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19 January 2023 1
Solid Mechanics and Linear Elasticity 2
• Solid Mechanics:
• Studies the behavior of solid materials under external loads
• Analyzes and predicts the response of structures to various
loads
• Linear Elasticity:
• Studies the deformation and stresses in linear elastic materials
• Material returns to its original shape after loads are removed
• Deformation is proportional to applied load
• Based on Hooke's Law, principle of superposition and other
fundamental principles
• Widely used in engineering to analyze and design structures
made of linear elastic materials
• Applications in aerospace, civil engineering, mechanical
engineering and biomedical engineering
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Elasticity Equations 3
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Displacement Functions 4
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Displacement functions 5
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡)
𝑢 𝑋, 𝑡 = ቐ 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡)
𝑤(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡)
Time
𝑥
Position 𝑋= 𝑦
𝑧
• In a 2D problem, a plane stress or plane strain case
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡)
𝑢 𝑋, 𝑡 = ቊ
𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡)
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Strain Matrix 6
• Strain matrix
• In linear elasticity, the strain is usually
represented as a tensor in a [3 × 3]
matrix,
• however, we are going to represent it
with 6 strains
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Strain Displacement Matrix in 2D 8
1) Plane stress
-> no stress in z direction
-> strain in z direction
2) Plane strain
-> No strain in z direction
Only in plane
stress
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Stresses 9
Only in plane
stress
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3D STRESS BLOCK
Equilibrium equations. (Newton)
The linear momentum of the equilibrium behaviour for a 3D
case from the FDB can be written as
Equations of
equilibrium
ü
Equation of equilibrium in voigt form is:
In voigt form:
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Boundary Conditions 13
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Boundary Conditions in FEM 14
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Displacement and Traction 15
In 2D plane problem
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Initial Conditions and Energy 16
(time dependent)
• Initial conditions
• For transient problems it is necessary to describe the state of
the body when analysis starts
• Energy
• Stored energy is an important quantity in mechanics that
may be used as the basis of conservation principles
• It may also be used to define the relationship between
stress and strain transformations
• In voigt notation,
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Constitutive Relationship 17
Hooke’s law
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Elasticity Matrix 18
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Constitutive Relationship in FEM 19
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Elasticity in Isotropic Materials 20
𝜈 is poisson ratio
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Isotropic Material in Plane State 21
In a 2D problem
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2D State of Stresses 22
0 0
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