NGHIEN CUU-TRAO001
ting d u n g p h u t j n g p h a p
v a p h a n t i c h t n t i n g u y e n
T & O I I C VIEC X Q C t>intt T t t o n c
n o tflntt n o r T & O I I m i l e fin
T6M TAT:
Trong nghien CLTU thuc nghiem, neu xac ctinh
dupe nhieu thong so dau vao, dp tin cay cua ket qua
thu dupe cang tang va sat thac tien [1]. Tuy nhien,
dieu nay se gay ra nhieu kho khan va ton kem. Viec
su dung cac chuan so dong dang trong phuong
1 thi se co mpt bp chuan so dpc lap dac trung cho su dong
phap mo hinh dong dang va phan tich thd nguyen
[2] cho phep dua dupe nhieu thong so anh hubng
tdi mo hinh thi nghiem, giam bot so lupng cac bien
so va tu" do giam nhe cong viec nghien cuu. Bdi Vi,
tu" gia tri khong doi cua cac chuan so, se dng vdi
rat nhieu to hpp khac nhau cua cac dai lupng co
ban, nen khi do, thuc chat khong phai la ta di vao
nghien cuu tCTng trudng hpp rieng le ma la trUbng
hpp tong quat, va cac quy luat rut ra cung se dung
doi vdi ca nhom doi tupng cung loai. Bai viet nay
gioi thieu dng dung phuong phap mo hinh dong
dang va phan tfch thd nguyen trong viec xac dinh
thong so dau vao thuc nghiem tren mo hinh may
trpn thuc an chan nuoi dang true ngang.
GIOI THIEU
Trade day, da co nhieu nghien cuu trong linh vuc
che tao may nong nghiep, tuy nhien, phan Idn cac tac gia
khi tien hanh thuc nghiem da yeu to, cac thong so dau
vao deu la cac thong so dpc lap [3,4], de cd the do dupe
ket qua co dp tin cay cao, can phai dua vao nhieu thong
so va thuc nghiem nhieu lan, dieu nay gay kho khan
(*) Truong Dai hoc Ky thuat Cong nghiep, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen loai chuan so dong dang dac trung ung vbi 3 each hinh
E l TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • So 4 - Thang 4 nam 2011
m o h i n h d o n g d a n g
s o m m o Tttuc n c t t i f n w n
cttfin n u o i Dane T U U C nenne
(*) PGS.TS. NGUYEN DANG BINH
Ths DO T H I T A M
trong che tao mo hinh thi nghiem va thuc nghiem. Khi
nghien ciiu phuong phap mo hinh dong dang va phan
tich thii nguyen, tac gia nhan thay, khi thuc nghiem, cd
the thay the cac thdng so dpc lap bang cac chuan so dong
dang bang each: so sanh cac thanh phan trong chuong
trinh bao toan dong vbi nhau. Neu ta chpn mpt thanh
phan lam don vi, ta so sanh cac thanh phan khac vbi no
dang cac qua trinh xay ra trong he. Nhu vay, cd the giam
so lan thuc nghiem ma van khao sat nhieu thdng tin vao
dpc lap. Tac gia da xay dung bp chuan so dong dang dua
va thuc nghiem tren may mo hinh trpn thiic an chan true
ngang. Day la mpt ung dung mdi khi van dung phuong
phap mo hinh dong dang va phep phan tich thii nguyen.
1. PHLTONG PHAP MO HINH DONG
D A N G V A P H A N T I C H THU* N G U Y E N
TRONG X A Y DUNG M O HINH VAT
L Y [2]
+ Hai he thong dong dang vdi nhau khi cac dai
lupng dac trang thii nguyen co chung toan tir bien doi
tuyen tinh, trudng hop nay con gpi la dong dang toan
phan. Neu cd it nhat mpt trong cac dai lupng do khong
ciing toan tir bien doi tuyen tinh thi hai he chi dong
dang rieng phan.
+ Chuan so dong dang: So sanh cac dai luong
dac trung hay cac nhom dai lupng dac trung co cung
thii nguyen cua mpt he, ta se thu dupe cac dai lupng
dac trung khong thii nguyen gpi la cac chuan so
dong dang.
+ Cac loai chuan so dong dang: Thong thudng co 3
 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI

thanh chuan so dong dang dac trung ung vdi 3 each 2. U l N G D U N G P H l T O N G P H A P M O

hinh thanh chuan so: HINH DONG DANG VA PHAN TICH
- Chuan so ddng dang don gian la nhung chuan so hinh
THU* N G U Y E N T R O N G V I E C X A C
thanh bang each so sanh cac dai luong cung thu nguyen;
D I N H T H O N G SO D A U V A O TH17C
- Loai chuan so thii hai hinh thanh bang each so
sanh cac thanh phan trong chuong trinh bao toan dong N G H I E M T R E N M O H I N H M A Y
vdi nhau. Neu ta chon mot thanh phan lam don vi ta so T R O N T H I J C A N C H A N N U O I D A N G
sanh cac thanh phan khac vdi nd thi se cd mot bo chuan T R U C N G A N G
so dpc lap dac trung cho su dong dang cac qua trinh xay
ra trong he. Nang suat trpn phu thuoc vao cac yeu to chinh sau
[5-7]:
- Loai chuan so thir ba la chuan so dan xuat, hinh
thanh bang each nhan chia, luy thira, khai can... cac Q = f (D, ci, L , S, cp, I, a, y, p, f, W, g)
chuan sd loai thir hai vdi nhau. Ket qua, se xuat hien Cong suat chi phi cho khau trpn dupe xac dinh:
cac chuan sd dac trung cho su lien quan giua cac qua N=f(Q)
trinh trong he.
Cac dai lupng trong phuong trinh tren dupe the
1.1. Phirffng trinh chuan so dong dang hien b bang 1 dudi day.
Cac dai lupng dac trung thir nguyen (va khong thu Bang 1: Cac dai luong lien quan den qua trinh tron
nguyen) deu the hien theo phuong trinh toan phan la cp
Thir
(x x , Xy x ) = 0. Ciing cd the dua ve dang cp (re,,
p 2 n
Cac dai luong nguyen:
Jt ,7t , ...,7t) = 0.
2 3
M .V.T
Trong do: n n , n n (vbi p = n - r) la dai TT
v 2 y p
Ky
lupng dac trung khong thii nguyen, dupe xac dinh theo Ten T
hieu
cdng thiic [2]: n =TJX|' y . = 1 ~n
1 N
1
Cong suat can thiet, kW 1 2 -3
1.2. Ling dung dinh ly n dexdc dinh ham so md td 2 Co cau lam viec
quan he giua ede chuan so
2.1 D Duong kinh ciia canh trpn, m 0 1 0
Dinh ly n ndi ro quan he giua cac chuan so, dupe 2.2 CO Toe dp gdc ciia true trpn, s 1
0 0 0
mo ta bang ham so sau [21:
p 2.3 L Chieu dai ciia true trpn, m 0 1 0
(p (n., jr., ..., TI ) = 0 hoac n , = C IT n c
2.4 S Bubc ciia rang canh tai, m 0 1 0
- p \ j=\ '
Trong do, C va a, la cac thong so ciia mo hinh. 2.5 <P He so dien day 0 0 0
Logarit hai ve cong thiic tren ta cd :
p' 2.6 1 Khe ho hudng kinh, m 0 1 0
Ignj = l g C + ^ a , l g 7 t , Gdc nghieng giua canh trpn va
;=1 2.7 a 0 0 0
mat phang ngang
1.3. Cac budc xdc dinh md hinh vat ly Goc nghieng ciia canh trpn va
2.9 Y 0 0 0
ban tay trpn
- Xac dinh cac thong so anh hudng va cac chi tieu
nghien cim. Day chinh la bubc xac dinh he, tire la xac dinh 3 Q Nang suit, kg/s 1 0 -1
cac dai lupng dac trung lien quan giua he va moi truong. 3.1 p Khoi lupng rieng, kg/s 3
1 -3 0
- Xac dinh cac dai lupng dac trung khong thii nguyen He so ma sat giua vat lieu va be
(cac chuan so) dupe cac chuan so TC, , n„ n n 3.2 F 0 0 0
mat co cau true tai
l 2 3" ' n
y 7

- Lap mo hinh vat ly tong quat theo [2]: itj = CUK. 1

3.3 W Dp am cua bot, % 0 0 0
- Xac dinh cac thong so cuamo hinh la C, a bing each 3.4 g Gia toe trpng truong, m/s 2
0 1 -2
u ,
5 0

logant hai ve phuong trinh tren lgT^ = IgC + ^cx, lgrc, Chpn dai lupng co ban: D, p, g; Lap cac hang so
sau do tien hanh thi nghiem. ?J, thii nguyen (tir bang 1) thanh ma tran sau:

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM •> So 4 - Thing 4 nam 2011 £ £ J

NGHIEN CUU • TRAO OOI

0 1 0 Trong do:

1 -3 0 ^0 m- so yeu to can nghien cuu;

k- thong so dpc lap
0 1 -2
Su dung cac chuan so dong dang lam yeu to chinh
Cac chuan so nhan dugc se la: trong nghien cuu thuc nghiem, tuy nhien, se gap kho
- _ Q . ID khan vi su thay doi cac chuan so dong dang dpc lap vbi
> 71, =C0
r F, thay doi cac yeu to dpc lap tao nen cac chuan so do. V i
pjgD 5

vay, can lua chpn, phoi hpp cac thong so tao thanh mpt
L S c chuan so de co the diing lam thong so dau vao. Tir cac
it = — ; TC = —
3 4
chuan so tim dupe de tai co the da thiet ke, che tao mo
D3
D
iu = a ; re. =y ; 7t = f; n =\|/ K =W. hinh may trpn thiic an chan nuoi dang true ngang.
6 8 9 W

Trong do, 1 la chuan so Frut (F ) dac trung khi

71
r

nghien cuu tinh chat dich chuyen cua dong vat lieu co
xet toi anh huong cua trgng luc. Chuan so F la ti so
giua luc quan tinh va luc trgng trudng [2].
Theo (linh ly n, phuong trinh bieu dien TI, dugc viet
dudi dang:
(0 D L r
KET LUAN
r
1. Phuong phap mo mnh dong dang va phep phan
tich thir nguyen la phuong phap nghien ciru khoa hpc
cho phep xac dinh va giai thich nhung qui luat tong
quat cua cac hien tupng, cac qua trinh xay ra va thiet lap
2

moi quan he nghien cuu he thong;

(1)71, = <P
g D D 2. Cac chuan sd anh huong den qua trinh trpn thuc
an chan nuoi the hien qua phuong trinh (1), (2);
Phuong trinh chi phi cong suat cd dang:
N 3. Cac thdng so dau vao trong nghien cuu mo hinh
(2)^1=777— may trpn thiic an chan nuoi dang true ngang bao gom
Q-Lc-S 9 chuan so dong dang J i thay vi 12 thong so dpc ifl=2 10)

Nhung cong thuc neu tren giup ta tim dugc moi lap (bang 1). Dieu nay cho phep giam so thi nghiem,
quan he giua nang suat va chi phi nang lugng dung dong thoi van dua dupe nhieu thong so "dau vao" la co
trong qua trinh iron: sd de xac dinh va danh gia anh hudng cua chiing den
- Tir chuan so IT, cho thay, nang suat trpn phu thuoc chat lupng thiic an chan nuoi va nang lupng tieu thu cua
vao dudng kinh cua canh tron; dudng kinh thimg tron; mav tron. •
gdc nghieng a ciia canh tron va mat phang ngang; gdc
nghieng y cua canh tron va ban tay tron; giua khoi lugng T a i l i e u t h a m k h a o :
rieng ciia vat lieu tron, gia toe trgng trudng;
[1] Pham Van Lang - Bach Qu6c Khang (1998) - Ca sa ly
- Tir chuan so IT, nit ra chi phi nang luong tren don thuyet quy hoach thuc nghiem vd img dung trong ky' thuat no
vi khoi lugng tron N/Q = IT,.L..g phu thuoc vao chieu nghiep, NXB Nong nghiep, Ha Noi, 1998.
dai cua may trpn; dudng kinh cua canh tron; dudng kinh [2] Pham Van Lang (1996) - Dong dang, md hinh va phep
thiing tron; gdc nghieng a ciia canh tron va mat phang phan tich thir nguyen vd img trong ky thuat nong nghiep, NXB
Nong nghiep. Ha Noi, 1996.
ngang; gdc nghieng y ciia canh tron va ban tay tron; giua
[3] Nguyen Thi Minh Thuan (1988)- Xghien ciru anh huong
khoi luong rieng cua vat lieu tron, gia toe trong trudng. cua mot so thdng sd den chat luang vd nang luang ciia may tr
- Tir phuong trinh (2), cd the chpn ham TI khi may bot thiec an gia site kho kieu vit dimg, Luan an Pho tien si ky thu
tron lam viec: Ha Noi, 1988.
[4] Nguyen Thi Hong, Xghien ciru xdc dinh cac thdng so c
n , =<D(7r„7t ,7i ) 2 3 ban ciia hietbiphu hoa chat bao quan va nhuom man hat gidng X
Trong do: IT, co the chpn mpt trong cac chuan so theo cdng nghe xii ly dm, Luan an tien si ky thuat Ha Noi, 2002.
_L _ S C
[5] A.Ia. Xokolov, Thiet ke may tu dong vd day chuyen san
hen quan p - "TT' 4 - " > • • • )
3
71 xuat cdng nghe thuc pham, NXB Maxcoca, 1975.
[6] Nguyen Bin, Cac qua trinh, thiet bi trong cdng nghe hd
chdtva thuc phdm; NXB KHKT, 2004.
j ftt—K m—ft
n = h + J > t , + J^bpfij +Yprt [7] Tao Khang, Cdng nghe che bien thiic an chan nudi, NX
p
Thuona Hai. 2003."

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