TAMBAY AT HOME: THE STUDENT'S PERCEPTION OF UNEMPLOYMENT

A Qualitative Research Presented to

The Faculty of the Senior High School Department

Doña Carmen Denia National High School

Toril, Davao City

In partial fulfillment of the

Requirements in Practical Research 1

Garma, Christine

Apas, Trisha Mae

Larisma, Roshane

Bansag ,Jhon Paul

Librea, Adrian Josh

Tanggapan, Vissy Fhait

JULY 2023
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Increasing unemployment has been a problem for the economy and with our health.

This study focused on students' perception of unemployment, the challenges of being

unemployed and the coping mechanism to cope with this matter. Those who are unemployed

commonly lose sight of their emotional, mental, and physical well-being. The purpose of this

study is to inform students about unemployment and how it affects their lives. The students'

viewpoint will help to highlight their thoughts and the path that they are going to take to have a

brighter future.

According to Gerardi et al., (2013) Higher education is an essential component of

preparing future community members for societal responsibilities. College graduates expect to

find a higher-paid job after earning their degree than do high school grads, and a rise in

unemployment impacts people’s well-being. The fear of unemployment affects how students

prepare for their careers because college students occasionally think about continuing their

education after their senior year and because they frequently select majors in the natural sciences

rather than the humanities or other social sciences

But more importantly in Chomsky Cognitive Development Theory, perspective view's

opinion, coping mechanism on unemployment, challenges difficulties encounter, it’s a matter of

mind how will the person digest or understand a situation. The main goal of this theory is to

determine the existence of mental states such as desire of knowledge, idea, beliefs, and

motivation to a person. According to Chomsky (1998) “The smart way to keep people passive
and obedient is to strictly limit the spectrum of acceptable opinion, but allow very lively debate

within that spectrum even encourage the more critical and dissident views”

In Doña Carmen Denia National High School a lot of students are pressured about their

future. What specific job will they pursue? Senior high school students deal with a lot of pressure

and academic challenges. It’s because they can’t locate a career path that’s right for their

upcoming employment. They are being held back by their families and society’s pressure and

other challenges because they are unable to decide. Yet gradually they develop new approaches

to get around the obstacles in their path.

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to know the students’ perception on Unemployment.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1.What are the perceptions of students on unemployment?

2.What are the challenges and Difficulties of unemployment?

3.What are the coping mechanisms to avoid unemployment?

Objectives of the Study

This study aims to find out what the public and students think about unemployment and

the study that we are conducting on them:

1. To give knowledge and learn about the topic.

2. To validate the insights of the students

3. To better understand the situation and find answers to the questions.

Significance of the Study

Primarily, the study aims to investigate the impact of unemployment on the psychological

well-being of students. The researcher believes that their study would be beneficial to the

following:

Students: They will benefit from this research topic to have knowledge about

unemployed people, and what it will cause.

Teacher: They will benefit from this study for the proper teaching to the student that

being unemployed will damage the country’s wealth.

School Administration: They will benefit from this research study to educate more

people about being unemployed personnel will be damaged the country, and they can establish

proper discipline among the student about the result of being unemployed personnel

Future Researchers: As a Researcher, they should research more about the

information about being an unemployed person. The Importance of it to find reliable sources.

And it can help them with their research someday.

Scope and Limitations

Primarily the study aims to discover and collect from the students of Doña Carmen Denia

National High School by asking them their thoughts and ideas about this certain research topic

and their insight about this study.

Furthermore, the study delimits the participants which are bounded only to the students of

Doña Carmen Denia High School Since we only have a limited number of proponents to

interview, we decided to choose 6 proponents to be part of the study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally in the context of this study:

Tambay – Refers to a loafer (n.) a person who does nothing.

Home – Refers to a house, apartment, or another shelter that is the usual residence of a

person, family, or household.

Perception - Refers to a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a

mental impression.

Unemployed - Refers to not having a paid job—not being employed. A person who’s

described as unemployed is typically out of work and looking for a job.

People – Refers to a collective group or indeterminate number, and persons serves better

when referring to individual.

 CHAPTER 2

Related Literature and Studies

This evaluation includes citations to pertinent research as well as well-known and lesser-

known literary pieces. student opinions about unemployment. The 1950s marked the beginning

of the official recognition of unemployment as a major issue. We took into account the fact that

both men and women endure high rates of unemployment while developing measures to reduce

unemployment in the next years. Our research reveals that the unemployment problem is brought

on by some people working in line with their age (B, 2020).

The research aims to fill the knowledge gap by extending previous themes. The article

also tries to offer unique and specific perspectives on other important subjects, such as how to

handle students' views on unemployment. This study aims to evaluate graduates who are

unemployed in terms of their general communication abilities during job interviews. While

unemployed graduates from private HEIs (IPTS) have stronger general communication abilities

than those from public HEIs (IPTAs), male unemployed graduates appear to have higher general

communication skills than their female counterparts.

The results of the ANOVA tests conducted with the MUET band scores, and general

communication abilities revealed an upward trend, with the mean of general communication

skills increasing as the MUET band score increased. The qualitative data that matched the data

from the quantitative study further strengthened the conclusions. The relationship between

general communication skills and communication apprehension is another equally significant

study finding. (Alias, Sidhu, Fook, 2013) One of the biggest issues facing industrialized and

developed countries alike, as well as less developed and developing nations, is unemployment.
 It describes the depth of the hardship that a household may experience. Age dependency

ratio was added as a second explanatory variable to explore this aspect of unemployment, with

the assumption being not high age dependency ratio would lead to lower unemployment. Okun's

Law and Philips Curve were confirmed in the Philippines over the period from 1980 to 2009,

with unemployment being found to be inversely correlated with inflation and economic growth.

A positive correlation between the age dependency ratio and unemployment was also discovered,

however, it is not statistically significant. (Resurrection 2014).

Coping Understanding of the Student About Unemployment

A crucial part of preparing future community members for societal obligations is higher

education. When compared to high school graduates, college graduates anticipate finding a

higher-paying job after completing their degree, and an increase in unemployment affects

people's well-being (Winkelmann, 2009). Because college students occasionally consider

continuing their education after their senior year and because they tend to choose majors in the

natural sciences rather than the humanities or other social sciences, the fear of unemployment

affects how students prepare for their careers. (Bedard & Herman, 2008).

However, two students who select the same major may not always have the same

employment prospects or expected wages (Carnevale & Cheah, 2013). To lower the chance of

future unemployment, college students must be more cautious in their planning in this area. Even

though persons with higher levels of education have better access to resources for training,

knowledge, and job searches, recent graduates still struggle to find work. (Cairo and Cajner,

2016).

Fear affects certain students' plans for their job decision. The majority of college

students, however, prefer to major in natural science over humanities or other subjects because
they find it more enjoyable to study in that field. Because some students may find it challenging

to master the course of their choice, students who are enrolled in the same strand of study may

not receive the same job offer. The teacher required students to choose the course they wanted

for their future careers in this regard. While some students with higher knowledge may have

more opportunities to secure a position in research.

College Students' Perception of Unemployment Under the Pandemic Crisis

Apparently, Benati, L. (2001) To evaluate the moderating effects of perceptions of lower

employment possibilities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' employment

pressure, a model based on the stress interaction theory was created. The mechanism and

boundary conditions of the perceived loss in employment options on the employment pressure of

college students were explored in this study from both individual and environmental

perspectives. Support for employment policies and self-efficacy in job searches were introduced

as two moderating variables.

The impact of the epidemic on the employment pressure of college students has received

less attention in previous research on employment stress in college students than other aspects

such as the influencing factors of employment stress in college students (Tang and Sun, 2021),

the relationship with subjective wellbeing (Liu, 2019), physical and mental health (Chen, 2010),

and coping mechanisms for employment stress (Guo et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2022). According

to Smith (1951), stress is the result of a "force field," an environment in which all people and

organizations must contend with forces that are either supporting or defying them.

Normal conditions result in a balance between the forces that drive and restrain job

searchers' pressure to find employment. However, the newest epidemic's onset has had a
substantial impact on the labor market, causing both the labor demand and the number of open

positions to decline. The "force field" will eventually lose its equilibrium due to the increased

inhibition, which is likely to put job searchers under more mental strain.

Benati (2001) the moderating effect of perceptions of lower employed cause is the

COVID pandemic. employment has the pressure of college students that were explored in this

study and has environmental perspectives. The mechanism and boundary condition of the

perceived loss in employment is an option on the employment. So, a lot of college students were

exploring this study by knowing the primary importance of this study, but we all know that most

unemployment happens during the pandemic which affects a lot of people suffering the situation

when the pandemic hit.

Coping The Effect of Unemployment on Our Health

Wanberg (2019) stated that the sophistication of research on the effects of unemployment

has risen, supporting the causal conclusion that unemployment causes losses in psychological

and physical health as well as an increase in the rate of suicide. The risk factors and mechanisms

connected to having poor psychological health when unemployed have been clarified in this

work; less so for physical health and suicide. The study of variables related to reemployment

quality and speed has started to include contributions from psychologists. The last ten years have

shed light on the importance of social networks and the ferocity of job searches for aiding

reemployment. Some people, particularly those who belong to minority groups, may experience

prejudice when looking for a job, according to the evidence. Even though more research is

required in this area, several intervention-based programs have been shown to speed up people's

return to employment.
Unemployment And the Labor Market to Economic Growth

According to Nattras, and Nicoli,. (2014), south Africa has one of the highest rates of

unemployment in the world. Job creation is a national objective, yet labor-intensive solutions are

ridiculed by the trade union movement as an undesirable return to apartheid's "cheap labor"

tactics and are virtually ruled out by the government in its current national development plan

(NDP). Instead, minimum wage setting in south Africa contributes to employment elimination.

Policymakers anticipate that government assistance for high-productivity enterprises and rapid

economic growth will compensate for job losses and alleviate the unemployment crisis.

Unfortunately, south Africa's performance has been disappointing, and it has been hampered by

negative investor sentiment, particularly in the labor market.

The Cause and Effect of Unemployment to a Person

The social stigma that the unemployed are unmotivated, depressed, and lacking in

professional skills or personal resources can make jobless people feel weak and blush, which

may have A negative impact on social connections (Grimmer, 2016). This is from the

perspective of the unemployed themselves. The social identity approach upheld that the social

image that results from group memberships has important consequences for how people view

and feel about themselves, as well as how they are viewed and evaluated by others. Mcfadyen

(1995) argued that the coping mechanisms used by unemployed people to deal with this stigma

could be influenced by whether they categorized themselves as unemployed or adopted some

other categorization. Social identities have A detrimental impact on an individual's self-worth if

they do not offer beneficial resources for group members.

Social Investigation on Unemployment from a Person

According to Clarence M. Batan (2018), Filipinos born in the 1970s experienced the

phenomenon of "waiting for work" as teenagers, commonly known as "istanbay" (help workers)

in the Philippines. The focus is on the typology of istanbul, which emerged from the analysis of

life course data from his three related research projects. (1) A social study (silip) of the life of the

istanbay tribe in the Philippines. (2) istanbul social indicators and models (isip); (3) livelihoods,

opportunities and keys to success in istanbul (kilo) from four research centers; the results

highlight a new typology of istanbul, which shaped and influenced the importance of

vulnerability and gender expectations in the education-employment relationship of the country.

Through negotiation, these elements function as sociological concept points in shaping the

experience of istanbul. The article concludes by underlining how "expectations" in the context of

the istanbul phenomenon in the Philippines seem to be similarly negotiated, shared and

experienced among young people in the global south.

Negative Effect of Unemployment on Social Identity and Stigma.

Unemployment status, like other stigmatized social groups, is embarrassing, and

psychological processes related with social identity and stigma lead to discrimination (Norlander

et al., 2020). People who hold system-justifying beliefs, in particular, are more prone to judge the

unemployed and their deservingness adversely. Beliefs in a just world are more likely to

influence negative perceptions of a jobless person's abilities (Monteith et al., 2016).Most

research has concentrated on the negative effects of job loss on well-being, such as physiological

symptoms, depression, and suicide (Wanberg, 2012), with little attention paid to the impact of

stress, response, and coping with the consequences of job loss (Gowan, 2014). This is also
reflected in the social negative judgment of unemployment and the stigmatization of the

unemployed personal flaws, which leads to less sympathy and, ultimately, adverse hiring

decisions (Monteith et al., 2016).

Student and College Administrators Perception about Unemployment

According to Lorenzo, (2013) Employment and education have become synonymous

with the unemployed and underemployed, but for students living in rural areas, it has become a

lifeline and lifeline for survival today economy community colleges are committed to supporting

these issues in rural areas the communities they serve by providing workforce development and

continuing education programs and curriculum, but not outside of its challenges that directly

affect students or students administrators are responsible for its development and content. The

purpose of this qualitative case was to find out the perceived obstacles in workforce development

and further education programs affecting rural school unemployed and underemployed students

in their geographic service areas. It also provides feedback on their findings for higher education

administrators and explores how they can address and engage with these barriers and improve

design and delivery processes to suit students.

Stigma and Stereotypes about Unemployment to People

According to Krug et., al (2019) For those who are unemployed, seeing unemployed

people is likely to be upsetting. However, there is surprisingly little empirical research on the

variables influencing unemployment stereotypes. This article explores a crucial topic,

specifically how individual's generalized judgments of unemployed people are influenced by

personal and vicarious experiences with unemployment. The research is based on a special data
set that combines panel survey results with detailed, factual information about survey

respondents' and their relatives' employment histories. It demonstrates that having relatives who

are unemployed as well as personally experiencing unemployment results in much more

favorable public attitudes of unemployed persons. Additionally, later investigations suggest that

the impacts diminish once personal and vicarious unemployment experiences are gone.

Viewpoint And Rate of Student on Unemployment

According to Ahlgren (2019) when people entered the workforce after finishing

obligatory school, they felt relief and hope (not in education, employment, or training) research

teens related to their place in the job market from graduation in addition from a life-course

viewpoint, a new emphasis on the significance of macroeconomic influence on social processes

and contextualized mechanisms is brought about by attention to young people's health

experiences of transitions from school to the labor market.

In addition, there is a dearth of research addressing the connection between health

experience and labor market position in various contexts, despite the high rate of youth

unemployment. The goal of this study was to examine the health of NEET when considered in

relation to the many stages of leaving school, joining the workforce, being unemployed, and

finding employment, health experiences can be seen as a contextual process.

The Social Stigma of Unemployment: Consequences of Stigma Consciousness

on Job Search Attitudes, Behavior and Success

Negative effects are linked to unemployment. Empirical evidence for social exclusion

(Hirseland and Ramos Lobato 2014) ill health (Krug and Eberl 2018) and decreased well-being

(Mousteri e., al. 2018), has been presented. Social stigma is seen as one of the main causes for

many of these effects (for a review, see Brand 2015).), etc. Mattocks et al. If it is addressed at all,

it is only in relation to the potential effects of other societal stigmas, such as mental illness or a

criminal record. According to Gurr (2013), a new scale was developed and launched in 2013 to

measure the stigma awareness of the unemployed. First, we confirm that greater stigma is

associated with lower subjective well-being and lower health satisfaction. Based on expectancy-

value theory, we find that those who are more aware of stigma have lower expectations about

finding a job, but they value getting a job highly. However, our main result is that instead of

reducing job searches, unemployed people with higher stigma are more likely to engage in active

job searches, use more job search methods, spend more time searching, and so on. Despite these

positive associations with job search, we find that high stigma is not correlated with

reemployment opportunities.

Statistical analysis of unemployment has taken macro and micro (- covering issues like

job creation and focusing on how each experiences unemployment) and micro (emphasizing

unemployment insurance policies). The current review examines individual-focused

unemployment research, which looked at the experience of unemployment from the viewpoint of

the unemployed person. Unemployment's detrimental effects on psychological health have been

various theories have been used to explain (see for a review, see Creed and Bartrum (2006).
 The latent deprivation model by Jahoda (1982, 1987) has arguably had the most impact.

Jahoda proposed that employment offers benefits to the individual that are both overt (such as

income) and covert (such as time structure, social contact, and sharing of common goals, status,

and activity).

Unemployed people are denied these benefits and consequently have worse psychological

health. There have also been several hypothesized mechanisms by which unemployment is

thought to impact physical health and suicide (Korpi, 2001).

The risk factor and mechanisms connected to having poor psychological health when

unemployed have been clarified in this work, according to Wanberg (2019), who stated that

research on the effect of unemployment has become more sophisticated, less so for suicide and

physical health. Therefore, those who have experience working have a chance to find

employment, making gaining experience on the job extremely important. Of course, we should

all work to gain experience.

Theoretical Framework

This study is based on Avram Noam Chomsky cognition development theory that

cognition is the act of recognizing of a having knowledge. Thus, cognitive development theory

explores the mental processes used in “the formation of all internal processes such as perception,

intuition, and reasoning. According to Schunk (2008) Cognitive psychology differs from

previous psychological approaches in two keyways. It Accepts the use of the scientific method,

and generally rejects introspection as a valid method of Investigation in contrast with such

approaches as Freudian psychology. Additionally, it Explicitly acknowledges the existence of

internal mental states (such as belief, desire, idea, knowledge, and motivation).

The cognitive development theory was created by Chomsky. Since the middle of the 20 th

century, this notion has received a lot more attention. Therefore, cognitive psychology is

concerned with how individuals perceive, comprehend, assess, and think about their actions and

thoughts. “The smart way to keep people passive and obedient is to strictly limit the spectrum of

acceptable opinion but allow very lively debate within that spectrum – even encourage the more

critical and dissident views (Chomsky,1998).

Lastly, according to this Theory of Cognitive Development Theory the mind can either

store new knowledge as “new” information or retrieve old information as “not new” information

when it receives new information. Therefore, cognition also refers to understanding. Perception,

focused attention, and memory are the three fundamental components of cognition or processing.
Figure 1 conceptual framework

Coping
Perspective views Merchanism on Challenges
opinion Unemployment Difficulties encounter

The Students Perception of Unemployment

Conceptual Framework
 The framework of this study is represented in figure 1 The Cognitive Development

Theory (this was published by Avram Noam Chomsky) As seen in the framework its states that

while some mental processes are measurable, it is virtually impossible to adequately establish

what determines how an individual perceives, remembers, thinks, or solves problems. Thus,

cognitive psychology concerns itself with how people perceive, understand, evaluate and think

about their behaviors and thoughts.

From the book of A Primer on Communication Studies, gathering, organizing, and

interpreting information is the process of perception. A stimulus is a component or event that

causes a reaction. Consider perception as the way you see things or how we make sense of what

we observe. Simply said, cognition is the process of understanding. It speaks of the actual

process of learning through perception,

As noted above, Perspective view's opinion, Coping Mechanism on Unemployment,

Challenges Difficulties Encounter, it’s a matter of mind how will the person digest or understand

a situation. The main goal of this theory is to determine the existence of mental states such as

desire of knowledge, idea, beliefs, and motivation to a person. According to Chomsky (1998)

“The smart way to keep people passive and obedient is to strictly limit the spectrum of

acceptable opinion, but allow very lively debate within that spectrum even encourage the more

critical and dissident views”

CHAPTER 3
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, participants, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, data analysis, and ethical considerations.

Method Used

This study utilized the qualitative under the phenomenology. According to Malterud (2001)

it is the interpretation of text produced from discussion or conversation. It is used in the

investigation of the interpretations of social occurrences as experienced by individuals in their

natural environment. Delve. Ho, L., & Limpaecher, A. (2022) stated that phenomenological

research studies actual occurrences to learn more about how people understand experiences.

Source of Data

The specific research location of the study will be in Doña Carmen Denia National High

School under the care of Department of Education (DepEd) third district, Toril, Davao City,

Davao del Sur, including 6 potential participant (3) three girls and three (3) boys needed for the

study.

Data Gathering Instruments

 This study used an interview as a research tool, focusing on how students perceive

unemployment. The researcher prepared a semi-structured question that suited the study. Ryan,

Coughlan and Cronin (2013) stated that an effective way to learn about people’s perceptions,

understandings, and experiences of a certain issue is through individual interviews, which can

also help with the collecting of comprehensive data. Therefore, in order to maximize results,

interviewers must be aware of various techniques supporting the interview process. Additionally,

the researchers used a recording. To record every discussion If the document taking failed to

keep. Nevertheless, the researchers conduct through focus interviews and pay attention.

Sampling Technique

Convenience sampling is used in this study because it involves using respondents who are

“convenient” to the researcher and it is also provided time to collect the data needed in addition

it is the simplest method for gathering initial data and it also involves asking or learning people’s

opinions since the target is to ask student it is easier for us to locate the respondents. Despite the

sampling method’s risk for sampling bias and selection bias, it is the one that will work best for

the study because the primary objective is to learn students’ opinions and perceptions about the

specific topic while this study is conducted at the school of Doña Carmen Denia National High

School which the researcher is going to ask 5-6 random respondents a question in order to gather

the initial data that the researcher needed to accomplish this research goal.

Procedure of the Study

 Firstly, the researcher will ask for the approval of the Doña Carmen Denia National High

School's higher authorities to conduct research at the school. Secondly, the researcher will

choose respondents through the convenience technique. Thirdly, the researcher will present the

research title to the students of Doña Carmen Denia National High School. Fourthly, the

researcher will ask three boys and three girls as respondents to ask a question that the researcher

prepared and record or take note of the answers of the respondents, and that’s how the researcher

will gather the data needed. Lastly, the researcher will analyze and interpret the data that is

collected from the respondents, and the final step in the process is to proofread the paper you

have created. By following that procedure, this study will accomplish its goal.

Ethical Consideration

This survey is designed to make respondents feel comfortable and confident so that they

do not hesitate to answer questions during the survey. As researchers you are responsible for the

security and personal information of each participant. Whereas conducting the investigation

advocate was to begin with inquire on the off chance that they needed to be interviewed, analyze

points for great and how the advocate was comfortable on conducting and meeting them. Before

conducting this interview, Researcher must ask everyone for their opinion whether they agree

with this regulation.

Carefulness. Researchers might not be careless whereas conducting the interview must

be formal and develop sufficient. Researchers should demonstrate to the advocates that they are

good enough to handle. In addition, it also needs to be careful since an interview is a social

interaction, the interviewer’s appearance or behavior may influence the respondent’s answers.

This is a problem as it can bias the results of the study and make them invalid.
 Non-Biases. In addition, since biases can also have an impact on research, the

researcher must agree on the perspectives of the respondents. Researchers will not evaluate the

respondents’ responses; the researcher must agree with either or both sides of the respondents to

achieve our research objective. Additionally, the research we perform is not just for us but also

for the larger society, as the latter should be aware of what students think about unemployment

given that it is a common occurrence today.

Non-discrimination. In this regard, the researcher should not isolate or reject each

answer of our respondent. As analysts, all of us must think about our members and treat them

reasonably. Everyone has been equal for some time recently and has the right to equal protection

and good justice. Equality includes the full satisfaction of all rights and opportunities. That said,

regardless of their personality, the investigator should take care of them. The purpose of the

study is to agree with their conclusions about this idea, treating them as they deserve and giving

approval.

Open minded / Openness. The long-standing expertise helps us to thoroughly

understand participants’ perceptions of unemployment, define the context, and design the ideal

research pathway together with participants. Researchers listen carefully to the participants’

insights and look at the world from different angles with an open mind to provide the best

answers. Being open comes from recognizing that your beliefs are inherently fallible. Therefore,

open-minded people tend to listen to and take other points of view seriously.

Respect your Colleagues/Increasing collaboration and Productivity. When

you show respect to your colleagues, you value their opinions and ask for their ideas on various

issues and problems. This can lead to increased collaboration and more creative solutions.

Always stay professional, avoid making overly personal statements about appearance, don't talk
down to colleagues or place them in subservient roles. Respect your colleagues and treat them

equally.

Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants

submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.

Maintaining confidentiality requires safeguarding the information that an individual has

disclosed in a relationship of trust and with the expectation that it will not be disclosed to others

without permission, except in ways that are consistent with the original disclosure.

Confidentiality in the context of human research also refers to the investigator’s agreement with

participants, when applicable (i.e., Through participants’ informed consent), about how their

identifiable private information will be handled, managed, and disseminated.

Data Analysis

The researcher uses thematic analysis where a method of research is used to identify

patterns and themes in qualitative data. When conducting a thematic analysis, researchers

examine and code transcripts or other forms of data to identify recurring ideas and themes. These
themes are typically abstract concepts or ideas that emerge through the data, rather than

preconceived categories that the researchers may have come up with beforehand. Once the

interview was conducted, it was important to have established a clear purpose and developed a

list of questions that elicited meaningful responses from the student. It is also important to

consider the student's age and developmental stage, as this will influence the types of questions

asked and the approach taken during the interview. This may involve starting with open-ended

questions that allow the student to share their thoughts and feelings freely, and gradually moving

towards more specific questions that address the areas of interest.

APPENDIX B

INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONNAIRE

 1. What are the perceptions of students on unemployment?

2. What are the challenges and Difficulties of unemployment?

3. What are the coping mechanisms to avoid unemployment?

4. What are your insights into unemployment?

5. How can you describe an unemployed person?

6. What makes a person unemployed?

7. Why do you think finding a job is difficult for them?

8. Why do you think unemployment affects an individual or a family?

9. What do you think are our country's challenges towards unemployment?

10. What do you think the strategies they used to cope with unemployment?

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