EEE 106 - Electric Machinery

Laboratory 6

DC Motor Report

Presented by

Group 4

64070504012 Yosita Raksasat

64070504013 Ronnakorn Auesoonthornpanich

64070504016 Supakorn Charamat

64070504024 Boon Hawaree

64070504026 Vareenit Phongviroj

King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi

Semester 2/2022

Lab 6: Controlling the DC motor

 ภาคปฎิบัติที่ 6 : การควบคุมมอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง
วัตถุประ งค์
1. เพื่อ กึ าการทางานของมอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง
2. เพื่อ กึ าและ าค่าพารามิเตอร์ต่าง ๆ ของ งจร มมูลย์ของมอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรงได้
3. เพื่อ กึ าการค บคุมขณะเริ่มทางาน การค บคุมทิ ทาง มุน และ การค บคุมค ามเร็ ของมอเตอร์ได้

M G
N N
DC shunt motor Synchronous Generator

รูปที่ 6.1 DC Shunt Motor กับ Synchronous Generator

EEE106 Electrical Machinery หน้าที่ 64 Electrical Engineering, KMUTT

 10 A R1
A1

+ R2 A
VS V Z
- 300 V
ZZ AA
N
DCรูปทีshunt
่ 6.2 DCmotor
Shut Motor
1A 2.5 A
U1 A a
A
F1 V 300 V
U2
+ N n
V 300 V W1 V2
N
Vf - F2
If V1 b
W1 c
รูปที่ 6.3 Synchronous Generator

รูปที่ 6.4 รูปถ่าย DC Shut Motor รูปที่ 6.5 รูปถ่าย Synchronous Generator

EEE106 Electrical Machinery หน้าที่ 65 Electrical Engineering, KMUTT

 การทดลองมอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง
1. การกลับทิ ทางการ มุน ใช้กฎมือซ้ายของเฟลมมิ่ง
𝑉𝑡 −𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
2. การปรับค ามเร็ รอบ จาก ูตร N=
𝐾𝑎 ∅
ค ามเร็ รอบจะแปรผันตรงกับแรงดันที่ป้อน N ∝ VS
1
และจะแปรผกผันกับฟลักซ์ นามแม่เ ล็ก N∝
∅

การทดลองมอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง ( Shunt Motor )

1. กลับทิ ทางการ มุน
2. ปรับเปลี่ยนค ามเร็ รอบ

อุปกรณ์การทดลอง
1. มอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรงแบบขนาน ( Shunt Motor ) 1 ชุด
2. แ ล่งจ่ายไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง Vs1 0-250 V 1 ชุด
3. เครื่อง ัดแรงดันไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง ( DC Voltmeter ) 1 ชุด
4. เครื่อง ัดกระแ ไฟฟ้ากระแ ตรง ( DC Ammeter ) 1 ชุด
5. ค ามต้านทานปรับค่าได้ R1 20 Ω พิกัด 5 A 1 ตั
6. ค ามต้านทานปรับค่าได้ R2 2000 Ω พิกัด 0.5 A 1 ตั
7. เครื่อง ัดค ามเร็ รอบ 1 ตั
8. มัลติมิเตอร์ (Multimeter) 1 ตั

วิธีการทดลอง
1. ก่อนการลองทุกครั้ง นัก กึ าจาเป็นต้องทราบพิกัดของมอเตอร์ โดยการอ่านจาก Nameplate ของมอเตอร์
ก่อน
1) แรงดันพิกัด 230 V
2) กระแ พิกัด S A
3) ค ามเร็ พิกัด 1500 rpm ( รอบ/นาที )
6
4) จาน นขั้ pole
5) พิกัดกาลัง 1
kW

EEE106 Electrical Machinery หน้าที่ 66 Electrical Engineering, KMUTT

2. ดั ค่าค ามต้านทานของขดล ด
ค ามต้านทานของอาเมเจอร์ Ra ( ัดระ ่าง A กับ AA ) = 2.2 Ω
ค ามต้านทานของขดล ดขนาน RZ ( ัดระ ่าง Z กับ ZZ ) = 0.56 KΩ

3. ต่อ งจร DC Shunt Motor ตามพิกัดที่กา นด

4. ปรับ R1 = ูง ุด R2 = 0 Ω
5. ป้อนแรงดันเข้าตั มอเตอร์จนมอเตอร์เกิดการเคลื่อนตั
ัดค่าแรงดัน VS = 172 V , กระแ IA = 1 A ทิ ทางการ มุน nowicz
6. ลดแรงดัน = 0 V ลับ Z-ZZ
7. ป้อนแรงดันเข้าตั มอเตอร์จนมอเตอร์เกิดการเคลื่อนตั
ัดค่าแรงดัน VS = V , กระแ IA = A ทิ ทางการ มุน MINIW
-
-

8. ลดแรงดัน = 0 V ลับ Z-ZZ ไ ้ที่เดิมแล้ ลับ A-AA

9. ป้อนแรงดันเข้าตั มอเตอร์จนมอเตอร์เกิดการเคลื่อนตั
ัดค่าแรงดัน VS = -

V , กระแ IA = ~

A ทิ ทางการ มุน nowiz

10. ลดแรงดัน = 0 V และ ลับ A-AA ไ ท้ ี่เดิม
11. ปรับเปลี่ยนค ามเร็ รอบ R1 = ูง ุด R2 = 0 V เมือ่ มอเตอร์เริ่ม มุนแล้ ใ ้ปรับ R1 เท่ากับ 0 Ω
12. เพราะ R1 มี น้าที่ลดกระแ ตาร์ท R2 มี น้าที่ลดกระแ If เพื่อปรับค ามเร็ รอบ

ปรับแรงดันไฟฟ้าที่จ่ายเข้ามอเตอร์จนมอเตอร์เกิดการ มุน
แรงดัน 50 V 100 V 150 V 220 V
ค ามเร็ รอบ 362 338 718 947

ปรับ R2 ค่าที่ 1 ค่าที่ 2 ค่าที่ 3 ค่าที่ 4 = 1500 รอบ/rpm

ค ามเร็ รอบ 1124 1336 1236 1531

วิจารณ์ผลการทดลอง

EEE106 Electrical Machinery หน้าที่ 67 Electrical Engineering, KMUTT

Discussion (Yosita Raksasat 64070504012)
In the DC motor, there are two main components which are the stator and the
rotor. The outer part of the DC motor is “the stator” and the internal part is called “the
rotor” which is the rotating part. Another important part is the wiring types, there are two
types of wire which are field wiring and armature wiring. The field wiring is the wire that
creates the magnetic field and is located at the stator part of the DC motor. The armature
wiring is the electrical receiver or giver. The rotor will rotate according to the polarity of
the magnetic field created by the field wiring.
There are four types of wiring connections in a DC motor which are separating
connection (each wire has its own voltage source), shunt connection (contains only one
voltage source), series connection, and compound connection (the mixture of shunt and
series connections).
While using the DC motor, there are three main things we need to consider which
are
1). Starting current: When the motor is starting, the current will suddenly be rising
approximately 5 to 10 times the normal operating current. To let the motor start
appropriately as well as following the safety procedure, we will reduce the starting
current as much as possible so that the current does not exceed the maximum current.
After the motor starts rotating, we will then increase the current to its normal operating
current. To solve this problem, we will use the variable resistor where its value will be
maximum in the beginning and then, reduce the resistance when the motor starts rotating.
2). Rotating direction: In order to change the rotating direction, we will switch the
polarity of the voltage source either field wiring or armature wiring.
3). Velocity of DC motor:
3.1 Control by varying voltage source: By increasing the voltage source, we can
increase the speed of the motor.

3.2 Control field: Another method to control the velocity of the motor is to reduce
the flux of the magnetic field at the stator. To reduce the flux, we will reduce the current
provided for the stator which is the field wiring by using the second variable resistor. In
the starting period, the second variable resistor at the field wiring needs to be zero and
slowly increase its resistance to reduce the magnetic flux when the motor is in a normal
state. Thus, the velocity of the motor will be increased.
In the DC motor experiment, the first step we do is to check whether the circuit is
correctly connected. Next, before we start the experiment, we need to make sure that the
initial resistance of the first variable resistor at the armature wiring is at maximum so that
it will reduce the starting current as much as possible. Also, the resistance of the second
variable resistor should be at zero. After checking everything, we will start the turn on the
voltage source. Then, we will see that the motor is starting to rotate and at the same time,
we will reduce the first variable resistor to zero as the motor is in the normal state. To
increase the speed of the motor, we will control it by varying the voltage source and
making sure that it does not exceed the maximum voltage the motor can receive. After
controlling the speed by varying the voltage source, if the motor speed is still not much,
we will control the field by increasing the resistance of the second variable resistor at the
field wiring to be positive.

Conclusion (Yosita Raksasat 64070504012)

As we conducted the experiment, it can be concluded that the experiment's results
matched the theoretical knowledge we learned from the class. First, we proved that the
starting current of the motor is extremely high. Thus, we set the highest resistance in the
first variable resistor. After the motor is in a normal state, as we vary the voltage source,
the speed of the motor is increasing as expected. Next, we control the motor speed by
increasing the resistance of the second variable resistor. The speed of the motor is
increasing as expected too. Thus, all the procedures and the results from this experiment
are correct and match the theory of the DC motor.
Discussion (Ronnakorn Auesoonthornpanich 64070504013)

For the DC motor, there are 2 main components which are stator and rotor. The stator
will have field wiring and at the rotator have armature wiring. The rotor is connected with the
commutator and carbon brush where it will receive and give current to the armature to rotate.
The armature can rotate by the magnetic field from the field wiring of the stator where it will be
most efficient at the parallel with the armature coil. There are four ways to connect the motor
which are separate, shunt, series and compound.

There are three main things to concern about the DC motor which are the current when it
starts, the rotating direction of the motor and the velocity control of the motor. For the first one
which is the start current, when the motor starts normally, the current will increase to 5-10 times
from normal. To reduce the start current, the variable resistor(R1) needs to connect at the
armature at the highest value of resistor. After the starting phase, the resistor(R1) can be
reduced to increase the current to flow in the armature normally. Secondly the rotating direction,
to change the rotating direction, the current that flows into the coil needs to be inverted its
polarity at only one coil. Lastly is to control the velocity of the motor, in this step there are two
ways to do it by controlling the voltage source and controlling the field. To make the motor rotate
faster, the voltage source can be adjusted to the maximum value that the motor can receive.
Even if the voltage source is at the maximum, the motor will not be at its highest speed. We
need to reduce the flux at the field wiring by increasing the resistance from the variable
resistor(R2). If we decrease the resistance(R2), the voltage will drop the same, so we need to
adjust the voltage to be at the same value. When the flux decreases, the motor can rotate
faster.

In the experiment, the dc motor is connected in the shunt or as we know that parallel.
There are the variable resistors before armature and field wiring. By setting the R1 which in front
of the armature at its maximum value to reduce the start current and reducing it until it reaches
minimum. And the R2 set to 0Ω and slowly increase it to make motor rotate faster. We monitor
its current and voltage by connecting the ammeter at both resistor and voltmeter at the voltage
source. The rpm of the motor can be measured by the tachometer and recording all the data.
The experiment is measuring the rpm with two conditions by changing the voltage and
resistance of R2. The voltage values are set at 50V, 100V, 150V and 200V. The result shows
that the motor rotates faster following the rising of voltage which is 362, 538, 718 and 947 in
order. Then the R2 is set to be 4 constant at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the resistor. For this
the increase of R2 will reduce flux and make the motor rotate faster to its fastest.

Conclusion (Ronnakorn Auesoonthornpanich 64070504013)

In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment is to study how the dc motor works. For the

dc motor, there are three important things which start current, rotating direction and velocity . In

the experiment the dc motor is connected in a shunt. Then we design the experiment by

measuring and correcting the result of the rpm of the motor with the difference voltage and

resistance of R2. The results are following the theory that if the voltage is increasing the velocity

of the motor will increase too same as the resistance R2 that will reduce flux to make the motor

rotate faster.
Discussion 64070504016 Supakorn Charamat

On this laboratory we learn about how to operate and how the dc motor work in depth.

DC motor has 2 main component which are Rotor and Stator. Stator are the part that can

not be move and it include Field coils. Rotors are the part that movable which are

includes Armature Commutator and Brush. Field wiring at the stator is the wire that sent

electricity to create a magnetic field. Next is Armature wire which will make the rotor

move to the direction of the magnetic field by the armature wiring are consist of many

wire because more armature wiring we have the motor can rotates faster due to the

direction of the armature that will generate more torque when it’s at the ideal position.

The next component in the motor is Commutator. Commutator will separate the rotor and

stator part and it will include the wiring that will connect to the brush. And last is Brush.

Brush will conduct an electricity from stator to rotor.

After we know the component inside motor next is the 3 important things to

operate the DC motor. First is starting current. When we start the motor, It will

consume 5-10 times of the normal operating current so we should reduce the current

when we start motor by using variable resistor and increase it slowly when the time pass

to prevent the trip or meltdown of the cutout. Second thing is Direction of the motor. We

should know that which direction the motor are going to go by checking polarity that

come into armature or field wiring. Third is the speed of motor. We can control the speed

of motor by decreasing/increasing the voltage or decreasing/increasing the magnetic flux

when there is high flux it will generate more torque which is good when we are starting
motor but it will slow down rpm. But if we have low flux RPM will be higher and the

torque will decrease which will make the motor run faster. Lastly we learn about the

connection of the DC motor. There are three main types of connection. Shunt connection,

series connection, and compound connection.

Now for the experiment. We want to know: 1. Is the starting of the motor really

consume 5-10 times more than normal operation current? 2. When we switch the polarity

will the rotating direction change? 3. If we increase the R2 which will decrease flux and

put more voltage will the motor rotate faster. Firstly, we need to check the nameplate,

component of the DC motor and all the connection of all the wiring. Let’s start the first

experiment. We set the R1 to the maximum value to decrease the starting current

according to the theory above then we slowly decrease the R1 value and the motor will

rotate faster due to the increasing of current. For the second experiment we just swap the

wire at the coil and we can see that the motor is swapping the direction according to

theory. And third experiment we start the motor by R1 is at maximum value that will

prevent the overloading and R2 at minimum value to increase the flux. After we start the

motor, we slowly decrease R1 to minimum value to see the RPM of the motor when it’s

at normal operation current, we slowly increase R2 to decrease the flux and make the

motor go faster. When we decrease the flux for about 50% the motor will run faster and

the voltage will start to drop due to the increasing of R2. And that will conclude all the

experiment.
Conclusion 64070504016 Supakorn Charamat

In this lab we learn about all the DC motor component in details and simple

theory of DC motor. After that we learn how to safely operate DC motor and all the

connection types of the DC motor. Then we learn to design the experiment by the method

of us is we design the experiment to prove the theory. After that we learn to observe and

conclude every knowledge that we learn.

Discussion(Boon Hawaree 6407054024)
DC motor consists of two windings; 1.field winding which are at the stator of the
motor. 2. Armature winding are at the rotor of the motor. The role of the field winding is
to create the magnetic field between the armature. The current flow to the armature coil
and are perpendicular to the magnetic field. The resultant force will be perpendicular to
the both current and magnetic field direction. Overall, the resultant force created by the
current flowing in and out of the coil will be in opposite side which makes the motor
rotates. As the resultant force is most powerful when the coil are at the same plane as the
magnetic field. Commutator are added to sperate the coil part, and make the circuit only
closed when the coil and the direction of the magnetic field are at the same plane.

There are three connection types of DC motor; shunt, series and compound. Each
type of connection has its own advantages. But in this experiment, the compound
connection will be used and will be connected in shunt.

There are three main concerns regarding the DC motor control; The starting
current, Rotating direction, and voltage control. Firstly, the experiment was designed for
observing the starting current which will theoretically increase by 5 - 10 times of normal
operation state due to the required high torque for overcoming the inertia that is created at
the stop state. The current meter is connected between the armature and the resistor R1,
which will be firstly set at the maximum resistance to reduce the starting current
according to ohm's law, which could read the peak starting current of 1.8 amperes.
Compared to the starting process with the minimum R1 resistance, the peak starting
current was so highly increased that the meter pin moved to 10 ampere and it’s
hypothesized to be more than that due to the low resistance. The ratio is in the range of
5-10 according to the theory.

In the second part, the controlling of rotation direction was proved by swapping
the polarity of one coil and comparing it to swapping at both coils. Inverting the polarity
at both coils resulted in the rotation in the same direction as not only the direction of the
magnetic field was inverted but the direction of the current flow was also inverted. This
makes the rotor’s resultant force result in the same direction as not inverting any coil.
Whereas inverting only one coil either at armature or field wiring could invert the
rotation direction as the resultant force of the rotor changes.

Thirdly, observing the speed control by increasing voltage. This shows the process
of the DC motor operation from starting to the maximum speed. After turning on the
supply and reducing R1 to the minimum, the speed of the motor is observed by increasing
the supply voltage until it nearly reaches the limit of 230V as written on the nameplate of
the motor. Despite that, the speed still could be increased by reducing the flux of the
magnetic field as stated in the equation that the magnetic flux is inversely proportional to
the speed of the motor. To decrease the flux, the resistance R2 before the stator must be
increased. As stated in the result, the speed of the motor is increased by reducing the
magnetic flux and increasing the supply voltage according to the theory.

Conclusion(Boon Hawaree 64070504024)

The objective of this experiment is to study the construction of DC motor, the

control, its parameter, and the circuit connecting type. The field winding of DC motor
will be located at the stator and the armature winding are at the rotor. Controlling DC
motors has 3 main concerns which are the starting current, rotating direction, and speed
control. All the experiment results are true according to the theory that the burst starting
current of the shunt DC motor could be solved by inputting a high amount of resistance
R1, the rotating direction could be controlled by swapping the polarity at only one coil,
and the speed could be increased and controlled by the increment of the voltage source
and reduction of magnetic flux of the stator.
Discussion(Vareenit Phongviroj 64070504026)

For this laboratory, we have learned about the DC motor. This machine is the
result of mechanical energy from electrical energy. The motor contains two main parts
which are rotor and stator.

In a stator, the electricity is passed to it through the field wiring around them
which creates the magnetic field that can work with the rotator. There are many wires
around the rotor which are armature and the commutator contact patch is used to send the
electricity to wires. Both the magnetic field wiring of the stator and rotator’s angle need
to be perpendicular with each other in order to get the maximum torque. The motor
wiring can be considered in four different ways which are separate, shunt, series, and
compound. Other than separate connections, all of the others are self-exist.

For our lab motor we need to consider the current when starting the motor as the
current will be very high and reach the peak that can trip the breaker. To reduce this
current, we need to use the variable resistor in max value and the low voltage. This can
help to overcome the inertia of the rotor. After that we increase the speed by slowly
decrease the resistor value till minimum. Moreover, we control the magnetic flux by
using the second variable resistor. From the start, the value of this is zero which generates
the torque to reduce the inertia of the motor. Then we have to increase the speed of the
motor by slowly increasing the second resistor value till the positive region but not
maximum. This will reduce the magnetic flux and the speed is increased. The rotating
direction of the motor can be change by switching the supply power from positive to
negative current to one of the coil.

Conclusion(Vareenit Phongviroj 64070504026)

To conclude, we did the laboratory to run the DC motor. DC motor converts

electrical energy into mechanical energy through the interaction of magnetic fields. After
learning about the theory, we carefully do the experiment, connect the supply and
resistors to each part of the motor, then record the data accordingly and get the results as
the theory. The stator and rotor need the supply power through the wiring to create the
magnetic field. We need to consider the starting current and speed of the motor which can
be adjusted with the help of two variable resistors. And the rotating direction can be
change by switching one of the coil.