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Punnet square Carrying capacity

25

Exponential Population Growth) => à¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹ Logistic Population Growth) => à¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹¢Ö鹢ͧ
¢Ö鹢ͧ»ÃЪҡÃẺ·ÇÕ¤Ù³ ÁÑ¡¾ºã¹ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ·ÕèÁÕ¡Òà »ÃЪҡÃÀÒÂ㵌»˜¨¨Ñ·ҧÊÀÒ¾áǴŌÍÁ + ¡ÒÃÁÕµÑǵŒÒ¹·Ò¹
Dominant = Âչഋ¹ Heterozygous = ¤Ù‹ÂÕ¹µ‹Ò§ÊÀÒ¾ Ê׺¾Ñ¹¸Øà¾Õ§¤ÃÑé§à´ÕÂÇ㹪‹Ç§ªÕÇÔµ ઋ¹ áÁŧµ‹Ò§ æ 㹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ઋ¹ »˜¨¨Ñ·Õè¨Ó໚¹µ‹Í¡ÒôÓçªÕÇÔµ«Öè§ÁÕÍÂً
Recessive =ÂÕ¹´ŒÍ Homozygous = ¤Ù‹ÂÕ¹ÊÀÒ¾àËÁ×͹ Í‹ҧ¨Ó¡Ñ´ (Carrying Capacity) äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ð໚¹ÍÒËÒà ¾×é¹·Õè
Carrying Capacity: CC) ¤×Í ¨Ó¹Ç¹ ÍÂًÍÒÈÑ ¾×é¹·ÕèÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒÃÇҧ䢋ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃàÅÕ駴ٵÑÇ͋͹
»ÃЪҡÃÊÙ§ÊØ´·ÕèÊÔè§áǴŌÍÁÊÒÁÒöÃѺ䴌 µÅÍ´¨¹¢ŒÍ¨Ó¡Ñ´·Ò§ÊÔè§áǴŌÍÁÍ×è¹ æ ઋ¹ »ÃÔÁÒ³¹éÓ½¹
¤ÇÒÁª×é¹ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ÍسËÀÙÁÔ

Stem cell
1 ÊàµçÁà«Åŏ¨Ò¡àÍçÁºÃÔâÍ ËÃ×͵ÑÇ͋͹¢Í§Á¹Øɏ (ESCs) 2 ÊàµçÁà«Åŏ·Õè䴌¨Ò¡¡ÒûÃѺᵋ§ÂÕ¹ (iPSCs) 3 ÊàµçÁà«Åŏ¨Ò¡à«Åŏ·Õèà¨ÃÔ­áÅŒÇ ËÃ×Í ª¹Ô´ÁÕà«ç¹ä¤Á (MSCs)
¢ŒÍ´Õ : ÊàµçÁà«Åŏ¨Ò¡àÍçÁºÃÔâÍ ËÃ×͵ÑÇ͋͹¢Í§Á¹Øɏ ¢ŒÍ´Õ : ÊÒÁÒö¹ÓÁÒ㪌㹷ҧ¡ÒÃᾷ ઋ¹ ÁդسÊÁºÑµÔ໚¹ Multipotent ¤×ÍÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö
ÊÒÁÒöà¨ÃÔ­¾Ñ²¹Òä»à»š¹à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍ·Ñé§ 3 ª¹Ô´¤×Í à¹×éÍàÂ×èͪÑé¹ ¹ÓÁÒ·ÓÊͺÂÒáÅÐ㪌໚¹µÑÇÍ‹ҧ¢Í§âä à¨ÃÔ­¾Ñ²¹Òä»à»š¹à¹×éÍàÂ×èͪÑ鹡ÅÒ§ ·´á·¹à«Åŏ·ÕèÊÖ¡àËÃÍ
¹Í¡ à¹×éÍàÂ×èͪÑ鹡ÅÒ§ áÅÐà¹×éÍàÂ×èͪÑé¹ã¹ à¾×èÍËÒÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ áÅЪ‹Ç»ÃѺÊÁ´Øŏµ‹Ò§æ ãˌ¡ÑºÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

¢ŒÍàÊÕÂ: ã¹àÃ×èͧ¨ÃÔ¸ÃÃÁ  áÅСÒÃ㪌ÊàµçÁà«Åŏ¨Ò¡àÍçÁºÃÔâÍ ¢ŒÍàÊÕÂ: ÊàµçÁà«Åŏ·Õè䴌¨Ò¡¡ÒûÃѺᵋ§ÂÕ¹ ¢ŒÍ´Õ : ÊÒÁÒöà¨ÃÔ­¾Ñ²¹Òä»à»š¹à¹×éÍàÂ×èͪÑ鹡ÅÒ§ (¡Ãд١


ËÃ×͵ÑÇ͋͹¢Í§Á¹Øɏ·Óãˌà¡Ô´à¹×éͧ͡ ËÃ×Í¡ŒÍ¹ÁÐàÃç§ä´Œ (iPSCs) ·Óãˌà¡Ô´à¹×éͧ͡ ËÃ×Í¡ŒÍ¹ÁÐàÃç§ä´Œ ¡Ãд١͋͹ áÅСŌÒÁà¹×éÍ) ·´á·¹à«Åŏ·ÕèÊÖ¡ËÃÍ áÅЪ‹ÇÂ
»ÃѺÊÁ´Øŵ‹Ò§æ ãˌ¡ÑºÃ‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

Oxidation & Reduction


Reduction : gain electrons , loss oxidation no.
Cu (aq) → Cu (s).
It

Ito]
O

s00
F2 (g) → 2F(g)
~

Of

Oxidation : loss electrons , gain oxidation no.


2I (aq) → I2 (s)
-

-20 J
a
a
cousing

Zn (s) → Zn (aq)
et
·
CWD Chronic wasting diesase
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‘¾ÃÔÍ͹’ (Prion) ·Õèà¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹ä»¨¹ÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂãˌÊÁͧáÅÐÃкº»ÃÐÊÒ·áÅÐä¢ÊѹËÅѧ

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Chicken pox
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Cell phone cancer

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à¾Õ§¾Í·Õè¨Ð¡‹Íãˌà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§â´Â¡Ò÷ÓÅÒ DNA (ÂÕ¹) ÀÒÂã¹à«Åŏâ´ÂµÃ§
¤Å×è¹ RF ¹Ñé¹áµ¡µ‹Ò§¨Ò¡ÃѧÊÕ·Õèáç¡Ç‹Ò (·ÕèᵡµÑÇ໚¹äÍÍ͹) ઋ¹ ÃѧÊÕàÍ¡«
ÃѧÊÕá¡ÁÁÒ áÅÐÃѧÊÕÍÑŵÃÒäÇâÍàŵ (UV) ÃѧÊÕäÍÍÍ乫·ÕèÊÒÁÒö·ÓÅÒ¾ѹ¸Ðà¤ÁÕã¹
DNA «Öè§ÍÒ¨¹Óä»ÊًÁÐàÃç§ä´Œ

Summary : ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ñé§ËÁ´·Õè·Ó¨¹¶Ö§¢³Ð¹ÕéÁÕ¢ŒÍ¨Ó¡Ñ´
â´ÂÊÃØ» ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉҢͧ¼ÙŒ¤¹·ÕèµÕ¾ÔÁ¾¨¹¶Ö§¢³Ð¹ÕéÂѧäÁ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁ⧷ÕèªÑ´à¨¹
ÃÐËNjҧ¡ÒÃ㪌â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×͡Ѻ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¢Í§à¹×éͧ͡ Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ ¡ÒÃ
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NjҡÒÃ㪌â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×Íʋ§¼Åµ‹Í¤ÇÒÁàÊÕè§ÁÐàÃç§ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹:

⑦ »ÃСÒÃáá ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÂѧäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöµÔ´µÒÁ¼ÙŒ¤¹ä´Œà»š¹àÇÅÒ¹Ò¹ÁÒ¡ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ


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② »ÃСÒ÷ÕèÊͧ ¡ÒÃ㪌â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×ÍÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ ¼ÙŒ¤¹ãªŒ


â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×ÍÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒàÁ×èÍ 10 »‚·ÕèáÅŒÇ áÅеÑÇâ·ÃÈѾ·àͧ¡çᵡµ‹Ò§¨Ò¡·Õèà¤Â㪌ã¹Í´Õµ
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A brain tumor-cson.
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ÍÒ¨¨Ðഋ¹ªÑ´ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ã¹à´ç¡ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡Ò¢ͧ¾Ç¡à¢ÒÍÒ¨äǵ‹Í¾Åѧ§Ò¹ RF
ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò ¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñ§ÇÅÍÕ¡»ÃСÒÃ˹Ö觤×Íà´ç¡¨Ð䴌ÃѺ¤Å×è¹ RF ¨Ò¡â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×Í
µÅÍ´ªÕÇÔµÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò¼ÙŒãË­‹·ÕèàÃÔèÁ㪌â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×ÍàÁ×èÍâµ¢Öé¹

ÊØ´·ŒÒ¹Õé ¡ÒÃÇÑ´¼Å¡ÒÃ㪌â·ÃÈѾ·Á×Ͷ×Í㹡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒʋǹãË­‹à»š¹áºº¤Ã‹ÒÇ æ ʋǹãË­‹à»š¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒẺ case-control «Öè§


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Eclipse Tide

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DNA

F
*A = T

8
nucleosome-step
*
vos DNA evirion
histone
mater "voviumzovondis
c =

Nebulae
¡Å؋Á½Ø†¹ á¡Ê áÅоÅÒÊÁÒã¹ÍÇ¡ÒÈ ·ÕèÍÂًÃÇÁµÑǡѹ¨ÐÁÕÅѡɳÐ໚¹
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ÊǧÒÁ ÁÕª×èÍàÃÕ¡ÍÕ¡Í‹ҧ˹Öè§Ç‹Ò “ËÁÍ¡à¾ÅÔ§”

๺ÔÇÅÒ ÃÇÁµÑÇ áÅÐfusion =´ÒÇġɏ

´ÒÇġɏ finally evolution => ᵡµÑÇ ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ ๺ÔÇÅÒÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§

P wave S wave I P = primary , S = secondary (

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·
P wave => ÊÒÁÒöà¤Å×è͹·Õ輋ҹ¢Í§á¢ç§ ¢Í§àËÅÇ áÅÐᡍʠâ´ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 6 – 7 km/sec
P wave ·Óãˌà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÍÑ´ËÃ×Í¢ÂÒµÑǢͧªÑé¹ËÔ¹
S wave => ¤Å×蹪¹Ô´¹Õ鼋ҹ䴌੾ÒТͧá¢ç§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ â´ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ»ÃÐÁÒ³  3 – 4 km/sec
S wave ·ÓãˌªÑé¹ËÔ¹à¡Ô´¡Òä´â¤Œ§

¤Å×è¹µÒÁ¢ÇÒ§ (àª×Í¡)

¤Å×è¹µÒÁÂÒÇ (Ê»ÃÔ§)
ift
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exo-edotermic reaction
(an-hole nearious
Inetia niebog

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