm; ESifhywfoufí w&m;cHajy;tm; pkHprf;zrf;qD;Ekdif&efjzpfygonf/ta&;BuD;aom tcsufrSm
(62)ykpH u H dk oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;rsm;okYd vsijf refpmG ay;ykNYd y;D ulnzD rf;qD;ay;Ekid &f ef taMumif;Mum;jcif;yif
jzpfonf/(62)ykpH aH y;ykjYd cif; r&Srd D vlq;dk aexkid &f mt&yfudk wduspmG owif;&&Sv d Qif trSKppfaq;ol t&m&Sd
ukd,fwkdifoGm;a&mufí zrf;qD; oifhygonf/
,cktcg trSKppft&m&Sw d pfcsKUd onf (62)ykpH uH dk pdwyf g0ifpm;pGmjzifh jyKpak &;om;jcif;r&Sb d J jypfrKS qidk f
&m usix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf (512)t& oufqidk &f mw&m;&k;H okYd w&m;pGw J ifonft h csed af &mufro S m wyfzUJG 0if
wpfO;D OD;tm; ta&;wBu;D pkpH rf;a&;oGi;f aponfh tjzpfrsm;uko d m awGU&S&d aomaMumifh w&m;cH\ yko H @mef
ESit hf quf toG,rf sm;ukd jynfph pHk mG az:jyEkid jf cif; r&Sad y/
(62)ykpH aH &;oGi;f &mwGif atmufygtcsurf sm;ukd txl;*&kpu dk af &;om;oifah yonf -
trSwfpOf ( 1 )/ trnf&if; (tjcm;ac:a0:onft h rnfrsm;)ESit hf vkyt f ukid /f
w&m;cHajy;wpfO;D onf xGuaf jy;aepOf umvtwGi;f rdr\ d trnf&if;ukd rok;H yJ i,femrnfjzpfap?
rdwaf qGtaygif;toif;rsm;u ac:a0:onfh trnfujdk zpfap tok;H jyKwwfygonf/rdr\ d trnf&if;ukd
ok;H apumrl emrnfwpfcsKUd wpf0ufuo dk m tok;H jyKvrd rhf nf/
Oyrm/ armif0if;jrift h m; armifjrihjf zpfap? armif0if;jzpfap ac:rnfom jzpfonf/
okjYd zpfí w&m;cHajy;rsm;\i,femrnfudk rdwaf qGtaygif;toif;rsm;u ac:a0:onft h rnfrsm;
ukyd g pkpH rf;a&;oGi;f oifyh gonf/
tvkyt f ukid af z:jya&;om;&m0,f usyef;tvky[ f k Ny;D pvG,rf a&;bJ Oyrmtm;jzifh v,fvyk o f m;?
ukew f ifvyk o f m;? a&vkyo f m;? opfpufvyk o f m;? qefpufvyk o f m;ponfjzifh w&m;cHajy;jyKvyk w f wfaom
tvkyt f ukid af y:wGif ay:vGix f if&mS ;atmif pkpH rf;í a&;oGi;f oifyh gonf/
w&m;cHajy;onf a&muf&adS om t&yfa'owGif 4if;uRr;f usio f nfh tvkyjf zifh toufarG;0rf;
ausmif; jyKvyk rf nfrmS rvGaJ y/
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
90
trSwfpOf ( 2 )/ tb? trdtrnf
w&m;cHajy;\tb? trdtrnfrSm rsm;pGmta&;rBuD;aomfvnf;? rdbaexkdifonfhae&yfukd
od&EdS idk &f ef ta&;Bu;D ygonf/rdbaexkid o f nfah e&yfudk od&rdS o S mvQif w&m;cHajy;onf rdbaqGrsK;d rsm;
&Sad om ae&yfoYdk oGm;a&mufrnf? tenf;qk;H pmjzifq h ufo, G &f ef taMumif;&So
d nf/w&m;cHajy;\ rdbrsm;
xH ar;jref;vQif w&m;cHajy;yko H @meftrSet f uefq;Hk &S&d rnfjzpfygonf/
trSwfpOf ( 3 )/ arG;zGg;&mt&yf
arG;zGg;&m t&yfwiG f w&m;cHajy;\aqG;rsK;d &if;?i,foil ,fcsi;f rsm;&Srd nfrmS trSeyf ifjzpfygonf/
4if;wkYd xHrS w&m;cHajy;yko H @mef&&SEd idk rf nf jzpfygonf/w&m;cHajy;onf 4if;wkx Yd H vma&mufaumif;
vma&mufEidk rf nfjzpfygonf/
trSwfpOf ( 4 )/ aexkid Nf rtJ &yfa'o
aexkid Nf rt J &yfwiG f 4if;\ZeD;ESio hf m;orD;rsm; &Srd nfjzpfí þtcsuu f vdk nf; *&kpu dk jf yKpak z:jyoifh
ayonf/
trSwfpOf ( 5 )/ touf
awm&GmwGif aexkid Nf y;D tvkyMf urf;vkyu f idk í
f toufarG;jrLolrsm;onf rdrw d t Ydk oufxuf t&G,f
tkrd if;&ihaf &mfonfudk awGU&S&d wwfygonf/okjYd zpfygí toufurdk eS ;f qí a&;oGi;f jcif;rjyKbJ arG;ouú&mZf
tm; wduspmG &&SEd idk af tmif pkpH rf;Ny;D rS a&;oGi;f oifyh gonf/
trSwfpOf ( 6 rS 22 xd)
&&SEd idk o
f rQ tcsut f vufrsm;tm; pkpH rf;í jynfph pHk mG a&;oGi;f oihyf gonf/
trSwpf Of (23)/ trSwt f om;rsm;/
(62)ykpH w H iG f þtcsuo f nf ta&;tBu;D qk;H jzpfygonf/ok&Yd mwGif trSKppft&m&Srd sm;rSm þtcsuf
ukd *&kwpkdufa&;oGif;jcif; r&SdaMumif;awGU&Sd&ygonf/w&m;cHajy;onf toufi,f&G,fpOftcgrSpí
toufBuD; vmonftxd rawmfwqxdckduf'Pf&m&&Sdjcif; &Sd^r&Sdukd pkHprf;ppfaq;NyD;? &&Sdonfh
'Pf&mtay:rlwnfí uk, d af y:wGif xif&mS ;onft h rSwtf om;rsm;ukd a&;om;az:jyoifah yonf/
trSwpf Of (24 ESihf 25)
xl;jcm;aom trlt&mrsm;ESiq hf ifjref;Nrt J 0wfwefqm tao;pdwpf pHk rf;axmufvrS ;f í jynfph Hk
atmif a&;oGi;f oihyf gonf/
trSwpf Of (26)/ w&m;cHajy;\rdwaf qGtaygif;toif;rsm;/
w&m;cHajy;\rdwaf qGtaygif;toif;rsm;omru 4if;ESiyhf wfoufonfh ZeD;\aqGrsK;d pm&if;rsm;
ukyd g &,laz:jy&ef ta&;Bu;D ygonf/aqGrsK;d rsm;teuf w&m;cHajy;ESit hf cifrifq;Hk yk*K¾ v
d rf sm;ESirhf w
d af qGrsm;
teufrS 4if;,kMH unftm;uk;d olrsm;ukv d nf; &&Sad tmif pkpH rf;oifyh gonf/w&m;cHajy;\ZeD;? om;orD;rsm;
&Scd yhJ gvQif txl;*&kpu dk í
f apmifMh uyfMunf&h o I ifyh gonf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
91
trSwpf Of (27)/ w&m;cHajy;aexkid cf o hJ nfh t&yfrsm;/
w&m;cHajy;onf ,cifurdrad exkid cf b hJ ;l aom ae&yfrsm;okYd oGm;a&mufí tultnDawmif;cHrnf
om jzpfygonf/Z,m;tuGut f rSwf (5)wGif (62)ykpH yH aYdk om &Jpcef;rsm;ESiahf y;yko Yd nfph mtrSw?f &ufpw JG u
Ydk dk
a&;om; az:jy&efvnf; ta&;Bu;D ygonf/aemiftcgwGif w&m;cHajy;ESiyhf wfoufí taMumif;Mum;vQif
,cifuay; ykcYd ahJ om pmtrSw?f &ufprJG sm;ukd &nfñeT ;f í az:jyEkid rf nf jzpfygonf/
trSwpf Of (28)/ txufjypfcsurf sm;/
tcsKdUaom wyfMuyfBuD;pma&;rsm;onf txufjypfcsufrsm;ukd jynfhpkHpGmaz:jyjcif;r&dSbJ
þtrSwpf OfwiG f usifh (512)twnfjzpf jzpfonfw h &m;&k;H trnf? trSKeyH gwf? aeYprJG sm;uko d m a&;oGi;f wwf
ygonf/þtcsufrsm;tm; (62)ykHpH yxrpmrsufESm Z,m;uGuftrSwf (7)wGifom a&;om;az:jy&ef
jzpfygonf/þZ,m;uGuw f iG f ,cifu usccH b hJ ;l aom jypfcsuaf [mif;rsm;ukd wdusreS u f efpmG a&;oGi;f &ef
jzpfygonf/ ,cifu jypfcsuaf [mif;rsm;onf vufaAG&,l&aom jypfrKS rsm;jzpfvQif 4if;w&m;cHajy;onf
vufaAGvlqkd; jzpf&rnf/4if;onf vk,ufrSK? tdrfazgufxGif;rSK? ckd;rSK? ,kHrSm;tyfESHonfh ypönf;rsm;ukd
azgufvaJT zgufjyefo;Hk pGrJ KS ? vdrv f nfrKS ? tvTo J ;Hk pm;rSKrsm;ukd usL;vGeNf y;D xGuaf jy;apumrl &mZ0wfjypfrKS
jyefwrf;0ifygonf/
trSwpf Of (31)/ trSKjzpfpOf tusO;f csKyf
w&m;cHajy;onf "g;jyrSKudk usL;vGeNf y;D xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifaeonf[k a&;om;az:jyjcif;onf
Ny;D jynfph Hk jcif;r&Syd g/rnfonfah eY&uf? rnfonfah e&m? rnfonft h csed w
f iG f rnforl sm;ESit hf wl "g;jyrSKudk
usL;vGecf NhJ y;D xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&SmifaeaMumif; az:jyvQif jypfrKS usL;vGecf &H ol\aqGrsK;d rsm;xHrS w&m;cHajy;\
owif;uk&d &SEd idk &f ef taMumif;&So d nf jzpfygonf/trSKjzpfpOfudk wkw d Edk iS vhf &dk if; jynfph aHk tmif a&;oGi;f
&ygrnf/
(62)ykHpH pmrsufESm (5)wGif &Jpcef;rS (62)ykHpHukd tif;pdefrSKcif;wyfzGJUokdY ay;ykdYonfh pmtrSwf?
&ufpw JG uYdk dk a&;om;&efjzpfNy;D &mZ0wfrKS jyefwrf;wGif aMumfjimNy;D ygu jyefwrf;trSw?f &ufpw JG u
Ydk dk a&;om;
&rnf? w&m;cHajy; onf aoqk;H onfjzpfap? zrf;qD;onfjzpfap jyefwrf;wGif y,fzsu&f ef taMumif;Mum;
pmtrSw?f &ufpw JG u Ydk dk a&;om;az:jy&ef? y,fzsuNf y;D jzpfygu jyefwrf;trSw?f &ufpw JG u
Ydk dk a&;om;az:jy&ef
ae&mrsm; owfrw S x f m; &rnf/rdrad &;vko d nfah e&mwGif ra&;bJ owfrw S x f m;onfh ae&mwGif a&;oGi;f rS
omvQif ppfaq;&mwGif vG,u f rl nfjzpfygonf/
(62)ykpH EH iS yhf wfoufí ppfaq;&rnht f csurf sm;
&Jpcef;rSwfykHwif (29)(u)(c)(*)(C)wkdYtm; cGJjcm;xm;jcif;onf (&JvufpGJ'kwd,wGJtykd'f
1510)wGif az:jyxm;onfh jypfrKS rsm;twkid ;f rSeu f efpmG cGjJ cm;xm;jcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&ef jzpfygonf/
tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS vufc&H &So d nfh (62)ykpH w H iG f rdr&d pJ cef;tvku d f tquftoG,&f ^dS r&Sd xyfrH
pkpH rf;&ef/ (tquftoG,rf &Syd gu 4if; 62 ykpH u H dk rl&if;&Jpcef;okYd jyefvnfay;yk&Yd ef jzpfonf/)
rdr&d pJ cef;rS (62)ykpH w H iG f tquftoG,&f o dS nfh &Jpcef;rsm;okYd (62)ykpH aH y;ykjYd cif; &S^d r&Sd ay;ykcYd yhJ gu
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
92
tcsed Mf umjrihjf cif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&ef jzpfygonf/

jypfrKS qidk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf (512)t& twnfjzpfygu (62)ykpH u H dk NrKUd e,f(re&)rSL;rSwqifh
tif;pdef rSKcif;wyfzUJG okYd ay;ykNYd y;D ^rNy;D (62)ykpH aH y;ykNYd y;D tcsed Mf umjrihaf omfvnf; &mZ0wfjypfrKS jyefwrf;wGif
yg0ifjcif; r&Sdygu NrKdUe,f(y&)rSL;tm; tif;pdefrSKcif;wyfzGJUokdY xyfrHí taMumif;Mum;Ekdif&eftwGuf
tpD&ifcpH m a&;om; az:jy&ef jzpfonf/
&mZ0wfjypfrKS jyefwrf;wGif aMumfjimcJyh gu jyefwrf;trSw?f &ufpw JG u
Ydk dk a&;oGi;f jcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&ef
jzpfonf/
&Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if (33)wGif tñTe;f yg&do S avmuf a&;oGi;f jcif; &S^d r&Su d dk ppfaq;&ef jzpfonf/
aus;&GmtoD;oD;wGif xm;&Sad om (jypfrKS 78)ykpH pH mtkyf tykid ;f (2)wGif a&;oGi;f jcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;
&ef jzpfonf/
&Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if (35)wGif &Jpcef;&Sd e,fxed ;f tzGUJ onf w&m;cHajy;tnTe;f yg&Sad om aus;&Gmrsm;okYd
a&muf&SdvQif w&m;cHajy;ESifhywfoufaom taMumif;rsm;ukd pkHprf;ppfaq;jcif; jyK^rjyK ppfaq;Ekdif
rnfjzpfonf/
&Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk iftrSwf (29)wGif w&m;cHajy;rsm;\pkpH rf;csuEf iS w hf udk qf idk í f ppfaq;Ekid yf gonf/
(c)ESihf (C)pm&if;yg w&m;cHrsm;tm; qufvufí tvk&d ^dS r&Su d dk oufqidk &f m &Jpcef;rsm;okYd tcgtm;
avsmpf mG ar;jref;Ekid yf gonf/
(u)ESi(hf *)yg w&m;cHajy;rsm;twGuf oufrw S x
f m;onfEh pS jf ynfí h &yfpcJ v hJ Qif c&kid &f wJ yfzUJG rSL;xH
wifjy&ef r&yfoifv h Qif tusK;d taMumif;az:jyí trdecYf srw S af y;a&;twGuf c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;okYd wifjyap&ef
xku
d o hJ Ydk r&yfpo J ifah Mumif; trde\ Yf rdwLå ukv
d nf; rlv(62)ykpH H ay;ykcYd ahJ om &Jpcef;rsm;okYd qufvufí
ay;yd&Yk ef/
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnhf tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m; &Jpcef;wGif tNrjJ yKpk xde;f odr;f xm;&ygrnf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
93
rSwfykHwif (30)
jypfrIqkdif&m usihfxkH;Oya' yk'fr 401 t& pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufjzifh
vTwfxm;aom tusOf;om;rsm; zkdifwJG
(&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tykd'f 1519 rS 1526 xd)
(tok;H jyKaomykpH H jypfrI 100)
rnfonfph nf;urf;csuf pnf;urf;owfrwS cf surf sm;

trSwpf Of tusOf;om;\ jypf'Pfp&D ifjcif; csr;f omcGiEhf iS hf csxm;í
trnf cH&onfOh ya'ESihf vGwaf omaeY&uf ukefaom aeY&uf
vGwfaMumif;
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
4if;ykpH u
H dk rmwdumtjzpfom tok;H jyKonf/
401- vlq;dk qko d nfrmS -

tjypfuscHae&aom w&m;cHonf axmiftwGif;wGif aumif;rGefpGmaexkdifNyD;aemufaMumif;
&mZ0ifuvnf; vGefpGmrqkd;0g;aom taMumif;rsm;aMumifh EkdifiHawmftpkd;&u axmifus&ufrukefrD
pnf;urf;owfrw S cf sujf zihf aexkid &f ef jypfrq I idk &f m usix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf -401 t& vTwx f m;aom vlq;kd
jzpfygonf/4if;trsK;d tpm;onf vlq;dk (u)pm&if;wGif yg0ifonf/odaYk omf 401 vlq;kd wkid ;f &mZ0ifvq l ;dk
r[kw/f &mZ0ifvq l ;dk zGio fh ifo h nfh jypfrrI sm;ESifh tjypfusorl sm;udo k m a&;zGio fh ifo
h nf/
Oyrm/ jypfrq I idk &f myk'rf 302t& tjypfusNy;D pnf;urf;owfEiS v fh w
T af omvlq;kd twGuf &mZ0if
zGi&fh efrvdyk g/ jypfrq I idk &f myk'rf 395 ESit fh jypfusNy;D pnf;urf;owfjzihf vTwv f Qif &mZ0ifziG hf
&ef vkad yonf/
NrKUd e,f&wJ yfzUJG rSL;ESit hf xuft&m&Srd sm; e,fvn S afh omtcg rSwyf w Hk if(30)wGi&f adS om a&;oGi;f csuf
rsm; rSe^f rrSepf pfaq;í axmifvw T rf sm;onf pnf;urf;csurf sm;ukd vku d ef monf rvku d ef monfEiS 4hf if;wk\ Yd
cH0eforl sm;onf cH0efay;Ekid af om tajctae&S^d r&Su d ydk g pkpH rf;&rnf/ ( &JpGJ'k - 1522 )
usifh 401 jzifh vTwfaom tusOf;om;\vTwfonhftrdefYpmwGif axmifvTwfonfh &Jpcef;ukd
wkid Mf um;&ef owfrw S cf suyf gvQif xkv d w T rf ed aYf usmbufwiG f &Jpma&;u oD;jcm;pm&Gujf zifw h í
JG wkid Mf um;
&rnf&h ufprJG sm;ukd a&;rSwx f m;&rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1524)
(&Jvufp'GJ w k ,
d wJG tyd'k -f 1525)
axmifvTwfwpfOD;onf rdrdaexkdif&efowfrSwfxm;aom a'otwGif r&SdaMumif; aus;&Gm^
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
94
&yfuGufvlBuD;u wkdifwef;vQif (okdY) tjcm;pnf;urf;wpfcsufcsufukd azmufzsufusL;vGefvQif (okdY)
&Jpcef;okYd wkid w f ef;rnfah eY&ufuadk usmv f eG í f (7)&ufwidk rf wkid Mf um;cJv h Qif tjrefq;Hk pkpH rf;&rnf/4if;aemuf
xkad xmifvw T t f m; pD&ifyidk cf iG &fh o
dS nfh w&m;olBu;D xH jypfrq I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 227t& ta&;,l&ef tpD&ifcH
Ny;D jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 90t& zrf;qD;0&rf;xkwaf y;&efEiS hf jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 87
t& 0&rf;ajy;jzpfaMumif; aMumfjimay;&ef awmif;qkd&rnf/aMumfjimNyD;onfESifhwNyKdifeuf 4if;tm;
0&rf;rygbJ zrf;qD;Ekid o f nf/jypfrq I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 227t& jypfrx I if&mS ;ygu 4if;0&rf;ajy;tm; vGwNf ird ;f
csrf;omcGifhay;cJhaom rlvjypf'PfrS usefaeao;aom jypf'Pftjyif wpfESpftxd tvkyfMurf;ESifh
axmif'PfuscaH p&ef trdecYf srw S Ef idk af Mumif;ukd oufqidk &f mw&m;olBu;D tm; rysurf uGuf today;&rnf/
axmifvw T wf pfO;D aysmufq;Hk aevQif 4if;onf pnf;urf;csuu f dk azmufzsuo f nfjzpfap? razmufzsuo f nf
jzpfap c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;xH tjrefq;Hk enf;jzifh 4if;twGuf ykpH (H jypfrI 28)ay;yk&Yd rnf/xkyd pHk w H iG f 4if;twGuf
owfrw S x f m;aom pnf;urf;csurf sm;ukd a&;oGi;f í ykpH x H yd w pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufjzifh vTwfaom
f iG f ]]pnf
tusOf;om; om;}}[k a&;om;&rnf/aysmufq;Hk aeaom axmifvw T wf pfO;D tm; 1912ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv 25&uf
aeYxw k f w&m;Xme jyefwrf;trSwf 33? pnf;urf;csut f rSwf (3) okrYd [kwf (4) okrYd [kwf 4if;pnf;urf;csuf
ESp&f yfv;Hk jzifo h m owfrw S x f m;cJv h Qif 4if;ukd jyefvnfawGU&So d nft h cgwGif 4if;ESio hf ufqidk o f nfh pm&Guf
pmwrf;rsm;ukd 4if;tm;awGU&So d nfh c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;xH ay;yk&Yd rnf/
pnf;urf;owfjzihf vTwjf cif; ( &Jvufp'GJ w k , d wJt G yk'd f 1526)
axmif'PfrS avQm&Y ufuek q f ;Hk onfah eYwiG f jzpfap? axmifrS vTwo f nft h csed rf S (3)ESpjf ynfo h nfh
aeY&ufwiG jf zpfap 4if;ESp&f yfteuf OD;pGmusa&mufaom aeY&ufwiG f rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f rSw(f 30)&Sd rmwdum
ykpH H (jypfrI 100)rS 4if;\ trnfukd y,fzsujf ypf&rnf/
Oyrm/ /armifvo S nf axmif(10)ESpu f s&m (5)ESpjf ynfo h nfah eYwiG f pnf;urf;owfEiS v hf w T o f nf/
4if;tm;(5)ESpfjynfh&ef rvdk/ (3)ESpfjynfhaomaeYwGif pnf;urf;owfukefqkH;onf/
armifjronf axmif(10)ESpu f s&m (8)ESpjf ynfah omaeYwiG f pnf;urf;owfEiS v hf w T o f nf/
4if;tm; (3)ESpfjynfh&ef rvdk (2)ESpfjynfhaomaeYwGif pnf;urf;owfukefqkH;onf/
pnf;urf;owfukefqkH;vQif 4if;tay: Munfh&Ijcif; &yfqkdif;onf/odkYaomf 4if;ESihf
ywfoufonfh pmrsm;udk txuft&m&Srd sm; ppfaq;Ekid &f ef (2)ESpf xm;&S&d rnf/
usifh 401 vlq;dk ae&yfajymif;vdv k Qif ( &JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJt G yd'k f 1519)
pnf;urf;owfrw S cf sujf zifh vTwx f m;cGiahf y;xm;aom tusO;f om;wpfO;D onf rdr\ d ae&yfukd
ajymif;a&GUvdo k nft h cg rdr\ d ae&yfukd tkycf sKy&f onfh w&m;olBu;D \ trdeYf (qkid &f iS )f udk a&S;OD;pGm cH,&l rnf/
cH0efot l jzpf vTwx f m;cGiafh y;xm;onfh tusO;f om;rsm;rSmrl cH0eforl sm;\ oabmwlncD suu f kd &,l&
ygrnf/þuJo Y Ykd ajymif;a&GUaomtcg &JtrIxrf;wpfa,mufonf 4if;tm; apmifMh uyf&ef tNrv J u kd yf gí
4if;olaexkid rf nfh NrKUd e,f? t&m&Srd sm;xH tyfE&HS rnf/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m;(2)ESpf tcdseu f mv xde;f odr;f apmifah &SmufNy;D zsuq f ;D Ekid yf gonf/
uefo Y wf
uefo
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rSwfykHwif (31)
jypfcsufa[mif;rsm;&SmazG&ef ay;ydkYonfhvufaAGykHpH pm&if;pmtkyf
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tykd'f 1565 )
þrSwyf wHk if xm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
jypfru I sL;vGeo f wl pfa,mufonf rnforl nf0gjzpfaMumif; cJjG cm;od&EdS idk &f efEiS fh txufjypfcsuf
a[mif;rsm; &S^d r&Sd Munf&h EI idk &f ef vufypHk H (jypfrI 49^&mZ0wf-115)t& vufaAGypHk rH sm; ESyd ,
f Nl y;D tif;pdeNf rKUd ?
rIcif;wyfzUGJ odYk ay;ydpYk pfaq;jcif;? rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyjf zpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m; (jypfr-I 47^&mZ0wf 132 )ykpH jH zihf tok;H jyK&ef jyXmef;xm;ygonf/
txufjypfcsuaf [mif; &S^d r&Sd &SmazGjcif;rSm w&m;cHwpfO;D wpfa,mufonf jypfrq I idk &f mOya'
tcef;(12)ESi(fh 17)wdw Yk iG f jyXmef;xm;aom jypfrrI sm;udk xyfru H sL;vGeo f jl zpfvQif w&m;&k;H okYd wifjyí
jypfrq
I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 75 t& Bu;D av;onfh jypf'Pfukd wk;d jri§ u fh scaH p&ef jzpfygonf/ (&JpJG'k-1527)
txufjypfcsuaf [mif;ESiyfh wfoufí OD;pGmyxrvlq;dk tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyrf S &SmazG&ygrnf/
4if;rS r&vQif w&m;cHonf tjcm;a'orS jzpfcJhvQif rnfoltrSefjzpfaMumif; od&SdEkdif&efESifh 4if;\
txufjypfcsuf &S^d r&Sd &SmazGo&d EdS idk &f ef (jypfrI-49^&mZ0wf 115)ykHpw H iG f vufaAGypHk EH ydS ,
f Nl y;D tif;pdeNf rKUd ?
rIcif;wyfzUGJ odYk ay;ydYk ppfaq;&ygonf/(&Jp'GJ k 1528)
jypfcsuaf [mif;&SmazG&ef ay;ydo Yk nfh vufaAGypHk (H jypfrI 49^&mZ0wf 115 )udk jyefvnf r&&Sad o;
onft h wGuf trIppHk rf;ppfaq;jcif; aESmifah ES;MuefMY umrI r&Sad p&ef trIukd rlvutwkid ;f yif qufvuf
ppfaq;í w&m;pJw G ifyvYkd Qif jypfcsuaf [mif; &S^d r&Sd &SmazGar;jref;taMumif;jyefMum;csuf r&Ekid rf D trIukd
a&TUqkdif;ay;&ef jypfrIqkdif&musifhxkH;Oya'yk'fr 344 ESihf 366 t& vkdtyfvQif w&m;&kH;odkY &ufcsdef;
awmif;Ekid yf gonf/ (&JpJG 'k 1563 )
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmrsuEf mS wkid ;f ü vufaAGypHk aH y;ydpYk Of a&;oGi;f &onfh tydik ;f ESifh jyefvnf&&Sad om
tcg a&;oGif;&onfh tydkif;[lí(2)ykdif;cJGjcm;xm;ygonf/þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfykHpHwGif Z,m;acgif;pOf
rsm;twkid ;f a&;oGi;f &ef jzpfygonf/ (&JpJG'k 1565)
tif;pdefNrKdU? rIcif;wyfzJGUodkY ay;ydkYaom vufaAGykHpH(jypfrI 49^&mZ0wf 115)udk jyefvnf&&Sdí
jypfcsuaf [mif;&Sad Mumif; od&&dS í w&m;cHonf rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrtwGi;f aexkid o f jl zpfvQif 4if;\ vlq;kd
tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyüf jypfcsuaf [mif;a&;oGi;f xm;jcif; &S^d r&Su d dk ppfaq;&ygrnf/r&Sv d Qif csucf si;f
a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/ txufjypfcsuaf [mif;rSm tjcm;NrKUd e,fwiG f usc&hJ aom jypfcsujf zpfvQif yxrowif;
ay;csut f rSwf tp&So d nfh vdt k yfaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oufqikd &f mNrKUd e,f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;&k;H rSwpfqifh
awmif;,l&rnf/ (&JpJG'k 1566)
&SmazGawGU&Sad om w&m;cH\ txufjypfcsuaf [mif;rsm;udk ykpH (H jypfrI 65 )wGif a&;oGi;f azmfjyí
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
96
trIpwGJ ifonft h cg pJcG supf mcsyEf iS tfh wl yl;wJaG y;yd&Yk rnf/ xkt d cgwGif rIcif;rSww
f rf;t&m&Su d jypfrq I idk &f m
Oya'yk'rf 75 ESihf tusK;H 0ifvQif w&m;½k;H trIwx GJ ed ;f xHrS rSeu
f efaMumif; oufaocH vufrw S f a&;xk;d xm;
onfth csuw f pfcsuf rdwLå trSeu f kd awmif;,lívnf;aumif; odrYk [kwf jypfrI cH&zl;onfah xmifrS oufaocH
vufrw S yf pHk H (jypfrI 19)udk oufqidk &f maxmifyikd 0f efxrH v S nf;aumif; awmif;,lí w&m;&k;H okYd wifjy&
ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1528)
jypfcsuaf [mif;&SmazG&ef ay;ydaYk om vufaAGypHk (H jypfrI 49^&mZ0wf 225)udk jyefvnf&&Sad om
tcg oufqidk &f mtrIww GJ iG f xm;&ygrnf/ (&JpJG 'k 1568 ESihf 1569)
vufaAGykHpH (jypfrI 49^&mZ0wf 115 )udk ay;ydkYjcif;tm;jzifh jypfrIusL;vGefNyD; tjcm;NrKdUe,fodkY
a&muf&adS eonfh w&m;cHrsm;udak omfvnf;aumif;? aysmufq;Hk aeaom &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;udv k nf;aumif;
awGUEkid í
f tif;pdeNf rKUd ? rIcif;wyfzUGJ rS oufqidk &f m vlq;kd aexkid &f m NrKUd e,foYkd xko d jYdk ypfcsuaf [mif; awGU&Sd
aMumif; ykHpH (jypfrI 55) jzihf taMumif;Mum;vdrrYf nf/ (&JpJG'k-1571)
&mZ0ifvq l ;dk jzpfygrl rlvaexkid &f m&Jpcef;tydik f e,fajrjyifyodYk a&muf&adS ejcif;udk owif;rydYk
rod&Sdjcif;aMumifh taMumif;Mum;&ef ysufuGufrItwGuf rlvaexkdif&m &Jpcef;tkyfcsKyfolt&m&Sdonf
wm0efruif;jzpfí rnfonft h wGuf taMumif;rMum;onfukd ajz&Si;f ap&rnf/ (&JpJG'k 1572)
þrSwyf w
Hk ifukd xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f ;D cGi&fh ygonf/ (&JpJG'k 1330)
f dk (3)ESpf xde;f odr;f xm;&SNd y;D zsuq
rSwfykHwif (32)
&JwyfzJGU0ifrsm; zrf;qD;&rdonfh (odkYr[kwf)odrf;olonfypönf;rsm;ESihf
ydkif&Sifray:onfhypönf;rsm; rSwfykHwifpm&if;pmtkyf
( &JvufpJG 'kwd,wJG tykd'f 1596 )
þrSwyf w Hk if xm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
þrSwyf wHk ifpmtkyu f kd atmufazmfjyyg taMumif;udprö sm;ESio fh ufqidk of nfh ypön;f t&yf&yf wdu Yk kd
a&;oGi;f &ef xm;&S&d jcif;jzpfygonf-
(1) jypfrq I ikd &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 51 ESihf 53 wdtYk & w&m;cHu,
kd af y:wGif awGU&S&d Ny;D odr;f qnf;
cJo
h nfh ypön;f rsm;ESiv fh ufeufc,
J rf;rsm;/
(2) jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 265 ESifh 166 t& &Ju pkpH rf;ppfaq;aepOftwGi;f &SmazGord ;f
,lonfyh pön;f rsm;/
(3) jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 170 t& w&m;olBu;D xH wifyo Ykd nfyh pön;f rsm;/
(4) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 153 t& odr;f ,laom rrSeo f nfw h if;awmif;ESifh tav;csed f
ud&, d mrsm;/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
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97
(5) jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 523 ESifh 550 t& odr;f ,lonfh ck;d ,lygqk;H onfh ypön;f [k
ouFmruif;zG,f ypön;f rsm;/
(6) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 523 ESihf 550 t& jypfru I sL;vGeaf Mumif; ouFmruif;zG,f
ypön;f rsm;/
(7) avmif;upm;? ,pf r sKd ; ? rl ; ,pf x k H x k d i f ; ? opf awm? vufeuf? aygufuaGJ pwwfaom
t&m0wåK? tufOya'rsm;paom txl;ESiahf 'oEÅ&qkid &f m tufOya'rsm;t&b@mawmf
tjzpf odr;f ,l(odrkY [kw)f qk;H &I;H jcif;cHpm;xku d of jzihf odr;f ,lonfyh pön;f rsm;/
(8) 1945 ckEpS f &JtufOya' trSw(f 6)yk'rf 20 t& odr;f qnf;xm;onfh ydik &f iS rf ay: aom
ypön;f rsm;/
txufazmfjyyg t&yf&yfodrf;qnf;onfh ypönf;rsm;ESifh vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;udk þrSwfykHwif
pmtkyfwGifa&;oGif;? &Jpcef;rSwfykHwif pmtkyftrSwf(2)ykHpH (tkyfcsKyfa&; 24^&mZ0wf 48)wGif vnf;
a&;oGi;f &ygonf/(&Jp'GJ -k 1596 )
txufazmfjyygypönf;rsm; zrf;qD;odrf;,lonfh taMumif;udk jypfrIqkdif&musihfxkH;Oya'yk'fr
523t& w&m;olBuD;xH csufcsif;taMumif;Mum;&ygrnf/ypönf;rsm;tm; rnfodkY pDrHcefYcJG&rnfudk
w&m;olBu;D u trdecYf srw S f ay;vdrrYf nf/w&m;olBu;D \ trderYf &&Srd D rnforYkd Q pDrcH efcY jGJ cif; rjyKvyk &f /
(&Jp'GJ k 1597)
xkduJYodkY ypönf;odrf;,laMumif; tpD&ifcHonfh enf;vrf;jzifh þrSwfykHwif pmtkyftokH;jyKonfh
ykpH H (jypfrI 27^&mZ0wf 59) Z,m;uGuw f iG f vdt
k yfovdk a&;oGi;f Ny;D w&m;olBu;D xHoYkd trdecYf srw S &f ef
þrSwyf w Hk if pmtkyu f kd wifoiG ;f &rnf/ tu,fí w&m;olBu;D onf &Jpcef;ESihf a0;uGmaom t&yfa'oü
½k;H pkud cf ahJ omf pmtkyyf pön;f rsm; ysupf ;D csKUd ,Gi;f jcif;rS umuG,&f eftwGuf ykpH pH m&Guf tvGww f pf&u G wf iG f
a&;ul;NyD; wifoGif;&ygrnf/ csrSwfvkdufaom w&m;olBuD;\ trdefYukd rSwfykHwifpmtkyfwGif xyfwl
a&;ul;í rlvtrdepYf mcsyu f kd zkid w f jGJ yKvyk Nf y;D t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf; (rSwyf w Hk if4)wGif az:jy&ygrnf/
(&Jp'GJ k 1598)
ouf&w dS &d pämefrsm;ukd zrf;qD;odr;f ,lvQif 4if;wk\ Yd OD;a&tvku d f trSwpf Of wpfcpk q D idk &f m ykpH ZH ,m;
uGuw f iG f az:jya&;oGi;f &ygrnf/ ouf&w dS &d pämefrsm;ESihf qefpyg;? avS? vSn;f ponfh Bu;D rm;us,0f ef;onfh
ypön;f rsm;ukd w&m;olBu;D \ trdew Yf pfpw Hk pf&mr&&Srd D umvtwGi;f jypfrq I idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya' yk'rf 523
ykid cf iG &hf rdS nf[k xif&olwt Ydk m; tmrcHjzifjh zpfap? okrYd [kwf tmrcHr&Sb d jJ zpfap jyefvnfay;tyfciG hf &Syd gonf/
ydik &f iS rf &Sad om ypön;f rsm;jzpfvQif þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f (jypfrI 27^ &mZ0wf 59 ) ykpH w H u Ydk dk
(2) apmifa&;oGi;f í NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;rS wqifh w&m;&k;H okYd trdecYf srw S &f ef ay;yk&Yd rnf/ w&m;&k;H rS xkyd pHk w H iG f
trdecYf srw S í f NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;rSwqifh &Jpcef;okYd jyefvnfí ay;yko Yd nfh tcgwGif rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyüf
c&kid &f mZ0wfw&m;olBu;D \ trdeu Yf dk xyfwal &;oGi;f í rlvtrdepYf mcsyu f dk zkid w f GJ jyKvyk Nf y;D trdet Yf wkid ;f
pDrcH efcY &GJ ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1604)
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
98
&Jta&;r,lyidk af om jypfrrI sm;ESiyhf ufoufí ykpH ZH ,m;wGif yxr owif;ay;csut f rSwf ay;&rnfh
tpm; &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf trSwrf S trSwpf Ofudk a&;oGi;f&ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1598)
w&m;pJGwifykdYxm;onfh trIrsm;rS oufaotjzpf odrf;qnf;í xm;aom ypönf;rsm;ukd ykHpH
(jypfrI 27^ &mZ0wf 59) tvGww f iG f a&;oGi;f í pJcG supf mcsyEf iS t hf wl wifoiG ;f &rnf/ (&Jp'GJ -k 160)
xkdtcg odrf;qnf;xm;onfh oufaocHypönf;rsmukd w&m;&kH; ]] bDvpf}} xH ay;tyfí þ
rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f vufc&H &Sad Mumif; vufrw S af &;xk;d ap&ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k-1601)
&Jpcef;ESifh a0;uGmonfh t&yfwGif &kH;pkdufaom w&m;&kH; ]]bDvpf}} xHokdY oufaocHypönf;rsm;
ay;ykdYaomtcg þrSwfykHwifpmtkyftpm; ykHpHvGwf (2) apmifwGif a&;oGif;í ypönf;rsm;ay;tyfNyD;
vufc&H &Sad Mumif; vufrw S Ef iS hf ykpH H (1) apmifudk jyefvnf&&Sv d Qif þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyüf jyefvnfa&;oGi;f
í rlvypön;f vufc&H &Sad Mumif; vufrw S yf g&So
d nfh ykpH u H dk zkid w f xGJ m;&S&d rnf/ (&JpJG'k-1602)
oufaocHypön;f rsm;ukd pDrcH efcY &GJ mwGif avvHwifa&mif;csonfjzpfap? ykid &f iS o f Ydk jyefvnfay;
tyfonfjzpfap? vJaG jymi;fay;&olwt Ydk wGuf vufc, H ol w l \ Ydk vufrw S ?f okrYd [kwf 0Jbufvufr ykpH rH sm;ukd
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyüf ykpH ZH ,m;wGif a&;xk;d ESyd , f xl m;&ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1598)
ypön;f rsm;ukd jyefvnfay;tyfjcif; rjyKrD vkNH cKpH mG xde;f odr;f xm;&rfh wm0efrmS &JwyfzUGJ \ wm0efom
jzpfonf/
odr;f qnf;xm;aom ypön;f rsm;ESiyhf ufoufí 4if;ypön;f rsm;ukd 0,f,jl cif;? avvHqjGJ cif; jyKvyk f
aom tpk;d & t&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm;ukd &mxl;rS wpfcgwnf; xkwyf ,fvu dk rf nf/ (&JpJG'k- 1598)
oufaocHypön;f rsm; xkwyf ;dk odr;f qnf;jcif;ESiyhf ufoufí (&JpJG'k-1750) wGiaf z:jyxm;ygonf/
w&m;&kH;t&m&Sdu þrSwfykHwifpmtkyf (32) ukd bDvpf rSwfykHwifpmtkyf(3)ESifh wkdufqkdifppfaq;&ef
awmif;,lvQif wifjy&ygrnf/ &Jpcef;ppfaq;olt&m&Su d vnf; bDvpf rSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyf (3) ukd tvm;wl
wkud q f idk pf pfaq;&efawmif;vQif w&m;&k;H u acwåay;tyf&ygrnf/ (&JpJG'k 1603)
rD;&xm;wJGrsm;ESifhrD;&xm;vrf; e,fedrdwfrsm;twGif; rD;&xm;&Jt&mxrf;? trIxrf;wkdY awGY&Sd
odr;f qnf;onfh ykid &f iS rf ay:aom ypön;f rsm;ukd þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f a&;oGi;f í rD;&xm;buf qkid &f m
t&m&St d m; ay;tyfNy;D vufrw S af &;xk;d ap&ygrnf/ 4if;ypön;f ukd pDrcH efcY &GJ ef rD;&xm;tzJUG wGif wm0efr&Syd g/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f wpfEpS t f wGi;f trSwpf Ofrsm;ukd ESppf rS pí ESpu f ek o
f nftxd wpfquf
wnf; a&;rSwí f ESpo f pfZefe0g&Dv (1) &ufaeYwidk ;f wGif ESpaf [mif;twGi;f rS pDrcH efcY &GJ ef use&f adS eao;aom
ypön;f rsm;pm&if;ukd rmwdumpm&if;jyKvyk af &;zGix hf m;&rnf/ rmwdumpm&if;wGif atmufygacgif;pOfrsm;
yg&Sad p&rnf-
(1) ESpaf [mif;rS trSwpf Of
(2) ypön;f vufc&H &Sad om aeYpGJ
(3) aemufq;Hk tNy;D owf rnforYdk nfyHk aqmif&u G af Mumif;ESihf aqmif&u G of nfah eYpGJ
tqkyd g rmwdumpm&if;ukd ESpo f pftwGuf a&;zGio hf nfh rSwyf w Hk ifpm&if;pmtkyf topftpwGif
a&;om;az:jy&rnf/ (&JpJG'k-1608)
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
99
þrSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkytf m; xde;f odr;f &rnfh tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w
Hk ifpmtkyu
f dk (2) ESpx f ;D cGi&hf ygonf/ (&JpJG'k 1330)
f m;&SNd y;D zsuq
rSwfykHwif (33)
vlqkd;pkHaxmuf rSwfpkpmtkyf
(&Jvufp'GJ w k ,d wJG tyk'd f 1609)
þrSww f if xm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
&Jpcef;&dS trSKppft&m&Sdrsm;ESifhe,fxdef; &JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGif;&Sd
jypfrSKusL;vGefwwfol vlqkd;rsm;\tajctaersm;tm; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;jzifh aus;&GmtoD;oD;okdY
a&muf&o dS nft h cgwGif þrSwpf pk mtkyw f iG f yg&Sad om &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;ESihf w&m;cHajy;rsm; taMumif;ukd
pkpH rf;axmufvrS ;f Ekid &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifudk xm;&S&d jcif; jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKaom ykpH H
(jypfrKS 22^&J 41) ykpH jH zifh pmtkycf sKyx f m;onf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þpmtkyt f rSKppft&m&Srd sm;ESihf e,fxed ;f &JwyfzUJG 0ifrsm;wGif wpftyk pf D jyKpx k m;&S&d rnf/
trIziG w fh idk Mf um;Ekid af om (u)tqif&h pJ cef;rS (C)tqifh &Jpcef;ü rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd Ekid if aH &;
ygwDrsm;ESiyhf gwD0ifrsm;? rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd vlq;dk rsm;? rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd ajy;av;ajy;rsm;? rdred ,fajr
twGi;f &Sd raumif;rIjzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKorl sm;? tjcm;pkaqmif;xm;oifo h nfh taxGaxGowif;
tcsurf sm; ponfwu Ydk dk a&;oGi;f xm;onfh e,fxed ;f rSwpf pk mtkyf (jypfrI 22^&J 41)ykpH pH mtkyf wpftyk u f spD
xm;&S&d rnfjzpfonf/4if;rSwpf pk mtkyrf sm;rSm pmrsuEf mS 150 rS 300txdyg0ifaom 11 vufr _ 8vufr
t&G,&f adS om jrefrmbmomjzifh ykEH ydS x f m;&dNS y;D ? om;a&zk;H jzifh zk;H tkyx f m;onfh pmtkyw f pftyk t f m; trIziG hf
wkid Mf um;Ekid o f nfh &Jpcef;wkid ;f wGif zGiv hf pS xf m;&Sí d aeYpOfajymif;vJrI tajctaersm;ukd jyKpx k m;&efjzpfonf/
trIppft&m&SEd iS ef ,fxed ;f wyfzUJG 0if wpfO;D csi;f pDwiG f ,if;pmtkyif ,frsm;ukd 4 vufr _ 6.5vufrt&G,&f dS
rSwpf ik ,frsm;toGijf zifh csKyv f yk í
f rdrpd pHk rf;&aom &yfuu G ?f aus;&GmtwGi;f &Sd txufaz:jyygowif;rsm;ukd
jynfph pHk mG &&SEd idk af &; wpfajy;nD jzpfapa&;twGuf jzefaY 0ay;xm;&rnf/4if;pmtkyrf sm;ukd trIppft&m&SEd iS hf
e,fxed ;f wpfO;D csi;f pD vQKUd 0Sut f qifjh zifh vufeufi,fwpfcu k o hJ Ydk uk,
d wf iG f tNruJ idk af qmifrw S of m;pkpH rf;
&rnf/4if;pmtkyrf sm; ysupf ;D csKUd ,Gi;f oGm;aomtcgwGiaf omfvnf;aumif;? pmtkyt f wGi;f jznfo h iG ;f a&;om;
xm;Ny;D jzpfcahJ om tcgwGiaf omfvnf;aumif;? pmtkyt f opfjzifh a&;om;&rnf/xkw, f tl yfErHS nft h cgü
vnf; owfrw S yf pHk aH jypm axmuf(4)Bu;D jzifo h m xkw, f jl cif;? tyfEjHS cif;? vTaJ jymif;jcif;rsm; jyKvyk &f rnf/
tykd'f (1619)wGif þpmtkyfrsm;ukd rnfuJhokdY a&;om;jznfhoGif;&rnfhtaMumif; tus,faz:jyxm;
&Syd gonf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1609)
tw¬Kyw Ü då pmcsyzf iG x hf m;onfh vlq;dk rsm;? rSww f rf;0ifvq l ;dk \taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd e,fxed ;f tzGUJ rS
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
100
4if;wk\ Yd rSwpf pk mtkyif ,fwiG f a&;oGi;f ,lvmonfo h wif;rsm;tm; aeYpOf&pJ cef;ü e,fxed ;f tzGUJ acgif;aqmif
ESiphf cef;rSL;wkYd OD;pD;jyKvyk o f nfh tpnf;ta0;wGif e,fxed ;f rsm;rS wifjyNy;D &Jpcef;&Sd rSwyf w Hk if(33)wGif
a&;oGi;f &rnf/,if;tpnf;ta0;onf &Jpcef;wkid ;f ü aeYpOf 1600 rS 1700tcsed Mf um;wGif jyKvyk o f ifNh y;D
e,fxed ;f tzGUJ tm; rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd pkpH rf;&rnfo h wif;rsm;ukd vrf;ñTeNf y;D Ny;D cJah omaeYu e,fxed ;f
wyfzUJG 0ifrsm; pkpH rf;&&Sv d monfh owif;rsm;ukd qef;ppftuJjzwftwnfjyKí rSeu f efonfh owif;rsm;ukd
&Jpcef;&Sd rSwyf w Hk if(33)wGif a&;oGi;f jcif;rsm;ukd rysurf uGuf jyKvyk Mf u&ayrnf/e,fxed ;f tzGUJ rsm;rS &&Sd
vmaom owif;rsm;onf rSwfykHwif(33)omru tjcm;tusKH;0ifrnfh tw¬KyÜwådrSwfwrf;0ifvlqkd;
wpfO;D csi;f \ taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd 4if;\rSww f rf;zkid w f iG v
f nf; jznfo h iG ;f jcif;? w&m;cHajy;rsm; twGuf
xm;&Sad om rSwyf w Hk if(29)wGiv f nf; wpfajy;nD a&;oGi;f jcif;rsm;ukd e,fxed ;f tzGUJ rS a&;oGi;f & ayrnf/
(&Jp'JG k - 1610)
&mZ0wfjypfrKS jyefwrf;ESit fh pOftNrJ wku d q f idk pf pfaq;aeNy;D vkt d yfonhf a&;oGi;f csurf sm;ukd &Jpcef;&Sd
e,fxed ;f tzGUJ u a&;om;&ygrnf/&mZ0wfjypfrKS jyefwrf;r&&SEd idk af om &Jpcef;rsm;twGuf oufqidk &f m
aumufEKS wcf surf sm; az:jyay;&efrmS NrKUd e,f(re&)rSL;\wm0efom jzpfygonf/
pmrsuEf mS wpfrsuEf mS pDwiG f &mZ0ifvq l ;dk ? okrYd [kwf w&m;cHajy; (3)a,mufxufyí dk a&;oGi;f
jcif;rjyK&/ þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfukd tNrJrSefuefrSK&Sdaeap&eftwGuf &Jpcef;rSL;? &JwyfMuyfBuD;pma&;ESifh
vlq;dk xde;f tzGUJ wko Yd nf tcgtm;avsmpf mG jyifqifa&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk trSKppftzGUJ rsm;u jyKpx k m;&onfh &nf&, G cf surf mS trSKppft&m&Srd sm;onf
trSKppfaq;&efjzpfap? tjcm;vkNH cKaH &;udp&ö yfrsm;twGuf aus;&Gmrsm;okYd a&muf&o dS nft h cf gwGif þpmtkyf
wGif az:jyxm;onfh &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;ESiwhf &m;cHajy;rsm;taMumif;ukd pkpH rf;&ef jzpfygonf/
e,fxed ;f rSwpf pk mtkyf (rSwyf w Hk if 33)ukd 1997 ckEpS w f iG f topfjyifqifxnfo h iG ;f a&;qGJ jyXmef;
cJhygonf/e,fxdef;rSwfpkpmtkyfwGif tykdif;(6)ykdif;yg0ifNyD; qkdif&mtykdif;vkduf atmufygtcsufrsm;ukd
a&;rSw&f onf -
(u) tykid ;f (1) rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gm^&yfuu G v f Bl u;D rsm;pm&if;
(1) &yfuu G ^f aus;&GmolBu;D rsm; (&,utzGUJ )
(2) q,ftrd rf LS ;? &mtdrrf LS ;rsm;
(3) jynfaxmifpBk uchH idk af &;ESizhf UHG NzK;d a&;aumifpt D oif; pnf;&k;H a&;rSL;rsm;
(4) t&efr;D owfEiS hf MuufajceDwyfzUJG rS wyfprk LS ;rsm;? wyfcrJG LS ;rsm;
(c) tykid ;f (2) rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm;ESiyhf gwD0ifrsm;pm&if;
(1) ygwDrsm;\wnfae&mvdypf mrsm;
(2) ygwD0ifwpfO;D csi;f \ae&yfvyd pf mrsm;ESiahf pmifMh unh&f ef&o dS rl sm;
(3) Ekid if aH &;t& qefu Y sivf o dk rl sm;
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
101
(*) tykid ;f (3) rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd vlq;kd rsm;pm&if;
(1) tw¬Kyw Ü rdå w
S w f rf;0ifvq l ;dk rsm;
(2) tjypfusu'fvq l ;dk rsm;
(3) rouFmu'fvq l ;dk rsm;
(4) usifh 401t& pnf;urf;owfjzifh axmifrv S w G of nfv h q l ;dk rsm;
(5) usifh 565tygt0if ajccsKyEf iS chf 0H efOya't& apmifMh unf&h onfv h q
l ;dk rsm;
(C) tykid ;f (4) rdred ,fajrtwGi;f ajy; (4) ajy;rsm;pm&if;
(1) ppfajy;rsm;
(2) &Jajy;rsm;
(3) &Jbufajy;rsm;
(4) w&m;cHajy;rsm;
(i) tykid ;f (5) rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd raumif;rIjzifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;jyKorl sm;pm&if;
(1) ck;d &mygypön;f vufcaH vh&o dS rl sm;
(2) avmif;upm;0kid ;f jyKvyk af vh&o dS nfah e&mESijhf yKvyk af vh&o
dS l 'kid rf sm;
(3) t&ufyek ;f csuv f yk af &mif;csorl sm;
(4) rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;cso?l ok;H pGo J ?l o,faqmiforl sm;
(5) wnf;ckad qmifrsm;? jynfw h efqmacgif;rsm;? jynfw h efqmrsm;
(6) vkid pf ifryhJ pön;f taygifcw H wforl sm;
(7) vkid pf ifro hJ m;owfvyk u f idk o f rl sm;
(8) tvkyv f ufrt hJ avtvGirhf sm;
(9) trsKd;orD;ESifhuav;oli,frsm;tm; aoG;aqmifzsm;a,mif;í wpfzufEidk if o H Ydk
ck;d xkww f wforl sm;
(10) ausmaf Zmowif;&Sad om tvSjyifcef;? pm;aomufcef;? wnf;ckad qmifrsm;
(p ) tykid ;f (6) pkaqmif;xm;oifo h nfh taxGaxGowif;rsm;
(1) taxGaxGowif;xl;rsm;ESirfh w S pf k
(2) xl;jcm;aom {nhpf m&if;rsm;
(3) tjcm;ta&;Bu;D aom owif;rsm;
þrSwyf wHk ifpmtkyuf dk xde;f odr;f xm;&rnfu h mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk &Jpcef;wGif tNrjJ yKpk xde;f odr;f xm;&ygonf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
102
rSwfykHwif (34)
&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGif;rS aus;&Gmrsm;rSwfykHwifpmtkyf
(&Gmpifus,fpm&if;)
(&Jvufp'GJ w k , d wJG tyk'd f 1611)
þrSww f if xm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf
&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;? aus;&Gmi,frsm;ESihf &yfuu G rf sm;? oufqidk &f m aus;&Gm
vlBu;Dd rsm;\ trnfrsm;? tdraf jcrsm;? jypfru I sL;vGew f wfol &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;tm; pepfwus rSww f rf;
wifxm;&S&d eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk xm;&S&d jcif;jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKaom ykpH H
tok;H jyKaom ykpH rH mS (tkycf sKyaf &; 8^&mZ0wf 40) jzpfygonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þrSwfykHwifpmtkyfwGif aus;&Gmtkyfpkrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmi,frsm;tm;vkH;wkdY\ trnfrsm;ukd
aus;&GmvlBu;D trnfrsm;? tdraf jcrsm;? 4if;aus;&Gmrsm;wGif aexkid af om &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;? aus;&GmokYd
a&muf&&dS rnfh tBurd t f a&twGurf sm;tjyif Zefe0g&DvrS 'DZifbmvtxd Z,m;uGuf (12) uGuf Z,m;
uGuf (12) uGuf&Sdygonf/
NrKd Ue,f&wJ yfzUGJ rSL;onf oufqidk &f m &Jpcef;rSL;ESifh e,fxed ;f tzJUG wkt Yd m; wkid yf ifNy;D aemuf rnfonfh
aus;&GmokdY &Jpcef;e,fxdef;tzJGUonf acgufa&rnfrQ a&mufoifhonfukd Z,m;uGuf (5) wGif
az:jyowfrSwf&ygrnf/ (12) twGuf Z,m;uGufae&mwGif e,fxdef;tzJGUu a&muf&Sdonfh aeYpJGukd
vufrw S x f ;dk í az:jy&ygonf/
Oyrm
Oyrm/ oJjzLacsmif;aus;&GmokYd wpfvtwGi;f (2)Burd o f mG ;&ef NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;u owfrw S xf m;&Svd Qif
&Jpcef;e,fxdef;tzJGUonf Zefe0g&Dv Z,m;uGufwGif a&muf&Sdonfh aeY&ufudk az:jyívufrSwfa&;
xk;d &rnf/(2) Burd o f wfrw S xf m;onfh twGuf (2) Burd x f ufrenf; a&muf&&dS rnf jzpfygonf/ a&muf&o dS nfh
&yfpw GJ idk ;f ukd oufqidk &f mvwGif a&;oGi;f az:jy&rnf/ a&;oGi;fonfh &nf&, G cf surf mS owfrw S xf m;onfh
acgufa&rsm;twkid ;f oGm;a&mufjcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&efjzpfygonf/ 4if;tjyif e,fxed ;f wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;\
vkyif ef;rsm;ukd ppfaq;&mwGiv f nf; þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyw f iG f az:jyxm;onfh aeY&ufEiS t hf acgufa&rsm;
twkid ;f oGm;a&mufjci;f &S^d r&Sd &Jpcef;&Sd rSwyf w Hk if 4? rSwyf w Hk if 35 aus;&Gm&Sd &Jt&m&Srd sm; vufrw S x f ;dk
pmtkyrf sm;ESihf wku d q
f idk pf pfaq;Ekid &f ef jzpfygonf/ xku d o hJ Ydk jyKvyk x
f m;&Sjd cif;tm;jzifh e,fxed ;f tzJUG 0if
rsm;onf 4if;wk\ Yd vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;tm; vdrv f nfí az:jyjcif; rjyKEidk yf g/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyüf qufpyfvsu&f adS om pmtkyrf mS aus;&GmtoD;oD;wgif xm;&So d nfh jrefrmEkid if H
&JwyfzUGJ 0ifrsm; vufrw S af &;xk;d pmtkyf (jypfrI 78) ykpH jH zpfygonf/ 4if;pmtkyw f iG v
f nf; tykid ;f (3) ykid ;f
yg&Syd gonf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
103
yxrykid ;f / &yfuu G af us;&GmtwGi;f aexkid Mf uaom ]u} ]c} vlq;dk rsm;/
'kw,
d ykid ;f / &yfuGuf âus;&GmtwGif;vma&mufrnfh vu©Pm&Sdaom ppfajy;? &Jajy;? &Jbufajy;?
w&m;cHajy;rsm;/
wwd,ykid ;f / rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifh &Jt&m&SdESifh &JwyfzJGU0ifrsm;? &yfuGufâus;&Gmrsm;okdY
a&muf&adS Mumif; az:jyvufrw S af &;xk;d &ef/
yxrykid ;f ESihf 'kw, d ykid ;f wkt
Yd m; jynfph rHk eS uf efpmG a&;om;jznfo h iG ;f &ef rSm &Jpcef;&Sd e,fxed ;f tzJ\
G
wm0efomjzpfonf/
þrSwyf w Hk iftm; &Jpcef;wGif tNrJ jyKpx k ed ;f odr;f xm;&Sd &ygonf/
jypfrI 78 ykpH u
H dk &Jpcef;rSwyf w
Hk ifrsm;ESihf atmufygtwkid ;f wku d q f idk pf pfaq;Ekid yf gonf-
aus;&GmwGif xm;&Sad om &Jt&m&Sd vufrw S x f ;dk pmtkyf (jypfrI 78)
rSwfykHwif (35)
&Jpcef;e,fxdef;tzJGU\ (7) &ufwpfywf rSwfwrf; rSwfykHwif
&Jpcef;&Sd e,fxed ;f wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;onf 4if;wk\ Yd (7) &uftwGi;f aqmif&u G rf I tajctaersm;ukd
txuft&m&Srd sm;okYd pepfwus wifjytpD&ifcEH idk &f eftwGuf þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk xm;&Sjd cif; jzpfygonf/
tok;H jyKypHk H
tok;H jyKaom ykpH rH mS (jypfrI 22-u) ykpH jH zpfonf/
a&;oGi;f enf;
þrSwfwrf;ukd &Jpcef;e,fxdef;wyfzJGU0ifrsm;onf (7) &ufwpfywfa&;om;&NyD; &Jpcef;rSL;rS
c&kid &f w
J yfzUGJ rSL;ESijhf ynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;rsm;xHoYdk NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUGJ rSL;rSwqifh ay;yk&Yd ygonf/
&Jpcef;&Sd e,fxed ;f tzGUJ onf wevFmaeYwiG f &Jpcef;rS xGucf mG Ny;D paeaeYwiG f &Jpcef;okYd jyefvnf
a&muf&NdS y;D we*FaEGaeYwiG f rdrw d v Ydk yk af qmifcsurf sm;tm; a&;oGi;f í wevFmaeYwiG f &Jpcef;rS jyefvnf
xGucf mG &onfeh nf;pepftwkid ;f jyKvyk af qmif&u G of ifyh gonf/
þrSww f rf;ukd jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;&k;H rsm;ESiNhf rKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;&k;H &Sd axmufvrS ;f a&;XmerS
ta&;,l&ef ta&;Bu;D onfah umufEKS wcf surf sm;ukd xkwEf KS w, f &l ef wm0ef&f ydS gonf/(&JpyJG - 344)
&Jpcef;&Sd e,fxed ;f acgif;aqmift&m&So d nf (7) &ufwpfywfrw S w f rf; (jypfr-I 22-u) ykpH u H dk xm;&Sí
d
atmufygowif;tcsut f vufrsm;ukd a&;om;&rnf-
(u) oGm;a&mufcJhonfh &yfuGufâus;&Gmtrnf? aemufqkH;oGm;a&mufcJhonfh aeYpJG?
,if;&yfuGuf? aus;&GmwGif&Sdaom vlqkd;ta&twGuf? a&muf&Sdonfh tcsdef^ em&DESifh
jyefvnfxGufcGg onfh tcsdefêm&D/
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
104
(c) rdrdukd,fwkdif awGY&SdcJh&onfh tx¬KyÜwådpmcsyf0if vlqkd;rsm;\ trnfrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdYESifh
oufqidk af om owif;pum;rsm;/
(*) pkpH rf;ar;jref;cJah om tx¬Kyw Ü pdå mcsy0f if vlq;dk rsm;\ trnfrsm;ESihf 4if;wkEYd iS o hf ufqidk f
aom owif;pum;rsm;/
(C) pkpH rf;ar;jref;cJah om ppfajy;? &Jajy;? &Jbufajy;? w&m;cHajy;^0&rf;ajy;wk\ Yd trnfrsm;ESihf
4if;wkEYd iS hf oufqidk af om owif;pum;rsm;
(i) &yfuGufâus;&GmwGif &Sdaom tjcm;tusihfpm&dwå raumif;olrsm;ESifh yufoufonfh
&&Sad om owif;pum;rsm;/
(p) &yfuGufâus;&GmwGif awGY&Sdaom rouFm{nfhonfrsm;\ trnfrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdYESifh
oufqidk af om owif;pum;rsm;? 4if;tjyif xk{d nfo h nfrsm;twGuf (jypfrI 36^ &J 71)
ykpH aH y;ykYd ar;jref;xm;jcif; &S^d r&S\ d
(q) aemufq;Hk tBurd o f mG ;a&mufcNhJ y;D ? ,cka&muf&o dS nfh tBurd t f awmtwGi;f aoqk;H cJh
aom vufykHpHtrIwJG jyKvkyfxm;onfh vufykHpH FPvlqkd;rsm;\ trnfrsm;/
(Z) rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifhpdwfukdajymif;vJapaom aq;0g;rsm;ESifh yufoufonfh owif;rsm;?
avmif;upm;jcif;rsm;? vkid 0f ifrt hJ &ufcsuv f yk jf cif;rsm;? vkid pf ifrhJ vufeufc, J rf; ponf
wk\ Yd owif;rsm;ESihf &Jpcef;okYd wkid Mf um;jcif;rjyKaom jypfrjI zpfymG ;jcif; ponfw\ Ydk owif;
pum;rsm;/
(ps) wkdif;a&;jynfrIESifh aomif;usef;ol tajctaersm;? a'oEÅ&qkdif&m taESmifht,Suf
ponfw\ Ydk owif;pum;t&yf&yf/ (&Jp'GJ k 1624)
þrSww f rf;ukd &Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzJUG acgif;aqmifonf ckEpS &f ufwpfywf a&;om;&Ny;D ? &Jpcef;rSL;ESihf
NrdKUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;rSwpfqifh c&kdif&JwyfzJGUrSL;xHokdY ay;ykdY&rnf/ &Jpcef;&Sde,fxdef;tzJGU\ wevFmaeYrS
paeaeYtxd aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ukd we*FaEGaeYwiG f pkaygif;nSEd idI ;f Ny;D aemuf xkcd Ek pS &f ufwpfywfrw S wf rf;
wGif a&;oGif;um &Jpcef;rSL;xH wifjy&rnf/ ta&;BuD;aom owif;pum;rsm;ukd &Jpcef;rSL;xH tjref
tpD&ifcH&ef vkdtyfvQif aMu;eef;? w,fvDzkef;ponfwkdYjzifh qufoG,fowif;ykdY&rnf/ &Jpcef;rSL;onf
e,fxed ;f tzJUG \ ckEpS &f ufwpfywf rSww f rf;ukd vufc&H &Sad om tcg &Jpcef;&Sd t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;rsm;ESihf
wku d q f idk pf pfaq;&rnf/ 4if;tjyif &Jpcef; rSwyf w Hk if (34) &S?d e,fxed ;f tzJUG rsm; ,if;&yfuu G ^f aus;&GmokYd
a&muf&o dS nfh aeYpu GJ dk oufqidk &f mvwGif vufrw S w f adk &;xk;d xm;jcif;rsm;ESiv hf nf; wku
d q f idk pf pfaq;&rnf/
&Jpcef;rSL;onf ta&;Bu;D aom a&;oGi;f csurf sm;wGif wpfbufab;rS jcpfí aomfvnf;aumif;? csrw S &f ef
&Sdaom rSwfcsufrsm;ukd csrSwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? aqmif&GufNyD;aemuf NrdKUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;rS wqifh
c&kid &f wJ yfzUGJ rSL;&k;H okYd qufvufay;yk&Yd rnf/ c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;&k;H &Sd 'kp&kud Ef rdS ef if;a&;tzGUJ rS e,fxed ;f tzJUG \
ckEpS &f ufwpfywfrw S w f rf;rS ta&;,l&ef ta&;Bu;D aomaumufEw k cf surf sm;ukd xkwEf w k í f c&kid f &JwyfzUGJ rSL;
xH wifjy&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/ e,fxdef;tzJGU\ ckESpf&ufwpfywfrSwfwrf;ukd &Jpcef;rSwfykHwif (35)wGif
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105
zkid w
f jGJ yKvyk x f m;&Sí d 2 ESpMf umjrihaf omtcg zsuq f ;D Ekid &f ef c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;xH wifjyaqmif&u G &f rnf/
&Jpcef;ppfaq;onfh t&m&Sdrsm;onf 4if;&Jpcef;&Sd e,fxdef;tzJGU0ifrsm; rdrdwkdY\ tvkyf0wå&m;rsm;ukd
uRr;f usiaf usyeG pf mG aqmif&u G jf cif;&S^d r&Sd od&EdS idk &f eftwGuf &Jpcef;&Sd ckEpS &f ufwpfywfrw S w f rf;rsm;ukd
aocsm*epGm ppfaq;&rnf/ (&Jp'GJ k 1624)
tw¬Kyw Ü zdå iG Nhf y;D onf vlq;dk wpfa,muf? okrYd [kwf tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajrokYd oGm;a&mufí jypfrI
usL;vGev f rd rhf nf[k ,lq&aom vlq;kd tnGe;f rmwdumpmcsyzf iG x hf m;onfh vlq;dk wpfa,mufonf 4if;\
ae&yfrS tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajrokYd xGucf gG oGm;onfudk odvQio f cd si;f &Jpcef;rSL;onf w,fvzD ek ;f jzifh jzpfap?
aMu;eef;jzihjf zpfap? e,fxed ;f qufom;enf;jzifh jzpfap xkx d u G cf mG oGm;&m &Jpcef;okYd csucf si;f taMumi;f
Mum;&rnfhtjyif (jypfrI 35^&J 67) ykHpHukd tokH;jyKí 2 apmifa&;oGif;NyD;vQif oufqkdif&m &Jpcef;okdY
tjrefq;Hk enf;jzifh ay;yk&Yd rnf/ ay;ykaYd omtqkyd g vlq;dk ESihf yufoufonfh (jypfrI 35^&J 67) ykpH &H &Sad omtcg
&Jpcef;rSL;u &&Sad Mumif; rl&if;ykpH yH gajypm jzwfyidk ;f wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d í aeYpw GJ yfNy;D jyefy&Ydk rnf/ xkaYd emuf
rl&if;ykpH u H kd vlq;dk pkaH xmuftzJUG 0ifoYdk (4if;wkrYd &Sv d si)f &Jpcef;wGif &Sad om &Jt&m&Sw d pfa,mufa,mufoYdk
ay;tyfí ta&;,laqmif&u G af p&rnf/ rdwLå ykpH u H dk &Jpcef;wGif pm&Guv f w G w f pfcsyEf iS hf zkid w f NGJ y;D xkv d ql ;dk
ESiyhf ufoufonfh aqmif&u G cf surf sm;? &&Sad om owif;rsm;ukd rSwo f m;ap&rnf/ xkv d q l ;dk ukd awG&Y NdS y;D
4if;u 6 vxufenf;í xkt d &yfü aexkid &f ef Bu&H , G af Mumif;od&dS &vsif rlvtykid f &Jpcef;rSL;xH taMumif;
Mum;Ny;D ? rdru d 4if;vlq;dk ukd apmifMh uyfMunf&h I &rnf/ 4if;vlq;dk onf 4if;\ rlvae&yfoYdk jyefaomtcg
rl&if;ykpH H (jypfrI 35^&J 67) ausmbufwiG f 4if;aexkid pf OftwGi;f od&&dS aom owif;rsK;d pku H dk a&;om;Ny;D vQif
rlvay;ykaYd om &Jpcef;rSL;xH jyefy&Ydk rnf/ 4if;\ ae&yfoYdk rjyefbJ tjcm;&Jpcef;ykid ef ,fajrokYd ajymif;a&TU
oGm;ygu 4if;vlq;dk aexkid pf OftwGi;f &aomowif;rsm;ukd a&;om;Ny;D rl&if;ykpH H (jypfrI 35 ^&J 67) ukd
oufqidk o f nfh &Jpcef;topfoYdk ay;yk&Yd rnf/ xko d Ydk ay;ykNYd y;D aMumi;fEiS hf 4if;vlq;dk ajymi;fa&TUoGm;aMumi;fudk
rlv&Jpcef;rSL;xH pmjzihf taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ ykpH &H &Sad om &Jcef;topfu txufygenf;twkid ;f ta&;
,l&rnf/(&Jp'GJ -k 1625)
tu,fí 4if;vlqkd;onf ajymif;a&TUoGm;aomae&yfwGif 6 vxufausmfvGef í aexkdifygu
oufqkdif&m &Jpcef;u rlv&Jpcef;rS 4if;vlqkd;\ tw¬KyÜwådpmcsyfESifh rmwdumpmcsyfrsm;ukd awmif;í
4if;vlq;dk ukd apmifMh uyfMunf&h &I rnf/ (&Jp'GJ -k 1626)
tw¬Kyw Ü v då q l ;dk wpfa,mufonf rnfonft h &yfa'ookYd oGm;a&mufaMumif; pkpH rf;í r&onft h cg
4if;\ yko H @efEiS fh taMumif;t&m tvk;H pku H dk ykpH H (jypfrI ) wGif a&;oGi;f í 4if;ykpH x H yd w f iG f
tw¬Kyw Ü v då ql ;dk [lí az:jyNy;D c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;xH 4if;\ vufypHk w H iG f tvHwyfNy;D aysmufq;Hk í &SmazG&ef
rSwo f m;ay;yk&Yd rnf/ (&Jp'GJ -k 1627)
&Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzGUJ u apmifMh uyfMunf&h &I rnfv h q l ;dk rsm;rSm vufaAGvq l ;dk rsm;ESi&hf mZ0ifvq l ;dk tjyif
jypfru I sL;vGeNf y;D xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifaeaom w&m;cHajy;rsm; jzpfygonf/&mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;rSm atmufyg
twkid ;f (2)rsK;d &do S nf/(&Jp'JG k - 1613^1614)
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106
( 1 ) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 565t& trdecYf srw S jf cif;cH&aom vlq;dk rsm;/
( 2 ) jypfrq I idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 401t& pnf;urf;owfjzifv h w T xf m;aom vlq;dk rsm;/
( 3 ) &mZ0wfjypfrw I m;qD;a&; tufOya'rsm;t& cH0efcsKyEf iS v fh wT x f m;olrsm;/
Oyrm/ ajccsKyOf ya'yk'rf 7^9 ponfrsm;/
&JwyfzUJG rS ta&;,ljcif;r[kwb f J aus;&GmvlBu;D u wku d &f u
dk tf a&;,laom jypfrI okrYd [kwf ouFm
ruif;aom vlq;dk rsm;ESiq hf ;dk 0g;aom &mZ0wfjypfrBI u;D rsm;ukd usL;vGe&f ef BuKw d ifBu&H , G w f wfonfv h ql ;dk
rsm;jzpfygonf/
&Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzGUJ tm; rMumcP ajymif;vJjcif;rjyK&/tcsed Mf umjrihpf mG xm;&S&d rnf/okrYd o S mvQif
vlq;dk rsm; vIy&f mS ;oGm;vmwwfyEHk iS jhf yKrw l wfyHk e,fajrtajctaersm;ukd aumif;pGm od&rdS nfjzpfonf/
&Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzGUJ tm; trIppfaq;&mwGif apckid ;f jcif;rjyK&/okaYd omfvnf; 4if;wku Yd Rr;f usiof nfh t&yf
a'oü tok;H 0ifygrI trIppHk rf;ppfaq;olt&m&St d m; uln&D eftwGuf tok;H jyKEidk yf gonf/ (&JpGJ('k)1621)
&Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzGUJ onf rdrw d \ Ydk aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESi&hf &So d nfh owif;pum;rsm;ukd rdrw d \ Ydk
rSwfpkpmtkyfwGif a&;oGif;xm;&rnf/&Jpcef;okdY jyefvnfa&muf&SdvQif wyfMuyfBuD;pma&;u zwf&INyD;
vufrw S u f dk a&;xk;d &ygrnf/&&So d nfo h wif;pum; twkcd sKyrf sm;ukd &Jpcef;(rSwyf w Hk if 4)t&yf&yfaeYpOf
rSww f rf;wGif a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
(&Jvufp'JG w k ,d wGt J yk'd f 1345) (2)
e,fxed ;f wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;onf &Jpcef;okaYd &muf&v dS Qif a&muf&cdS si;f owif;pum;twkcd sKyu f dk t&yf&yf
aeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif az:jya&;om;&rnf[k ñGeMf um;xm;ygonf/vpOf &Jpcef;e,fxed ;f wyfzUJG 0ifacgif;
aqmifonf t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S wf rf;rsm;ukd zwf&NI y;D a&;oGi;f oifo h nfh owif;rsm;ukd &mZ0ifzidk rf sm;wGif
qufvufí a&;oGi;f &rnf/
e,fxed ;f wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;onf &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;owif;ukd &Jpcef;rSL;xHoYdk owif;ay;yk&Yd rnft h jyif
oufqidk &f m &mZ0ifzidk w f rJG sm;wGiv f nf; a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
(&JvufpJG 'kw, d wGt J yk'd f 1625)
&mZ0ifvq l ;dk wpfO;D wpfa,mufonf tjcm;pcef;e,fajrokYd ajymif;a&TUxGucf mG oGm;vQif (jypfr-I
15^&mZ0wf-67)ykpH u H dk ajymif;a&TUoGm;onfh &Jpcef;okYd ay;yk&Yd ygonf/
(&JvufpJG 'kw, d wGt J yk'd f 1659)
rouFmzG,&f m vlprd ;f rsm; rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrtwGi;f awGU&Sv d Qif (jypfr-I 36^&mZ0wf-71)ykpH u H dk
tok;H jyK&ygonf/(&JvufpGJ 'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1583)
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107
vufykHpHXmewGif pmcsyfrsm;ukd y,fzsufEkdif&ef vlqkd;rsm; apmifhMuyfMunfh&I&onfh t&m&SdESifhe,fxdef;
wyfzUJG 0ifwu Ydk vufypHk &H ,lNy;D olrsm; touf&iS v f Quf &S^d r&Sd jypfru I sL;vGejf cif; jyKEidk ^f rjyKEidk w
f u Ydk dk rdrw
d Ydk
oGm;a&mufonfh aus;&Gmrsm;wGif &Hzef&cH g ppfaq;&rnf/
&Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzGUJ \aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ukd &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;ESiw hf udk q
f idk pf pfaq;jcif;
&Jpcef;rSL;ESiNhf rKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;rsm;onf e,fxed ;f tzGUJ \(7)&ufwpfywf rSww f rf;rsm;ukd atmufyg
rSwyf w Hk ifrsm;ESiw hf udk q f idk pf pfaq;Ny;D rSom jynfe,f^wkid ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;&k;H okYd qufvufay;yd&Yk ygrnf/
e,fxdef;tzGJU\rSwfwrf;rsm;ukd vufcH&&Sdaomtcg 4if;wkdYwm0efxrf;aqmifonfh&Jpcef;rS
t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf;rsm;ESiw hf u dk q f idk pf pfaq;&ygrnf/xkaYd emuf &Jpcef;(rSwyf w Hk if 34)wGif e,fxef;tzGUJ
rsm;aus;&GmokYd a&muf&o dS nfah eY&ufudk oufqidk &f mvwGif vufrw S w f dk a&;xk;d &ygonf/4if;a&;oGi;f csuf
rsm;ESi(hf 7)&ufwpfywf'idk , f m&Da&;oGi;f csurf sm; wku d q f idk pf pfaq;&ef jzpfygonf/Z,m;uGut f rSw(f 5)wGif
NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;u owfrw S x f m;&So d nfh tBurd t f a&twGut f wkid ;f oGm;a&mufcjhJ cif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&rnf/
(rSwyf w Hk if 33)wGif &mZ0ifvq l ;dk pm&if;ESiw hf &m;cHajy;rsm;pm&if;yg&S&d m vlq;dk xde;f tzGUJ rsm;onf
aus;&GmokYd a&muf&v dS Qif xkad us;&Gm&Sd &mZ0ifvq l ;dk rsm;ESiw hf &m;cHajy;rsm; taMumif;ukd pkpH rf;jcif; &S^d r&Sd
wku d q
f idk pf pfaq;&ygonf/wpfqufwnf;yif oufqidk &f m &mZ0ifzidk rf sm;ESiw hf &m;cHajy;zkid rf sm;wGiv f nf;
pkpH rf;csurf sm; a&;oGi;f jcif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;Ekid yf gonf/aus;&Gmrsm;wGif xm;&Sad om vufrw S x f ;dk pmtkyf
(jypfrI 78)ESiv hf nf; wku d q f idk pf pfaq;&ef vkt d yfygonf/
vufvrS ;f rDonfah us;&Gmrsm;rS (jypfrI 78)pmtkyrf sm;ukd &Jpcef;okYd ,laqmifí jzpfap &Jpcef;rSL;onf
rSwfykHwif(33^34^35)vufaAGvlqkd;pm&if; vlqkd;tñTef;rmwdum u'fpmcsyf0ifvlqkd;pm&if;rsm;ukd
aus;&Gmrsm;okYd ,laqmifomG ;íjzpfap ppfaq;Ekid yf gonf/
(jypfrI 78)pmtkyw f iG f a&;oGi;f xm;aom vufaAGvq l ;dk pm&if;rsm;onf (&Jvufp'JG w k , d wGt J yk'd f
1583ESi1hf 639)(Z)t& xm;&So d nfh vufaAGvq l ;dk pm&if;rsm;ESiu hf u dk n f jD cif; &S^d r&Sd &mZ0ifvq l ;dk pm&if;ESihf
w&m;cHajy;pm&if;onf (rSwyf w Hk if 33)wGi&f adS om pm&if;ESiw hf ^l rwl e,fxed ;f tzGUJ rsm; aus;&GmokYd a&muf
&Sdojzifh (jypfrI 78)wGif a&;oGif;vufrSwfxkd;xm;onfh aeY&ufrsm;onf rSwfykHwif (34^35)rsm;wGif
a&;oGi;f xm;onfh aeY&ufEiS u hf u dk n f jD cif; &S^d r&Spd onfrsm;ukd tjyeftvSef ppfaq;&ygrnf/
þrSwyf w Hk ifudk xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifudk &Jpcef;wGif (2) ESpx f m;&SNd y;D zsuq f ;D cGihf &ygonf/
uefo
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108
tykid ;f tykid ;f tykid ;f

(1) (2) (3)
]u} c} vlqkd; w&m;cHajy;âjy; (4)ajy; &Jt&m&Srd sm; vufrwS x
f ;dk
]u} c} vlqkd; r.y.w (33)

(1613-1623) tykid ;f (3)
r.y.w (33) r.y.w (29)

tykid ;f (4) tykid ;f (4)
r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w

(4) (34) (35) (29) 36 (c) (7)
rSwfykHwif (36)
vl;qkd;tnTef;rmwdum pmcsyfESifh aus;&Gm &mZ0wfrI v,f*smpm&if;csKyf
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJt G yk'd f 1628)
jypfrrI sm;ESiyhf ufoufí tusK;d jzpfajrmufapEdik &f ef jypfrI usL;vGeo f w l \Ydk vlq;dk tnTe;f rmwdum
pmcsyfrsm; (jypfrI 103-u) ESifh &yfuGufâus;&Gm jypfrIv,f*smpm&if;csKyf (jypfrI -103-c) ykHpHrsm;ukd
xm;&S&d ef vktd yfayonf/ xku d o
hJ Ydk jypfru I sL;vGeof rl sm;rSm ESprf sK;d ESppf m; &Sod nf-
(u) owfrw S x
f m;aom jypfrrI sm;aMumihf jypf'Pfcsrw S jf cif;cH&aom vlq;dk rsm;/
(c) Bu;D av;aom jypfrt I csKUd ukd usL;vGeaf eol[k rouFm&ef &So d rl sm;
vlqkd;wkdY\ taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd tNrJojzihf rSwfwrf;wifxm;&ef txufü az:jyxm;aom
vlq;dk wpfO;D pDtwGuf tnTe;f rmwdumpmcsyf (jypfrI 103-u) ykpH rH sm; a&;rSwzf iG v hf pS x
f m;&rnf/ 4if;wk\Yd
trnfrsm;ukd &yfuGufâus;&Gm jypfrI v,f*smpm&if;csKyf (jypfrI 103-c) ykHpHwGif xnfhoGif;&rnf/
txufaz:jyyg ESprf sK;d ESppf m;xJrS ta&;Bu;D onfh vlq;dk rsm;\ tw¬Kyw Ü pdå mcsyrf sm;ukv d nf; zGi&hf rnf/
&Jpcef;wkdif;ü rdrdwkdY\ vlqkd;tnTef;rmwdum pmcsyfrsm;ukd uRef;? oHAD&kdwGif tuefYi,frsm; pepfjzifh
vlqkd;tnTef;rmwdum ta&mufvkduf xdef;odrf;xm;&Sd&rnfhtjyif &yfuGufâus;&Gm jypfrIpm&if;csKyf
udkvnf; xm;&Sd&rnf/ &Jpcef;rSL;\ BuD;MuyfrIukd cH,lvsuf e,fxdef;tzJGU acgif;aqmifESifh
e,fxdef;rSwfwrf;tzJGUonf vlqkd;tnTef;rmwdum pmcsyfrsm;ESifh &yfuGuf? aus;&Gm jypfrIv,f*sm
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109
pm&if;csKyu f dk aumif;rGejf ynfph pHk mG xde;f odr;f a&;rSw&f eftwGuf wm0efc&H rnf/ (&Jp'GJ -k 1628)
a&;oGi;f enf;
þrSwyf w Hk ifudk tBurf;tm;jzihf atmufygtrsK;d tpm; (4) rsK;d jzihf ykid ;f jcm;yg0igygonf/
(u) vlq;dk tnTe;f rmwdum pmcsyrf sm;
(c ) aus;&Gm &mZ0wfjypfrI v,f*smpm&if;pmtkyf
(* ) tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0if
(C) aus;&Gmtkypf k owif;ay;pmcsyrf sm;
vkt
d yfaomykpH rH sm;
vlq;dk tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyf (jypfrI 103-u^&mZ0wf)ykpH H
aus;&Gm &mZ0wfjypfrI (jypfrI 103-c^&mZ0wf)ykpH H
jypfrv I ,f*smpm&if;csKy/f
tw¬Kyw Ü då (&mZ0if) (jypfrI 103-*^&mZ0wf)ykpH H zkid t f zk;H ?
(jypfrI 103-C^&mZ0wf)ykpH rH mS yxrykid ;f ?
(jypfrI 103-i^&mZ0wf)ykpH rH mS 'kw, d ykid ;f ?
(jypfrI 103-p^&mZ0wf)ykpH rH mS wwd,ykid ;f ?
(jypfrI 103-q^&mZ0wf)ykpH rH mS pwkwy¬ idk ;f ?
aus;&Gmtkypf k owif;ay;pmcsyf (jypfrI 103-Z^&mZ0wf)ykpH ?H
atmufygjypfrrI sm;ukd usL;vGeo f w l tYdk wGuf vlq;dk tñTe;f rmwdum pmcsyrf sm;ukv d nf; zGivhf rd hf
rnf -
( u) "m;jyrI
( c ) vk,ufrI
( * ) tdraf zmufxiG ;f rIEiS t hf aqmuftOD;? avS? oabFm okrYd [kwf rD;&xm;rS ck;d aomck;d rIBu;D rsm;
( C) wd&pämefc;dk rI
( i ) ck;d &mygypön;f vufcrH I
( p ) (c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;\trdet Yf & cg;yku d Ef udI jf cif;tm;jzifh toufarG;jrLjcif;? vdrv f nfjcif;tm;
jzifh toufarG;jrLjcif;? &yfuu G ^f aus;&GmwGif Ekid v f rdk if;xufjyKojl zpfjcif;ponfh oD;jcm;
owfrw S xf m;aom trIrsK;d rsm;)/
vlqkd;tñTef;rmwdumpmcsyfwpfcsyfpDukd vlqkd;rsm;ESifhrouFm&ef&Sdolrsm;twGuf ]]&yfuGuf^
aus;&Gmjypfrv I ,f*smpm&if;csKy}f }wGif az:jyxm;onfh tpDtpOfEiS phf mrsuEf mS trSwpf Oftwkid ;f trSwpf Of
wyf&rnf/vlq;dk wpfO;D wpfa,mufonf xyfrt H jypf&onft h cgwGijf zpfap? rouFm&ef&o dS ol nf tjypf&&Sd
onht f cgwGijf zpfap 4if;wk\ Yd trnfrsm;ukd ]]&yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmjypfrv I ,f*smpm&if;csKy}f }wGif xyfrx H nfh
oGi;f jcif;rjyK&/ok&Yd mwGif oifah vsmaf om taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd Z,m;uGuf toD;oD;wkw dY iG f rlva&;oGi;f
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
110
xm;aom ae&mrsm;ab;ü xnfo h iG ;f &rnf/jypfru I sL;vGejf cif;ukad jzmifq
h í dk tpk;d &oufaotjzpfvufcH
olrsm;twGuv f nf; tjypfusorl sm;twGuf vlq;dk tnTe;f rmwdumpmcsyf zGio hf nfth wkid ;f zGi&hf rnf/okYd
&mwGif pmcsy\ f aemufausmwGif axmif'PfrnfrQusc&H rnf[ak z:jy&efae&mwGif tpk;d &oufao[ka&;
oGi;f &rnf/ (&JpGJ'k 1630)
aus;&Gm&mZ0wfjypfrv I ,f*smpm&if;pmcsKyf
þpmcsKyo f nf pmrsuEf mS (1)rS (500)txd pmrsuEf mS aygif; (500)&So d nf/pmrsuEf mS (1)rS(10)txd
rSm &Jpcef;e,fajrtwGif;&Sd &yfuGufâus;&Gmtkyfpke,fajrtwGufomvQif pmrsufESmaz:jy&onf/
okrYd [kwf &mtdrrf LS ;? q,ftrd rf LS ; trnfpm&if;ESi&hf yfuu G ^f aus;&Gm&Sd vlO;D a& pm&if;rsm;ukd rSwo f m;&ef
oD;oefYpmrsufESmrsm; xm;&Sd&rnf/&Gmodrf&Gmi,frsm;twGuf az:jy&efrvkd/vlqkd;rsm;ESifhrouFm&ef&Sd
olrsm;\ ta&twGut f vku
d f &yfuu G ^f aus;&GmtoD;oD;wkw Yd iG f pmrsuEf mS rsm;ukd oifah vsmo f vkd ykid ;f jcm;
uefo Y wfxm;&rnf/vlq;dk rsm;aexkid o f nfh &yfuuG ^f aus;&Gmtkypf t k a&twGurf sm;jym;aom &Jpcef;wküYd
&yfuGufâus;&GmtkyfpktoD;oD;wkdYtwGuf vkHavmufaom pmrsufESmrsm; oD;oefYxm;&SdEkdifap&ef
&yfuGufâus;&GmjypfrIv,f*smpm&if;pmcsKy
]]&yf pmcsKyf}}ukd (2)wGJxm;&Sd&ef vkdtyfvdrfhrnf/pmrsufESm(11)rS
(500)txd pmcsyzf iG Nhf y;D oltm;vk;H wkt Yd aMumif;t&mukd a&;&efEiS hf pmcsKyt f rSwpf Ofay;&efjzpfonf/tpOf
eHygwfudk yxra&;í pmrsuEf mS eHygwfudk atmufrS az:jyoifyh gonf/
Oyrm
Oyrm/ pmrsuEf mS (11)wGif tpOf (5) vlq;dk armifv\ S taMumif;ukd a&;oGi;f vQif vlq;dk armifv\ S pmcsyf
rSm (5^11)jzpfygonf/pmrsuEf mS (11)rSpí tcsKUd v,f*smwGif Z,m;(5)uGuo f myg&Sí d atmufyg
twkid ;f Z,m;(8)uGujf yifqifa&;om;&rnf/
rouFmonfh
vufypHk H tjypf'Pf tw¬Kyw Ü då
trSwpf Of trnf tbtrnf yk'-® 102 rSwcf suf
&S^d r&Sd &onfyh 'k rf &S^d r&Sd
trdeaYf eYpJG
Z,m;uGut f rSw(f 8)rSwcf suwf iG f vlq;dk onf &Gmü &S^d axmifus^wdr;f a&Smifponfjzifh ]]cJ cJ}}jzifh a&;om;
az:jy&rnf/
vlq;dk tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyf
ykpH rH mS (jypfrI 103-u^&mZ0wf)jzpfygonf/
pmcsyt f ok;H 0ifyHk (&Jvufp'JG wk ,d wGt J yk'd f 1638)
( 1 ) vlq;kd \jypfcsuaf [mif;&SmazG&ef/
( 2 ) vlq;dk onf rnfonhjf ypfrrI sK;d ukd rnfuo hJ Ydk usL;vGew
f wfaMumif; od&EdS ikd &f ef/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
111
( 3 ) vlq;dk \taygif;toif;rdwaf qGrsm;ukd od&&dS ef/
( 4 ) trIppft&m&Srd sm;onf tcif;jzpfae&mokYd roGm;a&mufrD pmcsyrf sm;ukd BuKw d ifí
avhvmoGm;vQif vlq;dk rsm;\yko H @mef? usL;vGew f wfy?Hk usL;vGew f wfaom jypfrrI sm;wkEYd iS hf vlq;dk
\ tquftoG,w f u
Ydk dk od&EdS idk rf nfjzpfygonf/
pmcsyaf &;zGiehf nf;
tjypfuspmcsyfESifhrouFmpmcsyf (2)rsKd;&dSygonf/&JvufpGJ'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1629wGif az:jy
xm;aom jypfrrI sm;ESit hf jypfusvQif tjypfusu'fa&;zGi&hf onf/(&JvufpGJ'kwd,wGJtykd'f 1630) wGif
az:jyxm;aom jypfrrI sm;ESirhf ouFmvQif rouFmpmcsyaf &;zGi&hf ygonf/
(&Jvufp'JG k - 1632^1633) tjypfusu'fudk rnfonft h cg a&;zGi&hf oenf;
( 1 ) rIcif;rSww f rf;t&m&Sx d rH S trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;rsm;&&So d nft h cg
( 2 ) tjcm;&Jpcef;rS jypfrI 34^&J 65-u ykpH H vufc&H &So d nft h cg
rSwcf su/f rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrrS vlq;dk wpfO;D onf tjcm;e,fajrtwGi;f (&JpGJ'k 1629) 1629)yg
jypfrIwpfpkHwpf&mukd usL;vGefí jypf'Pf&&SdvQif xkd&Jpcef;rSL;u jypfrI-65 ykHpH
(2)&Guw f iG f taMumif;t&mrsm; jynfph pHk mG a&;oGi;f Ny;D vlq;dk aexkid o f nfh &Jpcef;okYd
ay;yk&Yd onf/vlq;dk aexkid &f m&Jpcef;rS pmcsyaf &;zGiNhf y;D vQif pmcsyf eHygwfudk az:jyNy;D
(1)&Guu f dk oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;okYd jyefvnfay;ykí Yd (1)&Guf ukd zkid w f x JG m;&S&d rnf/
( 3 ) &JvufpGJ'kwGJtykd'f 1629 wGif oD;oefYaz:jyxm;onfh &Jta&;rykdifaom jypfrjI zifh
w&m;olBu;D uk, d w f idk f ta&;,laom trIrsm;\jypfcsuu f dk NrKUd e,f&w
J yfzUJG rSL;&k;H rS&pJ cef;okYd
(jypfrI 34^&J 65-u) wGif ay;yko h cg (&JpGJ'k - 1634)
Yd nft
rouFmu'fudk rnfonft h cga&;zGio hf enf;
( 1 ) NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;xHrS jypfrI 102ykpH u H dk jyefvnfvufc&H &So d nft h cg
rSwcf su/f &Jvufp'JG w k , d wG-J 1630tygt0if jypfrw I pfcck jk zifh vkaH vmufaom taMumif;rsm;
jzifh vlq;dk tay:rouFmvQif aemufq;Hk trIwüJG trIppft&m&Su d rouFmaMumif;
oufaocHvufrw S yf pHk H jypfr1I 02 ykpH uH dk wGNJ y;D NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;xH ay;yk&Yd rnf/
NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;u pmcsyzf iG &hf efoif^h roifh ñTeMf um;Ny;D &Jpcef;okYd jyefvnfay;yYdk
&rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1637)
( 2 ) &Jp'JG k tyk'd f 1629? 1630 yg jypfrIwpfpkHwpf&mukd usL;vGefNyD; xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifaeu
jypfrIqkdif&musihfxkH;Oya' 512t& ta&;,l&vQif &Jpcef;rSwfykHwif 29(u)ESifh(*)
zkdifwGifzGihfNyD;jzpfí vlqkd;tñTef;rmwdumpmcsyfvnf;&SdNyD;jzpfvQif 4if;pmcsyfay:wGif
rouFmoltaMumif;t&mukd a&;onfw h idk f xnfo h iG ;f a&;om;&rnf/ (&JpGJ'k 1637)
( 3 ) rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrrS vlq;dk wpfO;D onf tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f ü &Jp'JG -k 1630ygjypfrjI zifh
taMumif;t&mvkaH vmufpmG rouFmí tjcm;&Jpcef;ykid af om NrKUd e,f&w J yf zGUJ rSL;u jypfrI
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
112
102 ykpH u H dk rdr&d pJ cef;ykid o f nfh NrUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;xH ay;yk&Yd &Sad omaMumifh trdecYf srw S o f nfh
jypfr-I 102ykpH u H dk vufc&H &So d nft h cg u'fa&;zGi&hf ygrnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1657)
jypfrI 102 ykpH t H aMumif;
þykpH u H dk &Jvufp'JG w k , d wGJ 1630? 1637wGif az:jyxm;aom jypfrrI sm;ESit hf aMumif;vkH avmufpmG
rouFmvQif aemufq;Hk trIwaJG y;ykaYd omtcg aemufq;Hk trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf;wGif þykpH u H dk yl;wGí J NrKUd e,f
&JwyfzUG rJ LS ;xHay;yd&Yk ygrnf/NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUG rJ LS ;u avhvmMunf&h NI y;D rouFmonfh taMumif;t&if;ukd jypfrI
102ykpH aH y:wGif a&;om;Ny;D oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;okYd pmcsyzf iG fh okrYd [kwf tw¬Kyw Ü pdå mcsyzf iG v fh pS Nf y;D okrYd [kwf
jypfrqI idk &f musix hf ;Hk 100t& w&m;pGq J o dk ifo h nf[x k ifjrif ,lqvQif c&kid &f w J yfzUGJ rSL;xHrw S qifh wkid ;f
&JwyfzUJG rSL;xHoYdk qufvufwifjy&rnf/rouFm&ef&o dS rl sm; rSm rdrcd &kid o f rYdk [kwf c&kid jf yifywGif &So d nfh
&Jpcef;rsm;rSjzpfvQif rouFm&ef&Sdol^rouFm&ef&Sdolrsm; aexkdifonfht&yfrsm;ukd ykdifqkdifonfh
&Jpcef;rSL;rsm;xHoYdk ay;yk&Yd rnf/
a&;zGi&hf onfh tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyrf sm;
(u) tjypfuspmcsyrf sm;/ owfrSwfxm;aomjypfrIrsm;aMumifh jypfrIcsrSwfjcif;cH&aom
vlq;dk rsm;/
(c ) rouFmpmcsyrf sm;/ Bu;D av;aom jypfrw I pfcsKUd u
I dk usL;vGeaf eol[k rouFm&So d rl sm;/
uwfpmcsyrf sm;ukd rnfonft h cg y,fzsuo f enf; (&Jp'JG k - 1628)(u)
vlq;dk rmwdumpmcsyrf sm;ukd atmufygtaMumif;rsm;jzifh nDñw G of nft h cg zsuq f ;D Ekid yf gonf-
(1) vlq;dk aoqk;H aomtcg?
(2) vlq;dk onftouf(60)&So d nft h cg NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;u vlq;dk onf rqk;d oGr;f awmhaMumif;
rSw, f ol nft h cg?
(3) vlq;dk onf use;f rmoefprG ;f jcif;csKUd iJí h ab;tEå&m,frjyKEidk af wmhaMumif; NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;
u trdeUf csrw S of nft h cg?
(4) pkaH xmufvufpt JG wGJ (1)tyk'd (f 273)t& vlq;kd \vufypHk H zsuq f ;D onft h cg?
(5) vlq;dk \jypf c suf ( ok d Y ) ouF m ruif ; jcif;(3)Burd f (od)Yk (3)Burd x f ufyNdk y;D cH&zl;í xku d o hJ Ydk
tjypfc&H jcif;twGuf aemufq;Hk axmifrv S w G of nfrmS (10)ESp&f o dS nft h cg (ok)Yd aemufq;Hk
rouFmjcif;rS (10)ESp&f o dS nft h cg?
pmcsyrf sm;ukd rnfonft h cg oD;jcm;aowåmwGif xm;&S&d rnfenf; (&Jp'JG k - 1628)(c)
(1) rouFmjcif;jzpfap? jypfcsufcH&jcif;jzpfap (2)Budrx f uf rykad omolrsm;twGuf aemuf
qk;H rouFmjcif;rSm (7)ESpMf umjrihcf o hJ ?l
(2) yxrtBurd f rouFmjcif;cH&Ny;D aemuf axmif'Pftjypfc&H olonf axmifrv S w G Nf y;D (7)ESpf
&Sod nft h cg?
(3) jypf'Pfusc&H jcif; (2)Burd x f ufyo dk l rnforl qkd axmifrv S w G v f mjcif;rSm (7)ESp&f cdS o hJ ?l
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
113
axmifusvq l ;dk rsm;\pmcsyrf sm;ukd b,fvx dk m;&S&d rnfenf; (&Jp'JG k - 1639)(*)
axmiftwGif;&Sd vlqkd;rsm;\pmcsyfrsm;ukd pmcsyfrsm;xdef;onfh oHrPdaowåmtwGif; oD;oefY
xm;aom tHqGJwpfckjzifhxnfhxm;&ygrnf/tjypfusolonf axmifrS vGwfvmonfhtcg omref
vlq;dk rsm;\pmcsyEf iS t
hf wl jyefvnfí a&maESmxm;&S&d ygrnf/
rSwcf su/f /wyfMuyfBu;D pma&;onf tjypfusvq l ;dk rsm;\pmcsyrf sm;ukd rMumcPppfaq;Munf&h NI y;D
axmifrS vGwcf sed w
f efonfh vlq;dk rsm;? rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrokYd jyefvnfa&muf^ra&muf&pJ cef;
e,fxed ;f tzGUJ tm; pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef owif;ay; aqmif&u G &f rnf/
vlq;kd tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyrf sm; (jypfrI 103-u)pmcsyu f rdk nfuo hJ aYdk &;oGi;f &rnfenf;
(&Jvufp'JG w k , d wGt J yk'd f 1639)(u)
trnf? tjcm;trnf? tbtrnf? trdtrnf? touf? (arG;ouú&mZf)? vlrsK;d ^bmom? arG;&m
Zmwd? vdif? rSwfykHwiftrSwf? ,ckae&yf? tvkyftukdif? jypfrIpwifusL;vGefonfhae&m? &Jpcef;^
NrKUd e,f^c&kid ?f usL;vGecf o hJ nfyh 'k rf ? vlyo Hk @mef? rsuEf mS yko H @mef? xif&mS ;aomtrSwf tom;? aq;rif
aMumif? tom;ta&mif? qHyif? a&SUrsuEf mS ykpH \ H ,mbufxyd w f iG f vlq;dk trsK;d tpm; cGjJ cm;onfh ta&mif
ESiphf mcsytf rSwf (uGeyf sLwm)ESiq hf ufpyftok;H jyKEidk af &;twGuf &efuek w f idk ;f &JwyfzUJG rS "g;jyrIusL;vGeaf om
vlq;dk jzpfvQif pmcsyt f rSwu f dk &efuek w
f idk ;f &JwyfzUJG (00006)eD[k a&;om;az:jy&rnf/"gwfyu Hk dk ab;wkud yf ?Hk
a&SUwnfw h nfyh EHk pS rf sK;d pvk;H az:jy&rnf/"gwfy\ Hk atmufü vufypHk (H 10)acsmif; vufr? vufñ;dS ? vufc
v,f? vufo<u,f? vufoef; vSdrfhESdyfykHpHjzifh vufaAGrsm; ay:vGifxif&Sm;atmif pepfwus &,lí
az:jyxm;&rnf/
jypfru
I sL;vGe&f mwGif xl;jcm;pGm usL;vGejf cif;rsm; (&Jp'JG k - 1639)(q)
(1) vlq;kd tquftoG,?f pmcsyt f rSwyf g az:jy&ef?
(2) jypfrrI nfuo hJ Ydk pkpH rf;ay:aygufvmyk?H
(3) ck;d &mygypön;f rnfuo hJ Ydk xkcyJG ?Hk
(4) aus;&GmvlBu;D rsm;ESiq hf ufo, G rf I &S^d r&S/d
pmcsyt
f a&mifowfrw S cf surf sm; (&Jvufp'JG w k ,
d wGtJ yk'd f 1640)
,cifvufaAGvlqdk;tm; tpdrf;a&mifjzifhowfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; ,cktcg vlqkd;wkdif;tm;
vufaAG&,l&ef jrefrmEkid if &H w
J yfzUJG XmecsKy\
f 7-2-97&ufpyJG gpmtrSw?f 102-e&c^2 OD; 1jzifh ta&mif
owfrw S cf suu
f dk atmufygtwkid ;f jyifqifowfrw S Nf y;D jzpfygonf -
(u) teDa&mif "g;jyrI?"g;jyvlowfr?I "g;jyrk'rd ;f vlowfr?I þuJo h aYdk omvlxt
k wGut f Eå&m,f
tEå&m,f&adS om tw¬Kyw Ü v då q
l ;dk rsm;ukv
d nf; teDa&miftuGux f J wGif (H.S)
[kaz:jy&rnf/
uefo
Y wf
uefo Y wf
114
( c) tjyma&mif/ ck;d ?qk;d ?vk?EIu d jf ypfrrI sm;? yk'rf -382tygt0if
(*) t0ga&mif/ azmufxiG ;f rIrsm;
(C) tñkad &mif/ wd&pämefc;dk rIrsm;
(i) teufa&mif/ ck;d &mygypön;f vufco H rl sm;
(p) vdar®maf &mif/ qefu Y sib f ufEkdifiHa&;ygwDwiG f vuf&jdS zpfNy;D ,cifutusifhpm&dwEå iS hf
ywfoufaom jypfcsuaf [mif;&So d l
(q) tjzLa&mif/ c&kid w f yfzUJG rSL;rS rouFmpmcsyzf iG x hf m;olrsm; (]]c}}pm&if;0ifvlqkd;)
(Z) tpdr;f a&mif/ jypfrq I idk &f mOya'yk'rf 420? 466? 468ESiv hf rd v
f nfr?I tusiphf m&dwaå zmuf
zsuaf om rk'rd ;f rI? vlowfrEI iS t hf jcm;trIrsm;
ausmbufykdif;
usL;vGeaf om jypfrt I avhtxrsm;
Oyrm/ a&,mOfrsm;ay:wufí vk,ufwwfonf/b&dw'f g;rsm;ok;H í tdwcf í JG EIu
d wf wfonf ponfh
usL;vGeyf Hk usL;vGeef nf;rsm;ukd az:jy&rnf/
jynfph aHk om tjcm;tcsurf sm;
wpfO;D wnf;vIy&f mS ;wwfonf(ok)Yd tjcm;olrsm;ESiyhf ;l aygif;í vk,ufwwfonf/4if;ESihf cifrif aom
rdwaf qGrsm;rSm armifjzL? ae&yfvyd pf m? armife?D ae&yfvyd pf m ponf4h if;\taMumif; ukad jc&mcH Ekid o f nfh
ywfoufEidk o f rl sm; rde;f uav;rdwaf qGrsm; 4if;tm;uk;d ,kMH unfaom &[ef;? oHCm? bke;f Bu;D ausmif;rsm;
ponft h jyif &So d nft h rIrsm;ESiyhf wfoufí aeYp?JG trItrSw?f ppfaq;onf&h ;Hk trnf? ppfaq; onfah e&m?
Oya'yk'fr? trIjzpfyGm;onfhae&m? &Jpcef;? c&kdkif? yxrowif; ay;csuf? pD&ifcsuf? uscHonfh axmif?
axmifrv S wG o f nf&h ufwyYdk g0ifaom Z,m;uGujf zifh az:jy&rnf/
tw¬Kyw Ü då rSww f rf;0ifzidk t f rSwf
(1) aeYpJG (tjypfusc&H vQif tjypfusonfah eY? rouFmvQif trIjzpfymG ;onfah eU)
(2) trItrSwf
(3) ppfaq;onf&h ;Hk trnf
(4) ppfaq;onfah e&m
(5) Oya'yk'rf
(6) trIjzpfymG ;onfah e&m
(7) &Jpcef;
(8) c&kid f
(9) yxrowif;ay;csuf
(10) pD&ifcsu^f w&m;&k;H \aemufq;H k qk;H jzwfcsu(f tpk;d &oufaojzpfvQif ]]tpk;d &oufao}}[k
rifejD zifah &;om;&rnf/
(11) usco H nfah xmif
uefo Y wf
uefo
Y wf
115
(12) axmifrv S w G o f nf&h uf
Oyrm/ axmifrv S w
G rf nf&h ufudk wpfEpS v f Qif wpfvavsmNh y;D cJEiS ahf &;om;&rnf/
axmifrv S w T af omtcg vTwo f nf&h ufudk rifejD zifah &;om;&rnf/ axmif'Pfusco H nfh
&ufrukeq f ;Hk rD jypfrqI idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf 401t&vTwcf v hJ Qif þZ,m;uGuw f iG f (usihf
401^1-1-89)[k az:jya&;om;&rnf/
rouFmuwfa&;zGiv hf Qif Z,m;uGu(f 2)(3)(4)wku Yd dk jzwfí rouFm[k a&;oGi;f &rnf/ xku d o hJ Ydk
rouFm&onft h aMumif;ukd atmufwiG f tusO;f csKyaf &;om;az:jy&rnf/&mZ0ifvq l ;dk a&;zGiNhf y;D jzpfygu
vlq;dk twGuf pmcsyw f iG f rouFmaMumif; a&;zGi&hf efrvkad wmhyg/tb,faMumifq h adk omf 4if;&mZ0ifwiG f
tjynft h pkaH z:jyNy;D jzpfygonf/(&Jp'JG k - 1639)(c)
tjypfusw&m;cHudk t&l;axmifoyYdk t Ydk yfNy;D aMumif; oufqidk &f maxmift&m&Sx d rH S taMumif;Mum;
pm&&SdvQif pmcsyfESifhv,f*smrSwfcsufZ,m;wGif a&;oGif;&rnf/tu,fí vlqkd;onf aemufxyf
tjypfusvQif 4if;vlq;dk tm; ,cift&l;axmifoYdk ykt Yd yfjcif;cH&bl;aMumif; axmift&m&Sx d H taMumif;Mum;
&rnf/tu,fí &mZ0if(ok)Yd tw¬Kyw Ü v då q l ;dk jzpfcv hJ Qif þzkid w f w JG iG f a&;oGi;f xm; &rnf/(&Jp'JG k - 1636)
uwfpmcsyv f q l ;dk ajymif;a&TUaexkid jf cif; (&Jp'JG k - 1643)
uwfpmcsyv f ql ;dk onf tNraJ jymif;a&TUaexkid rf o S mvQif ajymif;a&TUonft h &yf&&dS pJ cef;u 4if;\
v,f*smwGif trSwpf Ofwyfay;&rnf/,if;aexkid jf cif; &S^d r&Sd rod&rdS D vlq;dk aexkid o f nfh &Jpcef;rSay;ykaYd om
pmcsyrf w d Lå t& v,f*smwGif a&;oGi;f &rnf/okaYd omf trSwpf Of ray;bJ tNraJ exkid rf o S mvQif trSwpf Of
a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
&mZ0ifvlqkd;wkdif;tm; uwfpmcsyfzGifhNyD;jzpf&rnf/okdYaomf uwfpmcsyf0if vlqkd;wkdif;onf
&mZ0ifvq l ;dk rjzpfEidk yf g/ (&JpGJ'k - 1645)
pmcsyt f rSwu f dk wkid cf supf mtkyf rSwyf w Hk if (20)wGif a&;oGi;f jcif; (&Jp'JG k - 1632)
pmcsyzf iG Nhf y;D aom pmcsyt f rSwu f dk wkid cf supf mtkyf rSwyf w Hk if (20)rl&if;cG?J Z,m;uGuf trSw(f 5)wGif
a&;oGi;f &ygrnf/
Oyrm
Oyrm/ 36-3^11[k a&;om;az:jyxm;vQif vlq;dk tm; pmcsyzf iG Nhfy;D aMumif; pmrsuEf mS (11)tpOf? tpOf(3)
wGif a&;oGi;f Ny;D aMumif; 4if;\pmcsyt f rSwrf mS 3^11jzpfaMumif; od&EdS idk yf gonf/
aus;&Gmtkypf o k wif;ay;pmcsyf (&Jp'JG k - 1630)(u)
tokH;jyKaom ykHpHrSm &mZ0wf 103(Z)ykHpHjzpfygonf/aus;&Gmwkdif;wGif tvGwfwpfcsyfpD
a&;zGi&hf rnf/aus;&Gmtkypf w k pfct k wGuf wGí J xm;&S&d rnf/a&;oGi;f &efwm0efrmS oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;rSL;\
wm0efomjzpfygonf/
tok;H 0ifyHk
&Jpcef;okYd ajymif;a&TUa&muf&v dS monfh t&m&So d pfrsm;ESiphf cef;rSL;wko Yd nf þpmcsyrf sm;ukd zwf&I
avhvmjcif;tm;jzifh &Jpcef;e,fajr\tajctaetaMumif;ukd BuKdwifod&SdEkdifygonf/trIppft&m&Sd
rsm;onf trIjzpfymG ;onfah us;&Gmrsm;oko Yd mG ;a&mufjcif;rjyKrD ,kMH unfxu dk o
f ?l r,kMH unfxu dk o
f El iS hf xk&d mG rS
uefo Y wf
uefoY wf
116
vlq;kd rsm;onf rnfonfjh ypfrrI sK;d rsm;ukd usL;vGew
f wfaMumif; BuKw
d ifí avhvm od&EdS idk yf gonf/
tw¬Kyw Ü (då &mZ0if)vlq;dk taMumif; (&Jp'JG k - 1645)

tok;H jyKaomykpH rH sm;
(1) jypfrI 103-*^&mZ0wfzidk t f zk;H
(2) jypfrI 103-C^&mZ0wf rlvtw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0iftykid f (1)
(3) jypfrI 103-i^&mZ0wf ta&;Bu;D aom rSwo f m;csurf sm; tykid ;f (2)
(4) jypfrI 103-p^&mZ0wf vuf&jdS zpfymG ;rI rSww f rf;rsm; tykid ;f (3)
(5) jypfrI 103-q^&mZ0wf trdepYf mrsm; tykid ;f (4)
(6) vlqd k ; ES i f h y wf o ufaom pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm; tykid ;f (5)? tykid ;f (3) (4) (5)wGif &Sad om
pm&Gurf sm;ukd tvkrd &So d nfhtcg NrKdUe,f & J w yf z GJUrSL;xuf &mxl;ri,fonfh t&m&Su d
wpfEpS Mf umvQif zsuq f ;D Ekid yf gonf/
tw¬Kyw Ü (då &mZ0if)zGi&fh ef rnfou l trdeaYf y;Ekid o f enf;
jynfe,f^wkdif;&JwyfzGJUrSL;ESifhNrKdUe,f&JwyfzGJUrSL;wkdY\trdefY&&SdrSom tw¬KyÜwåd&mZ0if a&;zGifh
Ekid yf gonf/
rSwo f m;&ef/ &mZ0ifziG o hf nft
h cg trdet Yf rSwEf iS ahf eYpw
JG u
Ydk dk rlvtw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0if\trSwpf Of(7)wGif
az:jyNy;D tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifyw d o
f nfth cgwGif trdet Yf rSwEf iS ahf eYpw
JG Udk ukd az:jy&ef ta&;Bu;D
ygonf/
rnfonfv h q l ;dk twGuf tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0if a&;zGirhf nfenf;

BuD;av;aom &mZ0wfjypfrIrsm; usL;vGefwwfonfholtm;vkH;wkdYtwGuf tw¬KyÜwåd&mZ0if
a&;zGifhxm;&rnf/jypfrIusL;vGefolwpfa,mufonf "g;jyrI? vk,ufrI? tdrfazmufxGif;rI? tNrJojzifh
ckd;&mygypönf;rsm;ukd vufcHrIrsm;uJhokdYaom tvGefqkd;oGrf;onfhjypfrIrsm;ukd usL;vGefcJhí jypf'Pf
usc&H aomoltwGuf tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifziG &hf ef taMumif;vkaH vmufygonf/tNrcJ ;dk qk;d olrsm;tm; ulnD
tm;ay;olrsm;twGuv f nf; jypf'Pfusc&H jcif; r&Sad omfvnf; &mZ0ifziG x hf m;&rnf/
Oyrm
Oyrm/ vlwpfa,mufonf ck;d &mygypön;f ukd tNrv J ufcaH Mumif;ESiphf epfwususL;vGew f wfonfh wd&pämef
ck;d rIwiG f yg0ifonf[k taMumif;vkaH vmufpmG ESihf rouFmzG,&f v Sd Qif &mZ0ifziG Ehf idk yf gonf/
tw¬Kyw
Ü &då mZ0ifrsm;ukd rnfonft h cg rnforl sm;u &yfpEJ idk o f enf;(&Jp'JG k - 1652)
(u) tw¬Kyw Ü adå &;om;csurf sm;ukd c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;ESiNhf rKUd e,f&w
J yfzUJG rSL;wku
Yd wwfEidk o f rQ rMum
cPaocsmpGm Munf&h pI pfaq;&rnf/
(c) tw¬Kyw Ü w då idk ;f ukd zGiNhf y;D onfah eYrpS í (3)ESpu f sa&mufonht f cg c&kid &f wJ yfzUJG rSL;u aocsm
Munf&h pI pfaq;&rnf/
uefo Y wf
uefo Y wf
117
(*) þokpYd pfaq;onft h cg tw¬Kyw Ü pdå mcsy&f yfpo J ifah Mumif; (ok)Yd r&yfpo J ifah Mumif; trdecYf s
rSw&f rnf/
(C) trdecYf srw S cf suu f dk 103-q trdepYf mrsm;tykid ;f wGif a&;om;az:jy&rnf/
(i) c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;\trdet Yf &omvQif &yfp&J onf/
&yfp&J ef taMumif;rsm;rSm
(u) vlq;dk aoqk;H onft h cg
(c) e,fxed ;f tzGUJ rS apmifMh unf&h ef rvk[ d k xifjrifonft h cg
( *) tjcm;jynfe,fEiS w hf idk ;f wkYd tNraJ jymif;a&TUaexkid o f mG ;onft h cg
rSwcf su/f tw¬Kyw Ü &då yfpx
J m;aom vlq;dk wk\ Yd zkid w
f rJG sm;ukd &Jpcef;\vQKUd 0Suaf om
pmwrf;rsm;xm;onfb h 'D w
dk iG f zkid Bf u;D wpfczk iG x hf m;í 4if;pm&if;ukd rmwd
uma&;oGi;f Ny;D xm;&d&S rnf/ (&JpGJ'k - 1648)
tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifvq l ;dk ajymif;a&TUaexkid jf cif;(&Jp'JG k - 1651)
tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifvq l ;dk onf tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f okYd ajymif;a&TUaexkid v f Qif 4if;vlq;dk \
tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyyf g yxrvTaJ jymif;ay;yk&Yd rnf/oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;rS xkv d q l ;dk onf tNraJ exkid rf nf
jzpfaMumif; 0efccH suf &&Srd o S m tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifzidk u f dk vTaJ jymif;ay;yk&Yd rnf/
tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifziG x hf m;cH&ol vlq;dk wpfO;D OD;onf rlv&Jpcef;rS tjcm;eD;pyf&m &Jpcef;e,fajrrsm;
twGi;f okYd ajymif;a&TUvSnv hf nfaexkid v f Qif 4if;vlq;dk \tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0iftykid ;f (1) (2)wku Yd dk rdwLå a&;ul;í
4if;vlq;dk vSnv hf nfomG ;vmaom &Jpcef;rsm;okYd ay;yk&Yd ef NrKUd e,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;rS trdecYf srw S &f rnf/odrYk o S m
vlq;dk \owif;xl;jcm;csurf sm;ukd &Jpcef;rsm;rS apmifMh uyfMunf&h o I wif;zvS,af y;ykjYd cif;tm;jzifh vlq;dk \
vIyf&Sm;rIukd od&SdEkdifayrnf/(&JpGJ'k - 1622) vlqkd;wpfa,muftm; &mZ0ifzGifhcJhaom &Jpcef;rSL;onf
e,fxed ;f tzGUJ wm0efct H m; ajymMum;&rnf/oufqidk &f maus;&GmvlBu;D rsm;tm; taMumif;Mum;&efEiS o hf uf
qkid &f m&Jvufrw S x f ;dk pmtkyf (jypfrI -78)wGif a&;oGi;f &mrSm e,fxed ;f tzGUJ acgif;aqmif\wm0efom jzpfyg
onf/

tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifvq l ;dk wpfa,mufonf 4if;\ae&yfrS tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajrokYd xGucf mG oGm;onfudk
odvQio f cd si;f (jypfrI 35^&J 67)ykpH u H dk rSicf pH uúLjzifh (2)apmifa&;oGi;f Ny;D oufqidk &f m&Jpcef;rSL;xHoYdk ay;ykYd
&rnf/
tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0ifvq l ;dk ESiyhf wfoufí jypfrI 35^&J 67ykpH H &&So d nf&h pJ cef;rSL;onf &&Sad Mumif;ukd
rl&if;ykpH yH g ajypmjzwfyidk ;f wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d &ufpw JG yfí jyefvnfay;yk&Yd rnf/rdwLå ykpH u
H dk &Jpcef;wGif
puúLvGww f pfcsyEf iS zhf idk w
f jJG yKvyk x f m;í xkv d q
l ;dk ESiyhf wfoufaom aqmif&u G cf suo
f wif;pum;rsm;ukd
rSwfom;xm;&rnf/vlqkd;ukd awGUqkHar;jref;&mwGif (6)vxufavsmhenf;í 4if;aexkdif&ma'oü
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
118
qufvufaexkid &f ef Bu&H , G af Mumif;od&&dS vQif rlvtykid &f pJ cef;rSL;xH taMumif;Mum;í rdru d qufvuf
Munf&h &I ygrnf/
4if;vlq;dk onf 4if;\ae&yfoYdk jyefaomtcg rl&if;ykpH H jypfrI 35^&J 67ykpH aH usmbufwiG f 4if;aexkid f
pOfumvtwGi;f pkpH rf;od&&dS aom owif;rsK;d pku H dk a&;om;Ny;D rlv&Jpcef;okYd ykaYd y;&rnf/
4if;vlq;dk onf rlvae&yfoYdk rjyefbJ tjcm;&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f okYd ajymif;a&TUoGm;ygu jypfrI
35^&J 67 ykpH u H dk 4if;vlq;dk a&TUoGm;onfh &Jpcef;rSL;xH ykaYd y;&rnf/xko d yYdk x
Ydk m;aMumif; rlv&Jpcef;rSL;xH
pmjzifh taMumif;Mum;&ygrnf/
&Jvufp'JG w k ,
d wGt J yk'd f 1626
&mZ0ifvq l ;dk ajymif;a&TUoGm;aom ae&yfwiG f (6)vxufausmv f eG í f aexkid yf gu oufqidk &f m
&Jpcef;u rlv&Jpcef;rS 4if;vlq;dk \tw¬Kyw Ü pdå mcsyEf iS rhf mwdumpmcsyrf sm;ukd awmif;í 4if;vlq;dk ukd apmifh
MuyfMunf&h &I ygrnf/
&Jvufp'JG w k ,
d wGt J yk'd f 1627
&mZ0ifvlqkd;wpfa,mufonf rnfonfht&yfokdY oGm;aMumif; pkHprf;&ef r&&Sdonfhtcg 4if;\
yko
H @mefEiS t hf aMumif;t&m tvk;H pkw H uYdk dk (jypfrI 28)ykpH w H iG f a&;oGi;f Ny;D 4if;ykpH x H yd w
f iG f tw¬Kyw
Ü v
då q
l ;dk
[lí az:jyNy;D c&kid &f w J yfzUJG rSL;xH 4if;\vufypHk w H iG f tvHwyfí ay;yk&Yd ygrnf/
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyt f m; xde;f odr;f &rnhu f mv
þrSwyf w Hk ifpmtkyu f dk &Jpcef;wGif tNrx J ed ;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnf/zsuq f ;D jcif;rjyK&/
rSwfykHwif (37)
&Jpcef;rSL;\ tESpfcsKyfrSwfwrf;
(&JvufpGJ 'kw, d wJG 1654^1655)
1/ pcef;rSL;ESpcf sKyrf w S w f rf;\ &Jpcef;rSL;\ tkycf sKyaf &;ESifh &Jvyk if ef;? pnf;½k;H a&; vkyif ef; rsm;tay:
wpfEpS pf moH;k oyfcsuyf ifjzpfonf/&Jpcef;rSL;ud, k w
f ikd jf yKp&k Ny;D vHNk cKH pmG xde;f odr;f xm;&onf/ukeq f ;kH cJah om
jyu©'defESpftwGuf ESpfpOfZefe0g&DvrukefrD NyD;pD;atmifjyKpk a&;om;&onf/ESpfcsKyfrSwfwrf;tm;
NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUJG rSL; ? c½dik &f w
J yfzUJG rSL;ESifh jynfe,f^wdik ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;wdx Yk H wifjy&onf/
tqdyk grSww f rf;onf pcef;rSL;\ ta&;Bu;D aom rSww f rf;jzpfNy;D *½kwpdu k af vhvmjcif;jzihf qufvuf
aqmif&u G &f ef tpDtrHrsm;csrw S Ef ikd rf nf jzpfygonf/(&Jp'JG k - 1654)
ESpfpOf Zefe0g&DvtwGif; &Jpcef;rSL;onf ukefqkH;cJhaomESpftwGuf rdrd&Jpcef;taMumif;ukd
atmufygacgif;pOfi,frsm;tvku d f jynfph pHk mG a&;oGi;f í pm&Gurf sm;ukd rSwyf w Hk if (37)? &Jpcef;ESpcf sKyrf wS w f rf;
wGif zkid w
f &JG rnf/(&Jp'JG k - 1655)
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
119
a&;oGi;f &jcif;\ &nf½, G cf suf
2/ &Jpcef;rSL;ESpcf sKyrf w
S wf rf;udk &JvufpyJG g jy|mef;csuEf iS t
fh nD rSeu
f efpmG a&;oGi;f wwfapa&;ESifh
&Jvyk if ef;rsm;udk oH;k oyfaqmif&u G Ef ikd af p&ef/
&Jpcef;rSL;ESpcf sKyrf w
S w
f rf;wGif yg0ifaomtydik ;f rsm;
3/ atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf -
(u) tydik ;f (1)/ rIcif;ydik ;f /
( c ) tydik ;f (2)/ Edik if aH &;? pnf;½k;H a&;? tkycf sKyaf &;/
( * ) tydik ;f (3)/ taxGaxG/
tydik ;f (1)/ rIcif;ydik ;f wGiyf g0ifaomtcsut f vufrsm;

4/ atmufazmfjyygtcsut f vufrsm;udk a&;om;&ygrnf -
(u) trIBu;D (10)rsKd ;
(1) trIBu;D (10) rsKd ;tajctae/
(2) wd;k íjzpfay:vmaom taMumif;&if;rsm;/
(3) avsmí h jzpfay:vmaom taMumif;tcsurf sm;/
(4) vmrnhEf pS w f iG f jzpfay:Edik of nhf tvm;tvmrsm;/
(5) vmrnhEf pS w f iG f rIcif;avsmeh nf;usqif;a&;ESifh BuKd wifumuG,af &;tpD trHrsm;/
( c ) tjcm;trIrsm;ESifh a'otvdu k f tm½kjH yK&aomtrIrsm;
(1) tjcm;trIrsm;/
(2) BuKd wifumuG,rf rI sm;/
(3) a'otvdu k t f m½kjH yK&aomtrIrsm;/
( * ) rIcif;jzpfymG ;wwfaom &yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmrsm;
(1) trIBu;D rsm;/
(2) tjcm;trI (7)rsKd ;/
(C) jypfru I sL;vGewf wfol vlq;kd rsm;pm&if;
(1) 0dik ;f zGUJ usL;vGew f wforl sm;/
(2) pkzUJG usL;vGew f wforl sm;/
(3) rdrt d ydik rf S vlq;kd rsm;/
(4) tjcm;&Jpcef;tydik ef ,fajrrSvq l ;kd rsm;/
( i ) 'kp½du k rf rI sm;
(1) rl;,pfaq;0g;usL;vGew f wforl sm;/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
120
(2) avmif;upm;rIusL;vGeo f rl sm;/
(3) jynhw f efqmvkyif ef;/
(4) vufeufyek ;f rsm;/
(p) vwfwavmazmfxw k t
f a&;,loiho f rl sm;
(1) w&m;cHajy;ESifh &Jbufajy;rsm;/
(2) ppfajy;ESifh &Jajy;rsm;/
(3) BuKd wifumuG,rf t I pDtrHjzihf ta&;,loiho f rl sm; (jypfru I sL;vGeo
f rl sm;)/
(4) BuKd wifumuG,rf t I pDtrHjzihf ta&;,loiho f rl sm; ('kp½du k o f rm;rsm;)/
(q) &JwyfzUJG tay:tultnDay;olrsm;
(1) &Jpcef;wGix f m;&Sad om jypfr-I 103 (Z) yHpk yH g a&;oGi;f csuu f kd tajccH a&;om;&ef/
(2) &yfuGufâus;&Gmrsm;wGif &JwyfzGJUudk enf;rsdK;pHkjzihf ulnDol? owif; ay;ol?
&JwyfzUJG tm; MunfnKd orl sm;udk &yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmtvdu k f vdypf mazmfjy&ef/
tydik ;f (2)/ Edik if aH &;? pnf;½k;H a&;ESifh tkycf sKyaf &;wGif yg0ifaomtcsut f vufrsm;
5/ atmufazmfjyygtcsut f vufrsm;udk a&;om;&ygrnf -
(u) Edik if aH &;
(1) ajray:ajratmuftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESifh vIy&f mS ;rItajctae
(vuf&t dS aeudak &;om;azmfjy&ef)/
(2) tjcm;vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;
(Edik if aH &;vIy&f mS ;rIEiS fh qufE, G u
f m toGiaf qmifvmaom vlraI &;? bmoma&;?
toif;tzGUJ )/
(3) BuKd wifumuG,rf t I pDtrHjzihf ta&;,loiho f rl sm;
('kp½du k o f rm;rsm;)/
( c ) pnf;½k;H a&;
(1) wyfwiG ;f pnf;½k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm;/
(2) wyfjyifpnf;½k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm;/
( * ) tkycf sKyaf &;
(1) rSwyf w kH ifrsm;jyKpx k ed ;f odr;f rItajctae/
(2) &Jpcef;taqmuftOD;rsm;xde;f odr;f rItajctae/
(3) vufeufc, J rf;rsm;xde;f odr;f xm;&Srd t
I ajctae/
(4) tNrw J rf;vdu k ef maqmif&u G &f rnhtf rdeEYf iS fh ñTeMf um;csurf sm;/
(5) wyfzGJU0ifrsm;pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;rI? vdkufemrI? rvdkufemrItajctaeudk
a&;om;&ef/
(C) txuftmPmydik t f zGUJ tpnf;\ ñTeMf um;csurf sm;
(1) Nrd K Ue,f t mPmyd k i f t zG J U tpnf ; rS vrf ; ñT e f r I c H , l & jcif ; ES i h f quf o G , f
aqmif&u G &f rItajctaersm;udak zmfjy&ef/
(2) tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rS umvwm0efowfrSwfxm;aomudpörsm;udk cGJjcm;
azmfjy&ef/
tydik ;f (3)/ taxGaxGyikd ;f wGif yg0ifaomtcsut f vufrsm;

6/ atmufygtcsut f vufrsm;udk a&;om;&efjzpfygonf -
(u) ,HMk unfpw d cf s&olrsm;
(1) &JwyfzUJG vkyif ef;wGif ,HMk unfpw d cf spmG qufqEH ikd o
f rl sm;udk azmfjy&ef/
(2) trnfae&yfvyd pf mtjynht f pHak &;om;&ef/
( c ) pdwrf cs&olrsm;
(1) &JwyfzUJG vkyif ef;wm0efEiS yfh wfoufí pdwrf cs&olrsm;udk azmfjy&ef/
(2) trnfae&yfvyd pf mtjynht f pHxk m;&S&d ef/
( * ) tjcm;odoiho f x
d ukd af omtcsurf sm;
(1) a&;om;&efo;D jcm;acgif;pOfryg&So d nht f aMumif;t&mrsm;udk a&;om; azmfjy&ef/
(2) vTt J yfwm0efqufco H t
l wGuf taxmuftuljzpfap&ef/
&JvufpJG 'kwd,wJGtykd'f 1655 wGif ESpfpOf Zefe0g&DvtwGif; &Jpcef;rSL;onf ukefqkH;cJhaom
ESpt
f wGuf rdr&d pJ cef;taMumif;ukd atmufyg acgif;pOfi,frsm;tvku d f jynfph pHk mG a&;oGi;f í pm&Gurf sm;ukd
rSwyf w
Hk if (37) &Jpcef;rSL; tESpcf sKyrf wS w
f rf;wGif zkid w
f &GJ rnf/
rSwcf su/f a&;om;enf;ykpH u H dk aemufqufwjGJ zifh az:jyxm;ygonf/
aemufqufwGJ
--------------------------------- NrKd Ue,f ----------------------------------------- &Jpcef;
&Jpcef;rSL;\ tESpcf sKyrf w
S w
f rf;
&Jpcef;rSwyf w
Hk if trSwf (37)
20--------------------------------ckEpS t f wGuf v--------------------------------------&Jtyk f
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jyKpo
k nf
tykid ;f (1)
1/ rIcif;
(u) trIBu;D (10) rsK;d
(1) trIBu;D (10)rsK;d tajctae 3 ESpEf idI ;f ,SOcf suu
f dk atmufygZ,m;twkid ;f az:jy&yg
rnf-
jzpfyGm;rI pJGwifrI ydwfodrf;rI vufusefrI

trI
pOf trsKd; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
ref ck cif ref cif ref cif ck
tpm; cif ck ck ref
ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf ESpf
usihf 512 t&
usihf 512 t&
usihf 512 t&
tjcm;enf;
tjcm;enf;
pkpH rf;rIqidk ;f
tjcm;enf;
pkpH rf;rIqidk ;f
qkid &f myk'rf
qkid &f myk'rf
qkid &f myk'rf
pkpH rf;rIq;fdk
(2) wd;k í jzpfymG ;vmaom taMumif;t&if;rsm;-

(uu) trItrsK;d tpm; (wpfO;D csi;f tvku d af &;&ef)
( cc ) &Si;f vif;csu^f ok;H oyfcsu^f avhvmcsurf sm;a&;&ef
(3) avsmí h jzpfymG ;aom taMumif;tcsurf sm;
(uu) trItrsK;d tpm; (wpfO;D csi;f tvku d af &;&ef)
( cc ) wyfzUGJ vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;ESi, hf OS wf aGJ vhvm ok;H oyfcsu/f
(4) vmrnfEh pS w f iG f jzpfay:Ekid o
f nfh tvm;tvmrsm;
(uu) &Jpcef;e,fajr&Sd pD;yGm;a&;^vlrIa&; ponfhtajctaersm;ukd avhvm
aom tajccHtcsurf sm;tm; t"duxm;Ny;D a&;&ef/
( cc ) BudKwifpDrHcsufrsm;ESifh ckd;qkd;olrsm;\ tajctae (vlqkd;ôlckd;rsm;\
tajctaeudk avhvmjcif;tm;jzifh &Jpcef;rSL;\ ok;H oyfcsu)f
(5) vmrnfhESpfwGif rIcif;rsm; avsmhenf;usqif;a&;ESifh BudKwifumuG,fa&;
tpDtrHrsm;
(uu) rdrd (okdY) NrdKUe,f&JwyfzJGUrSL;? tmPmykdiftxuftzJGUtpnf;wkdY\
vrf;nTerf rI sK;d jzifh jyKvyk x
f m;aom tpDtrHrsm;/ rIcif;ESrd ef if;a&;pDrcH suf
rsm;ukd tBurf;zsi;f az:jy&ef/
( cc ) NrdKUe,ftmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;ESifh tjcm;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;rS pDrHcsufcs
rSwx f m;aom rIcif;usqif;a&;ukd taxmuftuljzpfaprnfh udprö sK;d ukd
az:jy&ef/
(c) tjcm;trIrsm;ESihf a'otvku d f tm&kjH yK&aom trIrsm;

(1) tjcm;trIrsm;rSm owfrw S xf m;aom tjcm;trI (7) rsK;d jzpfonf/
(2) BuKd wifumuG,rf rI sm;rSm owfrw S xf m;onfh trI (9) rsK;d jzpfonf/
(3) a'otvku d f tm&kjH yK&aom trIrsm;wGif atmufygtrIrsm; yg0ifonf-
(uu) a&eHâ&eHxu G yf pön;f ck;d rIrsm;
( cc ) bdvyfajr^"gwfajrMoZmponfh ck;d rIrsm;
( ** ) ausmufrsu^f wGi;f xGuyf pön;f ck;d rIrsm;
(CC) opfawmxGuyf pön;f ck;d rIrsm;
( ii ) qefpyg;? qDxu G of ;D ESH ypön;f ck;d rIrsm;
( pp ) armfawmf,mOfârmfawmfqidk u f ,f cd;k rIrsm;
(*) rIcif;jzpfymG ;wwfaom &yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmrsm;

(1) trIBu;D rsm;
(uu) vlowfrI (erlemtm;jzihf )
(11) jzpfymG ;wwfaom &yfuu G af us;&Gmtrnf az:jy&ef
(22) jzpf y G m ;wwf a om umvaz:jy&ef / (aEG ? rk d ; ? aqmif ;
vtrnfrsm;jzifh az:jy&ef)
(33) jzpf y G m ;&onf h taMumif ; t&if ; (Oyrm rl ; ,pf a q;0g;?
avmif;upm;? t&uf? rdef;r? pD;yGm;a&;wpfckckaMumifh (okdY)
awmifov l ,form;rsm; vkyif ef;wpfcck k tjiif;yGm;jcif;? ajrEkuRe;f
vkMujcif;wkYd wpfcck ak Mumifh jzpf&jcif;ukd az:jy&ef)
(44) trIBu;D wpfcjk cif;tvku d f txufygtwkid ;f a&;om;az:jy&ef/
(2) tjcm;trI (9) rsK;d / trIrsm; wpfrsKd;pDukd wpfrsKd;csif;tvkduf a&;om;az:jy
&ef (ck;d ^qk;d ÊIu
d ^f vlq;dk rsm;)
(C) *kP
d ;f zJUG usL;vGew
f wfaom olrsm; (&Sv
d Qi)f
tzJUG 0ifrsm; usL;vGew

f wfaom jypfrI
pOf *kP
d ;f usupf m;&ma'o
(y)
trnf trnf vdypf m tqifh yk'rf jypf'Pf ckad tmif;&mae&m
trSwf
acgif;
aqmif
tzJUG 0if
vufcH
vuf
axmuf
cs
(i) pkzUGJ usL;vGew

f wforl sm; / *kP
d ;f tjzpf rzJUG pnf;aomfvnf; pkaygif;usL;vGew
f wf
olrsm;&Svd Qif txufygZ,m;twkid ;f jyKp&k ef/
(p) rdrt
d ykid rf v
S q
l ;dk rsm;/ txuftyk'd f (C) Z,m;twkid ;f a&;om;&ef/
(q) tjcm;tykid f &Jpcef;e,fajrrS vlq;dk rsm;/ txuf (C) Z,m;twkdif; jyKpk&ef/
(i) 'kp&ku
d rf rI sm;
(1) rl;,pfaq;0g; usL;vGewf wforl sm;
(uu) bde;f jzL
t tb usL;vGeyf ^Hk
trnf vdypf m tqift
h wef;
pOf trnf o,faqmifyHk
wifoGif; ^xkwfvkyf^ yif&if;^yifr^vufvpD m;ok;H ol
o,faqmifâ&mi;f0,f^ âemufu,G rf S
pm;ok;H ponfrsm; ygolponfrsm;
( c c ) bde;f rJ? bde;f qD? bde;f &nf? txuftyk'd f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkid ;f
a&;&ef/
(* * ) aq;ajcmuf? txuftykd'f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkdif; a&;&ef/
(CC) udkuif;? txuftykd'f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkdif; a&;&ef/
( i i ) rl;,pfaq;0g;? txuftyk'd f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkid ;f a&;&ef/
( p p) pdw<f uaq;rsm;? txuftyk'd f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkid ;f a&;&ef/
(2) avmif;upm;orm;rsm;
(uu) txuftyk'd f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkid ;f a&;&ef/
( c c ) usL;vGeyf ZHk ,m;wGif upm;'kid t f rd ?f cs'J idk t
f rd ?f upm;0kid ;f ? csx
J 'D idk jf yKvyk w
f wf
aom ae&m? tdr?f tcef;? a&,mOfrsm;? ,if;vrf;aMumif;az:jy&ef/
(* * ) Muuf w k d u f y J G r sm;? EG m ;wk d u f y J G r sm;? vS n f ; âvSNyKd iyf rGJ sm; ponfwu Ydk dk
az:jy&ef
(3) jynfw
h efqmvkyif ef;
(uu) txuftyk'd f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkid ;f jyKp&k ef/
(cc) usL;vGeyf ZHk ,m;uGuüf usupf m;&mae&mrsm; az:jy&ef/
(**) jynfw h efqmacgif ; ES i f h jynf h w ef q muk d tqif htwef;Z,m;uGuw f iG f
az:jy&ef
(4) vufeufyek ;f rsm;
(uu) txuftyk'd f (i) (1) (uu)yg Z,m;twkid ;f jyKp&k ef/
( c c ) usL;vGeyf ZHk ,m;uGuüf iSm;pm;jcif; ? xkwv f yk jf cif;? usL;vGe&f mü uk, d w f idk f
ok;H jcif;? vQKUd 0Sux f ed ;f odr;f xm;&Sjd cif; ponfjzifh az:jy&ef/
(* * ) tqifhtwef;Z,m;uGufwGif vufeuftrsKd;tpm;ESifh jynfwGif;vkyf?
Ekid if jH cm; vkyf (vufeuftppf) ponfjzifh az:jy&ef/
(p) vwfwavm az:xkwt f a&;,lorl sm;

(1) w&m;cHajy;ESihf &Jbufajy;rsm;
t t tb vdyf ,cif xGuaf jy;vmaom

rSwcf suf
pOf rnf trnf pm jypf'Pf tusO;f axmif^ &Jbufpcef;
uefo
Y wf
126
(2) ppfajy;ESihf &Jajy;rsm;
t uk,d yf idk f tqifh ajy;vmonfh wyf&if;^ rdbaqGrsK;d

trnf
pOf trSwf wyfzUGJ vdypf mrsm;
(3) BudKwifumuG,frI tpDtrHjzihf ta&;,loifhaom "g;jy? azmufxGif;? vk,uf?

wd&pämefc;kd onfh vlq;dk rsm;
t trnf jypfcsuaf [mif; rSwcf suf

vwfwavmtajctae
pOf
ajccsKyf ? usih f yk ' f r 109^110?

avmif;upm; ausmaf Zm? jynfw h efqm?
jynfw
h efqm ausmaf Zmjzihf
ta&;,loifh aMumif;
(4) BudKwifumuG,frItpDtrHjzifh ta&;,loifhaom 'kp&kduform;rsm;tm;

txuftyk'd f (33) ygtwkid ;f a&;oGi;f &ef/
(5) rdrd&Jpcef;wGif&Sd (jypfrI 103-Z)wGif a&;oGif;onfh &yfuGufâus;&Gmrsm;wGif
&JwyfzUGJ ukd enf;rsK;d pkjH zifu
h n
l o
D ?l owif;ay;ol? &JwyfzUGJ tm; BunfnKo
d rl sm;ukd
&yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmtvku d f vdypf mjynfph pHk mG az:jy&ef/
tykid ;f (2)
(1) Ekid if &H ;
(u) ajray:ajratmuftzJUG tpnf;rsm;ESihf vIy&f mS ;rItajctae?vuf&t dS ajctaeaz:jy&ef
(c) tjcm;vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;
(1) Ekid if aH &;vIy&f mS ;rIEiS q
hf ufE,
G u
f m toGiaf qmifvmaom vlraI &;? bmoma&;
toif;tzJUG vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
127
(2) &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiw hf &m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;? pnf;urf;ao0yf wnfNird af &;ukd
xdyg;zG,&f adS om udp&ö yfrsm;
(3) txufaz:jyyg vIy&f mS ;rIwiG *f &kjyK apmifMh unfo h ifo
h rl sm;
(2) pnf;&k;H a&;/ rdr&d pJ cef;tqihf &JwyfzUGJ pnf;&k;H a&;aumfrwD\ Zefe0g&Dv 1 &ufaeYrS
'DZifbmv 31 &ufaeYtxd pnf;&k;H vIy&f mS ;rI tajctaeukd az:jy&ef/
(3) tkycf sKyaf &;
(u) &Jpcef;rSwfykHwifpmtkyfrsm; jyKpkxdef;odrf;rItajctae (aqmif&Gufxm;rI
tajctae a&;&ef/)
(c) &Jcpef;taqmuftOD;rsm;tajctaeESihf rSww f rf;wifjcif;? &Jpcef;rSwyf w Hk if 18
wGif aqmufvkyfjcif; jyifqifjcif;wkdYukd &HykHaiGcGifhjyK&ef aqmif&Gufygu
jynfhpkHpGma&;oGif;&ef (ukd,fxludk,fx aqmifvkyfjyifqifjcif;udk oD;jcm;rSwf
wrf;wifxm;&ef)
(*) vufeufc, J rf;rsm; xde;f odr;f rItajctae/ jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUGJ XmecsKy\ f 11-
11-76 &ufpyGJ gpmtrSw?f 2^1âxmuf 2 (c)?3 t& aemufqufwGJ (u) (C)
(i) (p) (q) v,f*smrsm;ukd vrf;nTef csuEf iS t hf nD pepfwusa&;oGi;f aqmif&u G rf I
&S^d r&Sd a&;om;az:jy&efEiS hf vufeufc, J rf;v,f*smrsm;&Sd vufeufc, J rf;rsm;onf
ajrjyifpm&if;eSihf uku d nf rD I &S^d r&Sd pdppfNy;D az:jy&ef/
(C) tNrJwrf;vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnfh trdefYESifh nTefMum;csufrsm; (pm&if;ESifhwuG
aqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;rItajctae? aqmif&u G &f efEiS hf aqmif&u G q f tJ ajctaersm; ukd
a&;&ef)
(i) wyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;
(1) pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;rI? vkdufemrI? rvkdufemrI tajctae/ jrefrmEkdifiH
&JwyfzJGU pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&; pkH^ckHjzifh ta&;,ljcif;? tkyfcsKyfrI
tmPmt& ta&;,l j cif ; ? &J w &m;&k H ; jzif h ta&;,l c H & onf h
&J w yf z J G U 0if t rnf ? uk d , f y k d i f t rS w f ? tqif h ? jypf ' Pf r sm;uk d
a&;om;az:jy&ef/
(2) pnf ; urf ; aumi;f r G e f v k d u f e mrI r&S d b J r MumcPpnf ; urf ; ysuf í
apmifhMunfh&efvkdtyfonfh wyfzJGU0iftrnf? ukd,fykdiftrSwf? tqifh?
taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd a&;om;az:jy&ef/
(3) &JwyfzJGU0ifrsm; pnf;urf;aumi;frGefa&;twGuf aqmif&Gufay;cJhonfh
oufomacsmifcsad &; udp&ö yfrsm; a&;om;az:jy&ef/
uefo
Y wf
uefo
Y wf
128
(6) txuftmPmykid t f zJUG tpnf;rsm;
(1) NrdKUe,ftqifhtmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;rS vrf;nTefrIcH,ljcif;ESifh qufoG,f
aqmif&u G rf tI ajctae
(2) tmPmykid t f zJUG tpnf;rS umvwm0efowfrw
S x
f m;aom udprö sm;
tykid ;f (3)
(1) taxGaxG
(u) &JwyfzUGJ vkyif ef;wm0efEiS yhf ufoufí ,kMH unfpw d cf spmG qufqEH idk o f rl sm;/
(c) &JwyfzUGJ vkyif ef;wm0efEiS yhf ufoufí pdwrf cs&olrsm;
(*) tjcm;odoiho f x d u dk af om tcsut f vufrsm;
&Jpcef;rSL;\ ESpcf sKytf pD&ifcpH ma&;om;&mwGif owdjyKrw S o f m;&eftcsurf sm;
7/ atmufygtcsurf sm;udk owdjyKvu kd ef m&ygrnf -
(u) &Jpcef;rSL;onf rdrd&Jpcef;e,fajrtajctae? rIcif;jzpfyGm;rItajctaersm;tjyif
tkycf sKyaf &;tydik ;f uRr;f usiEf UHS pyfr&I adS eap&efvt kd yfygonf/
( c ) ESpcf sKyrf w S w f rf;udk &Jpcef;rSL;ud, k w f ikd f vufawGUususjyKpak &;om;&efjzpfNy;D vHNk cKH pdwcf spmG
ud,k w f ikd x f ed ;f odr;f xm;&rnf/ (1654)
( * ) ukeq f ;kH cJah om jyu©'ed Ef pS t f wGuf ESppf OfZefe0g&Dvrukerf D jyKpak &;om;&ygrnf/ (1654)
(C) &Jpcef;rSL;onf ajymif;a½TU&eftrde&Yf onht f cgjzpfap? cGi&fh uf&n S cf pH m;&onhf tcgjzpfap?
vd k t yf c J h v Qif ¤if ; aemuf q H k ; rS w f w rf ; wG i f vuf & S d a y:ayguf a eaom
tajctaetaMumif;csi;f t&mrsm;udk od&EdS ikd af p&ef xyfrjH znhpf u G af &;om; &rnf/
( i ) ES p f c sKyf r S w f w rf ; ES i h f w uG xyf r H j znh f p G u f a &;om;aom rS w f w rf ; rsm;ud k rd w å L
(3)apmifa&;om;Ny;D (2)apmifukd NrKd Ue,f&w J yfzUJG rSL;rSwpfqihf c½dik &f w J yfzUJG rSL;xH yd&Yk rnf/
(1656)
( p ) c½dik &f w J yfzUJG rSL;u Munh½f ?I avhvmí vdt k yfonf[x k if&aom xifjrifo;kH oyf csurf sm;ESihf
vmrnfhESpfwGif qufvufaqmif&Gufoihfaom tcsufrsm;udk rSwfcsufa&;om;&rnf/
(1654)
(q) rSwcf suaf &;Ny;D (1)apmifukd jynfe,f^wdik ;f &JwyfzUJG rSL;xH qufvuftpD&ifcH wifjy&Ny;D
usef (1)apmifukd c½dik &f w J yfzUJG rSL;½k;H odYk vQKd U0Suzf ikd w f iG f wGx
J m;&rnf/ (1656)
( Z ) ESpfcsKyfrSwfwrf;udk &Jpcef;rSL;udk,fwdkifxdef;odrf;xm;NyD;tjcm;oltm; vTJajymif;
ay;onht f cg tvky0f wå&m;qufvufvufcrH nho f tl m; ay;tyf&rnf/ (1656)
(ps) odaYk omf&pJ cef;rSL;u rdr\ d trIppfrsm;? t&m&Srd sm;ESifh e,fxed ;f tzGUJ \ tultnD &&S&d ef
rSww f rf;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk vdt k yfonfEiS t fh rQ today;Edik o f nf/ (1656)
uefo
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129
(n) rSwfwrf;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESihfywfoufí ppfaq;olt&m&SdBuD;rsm;u vdktyf
csurf sm;ESifh trderYf sm;csrw S ñ f eT Mf um;onht f cg vdu k ef maqmif&u G &f ygrnf/ (1654)
&Jpcef;rSL;ESpcf sKyrf w
S w f rf;a&;om;&eftwGuf tajccHonhf &Jpcef;rSww f rf;rsm;
8/ &Jpcef;rSL;ESpfcsKyfrSwfwrf;a&;om;&mwGif atmufazmfjyygrSwfwrf;rsm;tay: tajccHí
oH;k oyfa&;om;&efjzpfygonf -
(u) rSwyf w kH if (20)
(20)/ yxrowif;ay;wdik cf suEf iS fh ESpt f vdu k f jzpf^pG^J ydw^f usepf m&if;
( c ) rSwyf w kH if (29)/ jypfru I sL;vGeNf y;D xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifaeol w&m;cHajy; rSww f rf;
rsm;/
( * ) ajy;av;ajy;pm&if;/ &Jpcef;&Sd wyfajy;? &Jajy;? &Jbufajy;? w&m;cHajy; trnfpm&if;rsm;/
(C) rSwyf w kH if (33)/ e,fxed ;f rSwpf w k iG yf g0ifaom e,fxed ;f tzGUJ rS pkaqmif;xm;aom
owif; tcsut f vufrsm;/
( i ) rSwyf w kH if (36)/ vlq;kd tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsKyyf g vlq;kd rsm;pm&if;/
( p ) 103 (Z)/ aus;&Gmowif;ay;pmcsKyrf sm;/
(q) pDrcH surf sm;/ rIcif;avsmeh nf;usqif;a&;ESifh BuKd wifumuG,af &;pDrcH surf sm;/
( Z ) pnf;½k;H a&;aumfrwDtpD&ifcpH m/ pnf;½k;H a&;aumfrwD\ aqmif&u G cf surf sm;/
(ps) pHck o kH ufcsKyrf w S w f rf;/ wyfzGJU0ifrsm;tay: pHkcHkôufcsKyf? &Jw&m;½k;H jzihf
ta&;,lc&H olrsm;trnfpm&if;/
ESpcf sKyrf w
S wf rf;a&;om;jcif;rS &&SEd ikd af om tusKd ;w&m;rsm;
9/ &Jpcef;rSL;wpfOD;taejzihf ESpfcsKyfrSwfwrf;udk &JvufpGJ jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD pepfwus
a&;om;oGm;jcif;jzihf atmufygtusKd ;w&m;rsm;&&SEd ikd yf gonf -
(u) rd r d & J p cef ; e,f a jrtwG i f ; rI c if ; rsm;jzpf y G m ;rI u d k BuD ; Muyf u G y f u J E d k i f N yD ; rI c if ;
usqif;a&;tpDtrHrsm; oH;k oyfaqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;/
( c ) vlqdk;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;tay: apmihfMunhfEdkifNyD; vlqdk;xdef;csKyfrI tpDtrHrsm; csrSwf
aqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;/
( * ) 'kp½dkuform;rsm; apmihfMuyfMunhf½Ijcif;jzihf 'kp½dkufrIcif;rsm;azmfxkwf ta&;,l EdkifNyD;
rIcif;BuKd wifumuG,af &;wGif xda&mufpmG aqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;/
(C) Edik if aH &;vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;tay: apmihMf uyfMunh½f EI ikd jf cif;ESifh rdr&d pJ cef;tydik ef ,fajr twGi;f
tzsut f arSmihv f yk if ef;rsm;? qlyv l yI &f mS ;rIrsm; ray:aygufatmif xde;f odr;f umuG,Ef ikd jf cif;/
( i ) wyf w G i f ; pnf ; ½k H ; a&;vk y f i ef ; ? wyf j yif p nf ; ½k H ; a&;vk y f i ef ; rsm;ud k od & S d E d k i f N yD ;
pnf;½k;H a&;vkyif ef;udk wGiw f iG uf s,u f s,af qmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;/
( p ) &Jpcef; OD;â&;âxmuf tajctaersm;udk owdjyKí tNrw J apMuyfrwfuyG u f J Edik jf cif;/
uefo
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uefo Y wf
130
(q) wyfzUJG 0ifwpfO;D csi;f tajctaeudo k &d EdS ikd Nf y;D wyfzUJG 0ifrsm; pnf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&; tay:
oH;k oyfí MuyfrwfuyG u f EJ ikd jf cif;/
(Z) txuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tmPmydkifrsm;\ ñTefMum;csufrsm;ESihfywfoufí wduspGm
vduk ef maqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;ESifh qufo, G af qmif&u G &f rnfh tajctaersm;udk od&NdS y;D vdt k yf
ovdk pDru H yG uf EJ ikd jf cif;/
(ps) rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd ,HMk unfpw d cf s&ol? pdwrf cs&olrsm;trnfpm&if;udk od&x dS m;
jcif;jzihf wyfzUJG qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;wGif vdt k yfovdt k oH;k cs pDru
H yG u
f J aqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;/
(n) rdr&d pJ cef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd a'oEÅ&qdik &f mrsm;ESiyfh wfoufí odoiho f x
d u
kd o
f nfrsm;udk
BuKd wifo&d NdS y;D vdt k yfovdjk yifqifaqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;/
&Jpcef;rSL;\ txl;ta&;BuD;aom 0wå&m;ESpf&yf « &JpGJ('k) 1116 »

(u) jypfrrI jzpfymG ;atmifumuG,jf cif;?
( c ) owfrw S x
f m;aom jypfrrI sm;udk ay:aygufatmif pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;?
jypfru
I sL;vGeo f rl sm;udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;í zrf;qD;jcif;?
jypfruI sL;vGeo f w
l t
Ykd ay: oufaotaxmuftxm;pkaqmif;jcif;
¤if;wdt Yk m; &H;k wif w&m;pGq J jkd cif;wdYk jzpfonf/
ed*Hk;
10/ pcef;rSL;wpfO;D taejzihf &Jpcef;rSL;ESpcf sKyrf w S w f rf;udk aocsmpGmpepfwus ud, k wf ikd af &;om;&ef
txl;vdt k yfygonf/ rdru d ,
kd w
f ikd jf yKpak &;om;jcif;jzihf wyfzUJG qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;wGif tm;enf;csu?f tm;om
csurf sm;udk azmfjy&&SEd ikd rf nfjzpfonf/ pepfwusjyKpak &;om;xm;aom pcef;rSL;ESpcf sKyf rSww f rf;udk avhvm
jcif;jzihf rdru
d ,kd wf ikd o
f mru vTaJ jymif;vufcw H m0ef,&l rnhf olyg vkyif ef;wm0efrsm; aqmif&u G &f mü
xda&mufonht f axmuftulrsm;&&SEd ikd rf nfjzpfaMumif; wdu k w f eG ;f tyfygonf/
uefo
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trSmpm
&Jpcef;rSwyf w
Hk ifxed ;f odr;f &rnho
f rl sm;
1/ &Jpcef;rSL;;// rSwyf w
Hk iftrSwf (19û) (19^c)ESihf (37)ukd jyKpx
k ed ;f odr;f jcif;/
2/ trIppfrsm;
sm;// rSwfykHwiftrSwf (20) (21) (23)rS (28)txd? (31)rsm;ukd jyKpkjcif;ESihf
rSwyf w
Hk iftrSwf (22)ESihf (33)ukd jyKpx
3/ &JwyfMuyfBu;D (pma&;)/ rSwyf w Hk iftrSwf (1)rS (19)txd vnf;aumif;? rSwyf w
Hk iftrSwf (25)rS
(27)ESihf (32)wkuYd dk jyKpx
4/ e,fxed ;f tzGUJ / rSwyf kHwiftrSwf (25) (26) (26û) (26^c) (27) (27û) (27^c)
ESifh (31)rsm;ukd jyKpk j cif ; ES ifh rSwfykHwiftrSwf (1) (29) (30) (33)rS
(36)txd jyKpx k ed ;f odr;f jcif;/
rSwcf su/f &Jpcef;rSL;onf rSwyf wHk ifpmtkyrf sm;tm;vk;H twGuf t&if;cH wm0ef&o dS jl zpfonf/
uefo
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rmwdum
pOf rSwyf w
Hk iftrSwf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
25 27 aysmufq;Hk aom uR?J EGm; wd&pämefrsm;pm&if; 78 rS - xd
27 (u) rdrdNrKdUe,ftwGif;&Sd tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufqkH;onfh - rS - xd
wd&pämefrsm;pm&if; pmtkyf
27 (c) tjcm;NrKUd e,f&dS &Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufq;Hk oGm;aom wd&pämefrsm; 78 rS 79 xd
pm&if;pmtkyf
26 28 rawmfwq xdckdufaoqkH;olwkdYESifh rdrdukd,fukd rdrdowfí 79 rS 80 xd
aoolwq Ydk idk &f m zkid wf rJG sm;
27 29 w&m;cHajy;zkid f 81 rS 88 xd
28 30 pnf;urf;owfrw f m;aom tusO;f om;rsm; 88 rS 90 xd
S cf sujf zifh vTwx
zkid w
f JG
29 31 jypfcsuaf [mif;rsm; &SmazG&ef ay;yko Yd nfh vufaAGypHk H pm&if;rsm; 90 rS 91 xd
30 32 zrf;qD;&rdonf?h odr;f ,lonfh ypön;f rsm;ESihf ykid &f iS rf ay:aom 91 rS 93 xd
ypön;f rsm; rSwyf w Hk if
31 33 vlq;dk pkaH xmufrw S pf pk mtkyf 94 rS 96 xd
32 34 &Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f rS aus;&Gmrsm; rSwyf w Hk if 96 rS 97 xd
33 35 &Jpcef;e,fxed ;f tzGUJ \(7)&ufwpfywfrw S w Hk if 98 rS 101 xd
f rf; rSwyf w
34 36 vlq;dk tñTe;f rmwdumpmcsyEf iS hf aus;&Gm &mZ0wfrv I ,f*sm 102 rS 110 xd
pm&if;csKyf
35 37 &Jpcef;rSL;\ESppf Ofrw S pf k 110 rS 120 xd
rSwcf su/f &JvufpyJG g &Jpcef;rSwyf w

Hk if (11)ESihf (12)wkrYd mS zsuo
f rd ;f xm;Ny;D jzpfí oD;jcm;az:jyxm;jcif;
r&Syd g/
pOf rSwfykHwiftrSwf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm
1 1 vufeufvidk pf ifrsm;zkid w f JG 1 rS 7 xd
vufeufuidk af qmifa&;rSL;rS aumufEKS waf z:jycsuf
2 2 odr;f qnf;&rdaomvufeufrsm; rSwyf w Hk if 7 rS 9 xd
3 3 &Jpcef; ppfaq;csuzf idk f 9 rS 13 xd
4 4 t&yf&yfaeYpOfrw S w f rf; 13 rS 16 xd
4 (u) tvky0f w¬&m; cGaJ 0jcif; rSww f rf; 16 rS 18 xd
5 5 0&rf;rygbJ zrf;qD;&rdow l Ydk rSwyf w Hk if 18 rS 20 xd
6 6 tcsKyaf xmifrw S yf w Hk if 20 rS 23 xd
7 7 c&D;p&dwf rSwyf w Hk if 23 rS 29 xd
8 8 ]]bDv}f }pm&if;rsm; ppfaq;&ef rSwyf w Hk if 29 rS 30 xd
9 9 aeYpOfaiGpm&if; pmtkyf 31 rS 33 xd
10 10 t&yf&yfyaYdk iGrsm; vufc&H &Sad Mumif; ajypmzkid w f JG 33 rS 35 xd
11 13 qmMuLvmtrdeYf zkid w f rJG sm; 36 rS 43 xd
12 14 taxGaxGtrderYf sm; zkid w f JG 52 rS 53 xd
13 15 ay;pmvufczH idk w f JG 53 rS 54 xd
14 16 acsmpmay;ydjYk cif; rSwyf w Hk if 54 rS 55 xd
16 (u) NrKd UwGi;f ykYd acsmpmrsm;ay;yko Yd nfh rSwyf w Hk if 56 rS 56 xd
15 17 acsmpmay;yko Yd nfh wHqyd af cgif;ok;H rSwyf w Hk if 56 rS 57 xd
16 18 jrefrmEkid if &H w J yfzUJG rS aqmufvyk Mf unf&h x I m;&onfh taqmuf 57 rS 59 xd
tOD;rsm;zkid w f JG
17 19 vufcH&&Sdonfh ykHESdyfxkwfa0aom pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh 59 rS 60 xd
pmtkyrf sm; rSwyf w Hk if
19 (u) txl;vQKUd 0Suaf om owif;rsm;ESiq fh idk o f nfh zkid wf JG 60 rS - xd
19 (c) owif;tpD&ifcpH mrsm;ESio hf ufqidk af om vQKUd 0Suo f nfh zkid w
f JG 60 rS 61 xd
18 20 yxrowif;ay;wdik cf suf pmtkyf 61 rS 66 xd
19 21 trIaeYpOfrw S w f rf; 66 rS 69 xd
20 22 trIppHk rf;ppfaq;olt&m&Sw d pfO;D pD ppfaq;onft h rIpm&if; 70 rS 71 xd
21 23 aemufq;Hk tpD&ifccH suf rSwyf w Hk if 71 rS 73 xd
22 24 pGcJ suf rSwyf w Hk if 73 rS 75 xd
23 25 &Jta&;rykid o f nfh jypfrrI sm; rSwyf w Hk if 75 rS 76 xd
24 26 ck;d &mygypön;f rsm; rSwyf w Hk ifpm&if; 77 rS - xd
26 (u) rdrdNrKdUe,ftwGif;&Sd tjcm;&Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufqkH;onfh - rS 77 xd
ypön;f rsm; pm&if;pmtkyf
26 (c) tjcm;NrKUd e,f&dS &Jpcef;rsm;rS aysmufq;Hk aom ypön;f rsm;pm&if; 77 rS 78 xd
pmtkyf

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uefo

vufeufvidk pf ifrsm; zdik w

rSwcf su/f NrdKUe,f&wJ yfzUJG rSL;ukd,fwkd if jznfhpGufa&;oGif;&efjzpfonf/ trdew Yf iG f az:jyyg&Sdonfh

vufeufvidk pf ifuidk af qmifciG jfhyKaom aoewftrsK;d tpm;

vufaqmifaoewfrsm; ((Gift Guns)ES

þrSwyf w Hk ifxm;&S&d jcif;\ &nf&, G cf suf

----------------------&Jpcef;? uif;rSL; ---------------------- ? aeYpGJ ----------------------

rSwcf su/f (u)uif;om;rsm;udEk pS af ,mufwí GJ a&SUuif;aemufuif;wm0efcsxm;&rnf/

rSwfykHwif (4) (u)

pOf w&m;cHtrnf tbtrnf jypfrI a&muf&odS nfh &Dref taMumif;t&m

1 armifvS OD;jr 379 1-1-89 15-1-89 taMumif;t&m

txufygykHpHudk (2)&Guf a&;om;NyD; aemufwpf&Gufudk tkyfcsKyfa&; 60 ykHpHjzihf a&;íwpf&Gufudk

þrSwyf wHk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnft h csed u

atmufygtwdik ;f tydik ;f (2)ydik ;f xm;&So d nf-

tyd'k cf iGJ ,f(3)wGif azmfjyxm;aom pm&if;udk atmufazmfjyyg ykpH t

(*) tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufjcif; 1989 ckEpS ?f arv 23 &uf a eY aeYpyGJ g

(16) (17) (4) (6) (7) (9) (10)

t&m&SEd iS fh t&m&Srd [kwo

tqihftwef; tNrJ w rf ; ajymif ; a&T U jcif ; acwå a jymif ; a&T U jcif ;

tdraf xmif&dS tdraf xmifrYJ &ufaygif; 30 &ufaygif; 30

rSwcf su/f (1) tNrw J rf;ajymif;a&GU&aom t&m&Srd sm;onf? rdrw d w

(4) (8) (9) (10) (34) (35) (17) (21)

&Jpcef;wGif tNrBJ uKw

jynfaxmifpqk &dk ,S v f pfor®wjrefrmEkid if aH wmf

NrKUd e,fjynfoUl &JwyfzUGJ rSL;½k;H wGif xm;&S&d rnfph m&if;rsm;

NrKUd e,f --------------------------- vufeuftrsK;d tpm; ---------------------- &oihaf om ta&twGuf -----------------

xkwf,loltrnf vufeuf xkwf,lol jyeftyfol

xkw,f ol t l rnf vufeuf xkwf,lol jyeftyfol

ypön;f trSwf ----------------------------------- vufrw

þrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&Srd nfh tcsed u

tpD&ifcHpm a&;om;&mü &JvufpJGwGif rnfodkYrnfykH a&;om;azmfjy&rnf[k wdusonfhjyXmef;

rSwfykHwif (16) (u)

&JþrSwyf w Hk iftm; xde;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnfh tcsed u

trSwf vQKdU0Sufowif;tpD&ifcHpm pmygtaMumif; pmrsufESm

þrSwyf w Hk iftm;xde;f odr;f xm;&Srd nft h csed u

rSwfykHwif (26) (c)

rSwfykHwif (27) (u)

tqdyfcwfaoqkH;jcif;? BudK;qJGcsaoqkH;jcif;? a&wGif;a&uef? jrpf? acsmif;rsm;wGif aoqkH;jcif;?

vufaAGvq l ;dk rsm;taMumif;

(62)ykpH H a&;oGi;f enf;

tcsed Mf umjrihjf cif; &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;&ef jzpfygonf/

(tok;H jyKaomykpH H jypfrI 100)

rnfonfph nf;urf;csuf pnf;urf;owfrwS cf surf sm;

401- vlq;dk qko d nfrmS -

tykid ;f tykid ;f tykid ;f

]u} c} vlqkd; r.y.w (33)

r.y.w (33) r.y.w (29)

r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w r.y.w

tw¬Kyw Ü (då &mZ0if)vlq;dk taMumif; (&Jp'JG k - 1645)

rnfonfv h q l ;dk twGuf tw¬Kyw Ü &då mZ0if a&;zGirhf nfenf;

(&Jvufp'JG w k , d wGt J yk'd f 1625)

tydik ;f (1)/ rIcif;ydik ;f wGiyf g0ifaomtcsut f vufrsm;

tydik ;f (3)/ taxGaxGyikd ;f wGif yg0ifaomtcsut f vufrsm;

jzpfyGm;rI pJGwifrI ydwfodrf;rI vufusefrI

usihf 512 t&

qkid &f myk'rf

qkid &f myk'rf

(2) wd;k í jzpfymG ;vmaom taMumif;t&if;rsm;-

(c) tjcm;trIrsm;ESihf a'otvku d f tm&kjH yK&aom trIrsm;

(*) rIcif;jzpfymG ;wwfaom &yfuu G ^f aus;&Gmrsm;

tzJUG 0ifrsm; usL;vGew

(i) pkzUGJ usL;vGew

(p) vwfwavm az:xkwt f a&;,lorl sm;