Lecture 4 3

Structural Steel Design CE 434
Analysis and Design of Compression Members

Lecture 18
Prof. Ghazi Abu-Farsakh

Eng. Mutaz AL-Dwairy
1
Design of Compression Members 2
Overall Flexural Buckling

Overall flexural buckling occurs often about the minor principal axis, but when the
minor axis is braced at closer intervals than the major axis. Otherwise the buckling
may occur about the major or the minor axis. In other words, the buckling will occur
about the axis which has the largest slenderness ratio KL/r cr .
KL Kx Lx Ky Ly
= max ,
r cr rx r𝑦
Civil Engineering Department

Prof. Ghazi A. Abu-Farsakh
Eng. Mutaz M AL-Dwairy
I- General method
KL
Enter the table using
r cr
and get ϕc Fcr .
𝑃𝑢𝑛 = ϕc Fcr 𝐴𝑔
2
𝜆𝒄 ≤ 1.5 → 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658𝜆𝑐 𝐹𝑦
0.877
𝜆𝒄 ≥ 1.5 → Fcr = 𝐹
𝜆2𝑐 𝑦
𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑦
𝜆𝒄 = =
𝐹𝑒 𝜋2𝐸
2
൙ 𝑘𝐿
𝑟
II-Column-Table Method
Enter column-tables using KL cr and get Pun = ϕc Pn
Assume x and y axes are major and minor
principal axes respectively, then:
KL cr = max K y Ly , 𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦
eq
Kx Lx 𝐿𝑥 and Ly in foot
K y Ly =
eq rx /ry

Example
Determine the design compression strength (Pun)
for the column shown in the following Figure.
Column section is W14x90 and column length
is 32-ft. Use LRFD-Specifications and
A36-steel (Fy=36 ksi).

Solution
(Using General Method):
a) Check local buckling
𝑏𝑓 95 95
𝜆𝑓 = = 10.2 < 𝜆rf = = = 15.83 → Nonslender unstiffened flange-element
2𝑡𝑓 𝐹𝑦 36
ℎ 253 253
𝜆𝑤 = = 25.9 < 𝜆rw = = = 42.17 → Nonslender stiffened web-element
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 36
No local buckling → Flexural-type buckling is the limit-state for strength-design.


𝑃𝑢𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
KL
To determine 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 enter Table 3-36 using
r 𝑐𝑟
KL Kx Lx Ky Ly Ky Ly Ky Ly
= max , , ,
r 𝑐𝑟 rx r𝑦 r𝑦 r𝑦
1 2 3
𝐾 = 0.8 for fixed-pinned column

𝐾 = 1 for pinned-pinned column
KL Since 𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ≠ 𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦 you can not

= 50.03 conclude what is the critical axis
r 𝑐𝑟
by inspection.


KL
𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟
r
50 26.83
50.03 𝑦
51 26.68
𝑦 − 26.83 26.68 − 26.83

=
50.03 − 50 51 − 50
𝑦=26.8255 ksi
𝑷𝒖𝒏 = 𝝓𝒄 𝑭𝒄𝒓 𝑨𝒈
= 26.8255 ∗ 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓
= 𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
(Using Column-Table Method):

Enter column-tables using KL cr
KL cr = max K y Ly , K y Ly , K y Ly , K y Ly
eq 1 2 3
Kx Lx 0.8∗32
K y Ly = = = 15.43 𝑓𝑡
eq rx /ry 6.14/3.7
K y Ly = 0.8 ∗ 12 = 9.6 𝑓𝑡
1
K y Ly = K y Ly = 1 ∗ 10 = 10 𝑓𝑡
2 3
KL cr = 15.43 𝑓𝑡
𝐾𝐿 𝑃𝑢
15 716
15.43 𝑦
16 704
𝑦 − 716 704 − 716

=
15.43 − 15 16 − 15
𝑦=710.84 kips
𝑷𝒖𝒏 = 𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔

Example
Determine the design strength (Pun) for the shown column in the following Figure,
if (KL) =19 ft. Use A36-steel. (Neglect Local buckling).

Solution: (Using General Method):
Pun = ϕc Fcr Ag
KL
To determine ϕc Fcr enter Table 3-36 using
r cr
KL Kx Lx Ky Ly
= max ,
r 𝑐𝑟 rx r𝑦
K x Lx = K y Ly = 19 ∗ 12 = 228“
rx = Ix /A and ry = Iy /A

To determine 𝐼𝑥 and 𝐼𝑦 , we should locate the principal axes for the overall section by inspection
Y’-axis
method.
20∗0.5∗0.25+2∗12.6∗ 0.5+9
𝑦ത = = 6.87 − 𝑖𝑛
20∗0.5+2∗12.6
ഥ
𝒚
X’-axis
𝐴 = 12.6 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 18“

𝐼𝑥 = 554 𝑖𝑛4 , 𝐼𝑦 = 14.4 𝑖𝑛4
𝑥ҧ = 0.877“ from back of C
0.5∗203 2
𝐼𝑦′ = + 2 ∗ 14.4 + 12.6 ∗ 0.877 + 6 = 1554 𝑖𝑛4 (minor axis)
12
20∗0.53 2 2
𝐼𝑥′ = + 20 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 6.87 − 0.25 + 2 ∗ 554 + 12.6 ∗ 9 − 6.87 = 1721 𝑖𝑛4
12

rx′ = 𝐼𝑥 /𝐴 = 1721/35.2 = 6.7 𝑖𝑛
ry′ = 𝐼𝑦 /𝐴 = 1554/35.2 = 6.64 𝑖𝑛
Kx′ Lx ′ 228
= = 34.03
rx ′ 6.7
Since K x′ Lx′ = K y′ Ly′ you can directly conclude that the
buckling will occur about the minor principal axis. (In
Ky′ Ly ′ 228
= = 34.34 other words, the critical axis is the minor principal-axis).
r𝑦′ 6.64
KL
= 34.34
r 𝑐𝑟
Table 3-36 using 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 28.76 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑃𝑢𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 = 28.76 ∗ 35.2 = 1012 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠


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Structural Steel Design CE 434

Analysis and Design of Compression Members

Prof. Ghazi Abu-Farsakh

Overall Flexural Buckling

Civil Engineering Department

and get ϕc Fcr .

Civil Engineering Department

for the column shown in the following Figure.

Column section is W14x90 and column length

is 32-ft. Use LRFD-Specifications and

A36-steel (Fy=36 ksi).

Civil Engineering Department

(Using General Method):

a) Check local buckling

No local buckling → Flexural-type buckling is the limit-state for strength-design.

Civil Engineering Department

𝐾 = 0.8 for fixed-pinned column

KL Since 𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ≠ 𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦 you can not

Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering Department

𝑦 − 26.83 26.68 − 26.83

(Using Column-Table Method):

𝑦 − 716 704 − 716

𝑷𝒖𝒏 = 𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔

Civil Engineering Department

if (KL) =19 ft. Use A36-steel. (Neglect Local buckling).

Civil Engineering Department

Solution: (Using General Method):

Civil Engineering Department

𝐴 = 12.6 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 18“

Civil Engineering Department

rx′ = 𝐼𝑥 /𝐴 = 1721/35.2 = 6.7 𝑖𝑛

ry′ = 𝐼𝑦 /𝐴 = 1554/35.2 = 6.64 𝑖𝑛

Table 3-36 using 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 28.76 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝑃𝑢𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 = 28.76 ∗ 35.2 = 1012 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

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