(Angela Final) Conplete Thesis

John Paul College College Of Criminology Education
Level of Performance of Police Officers During the Covid19
Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of Criminology
JOHN PAUL COLLEGE
Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
by
Casidsid, Ma. Angela F.
Frogosa, Daniela D.
i
December 2022
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled the “Level of Performance of Police Officers
During the Covid19 Pandemics in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro”
prepared and submitted by Ma. Angela F. Casidsid and Daniela D.
Frogosa in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology has been examined and
recommended for ORAL EXAMINATION.
Mrs. Mary Grace Delos Reyes
Adviser
________________________________________________________
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of______.
Dr. Ramon E. Woo Jr.
Chairman
Ms. Maybell Gonzales Dr. Lalyn G. Pupa
ii
Member Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
Acknowledgment
At the outset, the researchers would like to express their
deepest thanks to our Almighty God, the most merciful, the most
Gracious, the cherisher and sustainer of the world for giving them
courage and determination in doing this research study, despite all
difficulties.
The researchers are thankful to their parents as they could
provided and continuously encouraged her to perform well in her
studies and daily life in general. All these factors were the favorable
condition that made her to strive for the better future life.
The researchers express their deepest gratitude to their teacher,
Mrs. Lalyn Gillado Pupa, for her invaluable guidance and inputs.
Thanks for her constant help and support. It is a matter of great
pleasure to have her as a guide in the preparation of this project.

iii
The researchers would also like to thanks their friend, Polane
Gumiran, for sharing her knowledge and support to them in preparing
their thesis paper.
Dedication
This humble piece of work is wholeheartedly dedicated to the
following person:
First of all, they dedicate this study to Almighty God, who gave
strength and knowledge for everyday life.
To their parents who are always there to support their financial
and moral needs.
To Dr. Lalyn G. Pupa, for her patience and big help for her
studies.
To all relatives, friends, and classmates who are not mentioned
but are very important in their life.
iv
Table of Contents
Title Page No.
Cover Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgment iii
Dedication iv
Table of Contents v
Chapter I The Problem and Its Background
Introduction 1-4
Theoretical Framework 5-6
Conceptual Framework 7
Statement of the Problem 8
v
Statement of Hypothesis 9
Significance of the Study 9
Scope and Delimitation 10
Definition of Terms 10-11
Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Literature 12
Local Literature 13
Foreign Studies 14
Local Studies 15
Chapter III Methodology
Research Design 16
vi
Respondents of the Study 17
Research Instrument 17
Data Gathering and Procedures 18
Statistical Treatment of Data 18
Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 20-32
Chapter V Summary of Findings, Conclusions and
Recommendation
Findings 33-34
Conclusion 34-35
Recommendation 35-36
References 37
Appendices
Letter of Permission for the conduct of the study 38
Questionnaires 39-44
CurriculumVitae 45-46
vii
CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Police officer’s commitment to the notion of policing by consent,
and democratic modes of policing, lies at heart of the policing model. At
the height of the pandemic, and indeed throughout, the advice was to first
engaged with public- ask individuals about their circumstances when they
are outside and listen to their responses. Second, explain the social
distancing regulations and why they are in place, including risks to public
health. Third, encourage the individuals to follow the regulations and
return home if they have no reasonable grounds to be outside. Finally, as
a last resort, officers may enforce the law, fining people for breaching the
legislation and using reasonable force to return individuals to a place of
residence. There was an emphasis on securing consent-based
compliance with the restrictions, rather than via deterrent threat.
Yet, the effect of pandemic on first responders such as the police-
though assumed to be profound- have not yet been explored more
quantified in UK (Stonger et.al 2020, c.f. Frenkel et al. 2020), police
officer’s health well-being is, by the very nature of the profession, at
increased risk compared to that of the general population even before
1
dealing with the challenges, stress and uncertainty brought about the
pandemic. (Hartley et al.2011)
As an impact of it the evaluation of performance of every Police
Officers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro where
every Police Organizations experience in responding to emergencies and
expose to a unique set of challenges in their everyday duties that
increases the risk of their health. During the pandemic, all police services
have been challenged because of the COVID-19 Pandemic where it
certainly added pressures to ensure that their members are mentally
prepared to deliver on their mandate in our current situation. The Police
Officers of Roxas, Oriental Mindoro are one of the first responders to deal
with the public citizens during high-risks situation. They were assigned to
implement the processes to provide the services that needed by the
citizens and they put their own lives in their daily interactions with the
public that may put them at risk of exposures to COVID-19.
Otherwise, every Police Officers of Roxas, Oriental Mindoro are
assigned to remind every citizens to respect the rule of social isolation or
distancing procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic to avoid putting
them at the high-risk situations. Police Officers are intended to protect
every citizen in many instances to ensure the virus is not further spread.
Police Officers and first responders to know they are not alone in meeting
2
their mental health needs when they help others. This comes on top of
existing duties as the police officers are expected to maintain order and
continue neighbourhood policing operations while under a crisis or
emergency situations.
Hence, the on-going COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions and
killed several hundred thousand people worldwide. The pandemic has,
however, not only created unforeseen and in many ways unprecedented
challenges for the public health sector but also for law enforcement
agencies. Police officers and staff are often directly or indirectly involved in
the pandemic response and have thus a higher risk of getting infected. In
addition, many governments have taken emergency measures to protect
their population and slow the spread of the virus. Such actions, including
the lockdown, travel bans, and social distancing rules are often controlled
and enforced by the police, creating additional service demand for law
enforcement agencies. This comes on top of existing duties as the police
are expected to maintain order and continue neighbourhood policing
operations, all while under a greater strain on resources.
According to Christopher, L. C., (2020) aside from performing the
already tedious duty of law enforcement operations, the Philippine
National Police (PNP) under the guidance of three different leaders has
faced an extraordinary battle this year including against unseen enemy-
3
the Corona virus disease (Covid 19) pandemic. The WHO pandemic
declaration and reports of the rising incidence of infections prompted the
Philippine government to declare a “National state of calamity” on March
16,2020. The declaration place the entire Philippines under a 6 month
emergency mode, while the whole Luzon Island was declared in an
enhanced community quarantine up to April 14,2020. Because of the
unabated rise in Covid 19 cases, the lockdown was further extended,
making it one of the longest and strictest lockdown in the world.
The Covid 19 virus outbreak showed that health emergency
such as pandemics are indeed significant national security concerns.
These draconian measures have underscored the limitations in the ability
of security and LEPS agencies to respond to such a threat. For instance,
police and coast guards units were hastily tasked with disease mitigation
as well as population and border control responsibilities. These new
missions required both agencies to organize and HOC units to respond
TOI the situation. Also, these unit are often composite, with their manning
and logistical requirements unprogrammed and their resources obtained
from existing unit allocations.
To successfully understand and manage the plethora of challenges
that emergency situations such as COVID-19 create, first responders such
as the police needs to learn from other agencies and from past
4
experiences with similar scenarios. A key mechanism for this is the review
and academic analysis of disaster management, and specifically research
focusing on public health emergencies, however, is often not practical
enough and little is known about how COVID-19 may impact policing in
the short and long-term. The COVID-19 pandemic have been presented
additional stressors to the police officers of Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, most
of them are appreciative of the community support for them to their efforts
that maintain a positive mind set to get through their situations.
5
Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on the following theories:
1. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and extended Theory of
Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Janmaimool introduced the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)
and extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). These theories
analyzed factors affecting the perceived effectiveness of Covid-19
prevention measures during the 2020 global pandemic. Finally, the
integrated Protection Motivation Theory and extended Theory of Planned
Behaviour can be applied and extended to evaluate the perceive
effectiveness of COVID-19 measures in other countries that are currently
dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Based on PMT, when individuals encounter a threatening event,
they are a primarily motivated to engaged in protective behaviour.
According to previous research, individuals believe that performing
preventive behaviour can reduce the threat that comes with a lock of
action. (Hung et al.,2018). During a global crisis, providing reliable and
6
accurate information is essential. Early knowledge of the outbreak can
help to illustrate the public’s risk behaviour and how they perceived it.
2. Classical School Theory
The Classical School Criminologists believe that people are rational,
intelligent beings who exercise free will or the ability to make choices.
People calculate the costs and benefits of their behavior before they act.
In the same way, children who skip school first determine the likelihood of
getting caught against the potential fun they have. Similarly, juveniles who
rape weight the pleasure they imagine they will have against being
arrested, prosecuted, convicted and sent to prison. Because behavior is a
conscious decision people make. They must be, held accountable for their
actions and their consequences.
The above theories are related to the given study because it
explains how does citizen of the community respond in a particular
situation like Covid 19 pandemic.
7
Conceptual Framework
Based on the foregoing theories and principles, the conceptual
framework is hereby presented
IV DV
Factors affecting the Level of Police Officers’
Performance of Police
officers in Roxas during Performance during
Covid19 pandemic in terms
of: covid 19 pandemic in
1.1Behavior of Citizen Roxas in terms of:
1.2 Manpower 2.1Implementation
1.3 Resources 2.2Coodrdination
2.3 Crime Prevention
Implications
8
Figure 1.The conceptual model of study showing the relationship of
variables from one another.
The diagram above shows the variables of the given study. The
study has two variables. The independent variable consists of Factors
affecting the Performance of Police officer in Roxas during Covid 19
pandemic in terms of Behavior of Citizen, Man power and Resources. The
dependent variables pertain to the Level of Police Officer Performance
during covid 19 pandemic in Roxas in terms of Implementation,
Coordination, Crime Prevention.
This implied that the dependent variables and independent
variables have significant relationship. The Factors affecting the
Performance of Police officer in Roxas during Covid 19 pandemic in terms
of Behavior of Citizen, Man power and Resources has a significant
relationship to the Level of Police Officer Performance during covid 19
pandemic in Roxas in terms of Implementation, Coordination, Crime
Prevention.
9
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the Level of Performance of Police
officer during Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the factors affecting the Performance of Police officer in
Roxas during Covid 19 pandemic in terms of:
1.1 Behavior of Citizen;
1.2 Man power;
1.3 Resources ;
2. What is the level of Police Officers’ performance during Covid 19
pandemic in terms of:
10
2.1 Implementation;
2.2 Coordination;
2.3 Crime Prevention;
3. What is the implications of the findings of study?
Significance of the study
The researchers believed that this study would benefit the
following:
Police officers. This study would serve as additional information about
the current health crisis facing by the country that will lead them easily
copes up with their duties.
Professors. This study would help the instructors and teachers to guide
their students that would benefit their health security.
11
Present Researchers. This study would be beneficial to the present
researchers. This study may be one of the bases of new theory in learning
that will arise.
Future Researchers. This study will serve as a guide for future
researchers to provide background on the related field or study for more
satisfying way of research
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
The study was about the evaluation of performance of police
officers during Covid 19 pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. The
respondents of this study are the 50 selected residence who witness how
the Police Officers work during pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.
The study was conducted at the Municipality of Roxas, Oriental
Mindoro from December 2022.
12
Definition of terms
In order to achieve clarity and understanding throughout the study
the researcher hereby defines the following terms operationally.
PANDEMIC- is a type of epidemic with a greater range and coverage.
PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES- it refers to a threat or natural hazard
that cannot be responded to by ordinary, existing resources and
procedures, and thus extraordinary measures are needed to be taken to
address the threat it poses to public health.
POLICE OFFICER- it is the policeman/policewoman.
MENTALLY PREPARED- in the study, it refers to the act of mentally
preparing onself for a performance that required a lot of practice and
preparation is required to achieve the desired outcome.
IMPLEMENTATION- In the study it is under the independent variable
used to measure the level of extent of Police Officer Performance during
Covid 19 pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro. It also refers to an act of
implementing something.
13
COORDINATION- In the study it is under the independent variable used
to measure the level of extent of Police Officer Performance during Covid
19 pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro. It also the process of organizing
people so that they work together properly.
MANPOWER- In the study it is under the dependent variable used to
measure the degree of the Factors affecting the Police Officer
Performance during Covid 19 pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro. It is
power supplied by the physical effort of human beings.
CRIME PREVENTION- In the study, it is described as the attempt to
reduce and deter crimes and criminals. It is applied specifically to efforts
made by governments to reduce crime, enforce law, and maintain criminal
justice.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
14
According to Kola and Shuja (2019) the novel coronavirus was
formally declared a global health pandemic by World Health organization.
It also stated that it has a significant impact on the well-being of our
communities and law enforecement agency, who face a unique challenges
created by this global public health crisis.
Rosthstein (2019) stated that Local and State Law enforcement is
often tasked with explaining and enforcing health safety measures in the
community.
Stogner et al., (2020) c.f. Frenkel et al. (2020) stated that the
ministry of Public Security issued a Handbook for Public Security
Policemen to protect their physical and mental health at work during the
COVID-19 outbreak.(The Ministry of Public Security of the People’s
Republic of China, 2020). Yet the effect of the pandemic on first
responders such as the police – though assumed to be profound – have
not yet been explored nor quantified. Police officer health and well-being
is, by the very nature of the profession, at increased risk compared to that
of the general population even before dealing with the
challenges, stress and uncertainty brought about by the pandemic. The
factor that is relevant to the current pandemic has been linked to police
officer well-being and/or adherence to democratic policing at times of
15
emergency. These are the context within which police are operating in at
the time of the crisis.
Local Literature
Narisma,G. et al.(2016) reviewed that as usual, solutions office by
the police had to respect the rights of those affected, officers were to use
force proportionately and only when necessary, and in the line with
premises of procedural just policing. Officers were instructed to behave in
as open, honest and respectful manner as possible. But their responsibility
for maintaining public safety, risk of exposure to the virus through
interactions with the community, and the concern of exposing family
members, on top of operating within a fast changing and unclear
legislative framework characterized by uncertainty, might have led police
officers to question their very commitment to such democratic modes of
policing. Indeed, police misconduct has been associated with increases in
organizational stressors of this kind.
Arollado, (2019) said that since the identities are also, of course,
formed in institutional context, we might also expect perception of the
16
government response to be associated with the officers’ identification as
police. Here, though, the potential relationship may be more complicated.
On the one hand, pride and emotional attachment to the police
organization may be promoted by a sense that it is part of a successful
collective effort against the virus. Social psychological research on the role
of social identity processes in mass emergency behaviour that has shown
that a sense of common fate is the source of emergent shared social
identity.
Santiago, M.A., (2020) stated that additional anxiety that could
have been induced as police officers were expected to implement new
policies to ensure social distancing, while stay-at-home directives were
challenged on political, economic, and legal grounds.
Foreign Related Studies
Kumar, T.K., (2021) revealed in his study about Role of police in
preventing the spread of Covid-19 through social distancing, quarantine
and lockdown: An evidence-based comparison of outcomes across two
districts that Police efforts at non-medical interventions reduce the spread
of the disease. The study also includes that, in
17
contrast to mere enforcement of public health laws and regulations, the
strategic use of resources is an important factor in achieving better
outcomes.
Laufs, J. and Waseem, Z. (2020) found out on his study that police
officers required to switch between different and diverse responsibilities
such as enforcing lockdown restrictions, crime control and response, and
public order maintenance. Moreover, the police might also play a
significant role in harm reduction activities to prevent the spread of
infection.
Shanin M. and Kamkar K. (2020) revealed in their study that
balancing the reality of policing a rapidly changing socio-political
environment with the expectations of the public is particularly difficult to
manage during a national emergency that is also global in scope. The
public’perception of the police’s ability to ensure public safety.
Local Studies
Reyes et al. (2020) revealed in their study that at the time when the
operations of the Police Officers shifted widely, were activated in the fight
against the virus and the authority of the Government waxed and waned
18
as a result of (mis)handling of the crisis). They were asked to take a new
role as a public health worker that enforces a constantly
evolving set of laws and guidelines.
Morales, M.P., (2020) said that officers’ attitudes and behaviours
towards policing may thus stem from identification with the police or
organization and internalization of values it presents to itself and its
members: in the UK, this includes that physical force should be used
proportionately and only when necessary; and that policing should be
delivered in as open, honest, and respectful manner as possible.
Abad G., (2020) found in his study that at the threshold that
democratic policing is a multidimensional construct, and as such can often
be very broadly defined. But at its core is the idea that the police are
democratic when they’re publicly accountable, subject to the rule of the
law, and respectful of human dignity.
19
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the procedures adapted by the researchers
about the details on the researcher design, sources of data, population of
the study, instrumentation and validation, data gathering procedure, and
statistical treatment of data applied in order to come up with this study.
Research Design
The researchers used the Descriptive Research design. This is
designed to obtain information from a large number of people and/or
people who may not have the time to attend an interview or take part in
experiments.
The Descriptive research design that aims to systematically obtain
information to describe a phenomenon, situation, or population.
20
It is also allows the researcher to study and describe the
distribution of one or more variables, without regard to any casual or other
hypotheses.
In this method, researchers enable people to take their time, think
about it and come back to the questionnaire later. Respondents can state
their views or feelings privately without worrying about the possible
reaction of the researcher.
Questionnaires contain attitude scales questions. Questionnaires
can be administered in a number of different ways (e.g. sent by post, as
email attachments or private message in social media accounts, posted
on Internet sites, handed out personally or administered to captive
audience (such as people attending conferences).
It aimed to determine the evaluation of performance of Police
officer in Covid19 pandemic at Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.
Respondents of the study
21
The study aimed to determine the level of Police officers performance
during Covid 19 pandemic and the degree of the Factors affecting the
Performance of Police officer in Roxas during Covid 19 pandemic.
The respondents of the study were composed of 50 selected
residence who witness how the Police Officers work during pandemic in
Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. Random sampling technique was used in the
study.
Research Instrumentation
The researchers used non-standardized questionnaire consisting of
two parts. Part one focused on the Level of the Factors Affecting the
Performance of ; part two was on Police Officers during Covid 19
Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro Performance of Police Officers
during Covid 19 Pandemic. Since the questionnaire was non-
standardized, it was subjected to the face and content validity. It was
presented to the research advisers for their comments and suggestions.
After some modifications, it was presented to the criminology adviser for
final approval and it was distributed to the target respondents.
22
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers wrote a letter to the Municipal officers to ask for their
permission to gather or conduct a research.
After securing the said permit, the researchers distributed to the
respondents the questionnaires and explained to them what are they
going to do and what the study is all about.
Statistical Treatment of Data
Data gathered were tallied, organized and analyzed using the most
appropriate statistical tool such as Frequency and Mean. The researchers
also sought the help of their adviser in interpreting the results.
The formula for the getting the mean is as follows:
X= € fd
Where:
X= is the given mean
f= is the number of occurrences
€fd= is the total sum of product
€N= is the total number of occurrences.
23
Evaluation and Scoring
To determine the Level of Police officers performance during Covid
19 pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro the following measures were
used:
Assigned Points Numerical Ranges Interpretation
5 4:50 - 5.00 Very High
4 3:50 - 4.49 High
3 2:50 - 3.49 Moderate
2 1:50 - 2.49 Low
1 1:01 - 1.49 Very Low
24
To determine the degree of Factors Affecting the Police
Performance during Covid 19 pandemic, the following measures were
used:
Assigned Points Range Interpretation
1 1:01 - 1:49 Very low
2 1:50 - 2:49 Low
3 2:50 - 3:49 Moderate
4 3:50 - 4:49 High
5 4:50 - 5:00 Very High
25
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered by the
researcher.
PART 1: FACTORS AFFECTING THE POLICE PERFORMANCE
DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC
1.1 Behavior of citizen
Statement Mean Rank Interpretatio

n
1. Citizen cooperates to the police 4.30 3 High
officer implementing laws on
pandemic.
2. Citizens are following the health 4.26 4 High
safety precautions implemented
by the police officers in
accordance to the covid-19
threat.
26
3. Citizens below 21 years old and 4.53 1 High

60 above do not go out as a
respond to the pandemic law.
4. Citizen did not stay outside on 4.20 5 High
10’oclock in the evening
onwards conforming to curfew
ordinance of the PNP.
5. Citizens got vaccination as 4.40 2 High
ordered by the government with
the cooperation of police
officers to prevent the spread of
the virus.
OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 4.30 High
Table 1.1 revealed the Factors Affecting the Police Performance
During Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of Behavior of Citizen.
It can be discovered from table 1.1 that item three (3) which stated
that Citizens below 21 years old and 60 above do not go out as a respond
to the pandemic law got the highest mean of 4.53 described as high.
Meanwhile, the item four (4) that stated, Citizen did not stay outside on
10’oclock in the evening onwards conforming to curfew ordinance of the
PNP got the lowest mean of 4.20 described as high.
The overall mean computed was 4.30 described as high. This
result showed that the Factors Affecting the Police Performance During
Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of Behavior of Citizen was high. It further
27
revealed that behavior of citizen highly affects the Police Performance
During Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.
1.2Manpower
Statement Mean Rank Interpretatio

n
1. The police officers and 4.46 2 High
citizens properly observed
the restricted mobility of
people as well as the
operational capacity of
businesses.
2. Police officers and municipal 4.13 4 High
officials contribute to the
planning and response
efforts to support the
continued functioning of the
society.
3. PNP and municipal officials 4.60 1 High
strengthen the partnership
between law enforcement
agencies, local peace and
order in the community
during pandemic.
28
4. Police officers expand 4 5 High

systems for responding to
crime and emergencies.
5. Police officers authoritatively 4.40 3 High
but respectfully implement
and follow the law
enforcement.
Table 1.2 showed the Factors Affecting the Police Performance
During Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of Manpower.
It can be gathered from table 1.2 that item three (3) which stated
that PNP and municipal officials strengthen the partnership between law
enforcement agencies, local peace and order in the community during
pandemic got the highest mean of 4.60 described as high. Meanwhile, the
item four (4) that denoted Police officers expand systems for responding
to crime and emergencies got the lowest mean of 4 described as high.
result implied that the Factors Affecting the Police Performance During
29
Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of manpower was high. It further
denotes that manpower highly affects the Police Performance During
Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.
1.3 Resources
Statement Mea Rank Interpretatio

n n
1. The police officers have 4.43 2 High
provided tarpaulins that
advertise the recommended
safety precautions to prevent
the spread of viruses.
2. The PNP and other agencies 4.23 4 High
provide protective gear such as
infrared thermometers, masks,
hand sanitizing wipes and hand
30
sanitizer in every establishment.

3. The PNP have funded for 4.53 1 High
decontamination of police
facilities and equipment.
4. The PNP have direct 4.23 4 High
communication on the
Department of Health regarding
with the supply and
recommended health safety
protocols during pandemic.
5. The police officers have 4.30 3 High
continuous supply of safety
precautions equipment during
pandemic
Table 1.3 showed the Factors Affecting the Police Performance
During Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of Resources.
It can be revealed from table 2.3 that item three (3) which stated
that The PNP have funded for decontamination of police facilities and
equipment got the highest mean of 4.53 described as high. Meanwhile,
both the item two (2) and four (4) that stated The PNP and other agencies
provide protective gear such as infrared thermometers, masks, hand
sanitizing wipes and hand sanitizer in every establishment and The PNP
31
have direct communication on the Department of Health regarding with the
supply and recommended health safety protocols during pandemic got the
lowest mean of 4.23 described as high.
The overall mean computed was 4.34 described as high. This result
implied that the Factors Affecting the Police Performance During Covid 19
Pandemic in terms of resources was high. It further showed that resources
highly affects the Police Performance During Covid 19 Pandemic in
Roxas, Oriental Mindoro
PART 2. LEVEL OF POLICE OFFICER PERFORMANCE DURING
COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ROXAS ORIENTAL MINDORO.
2.1 Implementation
Statement Mean Rank Interpretation

1. Police officer implement laws during 4.46 1 High
pandemic with due care.
32
2. The police officers are ensuring the 4.26 3 High

centrality of human rights while
implementing the health protocols
during pandemic.
3. Police officers communicate 4.46 1 High
regularly with the Roxas residence
about health protocol order by
announcing in every barangay about
rules and regulations.
4. Police officers are strictly 4.16 4 High
implementing the use of health
safety measures in public gathering.
5. The police officers of Roxas always 4.43 2 High
take risk just to implement the health
policy.
Table 2.1 showed the level of Police Officers Performance During
Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro in terms of
implementation.
It can be gleaned from table 2.1 that both item one (1) and item
three (3) which stated that Police officers implement laws during pandemic
with due care and Police officers communicate regularly with the Roxas
33
residence about health protocol order by announcing in every barangay
about rule and regulations got the hughest mean of 4.46 describes as
high. Meanwhile, the item four (4) which stated Police officers are strictly
implementing the use of health safety measures in public gathering got the
lowest mean of 4.16 describes as high.
The overall mean computed was 4.35 describes as high. This
result implied that tge Roxas Police Officers are highly implementing laws
During Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.
2.2 Coordination
Statement Mean Rank Interpretation
34
1. Police officers are 4.46 2 High

coordinating properly with the
barangay and municipal
officials regarding the
effectiveness of health
protocols policy including the
consequences of the
violators.
2. The police officers are 4.36 3 High
working together with the
municipality officials to
effectively address the
COVID-19 threat.
3. Police officers communicate 4.36 3 High
with and educate employees
on how to protect themselves
and on measures in
accordance with pandemic
law.
4. Police officers helping with 4.26 4 High
the municipality officials to
promote messaging to the
community with public health
orders.
5. Police officers and citizens 4.53 1 High
are promoting messages of
gratitude and support law
enforcement through social
media campaigns.
OVERALL WEIGTHED MEAN 4.39 High
Table 2.2 revealed that the Level of Police Officers Performance
During Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro in terms of
coordination.
35
It can be determined from table 2.2 that the five (5) which stated
that Police officers and citizens are promoting messages of gratitude and
support law enforcement through social media campaigns got tge highest
mean of 4.53 described as very high. Meanwhile, tge item four(4) that
states Police officers helping with the municipality officials to promote
messaging to the community with public health orders got the lowest
mean of 4.26 described as high.
The overall mean computed was 4.39 decribed as high. This result
implied that the level of Police Officers Performance During Covid19
Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro in terms of coordination was high.
36
Statement Mea Rank Interpretatio

n n
1. The police officers are still on 4.53 3 High
duty focusing on monitoring
crime suspects while
implementing the pandemic
laws.
2. The police officers are 4.36 4 High
maintaining the daily visiting
around the community as they
implement the curfew
ordinance.
3. The police officers establish 4.60 2 High
continuity policies
implemented during the
pandemic.
4. Police officers plan the 4.16 5 High
allocation of resources to
protect employees and
customers.
5. The police officers are on 5 1 High
hands in crime prevention due
to pandemic laws.
Table 2.3 showed the level of Police Officers Performance During
Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro in terms of crime
prevention.
37
It can be gathered from table 2.3 that the item five (5) which stated
that The police officers are on hands in crime prevention due to pandemic
laws got the highest mean of five (5) described as high. Meanwhile, the
item four(4) that stated Police officers plan the allocation of resources to
protect employees and customers got the lowest mean of 4.16 described
as high.
result implied that the Level of Police Officers Performance During Covid
Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro in terms of crime prevention.
38
3. What are the implications of the findings of the study?
1. The Police Performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental
Mindoro is greatly influenced by the behavior of the citizen.
2. During Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, police
performance is highly affected by citizen manpower.
3. The Police officers Performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas,
Oriental Mindoro is significantly affected by the resources.
4. The Level of Police Officer Performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in
Roxas Oriental Mindoro in terms of implementation was Highly by the
locals.
5. The Level of Police Officers coordination during Covid 19 pandemic in
Roxas, Oriental Mindoro was widely acknowledged by the locals.
6. The Level of Police Officers performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in
Roxas Oriental Mindoro in terms of crime prevention was Highly
recognized by the locals.
39
CHAPTER V
Summary of findings, Conclusions, and Recommendation
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion and
recommendations of the study that are formulated by the researcher.
FINDINGS
1. That concerning the Factors Affecting the Police Performance During
Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of Behavior of Citizen, the overall mean
computed was 4.30 described as high.
Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of manpower, the overall mean computed
was 4.31 described as high. Therefore, during Covid 19 Pandemic in
Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, police performance is highly affected by citizen
manpower.
Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of resources, the overall mean computed
40
was 4.34 described as high. Therefore Police officers Performance
during Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro is significantly
affected by the resources.
4. That concerning to the Level of Police Officer Performance During Covid
19 Pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro in terms of implementation, the
overall mean computed was 4.35 described as high. Therefore, the Level
of Police Officer Performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas
Oriental Mindoro in terms of implementation was high by the locals.
5. That concerning to the Level of Police Officer Performance During Covid
19 Pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro in terms of coordination, the
overall mean computed was 4.39 described as high. Therefore, the Level
of Police Officers coordination during Covid 19 pandemic in Roxas,
Oriental Mindoro was widely acknowledged by the locals.
6. That concerning to the Extent of Police Officer Performance During Covid
19 Pandemic in Roxas Oriental Mindoro in terms of crime prevention, the
overall mean computed was 4.80 described as high. Therefore, the
Level of Police Officers performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in
Roxas Oriental Mindoro in terms of crime prevention was Highly
recognized by the locals.
41
CONCLUSION
Based from the findings of the studies, the following conclusions were:
1. The Factors Affecting the Police Performance During Covid 19
Pandemic in terms of behavior of citizen was high. Therefore, Police
Performance during Covid 19 Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro is
greatly influenced by the behavior of the citizen.
Pandemic in terms of manpower was high.
Pandemic in terms of resources was high.
4. The citizens of Roxas Oriental Mindoro was very high to the level of
Police Officer Performance During Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of
implementation.
coordination.
42
crime prevention.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Since the Factors Affecting the Police Performance During Covid
19 Pandemic in terms of behavior of citizen was high, the
researchers recommends that the people should be responsible in
following the health policy.
19 Pandemic in terms of manpower was high, the researchers
recommended that the police officers must reinforce a proper
discipline to the citizen to avoid the spread-out of Covid 19.
19 Pandemic in terms of resources was high, the researchers
recommends that the police officers/ citizens should find ways to
make the environment safe from infection of corona virus and
conducive for living freely.
43
4. Since the citizens of Roxas Oriental Mindoro was high to the level
of Police Officer Performance During Covid 19 Pandemic
in terms of implementation, the researchers recommends that the
police officers should maintain their practices in implementing
health-related policy to prevent the spread of corona virus.
5. Since the citizens of Roxas Oriental Mindoro was high to the level
of Police Officer Performance During Covid 19 Pandemic in terms
of coordination, the researchers recommends that the police
officers must continue in having nice coordination with the
community to keep the citizen-police officers good relationship
mostly in following health policy.
6. Since the citizens of Roxas Oriental Mindoro was High to the level
of Police Officer Performance During Covid 19 Pandemic in terms
of crime prevention, the researchers recommends that the police
officers have to be required to keep in performing their duty to
prevent crime.
44
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chan, et al.(2020).Health Policy, retrieved on December 5,2022 from:
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/healthprotocol.com
Nheil, A.(2016).Background on police performance in pandemic, retrieved
on December 5,2022 from: https://www-
accid.Anal,prev.2015;59:3822F.com
Fancourt, D.(2018).Effects of pandemic to the policy implementation,
December 5,2022 from: https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.quora.com%2FWhatistheeffectofcovid19tohealthprotoclspolice
%3Ffbclid
%3DIwAR3KEnUdpBhElIxYEHn_ubuIw3w8mIn5tvxOgOJg14317eFK4Qst
aY0fsQ&h=AT0ifdrYt9EShhH72jW39BHNkF6nwiuMwcIlEvY5vToypCVMx
45
0ZWvEm_KGI4ehym0MZhHUslw50jdoYv4peXrEnUrBH34Gndpxge4QHM
gJIflK_onAc41be0UVQP-1wB7qeA
Crest, D.(2016).The effects of covid19 on simulated drivers and travelrs
Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol.Behave, retrieved on December 25,
2022 from: http://educationblog.oup.com/category/theory-of-driving-in-the-
midsts-of-pandemic.com
Shizzard et al. (2017).The behavior of community when health protocol
implemented on ECQ, retrieved on December 5,2022 from:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-016-9737.com
Frenkel, C.(2019).An exploratory survey of police-performance on covid -
19 retrieve on December 5,2022 from:
https://is.theorizeit.org/wiki/surveyofin-policeperformnce.com
Bolisani, E. & Bratiano, C.(2018).Effects of covid19 to police officers
retrieved on December 5,2022 from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318235014Thedefinitionofpolice
performancepandemic.com
46
Survey Quetionare
PART 1: LEVEL OF POLICE OFFICER PERFORMANCE DURING
COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ROXAS, ORIENTAL MINDORO
5 -Strongly Agree(SA)
4- Agree(A)
3- Neither Agree or Disagree(NAD)
2- disagree(D)
47
1- Strongly Disagree(SD)
1.1 Implementation
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
6. Police officer implement laws during pandemic
with due care.
7. The police officers are ensuring the centrality
of human rights while implementing the health
8. Police officers communicate regularly with the
Roxas residence about health protocol order
by announcing in every barangay about rules
and regulations.
9. Police officers are strictly implementing the
use of health safety measures in public
gathering.
10. The police officers of Roxas always take risk
just to implement the health policy.
48
4- Agree(A)
2- disagree(D)
1.2 Coordination
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
49
6. Police officers are coordinating properly
with the barangay and municipal officials
regarding the effectiveness of health
protocols policy including the
consequences of the violators.
7. The police officers are working together
with the municipality officials to effectively
address the COVID-19 threat.
8. Police officers communicate with and
educate employees on how to protect
themselves and on measures in
accordance with pandemic law.
9. Police officers helping with the municipality
officials to promote messaging to the
community with public health orders.
10. Police officers and citizens are promoting
messages of gratitude and support law
enforcement through social media
campaigns.
50
4- Agree(A)
2- disagree(D)
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
6. The police officers are still on duty focusing
on monitoring crime suspects while
51
implementing the pandemic laws.
7. The police officers are maintaining the daily
visiting around the community as they
implement the curfew ordinance.
8. The police officers establish continuity
policies implemented during the pandemic.
9. Police officers plan the allocation of
resources to protect employees and
customers.
10. The police officers are on hands in crime
prevention due to pandemic laws.
52
PART 2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE POLICE PERFORMANCE
DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ROXAS, ORIENTAL MINDORO.
4- Agree(A)
2- disagree(D)
2.1 Behavior of Citizen
53
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
6. Citizen cooperates to the police officer
implementing laws on pandemic.
7. Citizens are following the health safety
precautions implemented by the police
officers in accordance to the covid-19
threat.
8. Citizens below 21 years old and 60 above
do not go out as a respond to the pandemic
law.
9. Citizen did not stay outside on 10’oclock in
the evening onwards conforming to curfew
ordinance of the PNP.
10. Citizens got vaccination as ordered by the
government with the cooperation of police
officers to prevent the spread of the virus.
54
4- Agree(A)
2- disagree(D)
2.2 Manpower
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
6. The police officers and citizens properly
observed the restricted mobility of people
as well as the operational capacity of
55
businesses.
7. Police officers and municipal officials
contribute to the planning and response
efforts to support the continued functioning
of the society.
8. PNP and municipal officials strengthen the
partnership between law enforcement
agencies, local peace and order in the
community during pandemic.
9. Police officers expand systems for
responding to crime and emergencies.
10. Police officers authoritatively but
respectfully implement and follow the law
enforcement.
56
4- Agree(A)
2- disagree(D)
2.3 Resources
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
6. The police officers have provided tarpaulins
that advertise the recommended safety
precautions to prevent the spread of
viruses.
7. The PNP and other agencies provide
protective gear such as infrared
57
thermometers, masks, hand sanitizing
wipes and hand sanitizer in every
establishment.
8. The PNP have funded for decontamination
of police facilities and equipment.
9. The PNP have direct communication on the
Department of Health regarding with the
supply and recommended health safety
10. The police officers have continuous supply
of safety precautions equipment during
pandemic.
58
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Ma.Angela Faina Casidsid
Birthday: December 31, 2000
Birth Place: Libtong , Roxas, Oriental Mindoro
Gender: Female
Age: 21
Height: 5’1
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo
Citizenship: Single
Father’s Name: Elmo Casidsid
Mother’s Name: Jelly Casidsid
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Libtong Elementary School
2012-2013
59
Secondary: Dangay National High School
2018-2019
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
John Paul College
MG Andaya Compound
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Daniela Dillera Frogosa
Birthday: December 06, 2000
Birth Place: Dangay , Roxas, Oriental Mindoro
Gender: Female
Age: 21
Height: 5’1
60
Religion: Born Again
Citizenship: Single
Father’s Name: Danilo C. Frogosa
Mother’s Name: Elizabeth D. Frogosa
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Dangay Elementary School
2012-2013
Secondary: Dangay National High School
2018-2019
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
John Paul College
MG Andaya Compound
61
62

(Angela Final) Conplete Thesis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

(Angela Final) Conplete Thesis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

John Paul College College Of Criminology Education

Level of Performance of Police Officers During the Covid19

Pandemic in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro

Presented to the Faculty of Criminology

JOHN PAUL COLLEGE

Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Casidsid, Ma. Angela F.

This thesis entitled the “Level of Performance of Police Officers

During the Covid19 Pandemics in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro”

prepared and submitted by Ma. Angela F. Casidsid and Daniela D.

Frogosa in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology has been examined and

recommended for ORAL EXAMINATION.

Mrs. Mary Grace Delos Reyes

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade

Dr. Ramon E. Woo Jr.

Ms. Maybell Gonzales Dr. Lalyn G. Pupa

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

At the outset, the researchers would like to express their

courage and determination in doing this research study, despite all

The researchers are thankful to their parents as they could

provided and continuously encouraged her to perform well in her

The researchers express their deepest gratitude to their teacher,

Thanks for her constant help and support. It is a matter of great

pleasure to have her as a guide in the preparation of this project.

The researchers would also like to thanks their friend, Polane

Gumiran, for sharing her knowledge and support to them in preparing

their thesis paper.

This humble piece of work is wholeheartedly dedicated to the

strength and knowledge for everyday life.

To their parents who are always there to support their financial

and moral needs.

To all relatives, friends, and classmates who are not mentioned

but are very important in their life.

Title Page No.

Chapter I The Problem and Its Background

Theoretical Framework 5-6

Statement of the Problem 8

Significance of the Study 9

Scope and Delimitation 10

Definition of Terms 10-11

Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies

Chapter III Methodology

Respondents of the Study 17

Data Gathering and Procedures 18

Statistical Treatment of Data 18

Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 20-32

Chapter V Summary of Findings, Conclusions and

Letter of Permission for the conduct of the study 38

The Problem and Its Background

Police officer’s commitment to the notion of policing by consent,

and democratic modes of policing, lies at heart of the policing model. At

health. Third, encourage the individuals to follow the regulations and

return home if they have no reasonable grounds to be outside. Finally, as

legislation and using reasonable force to return individuals to a place of

residence. There was an emphasis on securing consent-based

compliance with the restrictions, rather than via deterrent threat.

Yet, the effect of pandemic on first responders such as the police-

though assumed to be profound- have not yet been explored more

quantified in UK (Stonger et.al 2020, c.f. Frenkel et al. 2020), police