Intramolecular forces are Intermolecular forces are forces

the forces that hold atoms that exist between molecules.

together within a molecule.
 INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE

1 Ionic Bond
• This bond is formed by the complete transfer of valence electron(s)
between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two
oppositely charged ions.
• In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively
charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to
become a negatively charged anion.
 INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE

2 Covalent Bond
• This bond is formed between atoms that have similar
electronegativities—the affinity or desire for electrons.
• Because both atoms have similar affinity for electrons and
neither has a tendency to donate them, they share electrons
in order to achieve octet configuration and become more
stable.
 INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE

2.1 Non-polar Covalent Bond

• Formed between same atoms or atoms with very similar
electronegativities—the difference in electronegativity between
bonded atoms is less than 0.5.
 INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE

2.2 Polar Covalent Bond

• Formed when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share
electrons.
• The difference in electronegativity between bonded atoms is
between 0.5 and 1.9.
1 Intramolecular
Dipole-Dipoleforces are
Forces Intermolecular forces are forces
the forces that hold atoms that exist between molecules.
together within a molecule.
Intermolecular forces are
2 Hydrogen Bonding much weaker than the
intramolecular forces of attraction
but are important because they
3 Ion-Dipole Force determine the physical properties of
molecules like their boiling point,
London Dispersion melting point, density, and
4 enthalpies of fusion and
Forces vaporization.
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

1 Dipole-Dipole Forces
• These forces occur when the partially positively charged part of a
molecule interacts with the partially negatively charged part of the
neighboring molecule.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are the strongest intermolecular force of
attraction.
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

2 Hydrogen Bonding
This is a special kind of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs
specifically between a hydrogen atom bonded to either an
oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom.
Hydrogen just wanna have FON
The partially positive end of
hydrogen is attracted to the partially
negative end of the oxygen,
nitrogen, or fluorine of another
molecule.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

3 Ion-Dipole Force
• The ions and the oppositely charged ends of the polar water
molecules overcome the attraction between ions themselves.
• Each ion becomes separated and water molecules cluster
around it.

• Commonly found in solutions.

• A positive ion (cation) attracts
the partially negative end of a
neutral polar molecule
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

4 London Dispersion Forces

• The weakest of the intermolecular forces and exist between all
types of molecules, whether ionic or covalent—polar or nonpolar.
• The more electrons a molecule has, the stronger the London
dispersion forces are.

Bromine has more electrons than Chlorine,

so Bromine will have stronger London
dispersion forces than Chlorine, resulting in
a higher boiling point for Bromine,
compared to Chlorine.