CBLM Test Electronic Component

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector : ELECTRONICS
Qualification Title : ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND

SERVICING NCII
Unit of Competency : TEST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Module Title : TESTING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

Regional Training Center-Iligan
Maria Cristina, Iligan City
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING
MATERIALS
Welcome to the Unit of Competency “Test electronic components” is one of the

competencies in common competency in Electronic Products Assembly and
Servicing NCII (EPAS NCII) ), a course which comprises the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for a TVET trainee to possess.
The module, Test electronic components contains training materials and
activities related to identifying learner’s requirements, preparing session plan,
preparing basic instructional materials and organizing learning and teaching
activities for you to complete.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities in
order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome there are
Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Activity sheet. Follow and perform the
activities on your own.
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
• Read information sheets and complete the self-checks. Suggested references
are included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
• Submit your answer sheet to recorded in your facilitator
• Perform the activity sheet
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
module because you have:
 been working for someone
 already completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular skill
or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you don’t have
to do the same training again. If you have qualifications or Certificates of
Competency from previous trainings, show them to your trainer. If the skills you
acquired are still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they may
become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the
currency of your skills, discuss this with your trainer.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency
before moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be
awarded to you after passing the evaluation.
CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Date revised: Feb 24, 2017
component Issued by:
Developed by : JM Magno TESDA RTC-Iligan P a g e | ii
List of Competencies
No. Unit of competency Module title Code

BASIC COMPETENCY
1. Participate in workplace Participating in workplace 5 00
communication communication 311105
2. Work in a team Working in a team 5 00
environment environment 311106
3. Practice career Practicing career 5 00
professionalism professionalism 311107
4. Practice occupational Practicing occupational 5 00
health and safety procedure health and safety procedure 311108
COMMON COMPETENCY
1. Apply quality standard Applying quality standard ELC315202
2. Perform computer operation Performing computer ELC311203
operation
3. Perform mensuration and Performing mensuration and ELC311201
calculation calculation
4. Prepare and interpret Preparing and interpreting ELC311202
technical drawing technical drawing
5. Use hand tools Using hand tools ELC724201
6. Terminate and connect Terminating and connecting ELC724202
electrical wiring and electrical wiring and
electronic circuits electronic circuits
7. Test electronic components Testing electronic ELC724205
components
CORE COMPETENCY
1. Assemble electronic Assembling electronic ELC724335
products products
2. Service consumer electronic Servicing consumer ELC724336
products and systems electronic products and
systems
3. Service industrial electronic Servicing industrial ELC724337
modules, products and electronic modules, products
systems and systems

Developed by : JM Magno TESDA RTC-Iligan P a g e | iii
MODULE CONTENT
Qualification Title : Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing NCII

Unit of Competency : Test electronic components
Module Title : Testing electronic components
Introduction :This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
test electronic components. It includes competencies in determining
the criteria for testing electronics components, planning an approach
for component testing, testing the components and evaluating the
testing process.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:
LO1. Determine criteria for testing electronics components
LO2. Plan an approach for component testing
LO3. Test components
LO4. Evaluate the testing process
Assessment Criteria
1. Work instructions are obtained and clarified based on job order or client requirements
2. Responsible person is consulted for effective and proper work coordination
3. Data sheets/Application notes are obtained and interpreted based on manufacturer’s
specification
4. Testing criteria are defined to ensure that components meet technical and quality
requirements
5. Document and communicate testing criteria to relevant personnel
6. Various testing methods are Identified based on types of electronic components
7. Characteristics and appropriateness of testing methods to be used during development
and on completion is determined
8. Testing methods are considered/selected in relation to appropriate testing strategy
9. Plan for testing components is developed at specified points during development and on
completion
10. Required test & measuring instruments and tools are prepared and checked in
accordance with established procedures
11. Records system is established to document testing results, including problems and faults
12. Testing methods are applied to ensure that products meet creative, production and
technical requirements
13. Problems and faults detected by testing are recorded and remedial steps taken in
records system is documented
14. Problems and faults detected during testing are resolved in accordance with agreed
project or industry practice
15. Evaluate final products against the previously determined criteria
16. Testing process is documented and summarized evaluation report is submitted to
relevant personnel
17. Testing methods that were successful and those that led to difficulties are identified
based on industry standards
18. Testing process and records system are evaluated based on standard procedures
19. Test results/findings are documented for subsequent components testing

Developed by : JM Magno TESDA RTC-Iligan P a g e | iv
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Determine criteria for testing
electronic components
CONTENTS
• Define testing criteria appropriate for components
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Work instructions are obtained and clarified based on job order or client
requirements
2. Responsible person is consulted for effective and proper work coordination
3. Data sheets/Application notes are obtained and interpreted based on
manufacturer’s specification
4. Testing criteria are defined to ensure that components meet technical and quality
requirements
5. Document and communicate testing criteria to relevant personnel
CONDITION
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Learning materials
ASSESSMENT METHOD
• Hands-on
• Direct observation
• Practical demonstration

Developed by : JM Magno TESDA RTC-Iligan Page |1
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome #1
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read information sheet 7.1 (safety
first)
Answer self-check 7.1
Read information sheet 7.2 After reading the Information sheet

(Electronic transformer, switch, fuse, exercise your mind by answering self-
check and then refer your answer in
Wires)
the answer key at the back of self-
Answer self-check 7.2 check
Read information sheet 7.3

( resistors)

(capacitor)

(diode)
(diode)

Information Sheet 7.1
Safety first
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:
1. OH&S procedures
2. Safety procedures in testing electronic components observed at all times and
appropriate personal protective equipment used
3. Measurements and analysis instruments like multimeter
Introduction:
Whenever you’re working in any electronic equipment,
Your own safety has to come first. Every electronics technician must always take safety
precautions before he or she start work. Electricity must be handled properly, or else it can
injure or cause fatalities. Here are some basic steps that show you how to avoid accident from
occurring.
1. Electrical shock
Once you open up set cover, you’re actually exposing yourself to the threat of the
electric shock. Always keep on mind that safety has to come first.
A serious shock may stop your heart and if a large electric current flows through your
body you will receive serious burns. Here are some rules, which should to avoid
electricity hazard.
a.) Always turn off the equipment and unplug it before you begin to work.
b.) If you to run test while the equipment is operating turn the equipment on, make your
test carefully, and then turn the equipment off again.
c.) Wear rubber bottom shoes or sneakers.
d.) Try to do work with one hand, while keeping the other your pocket. That keeps the
possible current paths away from the heart.
e.) Don’t attempt repair when you are tired or rushed.
f.) Always assume that all the parts in the power supply are “HOT”
g.) Use only plastic screwdriver for shock protection during service operation.
h.) Work on electronics apparatus or connections with dry hands and clothing.
i.) Do not work if you are sleepy.
j.) Do not work in a wet place.

2. Discharging switch mode power supply (SMPS) Capacitors
Most SMPS have a resistor to drain the charge in the main

filter capacitor.
But some resistor may fail and the capacitor can hold this
charge even after you turn off the equipment. This
capacitor has a range about 150 uf to 330uf at working
voltage. Before you start to work on a power supply,
always turn off the power and discharge the filter capacitor
you can do this by placing a positive and negative of the
soldering iron.
3. Safety requirement in calibrating measuring equipment.

Most technician encountered human eror like using multitester with the wrong
calibration of selecting range, before you troubleshoot make sure your in presence of
mind if you are measuring voltage always assume that the voltage is high to a voltage
that you are expected, for example you are the voltage flow in circuit is 25V DC if you
measure that always use high range for the safe of your multitester. And Do not test
component in a in-circuit condition you didn’t read the exact value of component like
resistor.

Self Check 7.1
True or false: Write true if the statement is correct write false if the statement is wrong and
write your answer in a sheet of paper
1. Always turn off the equipment and unplug it before you begin to work.
2. Don’t attempt repair when you are tired or rushed.
3. Always work in a wet place to avoid electric shock.
4. Always assume that all the parts in the power supply are “HOT”.
5. Before you start to work on a power supply, always turn off the power and do not
discharge the filter capacitor.

Answer Key 7.1
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Fault indications
When you are testing and measuring electronic components there are different types
of faults reading in your multitester that commonly in-countered during testing
components like OPENED, SHORTED, LEAKY but different electronic components
having different faults indicated. But these indicator is only applied in resistance
range in reading. and be sure these three faults is familiarize and practice to identify
the good and bad components.
OPEN- the multitester pointer is not deflect, in short no reading or in a infinite status
in meter scale, but these reading is found only base on the component you are
testing
SHORT- the multitester pointer has deflect or zero ohms reading and these fault also
found base on the component you are testing
Leak- If the multitester pointer is in the middle of meter scale

Electronic Transformers, switches, fuses, wires
1. Identify the types of transformer and testing
2. Identify the different types of switches
3. Identify the function of fuse
4. Testing wires in continuity
Transformers
A transformer is an electronic/electrical device consisting of two or more coils coupled
Together by magnetic induction. The usual application of transformers is to convert 220V
AC line voltage into a lower secondary winding voltage.
Two designed of transformer the step-up transformer and step down

transformer
Step-up transformer- A transformer that increase the voltage from primary to secondary
And usually found in LCD ,LED TV in a circuit that drives the
Backlight
Step down transformer- A transformer that reduce voltage from primary to secondary
And usually found in cellphone charger, and other appliances
Different types of transformer

Laminated Core Transformer
This is the most common type of transformer, widely used in electric power
transmission and appliances to convert mains voltages to low voltage to
power electronic devices. They are available in power ratings ranging mW
to MW. The insulated laminitions minimizes eddy current losses in the iron
core.
Toroidal Transformer
Doughnut shaped toroidal transformer save space compared to E-I

cores, and sometimes to reduce external magnetic field. These use a
ring shaped core, copper windings wrapped round this ring (and thus
threaded through the ring during winding), and tape for insulation.

SMPS Transformer/chopper transformer
SMPS Transformer is usually found in the Switch Mode Power Supply like
DVD, CRT TV
LCD LED TV power supply area and other appliances. And this type of
transformer is different to the other transformers because it is needed to
switch in the switching circuits to produce voltage output with different
voltage output.
testing transformer in a Multitester

In testing transformer using multitester there are two methods, the resistance measurement
and the voltage checking
Procedure to test
First method:
• Measure the resistance in primary winding use multitester and set the range in X1 or
X10.
• If the reading is high resistance it means the primary winding is OK.
• If the reading is low resistance it means the primary winding is shorted .
• If the pointer of multitester is not deflected or no resistance it means the winding is
open.
• Check the resistance in secondary winding , and take note the secondary winding is
low resistance.
Second method:
• Measure the input voltage(primary) and the output voltage(secondary)
• Set your multi tester in a higher range AC

Switch
Switch is an electrical and electronics component use for cutting off the flow of electric
current in the circuits.
Different types of switch:
Rocker switch Toggle switch Tact switch Footswitch
Selector switch Slider switch
Relay switch- A relay is an electromechanical device having one

or more contacts that are opened and closed by a magnetic field.
This magnetic field is generated by its own built-in electromagnet
that can be activated by an external circuit. Ratings: (a) the current
rating that the contacts can carry, such as 0.5 Amp. , 1 Amp. 2Amp
etc. (b) Voltage range at which the coil could operated (6V, 12V, 24V
etc.)
Testing switch

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10
Testing Relay switch
Fuse
A fuse is a protective device having a short length of wire that melts when the current
that passes through it exceeds a predetermined (rated) value.
Testing fuse

11
Cables
A cable is two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted, or braided together to
form a single assembly. The term originally referred to a nautical line of specific length where
multiple ropes, each laid clockwise, are then laid together anti-clockwise and shackled to
produce a strong thick line, resistant to water absorption, that was used to anchor large ships
Wires
A wire is a sigle,usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to bear
mechanical mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly
formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in
various standard sizes, as expressed in term of a gauge number.
Types of wire
Solid wire
Solid wire, also called solid-core or single-strand wire, consists of
one piece of metal
Stranded wire
Stranded wire is composed of a number of small wires bundled or
wrapped together to form a larger conductor.

12
Self check 7.2
I Multiple choice
direction: choose the correct and answer and write your answer in a sheet of paper
1. an electronic/electrical device consisting of two or more coils coupled

Together by magnetic induction
a. Switch
b. fuse
c. transformer
d. relay
2. A transformer need to switch in switching circuit to produce output voltage
a. toroidal transformer
b. laminated transformer
c. chopper transformer/SMPS transformer
d. all of the above
3. An electrical and electronics component use for cutting off the flow of electric current in
the circuits.
a. Switch
b. fuse
c. transformer
d. none of the above
4. An electromechanical device having one or more contacts that are opened and closed
by a magnetic field.
a. toggle switch
b. rocker switch
c. tact switch
d. relay switch
5. A protective device having a short length of wire that melts when the current that passes
through it exceeds a predetermined (rated) value.
a. Switch
b. fuse
c. transformer

13
II Give the proper name of picture below
1. 7.
8.
2.
2. 9.
4.
10.
5.
6.

14
Answer key 7.2
I
1. c
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. b
II
1. Laminated core transformer

2. Slider switch
3. Toroidal transformer
4. Chopper/SMPS transformer
5. Rocker switch
6. Toggle switch
7. tact switch
8. fuse
9. selector switch
10. relay switch

15
Information sheet 7.3
Resistor
1. Testing resistor
2. Identify the function of resistor
3. Identify the types of resistor
4. Calculating the value of resistor and tolerance
Introduction:
ohms -the unit of measurement of the resistance

Resistor
A resistor is an electronic device that resists the flow of current in a circuit. Resistor are also
used to provide bias (voltage drop) Resistor can have fixed resistance – fixed resistors, or a
variable resistance- potentiometers or trimmer resistors. A trimmer resistor is a miniature
variable resistor (rheostat) used mainly in placed of a fixed resistor to permit a convenient
adjustment of resistance in the circuit.
Two basic types of resistor
1. Linear resistor
2. Non linear resistor
Linear resistor
Those resistor, which values change with the applied voltage and temperature, are called
linear resistor. In other words, a resistor, which current value is directly proportional to the
applied voltage is known as linear resistors.
There are two types of resistor which have linear properties
• Fixed resistor
• Variable Resistor
Fixed resistors
As the name tells everything, fixed resistor is a resistor is a resistor which has a specific
value and we can’t change the value of fixed resistors.
Types of fixed resistors
1. Carbon composition resistors
2. Wire wound resistors
3. Thin film resistors
4. Thick film resistors

16
Carbon resistor wire wound resistor thin film resistor thick film resistor
Variable resistor
As the name indicates, those resistors which values can be changed through a dial, knob, and
screw or manually by a proper method. In these types of resistors, there sliding arm, which is
connected to the shaft and the value of resistance can be changed by rotating the arm. They
are used in the radio receiver for volume control and tone control resistance.
Types of variable resistor
1. Potentiometer
2. Rheostats
3. Trimmers
Potentiometer Rheostat Trimmer
Non linear Resistor

We know that, nonlinear resistor are those resistors, where the current flowing through it does
not change according to ohms law but , changes in temperature or applied voltage.
Types of non linear resistor
1. Thermisters
2. Varisters(VDR)
3. Photo resistor or photo conductive cell or LDR
Thermister Varister Photo resistor or LDR

17
Carbon resistor color code

18
How to identify the value of carbon resistor
4 band resistor
These color code of resistor Brown, black, red ,gold which is 1000 ohms with 5% tolerance or
1k ohms 5%
Formula: 1st digit and 2nd digit combined and the result is multiply to 3rd digit
ex.10x100=1000 or 1k
5 band resistor
These color code of resistor Brown, black, black, red, gold which is 10,000 ohms with 5%
tolerance or 10k ohms 5%
Formula: 1st digit 2nd digit and 3rd combine and the result is multiply to 4th digit
ex.100x100=10,000 or 10k
ex. the color code is Green, blue, brown gold

Formula: 56x10=560 the value is 560 ohms with 5% tolerance

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what is tolerance?
Tolerance is the minimum and maximum value of resistor and the tolerance color usually
Gold,silver and none. and gold which is 5% and silver is 10% and none is 20% min. and max.
value
Calculating tolerance
how to get the tolerance of 1000 ohms with 5%tolerance
• get the 5% of 1000 formula:1000X.05=50, the five percent of 1000 is 50
• get the minimum and maximum
• to get the maximum is add the 5% of 1000 in the Value of resistor(1000)
• ex.50+1000=1050 the maximum is 1050 ohms
• to get the minimum is to subtract the 50 in 1000
• ex.1000-50= 950 the minimum is 950 ohms
Tolerance purpose
When you are measuring the resistor the minimum and maximum value of resistor, is to
identify the good value of resistor if the reading of resistor is high to the maximum value or low
in minimum value it means the resistor is change value status and this is common fault of
resistor
SM Resistor/ surface mounted resistor

20
Surface Mounted Resistor
All the SM resistors in the above photos conform to a 3-digit or 4-digit code. But there
are a number of codes, and the 4-digit code caters for high tolerance resistors, so it's
getting very complicated.
Here is a basic 3-digit SM resistor:
A 330k SM resistor
The first two digits represent the two digits in the answer. The third digit represents
the number of zero's you must place after the two digits. The answer will be OHMS.
For example: 334 is written 33 0 000. This is written 330,000 ohms. The comma can
be replaced by the letter "k". The final answer is: 330k.
222 = 22 00 = 2,200 = 2k2
473 = 47 000 = 47,000 = 47k
474 = 47 0000 = 470,000 = 470k
105 = 10 00000 = 1,000,000 = 1M = one million ohms
There is one trick you have to remember. Resistances less than 100 ohms are written:
100, 220, 470. These are 10 and NO zero's = 10 ohms = 10R
or 22 and no zero's = 22R or 47 and no zero's = 47R. Sometimes the resistor is
marked: 10, 22 and 47 to prevent a mistake.
Remember:
R = ohms
k = kilo ohms = 1,000 ohms
M = Meg = 1,000,000 ohms
The 3 letters (R, k and M) are put in place of the decimal point. This way you cannot
make a mistake when reading a value of resistance.

21
Self check 7.3
I Multiple choice
Direction: choose the correct answer and write your answer in a sheet of paper
1. A electronic device that resist the flow of current

a. Resistance
b. resistor
c. Ohms
2. A unit of measurement of resistance is?
a. farad
b. ampere
c. ohms
d. resistor
3. What are the two basic type of resistor.
a. linear resistor & non linear resistor
b. fixed resistor & variable resistor
c. carbon resistor & wire wound resistor
d. potentiometer & Rheostat
4. what type of resistor, where the current flowing through it does not change according to
ohms law
a. fixed resistor
b. linear resistor
c. non linear resistor
d. variable resistor
5. A. resistors which values can be changed through a dial, knob, and screw or manually
by a proper method
a. fixed resistor
b. linear resistor
6. A resistor, which values change with the applied voltage and temperature
a. fixed resistor
b. linear resistor
7. In a four band resistor what called of a 3rd digit color?
a. tolerance
b. multiplier
c. minimum
d. maximum

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8. If the color of tolerance is silver how much the percentage
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 5%
d. 15%
9. If the resistor color code is Red, Blue, Black Gold what is the value of resistor?
a. 26 ohms 10%
b. 26 ohms 5%
c. 260 ohms 5%
d. 260 ohms 10%
10. If the resistor color code is Brown, Orange, Gold, Gold what is the value of resistor?
a. 1.3 ohms 5%
b. 1.3 ohms 10%
c. 13 ohms 5%
d. 13 ohms 10%
II give the exact value of carbon resistor below
11. 20.
12. 21.
13. 22.
14. 23.
15. 24.
16. 25.
17.
18.
19.

23
III get the minimum and maximum value of the resistor below
26.
Value:_____________
Minimum:__________
Maximum:__________
27.
Value:_____________
Minimum:__________
Maximum:__________
28.
Value:_____________
Minimum:__________
Maximum:__________
29.
Value:_____________
Minimum:__________
Maximum:__________
30.
Value:_____________
Minimum:__________
Maximum:__________

24
Answer key
I
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. d
6. b
7. b
8. a
9. b
10. a
II
11. 2,000,000Ω 5% or 2M 5%
12. 2,100,000 Ω 5%
13. 160 Ω 10%
14. 560 Ω 5%
15. 270,000 Ω 5%
16. 220 Ω 5%
17. 330 Ω 5%
18. 4,220 Ω 5%
19. 50 Ω 10%
20. 4.7 Ω 5%
21. 1.2 Ω 5%
22. 42,500 Ω 10%
23. 720,000 Ω 10%
24. 360,000 Ω 5% or 360K Ω 5%
25. 1000 Ω 5% or 1k Ω 5%
III
26. value: 10,000 Ω 5% or 10k Ω 28. value;1000Ω or 1K 5%

min: 9,000 Ω or 9K Ω min: 950Ω
max:11,000 Ω or 11K Ω max: 1050Ω
27. value: 560 Ω 5%

min: 532 Ω
max:588 Ω

25
Capacitors
1. Testing capacitors
2. Identify the function of capacitor
3. identifying the fault of capacitor
4. test capacitor using multitester
Introduction:
Capacitor
A capacitor is an electronic device made up of two conductive surfaces that are
separated from each other by a dielectric. this dielectric can be any insulating material such as
paper,plastic oil, mica, glass, or even air. Capacitors are used in electronic circuit to charge up
to a given potential and discharge it when required later. they usually act as filter that smooth
out variations in direct current as in power supply circuits. Capacitors can also be used to block
a direct current but permit alternating current to pass through. Capacitors also couple electrical
signal from one circuit to another.
Two types of Capacitor

1. polarize capacitor
2. non polarize capacitor
Polarize capacitor
polarized capacitor is a capacitor that
has polarity which is positive and
negative example of polarize capacitor
is tantalum and electrolytic capacitor
and this component has a large
capacity of storage in DC electric
charge.
Types of polarize capacitor

26
Non polarize capacitor
A capacitor that none polarity example of non polarize capacitor Are, ceramic capacitor, mylar
capacitor, high voltage ceramic disc capacitor etc. and this type of capacitor are small amount
of storage in electric charge.
Types of non polarize capacitor

27
What is FARAD?
farad is the unit of measurements of capacitance
Farad conversion chart
How to read the value of capacitor
To read the value on a capacitor you need to know a few facts.

The basic value of capacitance is the FARAD.
1 microfarad is one millionth of 1 farad.

28
1 microfarad is divided into smaller parts called nanofarad.
1,000 nanofarad = 1 microfarad
Nanofarad is divided into small parts called picofarad
1,000 picofarad = 1 nanofarad.
Recapping:
1p = 1 picofarad. 1,000p = 1n ( 1 nanofarad)
1,000n = 1u (1 microfarad)
1,000u = 1millifarad
1,000,000u = 1 FARAD.
Examples:
All ceramic capacitors are marked in "p" (puff")
A ceramic with 22 is 22p = 22 picofarad
A ceramic with 102 is 1,000p = 1n
A ceramic with 223 is 22,000p = 22n
A ceramic with 104 is 100,000p = 100n = 0.1u

29
Testing capacitor
Good capacitor- When you test a good capacitor

the pointer of multitester is deflected but returned
slowly in the infinite. And that is the ability of
capacitor to charge and discharge.
Open capacitor- the indication of open capacitor

is when the pointer is no deflection even when you
set to the higher range of ohms range
Leaky capacitor- The indication of leaky capacitor is

when the pointer is deflect but returned slowly in the
middle not in the infinite.
Shorted capacitor- the indication of shorted

capacitor is when the reading is in the zero even
when you set the range in x1.

30
Self-check 7.4
Multiple choice
Direction: write the correct answer and write in a sheet of paper
1. An electronic device made up of two conductive surfaces that are separated from each
other by a dielectric
a. Capacitor
b. fuse
c. resistor
d. transformer
2. A unit of measurement of capacitance is?
a. farad
b. Ohms
c. Ampere
3. A capacitor that has a polarity which is positive and negative
a. polarize capacitor
b. non polarize capacitor
c. ceramic capacitor
d. non of the above
4. which capacitor does not belong to non polarize capacitor
a. ceramic capacitor
b. mylar capacitor
c. electrolytic capacitor
5. In testing capacitor if the pointer of multitester is deflected but returned slowly in the
infinite.it means the capacitor is?
a. Opened
b. Shorted
c. leaky
d. Good
6. In testing capacitor if the pointer is deflect but returned slowly in the middle not in the
infinite. it means?
a. Opened
b. Shorted
c. leaky
d. Good
7. In testing capacitor if the reading is in the zero even when you set the range in x1.
a. Opened
b. Shorted
c. leaky
d. Good

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Answer key 7.4
1. a
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. d
6. c
7. b

32
Diodes
1. Testing diodes
2. Identify the function of diode
3. identifying the fault of diode
4. testing diode using multitester
5. Identify the different types of diode
Introduction:
Diodes
A diode is a specialized electronic component with two electrode called the anode and the
cathode. Most diodes are made with semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, or
selenium. and the most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in
one direction (called the diode’s forward direction), while blocking current in the opposite
direction (the reverse direction).
Types of diode
Rectifier diode/power diode
A rectifier diode lets electrical current flow in one direction and is
mainly used for power supply operation.
Bridge rectifier diode

A bridge rectifier diode is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a
bridge circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of output for
either polarity of input.
Zener diode
A zener diode allows current to flow from its anode to its cathode like a
normal semiconductor diode, but it is also permits current to flow in the
reverse direction when its ‘’ Zener voltage” is reached. Zener diodes
have a highly doped p-n junction.
Light Emitting Diode

A LED is a two lead semiconductor light source. It is a P-N junction
diode, which emits light when activated.

33
Testing rectifier diode
Testing zener diode

34
Testing LED

35
Self-check 7.5
Multiple choice
Direction: choose the correct answer and write your answer in a sheet of paper
1. A diode lets electrical current flow in one direction and is mainly used for power supply
operation.
a. Rectifier diode
b. Light Emitting Diode
c. Zener diode
d. All the above
2. Is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides
the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.
a. Rectifier diode
c. Zener diode
d. Bridge rectifier diode
3. A diode allows current to flow from its anode to its cathode like a normal semiconductor
diode, but it is also permits current to flow in the reverse direction
a. Rectifier diode
c. Zener diode
4. A two lead semiconductor light source. It is a P-N junction diode, which emits light when
activated.
a. Rectifier diode
c. Zener diode
5. A good diode identify by testing of?
a. Forward and reverse bias test
b. Resistance
c. Capacity
d. None of the above

36
Answer key 7.5
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A

37
Transistors
1. Testing transistor
2. Identify the function of transistor
3. identifying the fault of transistor
4. testing Transistor using multitester
5. Identify the different types of Transistor
Introduction:
Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals
for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's
terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals.
Transistor as a switch[edit]
Transistors are commonly used in digital

circuits as electronic switches which can be either
in an "on" or "off" state, both for high-power
applications such as switched-mode power
supplies and for low-power applications such
as logic gates. Important parameters for this
application include the current switched, the
voltage handled, and the switching speed,
characterised by the rise and fall times.
In a grounded-emitter transistor circuit, such as
the light-switch circuit shown, as the base voltage
rises, the emitter and collector currents rise
exponentially. The collector voltage drops because of reduced resistance from collector to
emitter. If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (or near zero), the
collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply
voltage. This is called saturation because current is flowing from collector to emitter freely.
When saturated, the switch is said to be on.

38
Transistor as an amplifier
The common-emitter amplifier is designed so

that a small change in voltage (Vin) changes
the small current through the base of the
transistor; the transistor's current amplification
combined with the properties of the circuit
means that small swings in Vin produce large
changes in Vout.
Various configurations of single transistor
amplifier are possible, with some providing
current gain, some voltage gain, and some
both.
From mobile phones to televisions, vast
numbers of products include amplifiers
for sound reproduction, radio transmission,
and signal processing. The first discrete-
transistor audio amplifiers barely supplied a
few hundred milliwatts, but power and audio
fidelity gradually increased as better
transistors became available and amplifier
architecture evolved.
TRANSISTOR TREE

39
Bipolar Junction Transistor
The BJT transistors have three terminals named emitter (E), Base (B), Collector (C). The name
itself indicates that it has two junctions between p-type and n-type semiconductors. The BJT
transistors are classified in to NPN and PNP transistors depending on the construction.
Two types of BJT Transistor
1. NPN transistor
2. PNP transistor
NPN transistor
NPN is one of the two types of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT). The NPN transistor consists
of two n-type semiconductor materials and they are separated by a thin layer of p-type
semiconductor. Here the majority charge carriers are electrons and holes are the minority
charge carriers. The flowing of electrons from emitter to collector forms the current flow in the
transistor through the base terminal.
PNP transistor
The PNP is another type of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT). The PNP transistors contain
two p-type semiconductor materials and are separated by a thin layer of n-type semiconductor.
The majority charge carriers in the PNP transistors are holes and electrons are minority charge
carriers. The arrow in the emitter terminal of transistor indicates the flow of conventional
current. In PNP transistor the current flows from Emitter to Collector.

40
FET (Field Effect Transistor)
The Field-Effect-Transistor (FET) is another transistors type. Basically the FET transistors
have three terminals they are gate (G), Drain (D) and Source (S). FET transistors are classified
into Junction Field Effect transistors (JFET) and Insulated Gate FET (IG-FET) or MOSFET
transistors. For the connections in the circuit we also consider fourth terminal called base or
substrate. The FET transistors have control on the size and shape of a channel between
source and drain which is created by applied voltage. The FET transistors are uni-polar
transistors because they perform single channel operation where as BJT transistors are bipolar
junction transistors. The FET transistors have high current gain than BJT transistors.
Two types of FET(Field Effect Transistor)

1. Junction FET
2. Metal Oxide Semiconductor(MOSFET)
JFET (Junction-Field Effect Transistor)
The Junction-Field-Effect transistor (JFET) is an

earliest and simple type of FET transistors.
These JFETs are used as switches, amplifiers
and resistors. This transistor is a voltage
controlled device. It doesn’t need any biasing
current. The voltage applied between gate and
source controls the flow of electric current
between source and drain of a transistor. The
JFET transistors are available in both N-channel
and P-channel types.
MOSFET
Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is most useful type of among all
transistors. The name itself indicates that it contains metal gate terminal. The MOSFET has
four terminals drain, source, gate and body or substrate (B). MOSFET has many advantages
over BJT and JFET, mainly it offer high input impedance and low output impedance. It is used
in low power circuits mainly in chip designing technologies.
The MOSFET transistors are available in depletion and enhancement types. Further the
depletion and enhancement types are classified into N-channel and P-channel types.

41
Transistor Letter marking Indication
Transistor style include small, medium, and large power and special regulator types. The
transistor number tells you what type of transistor it is and whether it is low frequency, high
frequency, NPN, PNP FET, MOSFET,:
• A - transistor PNP type , high frequency
• B – transistor PNP type, low frequency
• C – transistor NPN type, High frequency
• D- transistor NPN type , low frequency
• 2SA- transistor PNP type , high frequency
• 2SB- transistor PNP type, low frequency
• 2SC- transistor NPN type, High frequency
• 2SD- transistor NPN type , low frequency
• 2SJ- FET, P channel
• 25K- FET, N channel
• 35K- MOSFET, N channel
• 3N- MOSFET, Dual triacs
• 4N- Opto devices
TESTING BJT transistor PNP and NPN
When testing BJT transistor the positive probe make it a negative and the negative test probe
make it positive probe
Bipolar transistor are checked usually out of a circuit by means of an ohmmeter. The test
procedure is based on the theory that a transistor is like two diodes connected together as
shown below.

42
Determining base by testing.

43
Identifying collector and emitter
SIMPLEST TRANSISTOR TESTER

The simplest transistor tester uses a 9v battery, 1k resistor and a LED (any colour).
Keep trying a transistor in all different combinations until you get one of the circuits
below. When you push on the two leads, the LED will get brighter.
The transistor will be NPN or PNP and the leads will be identified:

44
Self-check 7.5
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the correct answer and write your anwer in a sheet of paper
1. a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical

power.
a. Diode
b. Capacitor
c. Transformer
d. Transistor
2. What are the two types of transistor
a. NPN and PNP transistor
b. BJT and FET transistor
c. JFET and MOSFET
d. P channel
e. N channel
3. What are the two types of bipolar junction transistor
a. NPN and PNP transistor
b. BJT and FET transistor
c. JFET and MOSFET
d. P channel and N channel
4. A. transistor consists of two n-type semiconductor materials and they are separated by
a thin layer of p-type semiconductor.
a. NPN transistor
b. PNP transistor
c. Junction Field Effect Transistor
d. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
5. A transistors contain two p-type semiconductor materials and are separated by a thin
layer of n-type semiconductor.
a. NPN transistor
b. PNP transistor
6. Is most useful type of among all transistors. The name itself indicates that it contains
metal gate terminal.
a. NPN transistor
b. PNP transistor
7. What are the name of tree terminal of Bipolar junction transistor
a. Drain,gate,source
b. Base,collector,emitter
c. In, ground,out
d. None of the above

45
Answer key 7.5
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. B

46
Integrated Circuit (IC)
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or

a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor
material, normally silicon. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip
resulted in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller, cheaper, and faster than those
constructed of discrete electronic components. The IC's mass production capability, reliability
and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in
place of designs using discrete transistors. ICs are now used in virtually all electronic
equipment and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and
other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies,
made possible by the small size and low cost of ICs.

47
Inductors
An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
stores electrical energy in a magnetic field when electric current is flowing through it.[1] An
inductor typically consists of an electric conductor, such as a wire, that is wound into a coil.
When the current flowing through an inductor changes, the time-varying magnetic field induces
a voltage in the conductor, described by Faraday's law of induction. According to Lenz's law,
the direction of induced electromotive force (e.m.f.) opposes the change in current that created
it. As a result, inductors oppose any changes in current through them.
An inductor is characterized by its inductance, which is the ratio of the voltage to the rate of
change of current. In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of inductance is
the henry (H). Inductors have values that typically range from 1 µH (10−6H) to 1 H. Many
inductors have a magnetic core made of iron or ferrite inside the coil, which serves to increase
the magnetic field and thus the inductance. Along with capacitors and resistors, inductors are
one of the three passive linear circuit elements that make up electronic circuits. Inductors are
widely used in alternating current (AC) electronic equipment, particularly in radio equipment.
They are used to block AC while allowing DC to pass; inductors designed for this purpose are
called chokes. They are also used in electronic filters to separate signals of
different frequencies, and in combination with capacitors to make tuned circuits, used to tune
radio and TV receivers.

48
Voltage regulator
A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage
regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control
loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on
the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where
they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. In
automobile alternators and central power station generator plants, voltage regulators control
the output of the plant. In an electric power distribution system, voltage regulators may be
installed at a substation or along distribution lines so that all customers receive steady voltage
independent of how much power is drawn from the line.

49
After completed this module you must proceed to Institutional assessment
that was given in your trainer the assessment will be the written test,
demonstration and oral interview.
Before moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be
awarded to you after passing the evaluation.

50

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Qualification Title : ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND

Unit of Competency : TEST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Module Title : TESTING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

Welcome to the Unit of Competency “Test electronic components” is one of the

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

No. Unit of competency Module title Code

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Qualification Title : Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing NCII

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Answer self-check 7.1

Read information sheet 7.2 After reading the Information sheet

Read information sheet 7.3

Read information sheet 7.4

Read information sheet 7.5

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Most SMPS have a resistor to drain the charge in the main

3. Safety requirement in calibrating measuring equipment.

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Leak- If the multitester pointer is in the middle of meter scale

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Two designed of transformer the step-up transformer and step down

Different types of transformer

Doughnut shaped toroidal transformer save space compared to E-I

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

testing transformer in a Multitester

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Different types of switch:

Rocker switch Toggle switch Tact switch Footswitch

Selector switch Slider switch

Relay switch- A relay is an electromechanical device having one

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

1. an electronic/electrical device consisting of two or more coils coupled

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

1. Laminated core transformer

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

ohms -the unit of measurement of the resistance

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

Potentiometer Rheostat Trimmer

Non linear Resistor

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

ex. the color code is Green, blue, brown gold

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

SM Resistor/ surface mounted resistor

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

1. A electronic device that resist the flow of current

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

II give the exact value of carbon resistor below

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

CBLM in Test electronic Date developed:Feb 20, 2017

26. value: 10,000 Ω 5% or 10k Ω 28. value;1000Ω or 1K 5%

27. value: 560 Ω 5%