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General Chemistry 2 – Grade 12 (STEM) Learning Activity Sheets

Quarter 3 – Week 2A: Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of Learner’s Activity Sheets

Writer Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang

Editors: Relyn D. Raza
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Delia P. Alcantara
Edgardo Tupas
Lilibeth S. Apat

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Author: Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang

School/Station: Carmen National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: rosemalyn.pahamtang001@deped.gov.ph

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 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 12, Quarter 3, Week 2A

Name: Section:

Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Most Essential Learning Competency

Describe the following properties of liquids and explain the effect of

intermolecular forces on these properties: surface tension, viscosity, vapor
pressure, boiling point, and molar heat of vaporization. (STEM_GC11MF-IIIa-c-
102)

Learning Objectives:

After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:

1. describe the properties of liquids: surface tension, viscosity, vapor pressure,

boiling point, and molar heat of vaporization; and
2. explain the effects of intermolecular forces on the given properties of liquids.

Time Allotment: 1 hour

Key Concepts

Properties of Liquid:
1. Surface tension
A property of the surface of a liquid that permits it to resist an external force
because of the cohesive nature of the water molecules. It is manifested as some kind
of skin on the surface of a liquid or during a drop of liquid. It is the force that causes
the molecules on the surface of a liquid to “tighten their hold to at least one another”,
creating the effect of a skinny membrane on the surface. The molecules occupy the
smallest amount area possible, which pulls the surface into a spherical shape when
a little amount is dropped. High surface tensions are existing to substances with
strong attractive forces between the molecules. Surface tension is temperature-
dependent; it increases as temperature decreases. Therefore, surface tension is
indirectly proportional to temperature.

2. Viscosity
A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. Polar molecules and molecules with
complex structures (with “branches”) tend to possess higher viscosity being less
ready to slip and slide over each other than those with simple structures and less
polarity. A liquid with high viscosity is claimed to be viscous or simply “thick”. When
the viscosity is so high that it cannot flow any more, the matter is claimed to be
Author: Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang
School/Station: Carmen National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: rosemalyn.pahamtang001@deped.gov.ph

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glassy or vitreous. The opposite of viscosity is fluidity. Highly fluid is said to be free-
flowing, mobile, or “thin”. Viscosity is expressed in units of centipoise.
Fluid is a gas or a liquid; a substance that will flow.

3. Vapor pressure of a liquid

The equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid is the pressure exerted by
the vapor above the surface of the liquid in a closed container. This may be
considered as a measure of the “escaping” tendency of molecules to go from the liquid
to the vapor state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, the space above the
liquid becomes saturated with vapor and an equilibrium state exists between the
liquid and therefore the vapor. The equilibrium equation is:

Vapor is a gaseous substance that occurs naturally as liquid or solid at

normal temperature.

4. Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid boils wherein the vapor pressure of a liquid
is equal to the external pressure (atmospheric pressure above the liquid). The normal
boiling point of a liquid is reached when the external pressure is 1 atm.

5. Molar heat of vaporization (ΔH vap)

It is the energy (usually in kilojoules) needed to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at
a certain temperature. The attractive forces between the liquid molecules are
overcome during vaporization. Only when all of the liquid has become a gas will the
temperature of the substance again increase as more heat is added. H is the symbol
for enthalpy, which suggests total heat at a given standard condition.
Vaporization is the change of phase of matter from liquid to vapor (gaseous
phase).

Author: Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang

School/Station: Carmen National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: rosemalyn.pahamtang001@deped.gov.ph

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Author: Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang
School/Station: Carmen National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: rosemalyn.pahamtang001@deped.gov.ph

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References for Learners:

Barrameda, Ma. Corazon B. et.al. Teaching Guide for Senior High School General
Chemistry 2, pp 32-56. Published by the Commission on Higher Education,
2016.

Ilao, Luciana V., Loctoc, Betty M., and Paderna-Gayon, EdEdwehna Elinore S. “
General Chemistry 2”: K to 12, STEM. 1 st ed., edited by Josefina G. Belen,
1014. 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St. Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines: rex
Bookstyore, Inc., 2016.

Website:
https://www.google.com/search?q=water+drops
https://www.google.com/search?q=boiling+water
https://www.google.com/search=liquid + in + a +closed
https://www.google.com/search?q=bubbles
https://www.google.com/search=dew +drops
https://www.google.com/search? q=honey drops
https://www.google.com/search?q=floating+paper
https://www.google.com/search?q=drops+of+water&rlz+clip
https://www.google.com/search=pouring +of +water
https://www.google.com/search=pouring +oil +from + a +flask
https://www.google.com/search?q=viscosity+of+liquids

Author: Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang

School/Station: Carmen National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: rosemalyn.pahamtang001@deped.gov.ph

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Author: Rosemalyn L. Pahamtang
School/Station: Carmen National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: rosemalyn.pahamtang001@deped.gov.ph