CONTENTS

Introduction.................................................................................................4
Module One. Elements of Business..........................................................5
Preparation............................................................................................5
Practice..................................................................................................7
Exam Task ..........................................................................................24

Module Two. The Company Structure......................................................37

Preparation...........................................................................................37
Practice................................................................................................39
ExamTask............................................................................................56

Module Three. Human Resources............................................................67

Preparation...........................................................................................67
Practice.................................................................................................71
Exam Task ...........................................................................................85

Module Four. Financial Resources..........................................................96

Preparation...........................................................................................96
Practice.................................................................................................99
ExamTask...........................................................................................119

1
 Передмова
Навчальний посібник “Іноземна мова академічної та професійної
комунікації” був розроблений для студентів IІ-ІV курсу усіх напрямів
підготовки усіх форм навчання. Вони організовані відповідно до завдань
та умов вивчення іноземних мов у немовних вузах у відповідності до
програми з англійської мови для професійного спілкування та
Загальноєвропейськими рекомендаціями з мовної освіти.
Метою видання є поглиблення знань у сфері економіки та
вдосконалення практичних навичок читання, письма, говоріння та
аудіювання студентів ІІ-ІV курсу згідно до вимог міжнародних іспитів
Кембріджського сертифікату з ділової англійської мови (BEC Preliminary,
BEC Vantage). Метою даного видання є надання необхідного матеріалу
для аудиторної та самостійної роботи студентів та сприяння
практичному оволодінню англійською мовою професійного спрямування.
Видання складається з чотирьох розділів, кожний розділ включає
вправи, спрямовані на вдосконалення навичок читання, письма,
говоріння та аудіювання. Завдання спрямовані на збагачення
словникового запасу студентів та засвоєння додаткового матеріалу за
темами «Елементи бізнесу», «Форми організації бізнесу», «Типи
компаній», «Трудові ресурси», «Мотивування робітників», «Форми
оплати праці», та «Фінансові ресурси компаній». Завдання містять
лексичні вправи: підстановочні вправи, відповіді на запитання, вибір
вірної відповіді. Четвертий розділ містить комплекс вправ для
вдосконалення навичок роботи з графіками, їх опису. Видання також
містить зразки тестів для удосконалення навичок згідно з форматом
міжнародних іспитів Кембріджського сертифікату з ділової англійської
мови (BEC Preliminary, BEC Vantage) двох рівнів складності (BEC
Preliminary, BEC Vantage). Навчальний посібник містить відповіді до усіх
вправ для самостійного контролю знань.
 MODULE 1.
ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS
PREPARATION
Task 1. Match the following economic terms (1-12) with their definition
(a-l).
1.factors of production a. an organized system for the production,
distribution and consumption
2.wage/wages b. a fixed regular payment made by employers,
usually monthly, for office or professional work
3.free enterprise c. the willingness and ability to offer goods and
services for sale
4.economic (adj.) d. resources used by firms in their production
processes, namely land, labour and capital
5.scarcity e. the willingness and ability of consumers to
purchase goods and services
6.services f. using a minimum of resources; cheap
7. productivity g. money earned for an hour`s or day`s or week`s
work be shop or factory workers
8.demand h. economic system in which anyone can attempt
to raise capital, form a business, and offer goods
and services
9.economy i. the amount of output produced in a certain
period, using a certain amount of inputs
10.supply j. of or relating to an economy or economics
11.economical (adj.) k. a shortage of something
12.salary l. activities offered for sale to customers

Task 2. Look at the descriptions of the types of economic systems and

match each description with its type.
Market economy Command economy
Traditional economy Mixed economy

_________________ a) an economic system in which individuals own

3
 and operate the factors of production.
_________________ b) an economic system in which the government
owns and operates the factors of production.
_________________ c) an economic system based upon customs and
traditions. Economy is based upon agriculture
and hunting.
________________ d) an economic system that has features of both
market and command economies.

Task 3. These pairs of words often cause problems. Choose the correct
alternative for each sentence.

1. ECONOMIC / ECONOMICAL
Prices are rising and the number of jobs is falling. It`s not just a business
problem, it`s a general _______________ problem.
This car uses less petrol than the other one so this one is the more
_______________.
2. PRODUCTION / PRODUCTIVITY
a) We will increase pay if the employees raise their _______________ .
b) If we don`t get another order soon, we`ll have to cut
_______________ and maybe close a factory.
3. SALARY / WAGE
a) We pay a monthly _______________ by cheque to our white-collar
staff.
b) We pay a weekly _______________ in cash to our part-time blue-
collar staff.
4. ECONOMIC / ECONOMICS
a) She studied _______________ at university and is now an
economist with a big international bank.
b) She analyses the general _______________ problems faced by
companies operating within traditional industries like shipbuilding.
5. ECONOMY / ECONOMIES
a) Their government is trying to liberalize the _______________ while
 keeping tight political control.
b) Overheads are out of control and we need to make major
_______________ across the business.

Task 4. Complete the table with the necessary words by adding suffixes
and prefixes.
Learning Tips
When learning new words, it is useful to learn related parts of speech. You
can then keep a record of these words. Complete the table, following the
example.

Noun-concept Noun-person Verb Adjective

Management Manager manage Managerial
ü ü produce ü
ü Economist ü ü
ü ü ü Organizational

PRACTICE
READING
Task 5. Read the following article about the companies below. Choose
the correct word to fill each gap, from A, B or C below.
Learning tips
Ø Read the whole text quickly to find out what it is about. As you read, try to
predict the words that might fill the gaps.
Ø Next, look at the four possible answers for each gap and cross out any
obviously incorrect words.
Ø Then read both before and after each gap to decide which word should be in it
The word needs to fit both the meaning and the grammar.
Ø After completing all the gaps, read the whole text again to check your answers.
All economic systems differ from country to country. While there are
many terms that are used to describe the types of economies that exist in the
world, most economists agree that there are four major types of economic
5
systems: market and traditional economies, command and mixed economies.
Each has its own set of principles.
Great Britain today is a model of a mixed economy. It is (0) ……..C……
up of two (1) ………….. of companies: privately-owned organizations and (2)
………… -owned enterprises. The objectives of those who (3) ………..
business in these two sectors are quite different, as private sector firms are
owned by individuals and public sector firms and organizations are owned by
central or (4) ………… government. Most businesses in Britain are privately
(5) …….. and this sector is clearly (6) ……….. as a key area of the economy.
The (7) …….. objective of firms in the private sector is to (8) ……. a large
share of the market. This can be (9) …… through an (10) …… in sales. This
in (11) …… will enable the business to grow, for example, through buying up
another company. The (12) ...... company will then have a greater (13) …… of
entering different markets. The public sector has different (14) ……, the
principal one being to (15) …… essential services, such as health and
education.

0 A built B grown C made D constructed

1 A styles B kinds C areas D forms
2 A country B state C nation D land
3 A perform B make C do D carry
4 A restricted B local C narrow D limited
5 A made B arranged C managed D driven
6 A looked B watched C noticed D seen
7 A main B most C first D top
8 A add B gain C build D expand
9 A achieved B completed C done D finished
10 A addition B enlargement C increase D expansion
11 A cycle B turn C circle D roll
12 A larger B greater C fatter D heavier
13 A try B aim C luck D affair
14 A matters B concerns C alarms D affairs
15 A give B provide C put D find
 Task 6. Read the text below about the economic system of the USA. Are
sentences 1-6 below ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’ with reference to the text? If
there is not enough information to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose
‘Doesn’t Say’.
Learning tips
Ø In this part of the Reading Test you read a longer text and answer six
questions
Ø First, read the questions. Try to get an idea of what the text will be
about. Then read the text quickly for general understanding.
Ø Then read the text and questions more carefully, choosing the best
answer to each question. Do not choose an answer just because you can
see the same words in the text

The economic system of the USA is based on private enterprise and

private supplies of capital. So, this system is referred to as a ‘free-enterprise
system’ and can be contrasted with a socialist economic system, which
depends heavily on government planning and public ownership of the means
of production.
Yet, the U.S government has to some extent always been involved in
regulating and guiding the economic system of the USA. U.S citizens must
obey the law. Complete economic freedom of action can create great
difficulties, because the freedom by various individuals inevitably conflict. If
they were completely free, workers might stop working when they got their
first pay, and come back only when they needed more money.
At the same time U.S citizens have always had the freedom to choose
for whom they will work, and what they will buy, and how to earn their living.
As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend, while
producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. If a person
can do this, then economists say that a person is economically free. In the
USA most people are simultaneous producers and consumers and they are
also voters who help influence the decisions of government.
So, although we could say that the United States is mixed economy
7
 because it contains both market and command economic features, to do so
would be misleading because the role that the respective government plays in
the economy is quite different.

1. According to the text, the economic system of the USA is principally the
one of private ownership.
- Right B. Wrong C. Doesn`t Say
2. The government decides what you will produce in the economic system
of the USA.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn`t Say
3. Complete economic freedom could cause instability in the whole
economic system.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn`t Say
4. The United States individual citizens can exercise considerable
economic freedom of choice.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn`t Say
5. You get some money for your work in this economic system, but you also
do your job to benefit your country.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn`t Say
6. You can decide what job you would like to do in the mixed economic
system.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Doesn`t Say

Task 7. Read the article below about stages of production. The

sentences below have been removed from the article. Read the article
and put each sentence (A-G) in the correct number gap (0-6). There is
one extra sentence that you do not need to use. Do not use any letter
more than once. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Learning tips
In this part of the Reading Test read each text/paragraph quickly to get an
idea of the general meaning.
Read the sentences (A-G) to be fitted into the gaps.
Read the two sentences in the text before and after the first gap carefully.
Read sentences A-G again, looking for clues to where they might fit in.
These could be similar words in both the text and a sentence, reference
words (this, that, these, those, they, he. etc.) or linking words and phrases.
Then repeat the same procedure for each gap
Make sure the sentence fits both the meaning and the grammar.

A They include single-use goods which give satisfaction to the consumer over
a period of time
B Capital can be also belong to the community
C There has been a decline in employment in the manufacturing sector in
recent years (de-industrialisation).
D As an economy develops, the proportion of the working population
employed in the primary sector declines.
E The tertiary production stage is different from the other two stages
F The primary industries are important because they supply both the raw
materials needed by other industries and food to feed the population.
G This refers to the production of services rather than physical goods

Stages of Production
In the modern economy the production of goods and services can be
broken down into three stages.
Primary production. This is concerned with the use of resources on or
beneath the land and the sea. ( 0 ___ F___) .The main industries involved in
primary production are fishing, mining and quarrying, i.e. the extractive
industries. (1 _________).
Secondary production. This involves the use of materials obtained from
primary industries, together with men and machines, to produce finished
goods which can either be used by other firms or can be sold to a final
customer.
Goods which are bought by firms to produce further goods and
services are known as capital goods. They include fixed capital such as
building and machines, and working capital such as raw material and
components. (2_________). This is known as social capital and includes
9
 roads, schools and hospitals. It is referred to as the infrastructure.
Goods which are bought by consumers are known as consumer goods.
(3 _________) . These include cars, radios and washing machines.
(4_________). A number of reasons have been put forward for this trend:
• job losses due to new technology
• increase demand for cheap foreign imports
• a lack of investment in new machines, causing a loss of exports
• high labour costs compared without overseas competitors
• a shift in employment to the service sector due to changing tastes
Tertiary production. (5 _________). They can be divided into three
types:
• services to industry including banking and insurance (commercial
services)
• services provided to the public such as hairdressing and leisure
services (direct services)
• services provided by the state such as health and education (public
services)
As an economy expands, so does the tertiary sector too.

WRITING
Learning tips
When you write a document – a memo, e-mail, fax or letter – it is important to
choose the right style. One aspect of style is using the right greeting and
farewell. These need to match each other and be written in the appropriate
style.

Task 8. Your task is to match the type of document (1-4) with the
appropriate greeting (beginning (a-d). Then choose a farewell (ending)
from the following list. Some farewells may be appropriate for more
than one document.

Best regards Best wishes Bye Regards

See you Yours faithfully Yours sincerely
types of document Greeting Farewell
1 Informal e-mail to person a Dear Sir/Madam
whom you know well
2 Letter to a person whose b Dear Mr. Blare
name you don`t know
3 Letter to person whose c Dear Mary
name you know
4 Letter to person whom you d Hi, Jack/ Hello
know well

Task 9. Look at the beginning and ending of four different pieces of

correspondence. Match each beginning (A-D) with ending (1-4).

A
From: sern@pocht.co.uk
To: mary.miller@net.co.uk
Cc: macdonalds@abc.co.uk
Dear Ms Miller,
This is to confirm your
booking for Mr David Ellis,
the details of which are
below;
B
From: Mary Miller, office Manager
To: All staff
Subject: New front door entry system
Following last week`s burglary, a
new front door entry system is being
installed tomorrow. Please make
sure that

11
 The Business Support Centre
Bishop`s Court
London
BG2 1PP
The Office manager
MAB
90 Oak Road
London
BG1 2 HB
25 March 2020
Dear Ms Miller,
Thank you for your recent enquiry about training
courses for office staff

C
Bent Solutions
6 Green Way
London
BG2 1HK
The Office manager
MAB
90 Oak Road
London
BG1 2 HB
25 March 2020
Dear Sir or Madam,
Bent Solutions has been providing temporary office staff to
top companies nationwide since 1995. We have just opened
a new office here in London and I am writing to….

1 Yours faithfully, 3 Regards,

John Maguire Paul Barnes
Manager Sales agent

2 Your sincerely, 4 and personal

Jack Smith entry code from me
Manager before you leave
the office tomorrow

A B C D

Task 10. Write appropriate beginnings and endings for the three
following pieces of correspondence written by Mary Miller.

a Thank you for your C Could your London

brochure. I would like to office please deliver the
enroll my assistant, Andy car to Mr Ellis`s hotel,
Hook, on your next (The Tisle Hotel,
course on ‘Working with Charlotte Street)
Spreadsheets’. I enclose instead of Mr Ellis
a completed booking picking it up at the
form airport?
b I would like to
remind all staff that
everyone has a
different entry code
and that you must
memorise your own
personal one. Please
contact me if you
have forgotten it.

Task 11. Read the exam task below and write a letter.
This is a part of a letter that you received from your former workmate:

13
 .
….. I have heard that you work in a big international company? It`s
great, I am really happy for you! Could you tell me the name of your
company? What is your position? What time do you start and finish
work? Do you do many different things in your work? What do you
enjoy about your job?
Write me back as soon as possible. …………………….

Write a letter answering all his/ her questions. Choose a beginning and
ending for you letter. Try to use a wide range of appropriate vocabulary
and grammatical structures.

Task 12. You are a regional sales manager for an international company.
You have been asked to go to a meeting at your company`s head office. You
cannot go, so somebody else will go in your place. Write a letter to Ms
Madlock, who is organizing the meeting:
• apologizing for not being able to go to the meeting
• explaining why you cannot go
• saying who will go
Write 40-50 words.

SPEAKING
Task 13. The interview – about 3 minutes. The interlocutor asks questions
to each candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and
express personal opinion.

Learning tips
1. The speaking test is taken in pairs.
2. The examiner asks you questions about yourself, your studies or work
or other personal matters.
3. This part of the test is designed to test your ability to talk about
 yourself concisely, to perform certain functions such as agreeing and
disagreeing, and expressing personal opinion.
4. Listen carefully to the questions you are asked.
5. Avoid giving long, prepared speeches as you may not be answered
the question properly.

Here are some possible test questions you may be asked:

ü Would you like to run your own business in the future?
ü How helpful will your studies be to your career?
ü What do you like about being a student?
ü Are there any disadvantages about being a student?
ü Is it important for business people to speak a foreign language?

Task 14. Look at the list of questions below. Find five pairs of questions
which have the same meaning. Four questions do not form a pair. Write
the questions with the same meanings next to each other in the table
below.

What's the name of your company? What exactly do you do?

What`s your job? Do you travel much in your job?
What are you studying? Who do you work for?
What do you enjoy about your What does your job involve?
job/studies? What do you do?
What do hope to do in the future? What are your plans for the future?
Do you do many different things in What are your working hours?
your work/studies?
What time do you start and finish
work?
Do you do many different things in
your work/studies?

Question A Question B
What's the name of your company? Who do you work for?

15
1. Work in pairs. Choose three of the questions from Exercise 1 to ask
your partner, then ask three more questions of your own. Remember to think
about whether your partner is working or studying before choosing your
questions.

2. Now work with a partner. Read through the list of questions (1-6) and
the list of reasons (a-f). Take it in turns to ask and answer questions. When
answering, choose a reason from the box and add either another reason or
more detail of your own.

e.g. A. Is it important for a company to offer flexible hours?

B. Yes, because some staff have family commitments. It can be a
good thing for working parents who need to organize childcare.

1. Is it important for a company to offer flexible hours?

2. Is it important for a company to give employees their own workplace?
3. Is it important for a company to provide Internet access for their
employees?
4. Is it important for a company to offer training to its employees?
5. Is it important for a company to have a workforce with different types of
people?
6. Is it important for a company to have rules about what its employees
can wear?

a. this is part of the company`s image

b. different people can bring different ideas
c. some staff have family commitments
d. staff need a place to leave unfinished work
e. staff need to feel they can develop
f. staff sometimes need to look up information

Task 15. Use adjectives to discuss what qualities are needed for the
following jobs. Give reasons.

JOBS QUALITIES
Chief Executive Officer motivated, imaginative, confident, practical,
secretary cautious, flexible, honest, tactful, alert, able to
marketing director remain/stay calm, disciplined, organized,
cashier persuasive, curious, responsible, sociable,
bank manager energetic, polite, skilled, able to work in a team,
sales representative patient

e.g. A secretary needs to be disciplined and organized to run an office

efficiently. She/he also needs to be able to stay calm while working under
pressure and always be patient with clients.

Task 16. Read the table below. Then tell you partner which of the jobs
appeals to you the most and the least. Use the useful language below.
You can also use your own ideas.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Chief Executive manages the company job is stressful, has to work
Officer (CEO) him/herself, has a high unlimited time, ………….
income, has unlimited
travel and entertainment
expenses, deals with all
the major aspects of the
company policy
Auditor approves and examines has to deal with unpleasant
company accounts, gets a situation, often working
17
 high salary hours are long if you are
crunching on a deadline or it
is budget season, ………..

Sales gets a special bonus, some travel expenses,

Representative visits clients, works a …………
flexible schedule
Chief is event planning because doesn't expect to take a
accountant he/she knows her/his vacation during month-end
deadlines, gets a high and year-end deadlines, not
salary, likes working with meeting a deadline can
numbers, balancing mean fines and audits,
budgets and checkbooks ……………

e.g. The best thing about being an accountant is that you can do financial
analysis and project based work which may be rewarding. And I don`t mind
doing the same routine each month.

Useful language
Likes Dislikes Neutrality
I like/love/enjoy (+ing I don`t/ wouldn`t I wouldn`t mind ((+ing
form/noun)… enjoy/like… form/noun)
I`m keen on (+ing I`m not keen on (+ing It`s the same to me if…
form/noun)… form/noun) It doesn`t/ wouldn`t
The best think about I don`t fancy (+ing matter to me if…
that is … form/noun)
What I like most is… I hate (+ing form/noun)
The thing I like best I can`t stand (+ing
about… form/noun)

Task 17. Mini-presentation –about 5 minutes. In this part of the test, you
are asked to give a short talk on a business topic. Choose one of the topics
from the three given below and then talk for about one minute. You have one
minute to prepare your ideas. When giving examples, use expressions such
 as:

v Useful language
"For instance ..."
"Take … for example ..."
"To give you an example ..."
"To illustrate this ..."
"To show you what I mean ..."

Learning tips
• You choose one of two or three topics. Each one is in the form of a
question beginning What is important when … ?
• You have one minute to prepare your ideas. In this time make brief
notes to give you a structure and some key words.
• When you talk, make the structure clear: by giving a brief introduction
and conclusion, using linking words and phrases to introduce each section,
listening to what the other candidate says.
• You will have to ask the other candidate a question about their
presentation after they have spoken.
• Remember that you ate being tested on your ability to speak English,
not on your knowledge of specific areas of business, so if you don`t know
much about topic, just say what you can about it.

A. What is important when … ?

Selecting applicants for a job

• Work experience
• Personal qualities
•

B. What is important when … ?

19
 Preparing for a job interview
• Studying the job advertisement
• Finding about the company
•

C. What is important when … ?

Arranging a meeting
• Preparing materials
• Deciding who needs to be there
•

When you have given your presentation, your partner will ask you a question
about what you have said. Here are some questions they may ask you:
ü What did you mean when you said … ?
ü Don`t you think that … ?
ü

Task 18. Discussion – about 5 minutes. In this part of the test, you are
given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at this prompt card
and then about 3 minutes to discuss the topic with your partner. If you need
you may use expressions such as:
v Useful language
"That's a good question."
"It's funny you should ask."
"Well, to be honest ..."
"It's difficult to say."
"Let me think ..."

Learning tips
Ø You and the other candidate should try to imagine yourselves in a
work environment, faced with a real situation to discuss, on which you
should try to reach some decision.
Ø Listen to the other candidate and respond to what they say. Do not
just give your own opinions, or simply agree with the other candidate.
Ø Try to make more than just basic comments.
Ø Develop your answers, and give examples to show what you mean.
Listen to what the other candidate says.

Staff training day: listening to customers

Your company has received several complaints from customers about how
their concerns have been handled.
You have been asked to talk to your staff about how to improve the way
they listen and respond to customers.
Discuss the situation together, and dicide:
• what aspects of customer care your staff need to be aware of
• how you will monitor their dealings with customers

Useful language
Agreeing
That is exactly what I think
It`s precisely what I wanted to say.
You`ve convinced me.
Perhaps you are right
You are definitely/absolutely right
On the whole I agree
Disagreeing
That`s right, but I don`t think so.
That may be true, but…
I`m not sure I agree with you
I`m afraid it will not work.
I don`t think it`s a good idea to …
I see what you mean, but …
I can`t agree with that, because …

The interlocutor will then ask you some follow-up questions. Here are some
questions you may be asked:
ü What do you think about….?
ü How important do you think customer care is?
ü Do you think customers notice if staff have been trained in this way?
ü
21
 EXAM TASK
READING AND WRITING (1hours 30 minutes)
READING
PART ONE
Questions 1-5
• Look at questions 1-5 and at five extracts below.
• In each question, which sentence is correct?
• For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C).

Example:
This company provides many different Internet services, including news,
online shopping, and email. Most of its sales come from advertising on its
website.
A. The main activity of this company is engineering services.
B. The main activity of this company is banking services.
√C. The main activity of this company is Internet services.
The correct answer is C, so mark one letter.

1.
From: Accounts
To: Sales Department
Cc:
Subject: Expenses

Send in all receipts for expenses by the last day of this month.

Accounts will
A need expense details by next month
B settle all expenses at the end of this month
C return your receipts by the end of the month

2.
 Linda Smithson, currently Finance Director at the Bank of London, is
replacing Tyler Brady as Chief Executive at Bellinsky Insurance.

A Linda Smithson is moving from banking to insurance

B Bellinsky Insurance hopes to appoint a new Chief Executive.
C The post of Chief Executive at the Bank of London has become vacant.

3.
This special price is only available when you call 0800 400 9567, quoting
reference GS7638

You can get this special price:

A when you give the number to a shop assistant.
B if you phone, and give us the number above.
C if you make a phone call and refer to the price.

4.
DELIVERY
• orders over $100.00 free; otherwise charged at normal postal rates
• express delivery, $40 surcharge on all packages
• delivery within country only

You will have to pay delivery charges on:

A goods worth more than $100.00
B goods sent express
C goods sent overseas.

5.
12% discount if you pay your bill within 15 days of receipt of goods

To get the discount you must

23
 A receive the goods within 15 days
B deliver the goods within 15 days
C pay for the goods within 15 days

PART TWO
Questions 6-10
• Look at the eight newspaper headlines about managing the economy
below.
• For questions 6-10, decide which headlines (A-H) of the list should
match to the right article below.
• For each sentence, mark the correct letter from (A-H).
• Do not use a letter more than once.

NEWS
MANAGING THE ECONOMY
A. MNCS Will Cut Inward Investment
B. Retail Sales Up – Good News For Jobs
C. Call For Investment In Training
D. Reflation Would Help Housebuilding, Says Top Official
E. Inflation Target Still 3%
F. Higher Taxes Destroy Potential For Growth
G. Call For Devaluation
H. Cleveland Best Inc. Announces De-Merger

6 The Prime Minister has said again that retail prices must not rise above
present levels. Speaking at a party meeting, he said low inflation was
essential for economic recovery.
7 A report published this week claims that the increase in consumer spending is
creating new employment opportunities.
8 The depressed construction industry would benefit if the Government
increased public spending and lowered taxes, according to ...
9 The Government should spend more on training grants for young people and
the unemployed, according to Jaqueline Ross, the region's Local Education
Officer. This would bring long-term economic benefits.
10 A leading Japanese economist has suggested that multinational corporations
will be less likely to invest in the UK if the pound continues to have such a
high exchange rate against the euro.

PART THREE
Questions 11-15
• Look at the graph, which shows an IT company's income, total
expenditure and advertising costs over an eight-month period.
• Which month do the sentences (11-15) describe?
• For each sentence, choose a letter from (A-H).
• Do not use a letter more than once.

EXCESS SPENDING
Materials
9000 Labour
8000 Overheads
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
A B C D E F G H

11. There was a continued reduction in excess spending on materials and a

decline in the overheads figures.
12. Excess spending on materials and labour were both a little below record
levels but spending on overheads was at its lowest.
13. The amount for labour dropped, while the figures for materials and
overheads were unchanged on the previous month.
14. Excess spending on materials dropped slightly in this month while
overheads showed a slight increase, to a figure which was equaled in the
25
 following month.
15. In this month the amount for materials was unchanged, while for both
labour and overheads there was an improvement in the figures.

PART FOUR
Questions 16-22
• Read the magazine article below about the hotel chain “Unigroup”.
• Are sentences 16-22 below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is enough
information to answer “Right” or “Wrong”, choose “Doesn`t say”.
• For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A,B or C)

Unigroup
Unigroup, the hotel chain, has recently announced that it will close its
headquarters in London as part of its attempt to reduce costs ahead of its
break-up.
The group, currently fighting off a takeover bid from Rockford
Investments, is keen to show shareholders it can save £100m as part of its
defence. It is also selling hotels in London and several more in the US.
Unigroup has started a programme there for making staff redundant and is
considering further job cuts across Europe.
Unigroup spent Friday putting forward its arguments to shareholders. It
is understood that the shareholders have asked the company to postpone the
meeting at which they will vote on Rockford’s offer. This will also give
Rockford the chance to reconsider the package it is offering, parts of which
were criticised by its own shareholders.
Rockford has maintained that Unigroup shareholders have given it a
friendly reception, but refused to comment on its bid, currently worth 648p per
share.
The battle increased last Friday when Unigroup management
complained to the Takeover Board about negative comments a Rockford
representative had made about the company at a press conference earlier
that day. Rockford later apologised for what its representative had said.

16The headquarters of Unigroup will close after the rest of the business has
broken up.
A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say
 17Unigroup is cutting costs to help persuade shareholders to reject a rival
takeover bid.
A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

18 Unigroup’s US staff who have already lost their jobs were senior
managers.
A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

19 Unigroup's shareholders wish to delay their decision on Rockford’s

proposal.
A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

20 Rockford’s shareholders support the offer their company is making.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

21 It is believed Rockford will increase its bid if the current one looks likely to
fail.
A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

22 Rockford was reported for publicly criticising Unigroup.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

PART FIVE
Questions 23-28
• Read the text below.
• For each question (23-28), choose the correct answer.
• Mark one letter (A,B or C)

DIRTY WORK

I’ve always been impressed by modern offices. All those skilled workers
with their suits and ties and smart skirts. And I have always thought that one
of the perks of working in such places is that everything is so clean. But
according to a recent scientific study, if you’re a white collar office worker, you

27
should think about asking for sick leave or even start working from house.
Because your workplace is crawling with germs.
A team from the University of Iowa discovered that the average office
desktop has 300 times more bacteria than the average office toilet seat! And
surprisingly, women's workstations are home to many more germs than those
of their male colleagues. On average, female employees have three to four
times the amount of germs in their work area.
One reason why women's desks have more bacteria is that women
spend more time with small children and so are more likely to catch their
germs. Another problem is that women use make-up and lotions, which help
to transfer bacteria. And many women, especially if they have to work long
hours, like to have a little something to eat while they are on duty. So they
tend to keep snacks in their desk drawers: an ideal place for bacteria to grow.
Professor Jeremy Serba found that 70 per cent of female employees kept
food in their work area. ‘I was really surprised how much food there was in a
woman’s desk. If there's ever a famine, that’s the first place I'll look.'
However, before all you poor male workers run to your boss to complain
about your working condition and to threaten to I go on strike unless you get a
bonus for working with all those dirty women, you should know one thing:
men's wallets are the most fertile breeding grounds of all for all those nasty
little office bugs. Professor Serba notes: 'Your wallet is in your back pocket
where it's nice and warm, it’s a great incubator for bacteria.’
But don't hand in your resignation and apply for a job on a pig farm or at
the municipal dump just yet. Before informing your employer that you're
leaving for a more hygienic occupation, you should find out if anyone has
done a similar study for blue collar workers involved in manual labour. It could
be even dirtier on the pig farm.

23The writer says he used to find offices impressive because

A the people are smartly dressed.
B employees get many perks
C you get sick leave if you’re ill.

24 A woman’s desk
A is more hygienic than an office toilet..
B has three to four times less bacteria than a man’s desk.
 C has more bacteria than a man's desk.

25 Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why women’s desks

have many germs on them?
A Women have more contact with children.
B Women leave tissues lying on their desks.
C Women use cosmetics.

26 Men's wallets are full of bacteria because of

A the place where men usually keep them.
B the different things men keep in them.
C the high temperature in the office.

27 According to the text

A nobody has done a similar study for blue collar workers.
B Professor Gerba has done a similar study for blue collar workers.
C a similar study has been done for blue collar workers.

28 The writer advises the reader to:

A give up his or her office job.
B find a more hygienic workplace.
C get more information before making a decision.

PART SIX
Questions 29-40
• Read the article.
• Choose the correct word to fill each gap, from A, B or C.
• For each question 29-40, mark one letter (A, B or C).

Mariah Franklin of PetPals Weechester says, 'I (1) ….. my €50,000-a-

year job as a surveyor to join the franchise, (2) ….. up all the associated
stress, and have not missed a single moment of the old job. It was hard work
for the first year, as I was (3) ….. my business and we had to be careful with
money, but what a great year! I could not believe it; in our first year, our
turnover (4) ….. just over €35,000, producing around €10,000 (5) ….. profit,

29
 and we even managed to (6) ….. most of our finance. No more stress and
strains of the old life, I have lost weight, have peace of mind, sanity and
probably the best job in the world.'
PetPals Weechester now (7) ….. five part-time assistants and is
growing at a controlled (8) ….. of around 25% a quarter. Part of a famous
rock band that started back in the sixties, Richard Herd, of PetPals Zachery
Walden wanted a business that he could (9) ….. with his wife, Michelle. That
would allow them to work together in harmony while (10) ….. a rewarding
service to busy pet owners. Zachery and Michelle say, 'We enjoy being very
much part of the (11) ….. . Support is always on (12) ….. if we need it'

29 A stopped threw quit

30 A leaving giving throwing

31 A growing doing looking

32 A arrived reached rose

33 A complete large gross

34 A pay off pay in pay out

35 A employs contracts engages

36 A amount percentage rate

37 work run do
38 sending paying providing

39 franchiser franchise franchisee

40 hand paper reach

PART SEVEN
Questions 41-45
• Read the note below.
• Find the information and complete the refund form.
• Write a word or phrase (in Capital Letters) or a number on lines 41-45.
 With regard to our conversation on the phone yesterday, I can confirm
that, due to serious illness, Tony Martino has to cancel his flight to
Barcelona on Friday 15 July and I therefore request a refund. I enclose the
ticket: Business class, flight number AK 329, booking reference 2389/3.

Business Travel Ltd

Memorandum
Date: 1 July 2012
To: Bridget
From: William
Subject: Refund

Could you please fill in a refund form for this client? Note that the
booking reference is actually 02/2389/B. It was a company booking for First
Class (not Business Class) AKON AIR flight from Gatwick. They paid by
credit card but it is easier if we sent them a cheque for £1025.00.

BUSINESS TRAVEL Ltd Refund N0: 0236 52G

Booking reference: (41) _________________________
Ticket details:
Date of departure 15.07.2012
Flight number: AK 329 (AKON AIR)
Departure form: Gatwick
Destination: (42) _________________________
Ticket class: (43) _________________________
Refund: £1025
Method of refund: (44) _________________________
Reason for cancellation: client’s (45) _________________________

Writing
PART ONE
Question 46. You bought an MP3 player at online store and it is not working
31
 properly. You have the guarantee of the product. Write an e-mail of complaint
to the store, in which you will.
• Write an email:
• explaining when you bought the product.
• explaining where you bought it.
• describing the problem in details and ask for a replacement or a refund.
• Write 30-40 words.

From:
To:
Subject:

Dear ,

PART TWO
Question 47
• You are going to spend next summer in the USA and you are looking for a
summer job. You have seen this advertisement on the Internet:

A popular seaside resort is looking for

SUMMER CAMP INSTRUCTORS
International students are welcome!
Brilliant way to have a great summer
and earn some money at the same time!
If interested, send your letter of application to Gwen Smith,
gwen@scusa.net

• Write a application letter including all the necessary details:

• the position you are applying for,
• describe your professional experience,
• say why you would like to get the job and why you think you are a suitable
candidate,
• describe your level of English.
• Write 60-80 words.

SPEAKING
PART ONE: ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1. What do you want to do in the future in your studies / work?
2. Do you think it is important to work long hours if you want to be successful?
3. Is high salary a good motivation for you to work?
4. What will you be doing in five year’s time?

PART TWO: INDIVIDUAL MINI-PRESENTATIONS

A What do you need to think about when…?

asking a customer to settle an overdue payment
• Details of the amount owing
• Being firm but polite
• Deadlines for payment

B What do you need to think about when…?

deciding whether to invest in production
• Cost of production
• The target market
• The percentage you receive in return for your
investment

PART THREE: DISCUSSION

Exam Scenario

You and your partner own shares in the eight companies in the headlines
below. Talk together for about two minutes and decide which of the shares
would you sell and which you should buy.
33
Candidates` Prompt Sheet

a Blaze at Porto Pharmaceuticals plant

b Alleged fraud at CLIFFTON BANK

c Rally in Toxon’s shares set to continue

d New IT system scrapped at Curra Electronics

e Chief Executive ousted from RDA Airways

f BITON PHARMACEUTICALS announce breakthrough vaccine

g Sales tumble at Rose & Hive

h COOLPAC FOODS shows signs of turnaround

 MODULE 2
THE COMPANY STRUCTURE
PREPARATION
Task 1.Look at the verbs (1-6) and nouns (a-f) below, find eight verb-
noun collocations and match them. You can use some verbs and nouns
twice.

1. set up a an award
2. launch b a business
3. take over c a product
4. win d money
5. run e an advertising campaign
6. inherit f the presidency/directorship

Task 2.These phrasal verbs can all be used to describe the life of a
company.
branch up break up build up buy out close down cut back go under
open up sell off start up take on take over wind up

a.Put the phrasal verbs into the following categories according to their
meaning. Sometimes, a verb will fit into more than one category. The
first one has been done for you as an example.

Begin End expand Reduce

branch out

b. Arrange the following c. Now fill in the gaps with correct forms
phrasal verbs in the order of the verbs from the exercise:
in which you think they Five years ago, Jake 1__ started up

35
are most likely to happen __ his own business selling computers. The
when somebody starts a company was a great success and he
new company. The first 2 _________ stores all over the USA. He
one has been done for you had 3 ________ a good relationship with his
as an example: bank and so they agreed to lend him the
money to expand and 4 _________ into
selling computers.
branch out ________ Unfortunately the computers were not
break up ________ popular. Profits fell sharply and Jake realized
build up ________ that he had to make dramatic changes. He
close down ________ started to 5 ________ on spending and 6
cut back ________ __________ his less profitable stores. Profits
go under ________ continued to go down, however, so he
open up ________ decided to 7 _________ the company in
sell off ________ order to 8 __________ his computer division.
start up ___ 1 ___ Then the bank demanded their money back
wind up ________ and there was no way to stop the firm 9
___________ . He was finally forced to 10
___________ operations completely.

Task 3.Complete the gaps (1-4) in the following text with a money verb
from the box.

invest save spend waste

Having a great idea is not enough to start up a new business. You need
to 1 ______ a great deal of time on market research and deciding who your
target customers will be. Doing this properly will 2 ______ both time and
money later. The most important thing is often belief .You need to believe in
your product enough to be prepared to 3 ______time, effort and yes, your
own money in making it work.
And if the idea is not a success? Don't feel you have to 4 ______ time
and money on something not beneficial for you. You may be able to go back
 to your original idea later and change it, or use parts of it for something else.

PRACTICE
READING
Task 4. Look at the questions below and the job advertisements about
different jobs. Which job advertisement (A,B, C or D) does each statement 1-
7 refer to? For each question 1-7, mark one letter (A,B, C or D). You will need
to use some of these letters more than once.

A B C D
1. offers a salary plus ü
perks?
2. has vacancies for
various kinds of people?
3. offers to train and
instruct the successful
applicants?
4. states age limits?
5. is looking for people
who want to help others
6. wants their employees
to be able to travel?
7. promises
opportunities for promotion?

Job Advertisements
A Volunteer wanted for adult B A leading fashion company
literacy scheme. People of all seeks ambitious graduates with
ages and backgrounds are invited some experience to train in
to participate in this vital literacy- merchandising. Duties will
building programme. applicants include stock allocation,
should be articulate, energetic assessment and analysis of
37
 and patient, with excellent sales figures to predict future
communication skills. If you trends. Knowledge of fashion
would like to contribute and some design experience
something to the lives of people would be valuable. Excellent
who missed an important chance, prospects for advancement in
contact us now this forward-looking company.

C ‘Highwater U.K., distributors of D Would you like the chance to

quality footwear, is now looking for
an outgoing and experienced sales
representative. The ideal applicat will
be in her/his mid to late twenties, will
be self-motivated and have excellent
presentation skills. A sound
commercial awareness is necessary,
along with previous sales
experience. Full mobility is essential,
and willingness to relocate is a
definite plus. We offer an excellent
salary/commission package together
with a company car and car phone.
earn up to $4,000 per month
tax-free while visiting exotic
places? Arrow Cruiselines
needs porters, waitresses/
waiters, sports instructors, club
and casino staff now. New
contracts (6 or 12 months) start
every month. Full training is
provided. All you need is
fluency in English and another
language, a lively personality
and a sense of adventure.

Task 5. Read the article below .Choose the best sentence to fill each of
the gaps. For each gap 1-5, mark one letter (A-G). Do not use any letter
more than once. There is an example at the beginning (0)
Exam Tips:
- In this part of the Reading Test you read a text with gaps in it, and choose
the best sentence to fill in each gapfrom a set of seven sentences.
- First read the text for the overall meaning, then go back and look for the
best sentence for each gap.
- Make sure the sentence fits both the meaning and the grammar of the text
around the gap.
 Starting Up on Your Own
The first two things to do if you are stating your business are to find an
accountant and talk to your bank manager. Your accountant will help you to
draw up a business plan to show what borrowing you need from your bank.
(0) ……..G……. .
While you are engaged in these consultations, it is a good idea to find
out whether you are entitled to any government grants or similar financial
help. (1) …………….. As check whether subsidies are available for training
yourself or people you employ.
Having completed these tasks, there are a number of specific things
you then need to do. Doing them in the right way and at the right time can
save you a lot of money, so make sure you know what to do.
Perhaps the most important thing is to inform the Inland Revenue that
you have left your job and have started your own business. (2) ………… . The
Inland Revenue will also need to make amendments to their records to show
that you are now self-employed. Next, you should think about registering for
Value Added Tax (VAT). Generally, if you sales exceed a certain amount you
have to charge VAT on them. (3) ……………… .
Consider the consequences of employing people in your business. As
soon as you start to take on employees, you will need to establish proper
procedures. These include drawing up proper contracts of employment. You
will also need to contact your local tax office to register your employees.
Lastly, as part of becoming an employer of others, you must become
familiar with a number of legal issues. Once you have more than a minimum
number of people on your payroll, you will need to comply with Health and
Safety requirements(4)……………………….. . One issue that you should
think about once your business expands and your staff grow in numbers is
equal opportunity, In particular, you should consider drawing up a company
policy on equal opportunity. (5) ……………… .
If you need more information on legal or other matters relating to
employment, contact your local Chamber of Commerce, which will either be
able to help you, or will put you in touch with organizations who can.

39
A. It is a good idea, when considering this issue, to ask your local Fire
Authority to check your work premises in order to ensure that they comply
with current fire regulations.
B. Even if your sales are under that figure, it may be worthwhile
registering voluntarily because you could recover what you have been
charged on your business purchases.
C. If you are new to this, talk to your local Chamber of Commerce
about placing suitable advertisements in the local press.
D. For example, you might be in a less prosperous region where
grants are given to encourage the start-up of small business.
E. You may be due a repayment of income tax deducted while you
were in employment, so do this as soon as possible.
F. If this includes a commitment to employ disabled people, you will
need to ensure that your premises are equipped to accommodate them, for
example have for wheelchairs, special provision of toilets, and so on.
G. Once this is done, your bank manager will need to review the plan
and discuss any overdraft facility you might need.

Task 6. Read the text below about the origins of company structure. For
each question 1-6, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) for the answer you
choose

How to approach Reading Test Part Three

• In this part of the Reading Test you read a longer text and answer six
questions.
• First read the questions.Try to get an idea of what the text will be
about. Then read the text quickly for general understanding.
• Then read the text and questions more car efully, choosing the best
answer to each question. Do not choose an answer just because you can
see the same words m the text.

The Origins of Company Structure

 If we study the structure of companies, we can see how they have
reflected the current mix of ideologies at any one time: political, social, legal
and economic, to mention but four. On the other hand, we can also say that
structure is a normal feature of human nature. To rephrase, we prefer
organization to chaos and we respond well to clearly defined areas of activity.
In this way we can see in the earliest communities the beginnings of
organizational structure.
If we look for practical applications of this thinking, a good starting point
is the Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford, who set up his automobile
manufacturing company in 1903, strongly believed that efficiency in the
workplace was based on providing just that mix of knowledge and skills
required to carry out a single, often repetitive, task. Therefore the training
provided to his workers focused on what was needed to do the job.
Today, the company structure following this approach would be
considered very minimalist, since it only refers to narrow areas of
competence. Modern management has had to pay much more attention to
the needs of the workforce and find ways to motivate them. Today`s
employee is not only a unit of production, but also a resource with clearly
defined needs and wants. This, in turn, has had implications for companies in
the way they structure and organize their activities. This move to a more
human face came at a time of rapid industrial change and gave the workers a
new position in the company hierarchy. in addition, management began to
change, moving away from more autocratic models, where a single leader
has total power, to broader ones involving a greater degree of power-sharing.
This width was reflected in the particular mix of skills needed for success.
These can be summarised as 1) planning what needs to be done; 2) leading
the team of colleagues and workers who are going to do it; 3) organizing the
work in the most efficient manner; 4)controlling what has been done to ensure
that it meets the plan.
These four areas have remained the cornerstone of management.
While companies may have changed their hierarchies and become leaner
and flatter, the tasks carried out by managers have remained largely
unchanged. The Marketing Manager needs to prepare the marketing plan, in
41
terms of activities and budgets; then he or she needs to ensure that the plan
is communicated to all those who are to be involved in its implementation;
after this stage comes the implementation itself and the manager needs to
organize the work of those who are to carry it out; and finally, to complete the
process, the results need to be compared against the plan. What we have
stated for the Marketing Manager is repeated throughout the company, with
minor adaptations to fit each department`s activities and concerns.

1. Company structures are based on

A four principles
B more than four principles
C human nature
D primitive societies
2. According to the author people like to
A live in a well-ordered society
B work together on shared tasks
C have a degree of risk in their lives
D work in clearly defined organization
3. Henry Ford provided
A wide-ranging training for his workers
B very repetitive training for his workers
C beliefs and visions for his workers
D narrowly focussed training for his workers
4. Today`s workers
A are simply tools of production
B have lower expectations than their predecessors
C have recognizable requirements and wishes
D are more efficient than their predecessors
5. According to the author, successful managers need
A to exercise a range of skills
B to be good at planning tasks
C to lead by example
D to follow models from well-established companies
6. Why does the author give marketing as an example?
A because it is a typical management area
B because it is a unique management area
C because marketing is central to all company structures
D because companies today are marketing-driven

Task 7. Read the article about why some small companies fail to grow.
Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D below. For each
question 1-15 mark one letter (A, B, C or D). There is an example at the
beginning (0).

Exam Tips:
• This part of the Reading Test tests your vocabulary.
• Read the whole text quickly to find out what it is about. As you read,
try to predict the words that might fill in the gaps.
• Look at the four possible answers for each gap and cross out any
obviously incorrect options.
• read both before and after each gap to decide which word should go
in it. The word needs to fit both the meaning and the grammar.
• After completing all the gaps, read the whole text again to check your
answers.

Example: (Answer; A)

Do You Know Why Some Small Companies Remain Small ?

As you know it is often thought that if a small company does not (0)
__A__ it is because of external factors. So, it may be something of a surprise
to find out that many small companies have only themselves to (1) … for their
lack of growth. In fact, if you run a small business, you shouldn`t waste much
time asking yourself whether you have (2) _____ to investment capital; still
less, analyzing any fluctuations in (3) ... exchange rates. You are more likely
43
to (4) _____ the main barrier to greater success by looking in the mirror.
This is a conclusion that can be (5) _____ from a recent study based on
interviews with the owner-managers of 40 small businesses. The research
makes the reason (6) _____: management behaviour, however well
intentioned, is often the (7) ... of the problem. This was the overwhelming view
(8) ____ by the managers surveyed: the main barrier to growth was the fact
that day-to-day issues (9) _____ all their time. The problems that many larger
businesses face - lack of funds and insufficient government support - were of
relatively minor (10) ____ for these small companies.
The survey shows that while owner-managers often work very hard
running their business, many never take it on to the next (11) _____ . The
reason is that they are too busy (12) ____ their sales, marketing and finance
functions. Limited resources may (13) ____ to this, but many owner-
managers are unwilling to delegate even insignificant decisions. As a result,
not realizing it, they develop a style of working that (14) ____ them from
moving forward. One of the most important lessons for managers is learning
to let go. Very few people can do everything themselves. Instead they need to
hire staff able to take (15) ____ some of their responsibilities.

0 A expand B increase C enlarge D broaden

1 A condemn B accuse C charge D blame
2 A admission B entry C access D entrance
3 A currency B money C cash D banknote
4 A specify B categorize C identify D allocate
5 A achieved B drawn C acquired D obtained
6 A clear B distinct C resolved D defined
7 A foundation B ground C base D root
8 A notified B expressed C informed D addressed
9 A caught B occupied C held D contained
10 A significance B meaning C definition D sense
11 A place B grade C position D stage
12 A watching for B looking for C brining up D waiting on
13 A support B aid C contribute D assist
14 A avoids B obstructs C prevents D evades
15 A over B across C down D along

WRITING
Preparation
Task 8. Complete this letter of application with the words from the box.
skills responsible qualifications interview
experience CV apply advertisement

November, 6,2011
Dear Sir or Madame,
I would like to 1 ____________ for the position of assistant at your
art gallery. I saw your 2 _________ in The Guardian on September
12.
As you will see from my 3 __________ , I have all the 4 _________
you require: a degree in art history and several certificates in
foreign languages. I also have five years` 5 ___________ of similar
work at a small local gallery in my home town, Leeds. While
working there, I was 6____________ for contacts with buyers, both
face to face and via the Internet.
My computer 7 __________ include using all the applications in
both MS Office and Open Office.
I look forward to an opportunity to meet with you in person. Please
contact me at any of the email addresses or telephone numbers
listed in the CV to arrange for an 8 _________ .
Yours faithfully,
Mary Collins
Mary Collins

Task 9. Match the sentence beginnings 1-5 with the endings a-e.
1. The job involves … a. a group of five people/cleaning
the office/ all the correspondence

45
1. You will be responsible
for …
3. We require …
4. You will work …
5. You will earn …
b. in a team/ (in) shifts
c. up to $ 300 a week/ a weekly
wage of $ 200
d. working long hours/ looking after
children/ a lot of travelling
e. good references/ healthy, hard-
working young people

Task 10. Read the part of a letter below from Mr Black, applying for a
job.

Exam Tips:
• Part One counts for one third of the total marks in the Writing Test.
• You should spend no more than 15 minutes on Part One.
• You will be asked to write a note, memo, email or message to one or
more people in your company.
• The first bullet point of the instructions outlines the situation.
• The second bullet point tells you what you should write, who you are
writing it for, and the points that must be included.
• It is the best to follow the order of the points that are required, as you
will lose marks if you leave out any of them.
Planning:
• Read the instructions carefully so that you know what to do, and
underline the key words.
Writing:
• Express yourself briefly and clearly. For a memo or an email you don’t
need to include TO, FROM, DATE or SUBJECT
• After you have completed the letter, check it for mistakes and make
improvements. If you want to add something use the sign *. Don’t rewrite the
whole sentence.

With reference to your advertisement in The Guardian, I am writing to apply

 for the post of training assistant.
I am moving to your country next month with my wife. As you will see from
the enclosed CV, I have had a lot of experience in training and feel that I
have much to offer your company.
If I am selected for Interview, please could you give me information about
how to reach your office by public transport?

Write a letter to Mr Black:

• acknowledging his letter
• offering him a date and time for an interview
• requesting the names and addresses of at least two referees
• telling him the best way to reach you by public transport
Write 60-80 words.

SPEAKING
PART ONE
Exam Tips:
• In this part of the text you answer questions about yourself and about
business topics, and express opinions.
• Make sure you answer what the examiner asks you. Ask the
examiner to repeat a question if necessary. Speak to both the examiner
and the other candidate, and listen to what the other candidate says.
• Try to give more than just basic answers, and give examples to show
what you mean.
• Remember that you are being tested on your ability to speak English,
not your knowledge of specific areas of business. If you don’t know the
answer, say so and try to speculate.

Task 11. The interview – about 3 minutes.

In part one of the speaking test, the interlocutor asks each candidates
questions in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express
personal opinion on the given subject.

47
 Developing your speaking skills
1. Practise answering these questions.
ü What types of business are most successful in your home town?
ü Which aspects of business interested you most?
ü What training would you most like to have in the future?
ü Do you think companies should provide training for all staff?
ü Is It better to attend a full-time or part-time training course?

Task 12. Study the following groups of words. All the words in a group
can be used to described a particular aspect of company organisation.
Add the words which appear in the box to one of the groups. The first
answer has been done for you.

supervisor is in charge of administrative

partnership deals with staff
subsidiary reports to clerical
headquarters is made up of manager
section is divided into employee
public limited company department

Location head office Branch

main office ……………..
………………

Company status limited liability

co-operative
incorporated
………………..
………………..
Company structure it consists of division
it is broken down into ………………
……………………. ……………….
……………………..
 People director owner
vice president employer
the board ……………….
…………………. ………………
………………….
Job description managerial
executive
supervisory
……………….
………………….
Job function is responsible for
is run by
…………………
works with
is involved in
…………………..
assists
is responsible to

Task 13. Now prepare and give a short presentation about your
company or a company that you know. Try to use some of the language
you have practiced recently.
2.
Useful language
I`d like to talk to you about/ I`d like to say a few words about
I`ll be dealing with/I`ll divide my talk into
First of all/ Firstly/ Then/Next
Finally/To sum it up/ In conclusion
If there are any questions, I am happy to answer them

PART TWO

49
 Exam Tips:
• In this part of the test you give a short talk (approximately 1 minute)
on a business topic.
• You choose one of three topics.
• You have one minute to prepare your ideas. Make brief notes to give
you a structure and some key words.
• When you talk, make the structure clear, use linking words to
introduce each section.
• You will have to ask the other candidate a question about their
presentation after they have spoken.

Task 14. Mini-presentation – about 5 minutes

In this part of the test, you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic.
You have to choose one of the topics from the three given below and then
talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas.
Support your arguments with examples.

A What is important when …?

Interviewing candidates for a job
• Personal qualities
• Qualification
•

B What is important when…?

Organising a training programme
• Availability
• Costs
•

C What is important when…?

Giving a presentation
 • Preparing materials carefully
• Keeping calm
•

When you have given your presentation, your partner will ask you a question
about what you have said. Here are some questions they may ask you:
ü What did you mean when you said…?
ü What is the most important thing you would be looking for?
ü What makes a good interviewer?
ü What sort of presentations have you given?

PART THREE
Exam Tips:
• In this part of the test you work with the other candidate. The
examiner gives you a scenario and a task to discuss. You need to have a
serious discussion of the task, with the type of interaction which would be
appropriate to a work environment.
• You have about 30 seconds to prepare your ideas. Ask the examiner
anything you are unsure of.
• Listen to the other candidate and respond to what they say. Do not
just give your own opinions, agree with the other candidate.
• Try to make more than just basic comments.
• Following your discussion, the examiner will ask you questions on the
same topic. Develop your answers, give examples to show what you mean.

Discussion – about 5 minutes

Task 15. In this part of the test, you are given a discussion topic. You
have 30 seconds to look at this prompt card and then about 3 minutes
to discuss the topic with your partner.

51
 Your company has decided to produce an in-house newsletter for staff.
You have been asked to co-ordinate the project.
Discuss the situation, and decide:
• what kind of articles and information should be included
• who should be asked to contribute to the newsletter on a regular or
occasional basis

The interlocutor will then ask you some follow-up questions. Here are some
questions you may be asked:
ü Do you think in-house newsletters are useful? Why?
ü Who do you think should control the content of a newsletter?
ü What risks might there be in allowing staff to write letters to be
published in a newsletter?

EXAM TASK
READING AND WRITING (1 hours 30 minutes)
READING
PART ONE
Questions 1-7
• Look at the statements below and the views about improvement
processes on the opposite page.
• Which company (A, B, C or D) does each sentence 1-7 refer to?
• For each sentence 1-7, mark one letter (A, B. C or D) on your Answer
Sheet.
• You will need to use some of the letters more than once.

Example:
0 You will probably be happy about some of the innovations that your new
manager introduces
(Answer: A)

1. You may be able to explore your career development opportunities with

your new manager:
2. You may need to point out why certain procedures are in place.
3. You might help your new manager to feel relaxed when they take up the
position.
4. You should resist taking on extra tasks which you do not consider part of
your role.
5. You may need help in settling differences with your new manager.
6. Don’t encourage colleagues to become hostile towards your new manager.
7. A new manager may benefit from your knowledge of conventions and
attitudes within the company.

A If you are a personal assistant, getting a new manager may mean that
your job will probably change as well. The new person is likely to have
different ideas about how things should be done, and you may well find that
some of these are for the better. But remember that the new boss might be
feeling nervous. If you treat their first day in the job as though it's your own
first day, too, it will ease the transition for them, and benefit you both.

B Your new manager may have different ideas from your previous one
about personal habits, such as eating at your desk, and you will have to
accept that. Their changes may not always be appropriate or helpful,
however. It could be that you are asked to open the post later on in the day,
when you know that it is important to get it sorted first thing. In this case,
rather than grumbling about it and spreading discontent around the office,
explain if there is a genuine reason for a particular way of working.

53
C If your new manager has joined the company from outside, they will be
on a steep learning curve. You can really show your worth by bringing them
up to speed on the company history and culture. The appointment of a new
manager is also the ideal opportunity for you to discuss your prospects for
training and promotion with them, though raising the subject on their first
day is unlikely to give them a good impression of you.

D If you are concerned about changes that your new manager wants to
make to your job, first check your job description, if you have one, then
speak to him or her calmly about it. If work is being put your way that is
someone else's responsibility, say so. Make it clear what you believe to be
the limits of your job. Ideally, the two of you will come to an agreement that
suits both parties. Failing that, consider contacting the human resources
department to see if it can act as mediator.

PART TWO
Questions 8-12
• Read the article on the opposite page about the marketing guru
Theodore Levitt.
• Choose the best sentence from below to fill each of the gaps.
• For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A - G) on your Answer Sheet.
• Do not use any letter more than once.
• There is an example at the beginning, (0).

Dress Codes
The dotcom boom at the end of last century affected greatly our
behaviour at work. Industry observers have commented for years about the
more relaxed style of the hi-tech start-up companies. Flat structures and a
very informal communication style are two symptoms of this style which can
be observed from within one of these companies. (0)___E___.
For years a dark suit, a plain white shirt and a small choice of ties have
been the corporate uniform of man at work. (8) ______. Large organisations
even had a written dress code, which specified the limited range of colours
and styles that the employer could choose from. Only in the so-called creative
industries such as advertising were employees encouraged to show their
individuality.
Towards the end of the twentieth century, we began to see the earliest
signs that the days of corporate conformity were coming to an halt. Some
companies introduced casual Fridays on which employees could celebrate
the approaching weekend by discarding their suits and ties and putting on
chinos and sports shirts. (9) _______ .
These developments move at different speeds in different parts of the
world. The impetus, as with many business trends, comes from America, and
it is here that you are most likely to see the above-mentioned jeans and T-
shirt worn by the CEO of a Silicon Valley-based electronics multinational.
(10)_______. The fooling in these institutions is that they still need to adapt to
the customers' cultures rather than impose their own.
Business demeanour is not only influenced by the States. Climate and
culture also play a great role in that. In many Asian cultures, business people
dress conservatively but, if it's hot, they do not feel obliged to wear jackets.
(11) ________. The chic little black dress might be the ultimate in good dress
sense to a personal assistant in France or Belgium, but much too flimsy for a
businessperson educated in a Muslim community.
For the international business person, the best advice is probably to err
on the side of conservatism. (12) ______. We need to be aware of the signals
we send through our dress. The regimental tic might be a badge of honour for
the traditional English male but could be considered old-fashioned military
posturing by the younger generation.

A However, in many cases jeans and T-shirts were not encouraged at that
time.
B Looking too smart k definitely preferable to appearing too casual.
C Dress is a sign of the internal culture of the organisation.
D In contrast, European companies often make distinctions between staff
who work face-to-face with customers as opposed to the back-office boys.
55
E Women joining these companies were expected to conform by wearing
dark suits and conservative blouses.
F In addition, businesswomen in many countries continue to wear traditional
dross and may be offended by Western women who they feel are dressed
provocatively.
G The most visible external sign of this relaxed style the way that most
employees tend to dress down.

PART THREE
Questions 13-18

How to approach Reading Test Part Three

• In this part of the Reading Test you read a longer text and answer six
questions.
• First read the questions.Try to get an idea of what the text will be
about. Then read the text quickly for general understanding.
• Then read the text and questions more car efully, choosing the best
answer to each question. Do not choose an answer just because you can
see the same words m the text.

• Read the article below about a fast-food chain and the questions
on the opposite page.
• For each question 13-18. mark one letter (A. B, C or D) on your
Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
GETTING STRESSED IN THE WORKPLACE
Stress is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure. It is
not a disease. But if stress is intense and goes on for a long time, it can lead
to mental and physical ill health (e.g., depression, nervous breakdown, heart
disease). Being under pressure can often improve performance, but when
demands and pressures become excessive, they lead to stress. And it’s clear
from the recognized symptoms of stress that it’s actually bad for you.
 As an employer, is it my concern? Yes. It’s your duty by law to make
sure that your employees aren’t made ill by their work. And stress can make
your employees ill. Also, action to reduce stress can be very cost-effective.
The costs of stress to your organization may show up as high staff turnover,
an increase in sickness absence, reduced work performance, poor
timekeeping and more customer complaints. Stress in one person can also
lead to stress in staff who have to cover for their colleague. Also, employers
who don’t take stress seriously may leave themselves open to compensation
claims from employees who have suffered ill health from work-related stress.
Under health and safety law, what must I do about stress? Where
stresses cause or made by work could lead to ill health, you must assess the
risk. A risk assessment for stress involves looking for pressures at work that
could cause high and long lasting levels of stress; deciding who might be
harmed by these pressures; deciding whether you are doing enough to
prevent that harm. If necessary, you must then take reasonable steps to deal
with those pressures.
Isn’t stress also caused by problems outside work? are you saying I
have to do something about that? You are not under a legal duty to prevent ill
health caused stress due to problems outside work (e.g., financial or
domestic worries). But non-work problems can make it difficult for people to
cope with the pressures of work, and their performance at work may suffer.
So being understanding to staff in this position may be in your interests.
Are some people more likely to suffer from stress than others? We are
all susceptible to stress, depending on the pressure we are under at any
given time: even people who are usually hardy. As an employer, you are
responsible for making sure that work does not make your employees ill. If
you notice that someone is particularly vulnerable because of their
circumstances, look at how their work is organized. See if there are ways to
relieve the pressure so that they do not become excessive. However, unless
you know otherwise, you can assume that all your employees are mentally
capable of withstanding reasonable pressure from work.
How do I recognize stress in a particular person? Many of the outward
signs of stress in individuals should be noticeable managers and colleagues.
57
Look in particular for changes in a person’s mood or behaviour, such as
deteriorating relationships with colleagues, irritability, indecisiveness,
absentees or reduced performance. Those suffering from stress may also
smoke or drink alcohol more than usual or even turn to drugs. They might
also complain about their health: for example, frequent headaches.

13. According to the first paragraph, the guide states that

A both stress and pressure produce bad reactions.
B there is a link between stress and other illnesses.
C stress can help you to do better.
D depression is caused by pressure.

14. Why is it important for employers to take stress seriously?

A The law requires them to make their workplaces stress-free.
B Reducing stress can be very expensive.
C Ignoring stress in employees may be expensive for organizations.
D stressed workers complain a lot.

15. According to the law, employers must

A make sure that all pressures are removed.
B implement immediate procedures to reduce stress.
C analyze the causes of illness in the workplace.
D carry out a study to identify work-related stress.

16. According to the fourth paragraph, the guide states that

A employers are not obliged to deal with non-work related health problems.
B employers must be aware of their employees’ home situations.
C stress at work may influence an employee’s home life.
D employees need to be aware of the causes of stress.

17. In the fifth paragraph, the guide states that employers

A must ensure that employees don’t fall ill because of their job.
B should organize their work carefully.
 C can help employees by reorganizing their work.
D mustn’t think that their employee can put up with stress.

18. An employer may know when employees are under stress because
A they will give a warning signal.
B the outward signs are always visible.
C consumption of cigarettes may increase.
D they are always unhappy.

PART FOUR
Questions 19-33
• Read the article about entering new markets.
• Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D below.
• For each gap 19-33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer
Sheet.

Striking the Balance

Leaving work on time may not sound like much of a (0) ____. However,
In an experiment conducted by glass manufecturers Birmingham Crystals, it
(19) _____ surprisingly difficult. Several managers, who all worked very long
hours, took (20) _____ in a simple experiment: they agreed to (21) _____ to
their set housr for a week, with no coming in early, leaving late or taking work
home. The aim of the exercise was to (22) _____ the balance between the
manager’s work and home lives. It was a way to get eveyrone thinking about
their working hours and how to (23) _____ them.
Richard Kaminski, the company’s managing director, was very aware
that his company was (24) _____ on the experiment at the busiest time of the
year. They were also just days away from a big product (25) _____. So not
surprisingly, perhaps, it soon became clear that it wasn’t going to be easy:
even on the first day, Director of Design, Rachel Blare took home a design
problem to (26) _____, so as she couldn’t relax until she had addressed it.
As the week progressed, the people involved found it hard to (27)_____
with the pressure of leaving work undone. They felt they were (28) _____
59
 people down, and worried about the effect on the business. (29)_____ crises
made it more and more difficult to go home on time. Changing working habits
was not easy. (30) _____ , they saw the experiment through to the end.
There was some (31) _____ up to do the following week, but the
company did not appear to have suffered. Significantly, too, the experiment
made the managers re-appraise their (32) _____ to staying late and start
prioritising tasks. All in all, they felt the experiment was of (33) _____ benefit,
and that it helped them to create a better balance in their lives.

Example: (Answer: B)
0 A defiance B challenge C dare D confrontation
19 A displayed B showed C proved D demonstrated
20 A control B part C effect D place
21 A keep B stay C remain D stand
22 A improve B promote C upgrade D reform
23 A diminish B reduce C drop D lessen
24 A commencinB initiating C originating D embarking
g
25 A opening B beginning C outset D launch
26 A clear out B work up C sort out D think up
27 A tackle B cope C manage D handle
28 A letting B putting C setting D cutting
29 A Rapid B Hasty C Sudden D Instant
30 A Conversely B In addition C Nevertheless D After all
31 A catching B running C taking D coming
32 A viewpoint B attitude C feeling D opinion
33 A constant B persisting C stable D lasting

PART FIVE
Questions 34-45
• Read the article about organising events.
• In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word. It is either
grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the whole
text. Some lines, however, are correct.
• If a line is correct, write CORRECT.
• If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in
CAPITAL LETTERS.
• The task begins with two examples (0) and (00)

Handling Stress at an Interview

0 Stress interviews are still common in many companies. A stress interview is
where the __CORRECT__
00 employer lines up a bunch of interviewers (one at a same time or all
together) whose mission ____SAME____
34 is to intimidate you. The purpose of this interview: to find out how you
handle the _____________
35 stress. If you find yourself facing to several interviewers who stare at you
intently, or _____________
36 who fire questions at a rude, rapid pace while someone watches at your
every move _____________
37 (waiting to see what your body language will reveals), you need to take
control of the _____________
38 interview; The best way to deal with such interviews is to ask for an
interview agenda in _____________
39 advance. Who will attend the interview? What are their jobs? Who will be
decide whether _____________
40 to hire you? These are all total reasonable questions. After all, you're
investing your time, _____________
41 and you want to know who you're going to meet. Next don't try to reform.
Be by _____________
42 yourself. Pretend you're in a department meeting and it's your turn to talk
about your work. _____________
43 if they try to stress you on purpose, make it yourself slow down and speak
calmly and _____________
44 softly. Forget about the people in the room. Remember that what matters
is not even their _____________
61
 45 questions, but the quality of your answers. If you can remain calm under
the pressure, you _____________
will have a good chance of making a good impression on the interviewer.
PRACTICE TEST 2: WRITING
PART ONE
You are a manager in a large retail company. The directors have
recently decided to introduce a staff suggestion scheme. You have been
asked to organise the introduction of the scheme.
• Write a note to your assistant:
• saying when the scheme will begin
• explaining the purpose of the scheme
• asking him to inform staff about the scheme.
• Write 40 - 50 words

NOTEPAD
To: Randy
From: Christina

PART TWO
Your company is willing to pay for you to attend a management training
course. You have received a leaflet about a suitable course.
• Read the leaflet below, on which you have already made some
handwritten notes.
• Then, using all your handwritten notes, write a proposal for your
Training Manager, explaining why you would like to attend the course.
• Write 120 - 140 words.
 An introduction to management
• Programme includes:
very useful in my job
• Planning and setting aims – explain why
• Communication skills
• Delegating work
• Two-day course
good way of working
• Maximum 20 participants

• Includes work in small groups

Sept better – say why

August 16-17 or September 20-21

Colleagues can use them

Price include notes on key topics for future use 7% reduction

if you book before mid June

Good!!! Let’s book now!

PRACTICE TEST 2: SPEAKING

PART ONE: CONVERSATION
Practice answering these questions:
Ø What do you do?
Ø Would you like to work abroad? Where?
Ø Would you like to change anything about your job/studies?
Ø What atmosphere do you work/study in?

PART TWO: INDIVIDUAL MINI-PRESENTATIONS

63
A

WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN….?

Conducting market research
- Competition
- Characteristics of sample
-
-

B
WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?
Organising a training programme
- Availability
- Costs
-
-

C
WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?
Planning a career
- Qualifications
- Future trends
-
-

PART THREE: DISCUSSION

You have been asked to select three people to interview for the post in your
company. Talk together for about two minutes about the things you think
are important about the new person. Decide which three things are the
most important.
• Experience in a similar job
• Educational qualifications
• Skills
• Age
• Interests and hobbies
• Reasons for wanting a job

Follow-up questions:
1. Have you ever interviewed someone for a job?
2. Which skills may be most important for candidate?
3. What other criteria might be important?

65