Aguilar, Janelle Ariane S.

Aguilar, Allyzha Mae

Cow’s Heart - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The cardiovascular system is the primary system for animal bodies to communicate with
one another . It comprises the heart, veins, arteries, and capillary beds. It pumps and circulate the
blood throughout the body to hydrate every organ. For food, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones,
and immune system cells must be transported via blood. Domestic animal share a similar heart
structure in general.

Heart - Morphology and Topography

Approximately 60% of the heart’s surface area is to the left of the median plane within
the mediastinum. Size variation are evident because larger animals require larger heart to make
up the necessity for a higher pumping pressure. The four-chambered heart seen in both mammals
and birds serves the same purpose. When we talk about the heart of cattle, it has a pointed apex
and is very fatty with a structure called os cordis.
 The semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) and atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves
keep keep blood flowing through the heart in one direction, and valves in major veins keep blood
flowing back toward the heart. It performs other task such as maintaining consistent body
temperature.

Parts of Cardiovascular System

External Features of the Heart
● Pericardium- serous covering of the cow’s heart
● Broad upper base and narrow pointed apex.
● Right atrial- diaphragmatic surface
● Left auricular- sternocostal surface
● Right and Left coronary arteries
● Right ventricular border (cranial)
● Grooves on the external surface- longitudinal, transverse, or coronary groove
● Left ventricular or caudal border
Internal Features of the Heart
● Right and Left atrium
● Right and Left ventricle
Superior vena cava - it transports all the blood from
cranial (superior) to the diaphragm back to the right
atrium of the heart.
Inferior vena cava - returns deoxygenated blood
from the lower body regions (legs, back, abdomen,
and pelvis) to the right atrium.
Right atrium - receives deoxygenetad blood from the
veins.
Tricuspid valve - it controls the flow of blood from
the heart's top chamber (right atrium) to the bottom
(right ventricle.
Right ventricle - it receives systemic venous return
and pump it into the pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary valve - it prevents back flow of blood
from the pulmonary artery back into the right
ventricle.
Pulmonary arteries - it carries deoxygenated blood
to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange
occurs.
Pulmonary veins - it transfers freshly oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the left atria.
Left atrium - receives oxygen-rich blood from the
lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
Left ventricle - it receives oxygenated blood from the
left atrium and pumps this blood through the aortic
semilunar valve into aorta.
Aorta - it takes blood to different limbs and organs