Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
of the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program in July 2017, worries were
expressed by the drivers, operators, and commuters. Many people were affected as they
considered how it would influence them, for better or worse. The government suggested
switching out the outdated jeepneys for a more contemporary model of the same kind of
facilities including air conditioning, cashless payment transactions, and adjustments to its
overall build and appearance were added. This initiative attempts to enhance the existing
improvements. Not only will modernizing the transportation industry make it simpler for
the general public to travel, but it will also assist to reduce traffic.
The Jeepney, the most common type of public transportation in the Philippines, is
a truck the size of a minibus that has been modified to have a driver's cabin at the front
and two long parallel benches at the back. Jeepneys are driven by private owners as a
cheap way for large numbers of people to commute, although not being operated as
vehicles that American troops had left behind during World War II; however, modern
jeepneys have smaller original designs due to manufacturers' efforts to adapt design and
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utilities to fit regulating norms and regulations for transportation. (TATA MOTORS,
2022)
Jeepneys are backyard-built cars with frames that are frequently 50 to 70 years old and
engines that are more than 15 years old, and they may hold 12-32 passengers. Jeepneys
are cultural icons of resourcefulness that were originally reused from the army Jeeps
As of today, there are five categories of jeepneys according to Tata Motors Ph.
First we have the first generation jeepneys which are the vehicles that have been modified
from an old jeep, truck, or pickup using the same older engines and fitted with seats and
other necessities so that it can be used for public transportation. We also have the second
generation jeepneys, these are constructed from used pickup trucks and jeeps but have
rebuilt engines installed for improved performance and dependability. Modern amenities
like air conditioning, updated seating, and central locking for safety are included in this
generation of jeepney. Next we have the third generation jeepneys which are known for
their totally new engines which offer better amenities in terms of engines that comply
with the government standards. The fourth classification of jeepneys are the modern
jeepneys. These jeepneys are the same with the third generation jeepneys but with more
compliance to the additional government norms and standards in terms of safety and
technology. Some of these have the feature of cashless transaction, Wi-Fi, and GPS.
Lastly, the e-jeepneys or the electronic jeepneys. Due to the high cost of electricity, these
electronic jeepneys have not yet gained the full acceptance from the masses although they
promote a healthy environment, and play a role in solving greenhouse gas emissions and
a Filipino invention. Considering its past, it has also evolved into a representation of the
resilient, inventive, and upbeat Filipino character. In other words, it is a Filipino pride
and played a crucial role in making these jeepneys a cultural symbol of the Philippines.
The said well-known automaker produced jeepneys that were exported abroad and
showcased as a Philippine symbol in travel fairs in places like New York and London.
Movements were also being taken out at home in the Philippines to promote the jeepney
as a Filipino emblem. Today, jeepneys are shown not just on the country's streets but also
Over the past decades and as the day progresses, there have been a lot of debates
and discussions about replacing these old jeepneys with far more effective public
transportation. Jeepneys still exist although we saw jeepney production decline in the
early 2000s. This cultural icon has endured nearly 70 years of national adversity, progress
and change, proving its perseverance as the King of the Road through the most difficult
These jeepneys are now ancient and out of date. According to several studies,
these corroded and outdated jeepneys are one of the main reasons for accidents and
congested roads. Compared to other PUVs, commuters often turn to these jeepneys as a
response to address both the aggravating transport related problems and the future
Transportation (DOTr) issued Department Order No. 2017-011, otherwise known as the
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Services and Franchise Issuance or the Omnibus Franchising Guidelines (OFG), which
launched the PUVMP. The program aims to fundamentally transform the public transport
system in the country making both commuting and public transportation operations more
dignified, humane, and on par with global standards. The program also aims to give a
comfortable life for all Filipinos through providing a safer, more efficient, reliable,
system in the country.” (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, n.d.)
The PUVMP is more than just a program for updating vehicles. It is a thorough
system reform that will fundamentally alter the public transportation sector. It includes a
regulatory reform and establishes new rules for the grant of franchises for public
transportation services that operate on roads. Since local government units are more
knowledgeable about the topography and passenger demand within their own territorial
jurisdictions, it transferred the task of route planning to them. To open PUV franchises in
their jurisdiction, LGUs must first submit their own Local Public Transport Plan
convenient for our passengers who have disabilities (PWDs). The PUVMP promotes
the PUVMP establishes a Vehicle Useful Life Program, which includes regulations and
initiatives that address various phases of the vehicle's useful life. Land Transportation
Public transportation has the potential to play a key role in a more environmentally
friendly transportation system, but it currently does not meet the necessary requirements.
renewal, a shift to vehicles with greater capacity, increased operational effectiveness, and
The executive branch of the government has designated the DOTR as its primary
with regard to transportation-related matters. The LTFRB, on the other hand, is a DOTr-
affiliated organization that was established to administer, enforce, and monitor adherence
to the laws, policies, and regulations governing the provision of public land transportation
The Senate Bill passed regarding the Public Ulitity Program in the Philippines are
Senate Bill No. 2414 authored by Miguel Zubiri, is an act institutionalizing the Public
Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) and for other purposes and Senate Bill
No. 861 is an act providing for just and humane Public Utility Vehicle (PUV)
drivers, operators, and stakeholders, appropriating funds therefor, and other purposes.
municipality. On the island of Luzon, the municipal center of Gubat is located roughly at
12° 55' North and 124° 7' East. According to the distance, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon,
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Legazpi, Albay, Tabaco, Ligao, Masbate City, Masbate, and Iriga, Camarines Sur are the
cities nearest to Gubat. The municipalities that are closest to the area are Barcelona,
Sorsogon, Casiguran, Prieto Diaz, Juban, Bulusan, and Irosin, Sorsogon.(Philatlas, n.d)
In the province of Sorsogon, the municipality of Gubat was first to be consolidated
in the Bicol Region by the LTFRB as part of the PUV modernization program. The first
which inaugurated them on August 16, 2020. On August 18, 2022, they began formally
running the route and offered a free trip to the general public the day it was officially
reform system that will fundamentally alter the public land transportation sector. Its goal
is to modernize public utility vehicles. And it is via GSAC's partnership with Easyway
Transport Service and Multipurpose Cooperative, both of which have offices at 6-A San
Roque St. Brgy, that this is made possible. Holy Spirit, Quezon City in Metro Manila,
and Gubat Transport Cooperative (GTC), which is situated in this area's Gubat town.
Gubat was the first in the province to use upgraded jeepneys with Euro 4 engines in the
Gubat Saint Anthony Cooperative has designed loans for Transport Cooperatives
during the past year for their Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs) Modernization Program,
which aims to replace the conventional jeepneys that have long served Bicol's routes. One
of these is the Gubat Transport Cooperative (GTC), which oversees PUVs produced in
Russia that are white, air-conditioned minibusses that can hold up to 30 passengers
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during regular hours. Currently, these vehicles travel 20-km. limited capacity on the route
one of the most important aspects to consider. Today, this is one of the basic
requirements to ensure service quality and models of excellence. It not only boosts
consumer trust, but also the performance of the service. Studies like the current one show
functioning, providing mobility of people, goods and services. In order to sustain a higher
quality and standard of life, communities need access to vital services that will ensure the
upkeep of physical and mental health, employment opportunities, social and leisure
activities (McCallum,2020). The researchers want to pursue this study to gain better
understanding on the PUVMP implementation and its implications for the people and the
country, as well as to shed light on the program's issues and concerns. The study's results
and recommendations will be applied not just to address issues but also to possibly
enhance the program's operation at Gubat, Sorsogon in order to deliver a far higher level
of service to everyone.
d) Fare regulation
e) Spacious jeepney
modernized jeepneys?
The scope of the study focused on the Public Utility Modernization Program on
jeepneys in Gubat, Sorsogon, the level of satisfaction with the said program in terms of
safety and comfort, reliability of travel time, disciplined and competent drivers, fare
and the possible recommendations addressing the problems in the utilization of the
modernized jeepney in Gubat, Sorsogon. The study is delimited to 400 respondents which
composed of the commuters, drivers, and the operator of the said program.
This study aimed to know the Level of Satisfaction of Gubat, Sorsogon to the
PUV Jeepney Modernization. Moreover, the researchers believe that this study are
Commuters. The commuters will benefit from this because it addresses concerns
about our current transportation system. The administration will use the issues and
system.
Drivers. This study will also be beneficial to the jeepney drivers as this study will
commuters and drivers. They will benefit from this study since it examines the
satisfaction and conclusions of the Gubat residents regarding the government's PUV
modernization program and what can be done to enhance the program's level of service
quality.
Local Government Unit of Gubat. The findings of this study will help the LGU
to address the concerns that are essential for accomplishing integrated transportation
the issues in the current transport system and how the PUV modernization program will
Political Science Department. The data and information found in this study
same scope of the study considering that the PUV Modernization Program is still a heated
debate. This paper will serve as a guide and a foundation for them to complete the study.