Main Crude Oil Tank TK 1526

Client : Kuwait Oil Company
Project : Facility Upgrade and Relocation of Under Ground Process Piping

Job No : JI-180 Doc No : JI-180-021-ECV-CAL-050
Subject : BUNDWALLS CONTAINMENT CAPACITY Rev No : B
CALCULATIONS ( FOR GC-21 ) Prep. By : Dipak
Checkd. By : K. Girish
4.3 Design of Concrete Bund Wall for

Main Crude Oil Tank TK - 1526.
SR NO TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO
4.3.1 Design Data 15
4.3.2 Design Philosophy 15
4.3.3 Design of Wall 16
4.3.4 Design of Base Slab 21
APPENDIX - I Typical Detail of Cantilever Wall 31

1.0 INTRODUCTION
RCC retaining walls are provided around the liquid storaeg tanks wherever necessary
to retain the liquid in the event of any possible oil leakages or tank burst conditions.
The various types of retaining walls are cantilever wall, counterfort wall,
butress wall etc.
The type of RCC retaining wall to be adopted depends on the economy and
construction feasibility.
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

Scope of this document is to furnish design calculation for Cantilever Bund Wall.
Refer Appendix -1 for typical details of RC detail of wall.
Reference codes, books and documents
1- BS : 8110 - Structural use of concrete.

2- Civil and structural design philosophy JI-180-000-ECV-SPE-001
12
13
Checkd. By :K. Girish
4.3.1 DESIGN DATA :
4.3.1.1 Geometrical Data :

Height of soil filling ( H2 ) = 0.9 m
Thickness of base slab ( Wb ) = 0.3 m B1
U/s of base slab from GL of out side of = 1.2 m F
bunded area ( H )
Free Board ( F ) = 0.3 m Bc H1
Total Height of retaining wall ( H1 ) = 2.4 m

U/s of base slab from tank side GL ( D ) = 1.2 m
Tank
Top of raft from EGL of tank ( D1) = 0.9 m Farm H
Width of heel slab ( Bh ) = 0.5 m area H2

Thickness of wall at bottom, ( B ) = 0.3 m
Width of toe slab ( Bt ) = 0.3 m
Thickness of wall at top, ( B1 ) = 0.3 m D1
Thickness of wall at H2 from raft top(Bc) = 0.3000 m D
4.3.1.2 Soil Data : ( As Per JI-180-000-ECV-SPE-001 ) Bh Bt Wb
Unit weight of soil,( g ) = 20 kN/m3 B
Coefficient of soil pressure, ( Ko ) = 0.5

( considered at rest condition as per geotechnical report)
Net Allowable Bearing capacity of soil = 220 KN/m2
Angle of internal friction, ( f ) = 30
Coefficient of active earth pre. ( Ka ) = ( 1-SINf ) / ( 1+SINf ) = 0.334
Coefficient of passive earth pre. ( KP ) = ( 1+SINf ) / ( 1-SINf ) = 2.999
Factor of safety against sliding = 1.3
Factor of safety against overturning = 1.5
4.3.1.3 Material Data: ( As Per JI-180-000-ECV-SPE-001 )

Grade of Concrete ( Fcu ) = 35 N/mm2
Yield Strength of reinforcement ( Fy ) = 460 N/mm2
Dia of Reinforcement in wall ( dwall ) = 20 mm
Dia of Reinforcement in base ( dbase ) = 20 mm
Clear Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) = 75 mm
Unit Weight of Concrete ( gc ) = 24 KN/m3
Density of retained liquid, ( gw ) = 10 KN/m3
4.3.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY :
Here, Bund wall has been desinged as a cantilever retaining wall for 1 m length and for that following critical
cases has been considered
Case 1 ) Empty on tank side & soil pressure and wind on other side of retaining wall.
In this case cantilever wall has been analyzed for the active earth pressure from one side only,
while checking for the stability, wt of earth from both the side has been considered.
Case 2 ) Hydrostatic pressure due to stored liquid during spillages or tank burst conditions.
In this case cantilever wall has been analyzed for the submerged liquid pressure from tank side
15
only passive earth pressure on the other side of retaining wall to the possible extent of 2/3
height of overburden soil. While checking for the stability, wt of earth from both the side & wt of
16
liquid form tank side has been considered.
The stability and base pressure check for the retaining wall have been carried out to decide the
size and other details of the assumed retaining wall. The structural calculations are carried out later.
4.3.3 DESIGN OF WALL :
4.3.3.1 BM Calculation For Case 1 :

a)
Active earth pressure ( Pa ) = g*Ka*H2 Qw
= 6.012 KN/m2
Shear at base of stem due to active = Pa * H2 / 2
earth pressure ( Va ) = 2.705 kN
Moment at base of stem due to active = Pa * H2 / 2 * H2 / 3
earth pressure ( Ma ) = 0.812 kNm
b) Pa
Wind pressure ( Qw ) = 0.76 KN/m2
Shear at base of stem due to wind = Qw * (H1-H)

pressure ( Vw ) = 0.912 kN
Moment at base of stem due to Wind = Qw * (H1-H) * ((H1-H)/2+H2)
pressure ( Mw ) = 1.368 kNm
c)
Passive earth pressure, ( Pp ) = g*Kp*D1 ( Passive pressure for moment
= 0.000 KN/m2 calculation has been ignored so
Shear at base of stem due to passive = Pp * D1 / 2 as to be on conservative side )
earth pressure ( Vp ) = 0.000 kN
Moment at base of stem due to = Pp * D1 / 2 * D1 / 3
passive earth pressure ( Mp ) = 0.000 kNm
d)
Additional Shear ( Vadd ) = 0.00 kN ( Due to Walkway at top )
Additional Moment ( Madd ) = 0.53 kNm ( Due to Walkway at top )
Total shear at base ( V1 ) = Va + Vw + Vadd - Vp

= 3.62 kN
Total moment at base ( M1 ) = Ma + Mw + Madd - Mp
= 2.71 kNm
Qw
4.3.3.2 BM Calculation For Case 2 :
a)
Contained Liquid pressure ( Pw ) = gw*(H1-Wb-F)
= 18.000 KN/m2
Shear at base of stem due to liquid = Pw * (H1-Wb-F)/2
pressure ( Vl ) = 16.200 kN
Moment at base of stem due to liquid = Pw * (H1-Wb-F)2/6 Pa Pw Pp
17
pressure ( Ml ) = 9.720 kNm
18
b)
Active earth pressure ( Pa ) = Ka * (g-gw) * D1
= 3.006 KN/m2
Shear at base of stem due to active = Ka*(g-gw)*D12/2
earth pressure ( Va ) = 1.353 kN
Moment at base of stem due to active = Ka*(g-gw)*D13/6
earth pressure ( Ma ) = 0.406 kNm
c)
Passive earth pressure ( Pp ) = g*Kp*H2 ( Passive pressure for moment
= 0.000 KN/m 2 calculation has been ignored so
Shear at base of stem due to passive = Pp * H2 / 2 as to be on conservative side )
earth pressure ( Vp ) = 0.000 kN
Moment at base of stem due to = Pp * H2 / 2 * H2 / 3
passive earth pressure ( Mp ) = 0.000 kNm
d)
Shear at base of stem due to wind = Qw * F
Moment at base of stem due to wind = Qw * F * (F/2 + (H1-F-Wb))
e)
Additional Shear ( Vadd ) = 0.00 kN ( Due to Walkway at top )
Additional Moment ( Madd ) = 0.53 kNm ( Due to Walkway at top )
Total shear at base ( V2 ) = Vl + Va + Vw + Vadd - Vp

= 17.78 kN
Total moment at base ( M2 ) = Ml + Ma + Mw + Madd - Mp
= 11.10 kNm
4.3.3.3 Rebar Calculation :

Design factored bending = 1.4 * ( Maximum of M1 & M2 )
moment ( Mu ) = 15.54 kNm ( Load factor for soil pressure is
1.4, as per BS:8110-Part I )
Effective depth ( d ) = ( B * 1000 ) - (dwall/2) - c
= 215 mm
Now as per clause 3.4.4.4 of BS 8110 ( Part - I )

k = Mu / fcu bd2
= 15.54 x 106
35 x 1000 x 215 x 215
= 0.010 < 0.156
z = d* [ 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - k/0.9 )]

= 215 x [ 0.5 + sqrt( 0.25 - 0.010 /0.9)]
= 212.68 mm &
19
20
z = 0.95 x d
= 204.25 mm
Take z = Minimum Of Above two values

= 204.25 mm
Required Ast1 = M / [0.95*fy*z]

= 174.11 mm2/m
As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I )

Min reinforcement for flexure ten Ast2 = 0.13 % of Area of concrete
= 0.13 x 1000 x 300 / 100
= 390 mm2
As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I ) clause 3.9.4.19

Min reinforcement for crack control Ast3 = 0.25 % of Area of concrete
= 0.25 x 1000 x 300 / 100
= 750 mm2 on both face
= 375 mm2 on each face
From the above required Astreq1 = 390.00 mm2 Max of Ast1, Ast2 & Ast3
Required 20 mm bar at a spacing of 805 mm c/c

Provide 20 mm bar at a spacing of 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided Astprov1 = 2093 mm2
pt provided = 0.70 %
4.3.3.4 Distribution Steel :

Provide Min Reinforcement As Dist. Steel, As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I )
Distribution steel, Adist = 0.13 % of Area of concrete
= 0.13 x 1000 x 300 / 100
= 390 mm2
Dia of distribution rebar = 12 mm

4.3.3.5 Check For Shear :

Maximum design shear at face ( Vf ) = Maximum Of V1 & V2
= 17.78 kN
Shear V at face of the support ( Vu1 ) = 1.4 * Vf ( Load factor for soil pressure is
= 24.89 kN 1.4, as per BS:8110-Part I )
Shear stress at face of support, ( v1 ) = Vu1/bd

= 0.12 N/mm²
Maximum allowed shear stress ( vmax ) = 4.73 N/mm2 or 5 N/mm2
Max( 0.8Öfcu , 5 ) v1 < vmax, O.K. (Clause 3.7.7.2)
100Ast / bd = 0.97 %
From BS 8110, Part 1 Table 3.8, ( vc ) = 0.51 N/mm² For fcu = 25 N/mm2
Revise value of ( vc ) = vc*( fcu /25 )1/3 For fcu = 35 N/mm2
21
= 0.57 N/mm²
Since vc > v1, Hence section is SAFE in shear
22
4.3.3.6 Calculation Of Crack Width
Maximum allowable crack width = 0.3 mm (Per BS 8110-2 : 1985 clause 3.2.4)
1 ) Crack width for drying shrinkage / thermal movement :
fcu = Characteristic strength of reinforced concrete

= 30 N/mm2
fy = Characteristic strength of reinforcing steel as per table 3.1 of BS 8110
= 460 N/mm2 ( As per design philosophy 0.9fy )
Thermal strain er = 0.8*Dt*a*R ( Refer equation 14 of clause 3.8.4.2 of BS 8110-2)
R = 0.6 ( Per Table 3.3 of BS 8110-2)

a = Coefficient of thermal expansion of mature concrete
= 0.000012 Table 7.3 of BS 8110 ( Part 2 )
DT = Fall in temperatue between hydration peak and ambient
= 20 ( per Table 3.2 of BS 8110-2)
Thermal strain er = 0.000115
Design surface crack width, W1 = 3*acr*er/(1+2*((acr-cmin)/(h-x)))
Where,
acr = Dist from point considered to the surface of the nearest long bar
= Sqrt( S/22+ (c+f/2)2 ) - (f/2)
= 113.31 mm acr
f = Size of each reinforcing bar
= 20
D = Depth of wall = B
= 300
S = Spacing of reinforcement
= 150
As = Area of steel
= 2093.333
W1 = 0.03 mm < 0.30 mm OK
2 ) Crack width in flexure :
Crack width, ( W2 ) = 3*acr*em/(1+2*(acr - cmin)/(h-x))
Where,
acr = 113.31 mm
em = average strain at the level where the cracking is being considered
= e1 -e2
= 0.000
e2 = bt*(h-x)*(a'-x)/3*Es*As*(d-x) for crack width of 0.3mm
= 0.0002
19
e1 = fs/Es*((h-x)/(d-x))
= 0.000
Moment in section, M = 11.10 kNm ( Unfactored moment)
Stress in steel, fs = M/(As*(d-S'/2))
= 25.96203 N/mm2 OK
h = Overall depth of member = D
= 300 mm
bt = Width of section at the centroid of tensile steel

= 1000 mm
Es = Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement
= 200000 N/mm2
a = Distance from the compression face to the point at which the
crack width is being calculated
= effective depth ( d )
= 215 mm
d = Effective depth
= D - cmin - f/2
= 215 mm
cmin = Minimum cover to tensile steel
= 75 mm
k = Mu / fcu bd2
= 0.011 < 0.156
z = d* [ 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - k/0.9 )] & 0.95 x d
= 212.29 mm & 204.25 mm
z = 204.25 mm
S' = Depth of stress block
= 21.5 mm
x = depth of neutral axis
= (d-z)/0.45
= 23.88889 mm
W2 = 3*acr*em/(1+2*(acr - cmin)/(h-x))
= -0.01 mm < 0.30 mm OK
20
21
Sign Convention : Clockwise Moment +Ve Horizontal left to right direction +Ve
Anti clockwie Moment -Ve Horizontal right to left direction -Ve
4.3.4 DESIGN OF BASE SLAB :
4.3.4.1 Stability Analysis For Case 1 :

( Moment has been calculated with respect to A )
a)
Active earth pressure ( Pa ) = g*Ka*H Qw
= 8.016 KN/m2
Shear at base due to active earth = Pa * H/2
pressure ( Va ) = 4.810 kN
Moment at base due active = Pa * H/2 * H/3
pressure ( Ma ) = 1.924 kNm
A
b) Pa

( Refer Civil & Structural design philosophy JI-180-000-ECV-SPE-001)
Shear at base due to wind = Qw * (H1-H)
Moment at base due to Wind = Qw * (H1-H) * ((H1-H)/2+H)
c)
Passive earth pressure, ( Pp ) = Kp*g*D ( Passive pressure
= 0.000 KN/m2 has been neglected )
Shear at base due to passive earth = Pp * D/2
pressure ( Vp ) = 0.000 kN
Moment at base due to passive earth = Pp * D/2 *D/3
pressure ( Mp ) = 0.000 kNm
d)
Additional Shear ( Vadd ) = 0.00 kN
Additional Moment ( Madd ) = 0.53 kNm
Check Against Overturning :
Overturning moment ( Mo ) = Mp - Ma - Mw - Madd

= -4.10 kNm
W1 = ( 2.40 - 0.30 ) x 0.30 x 24 = 15.12 kN

W1' = 1/2 x ( 2.40 - 0.30 ) x ( 0.30 - 0.30 ) x 24 = 0 kN
W2 = 0.30 x 0.90 x 20 = 5.4 kN
W2' = 1/2 x ( 0.30 - 0.30 ) x 0.90 x 20 = 0.00 kN
W3 = ( 0.50 + 0.30 + 0.30) x 0.30 x 24 = 7.92 kN
W4 = 0.50 x 0.90 x 20 = 9 kN
21
Additional Axial Force ( Wadd ) = 4.30 kN
22
W = W1 + W2 +W3 + W1' + W2' + W4 + Wadd
= 41.74 kN
B1 = 0.30
Wadd
B1 = 0.30
GL
W2'
W1 H1 = 2.40
W2
GL W1' H2 = 0.90
D1 = 0.90 W4
W3 Wb = 0.30
Bh = 0.50 B = 0.30 Bt = 0.30
Restoring moment ( Mr )
= W1*(Bh+0.5*B1) + W2*(Bh+B+0.5*Bt) + W3*(Bh+Bt+B)/2 + Wadd*(Bh+0.5*B1)
W1' *(Bh+B1+(B-B1)/3) + W2' * (Bh+B1+(B-Bc)*2/3) + W4*Bh/2
= 24.359 kNm
F.O.S = Mr / Mo
= 5.948 > 1.5 OK
Check Against Sliding :
Shear at base ( Vb ) = Vp - Va - Vw - Vadd

= -5.722 kN
Total weight of wall and soil, ( W ) = 41.74 kN

Coeff of friction between soil and = tan(2/3f)
concrete, ( m ) = 0.364
Restoring force = m*W
= 15.193 kN
F.O.S = Restoring force / Shear at base

= 2.66 > 1.3 OK
Calculation Of Base Pressure :
Length of base slab ( L ) = 1.1 m

Width of base slab ( B ) = 1 m
Base area ( A ) = BL
= 1.1 m2
Section modulas of base slab ( Z ) = B L2 / 6
= 0.201667 m3
W = 41.74 kN
Mr = 24.36 kNm
23
Mo = -4.10 kNm
24
x = ( Mr - Mo ) / W
= 0.486 m
Eccentricity ( e ) = x - L/2
= -0.064 m < 0.1833333 OK
(L/6)
Moment due to eccentricity ( Me ) = Wxe
= -2.671 kNm
Pressure = W/A + Me / Z
P1 = 24.70 KN/m2
P2 = 51.19187 KN/m2
> 0 Comp
< 244 OK
PRESSURE DIAGRAM
Down pressures :
Tank side pressure = (gxD1) + (gcxWb)
( Earth + Base Slab ) = 25.20 KN/m2
Other side pressure = (gxH2) + (gcxWb)

0.486 e
0.55 0.55
Base Pressure :
P2 0.50 0.30 0.30 P1
51.19 39.15 31.92 24.70
Downward Pressure :
25.20 25.20
Effective Depth d = 0.215 m
Tank farm side :

a ) Shear force at wall face = 51.19 x 0.50 + -12.04 x 0.50 /2
- 25.20 x 0.50
= 9.99 kN
25
b ) Shear at d distance from = 51.19 x 0.285 + -6.86 x 0.285 /2

the wall face - 25.20 x 0.285
i.e. = 0.50 - 0.215 = 0.285 6.43 kN
c ) Shear at 1.5d distance = 51.19 x 0.178 + -4.27 x 0.178 /2

from the wall face - 25.20 x 0.178
i.e. = 0.50 - ( 1.5 x 0.215 ) = 0.178
= 4.25 kN
d ) BM = 51.19 x 0.50 x 0.50 /2 +

-12.04 x 0.50 x 0.50 /6 -
25.20 x 0.50 x 0.50 /2
= 2.75 kNm
Other side :
a ) Shear force at wall face = 25.20 x 0.30 -
31.92 x 0.30 - -7.23 x 0.30 /2
= -0.93 kN
b ) Shear at d distance from = 25.20 x 0.085 - -2.05 x 0.085 /2

i.e. = 0.30 - 0.215 = 0.085 = -0.04 kN
c ) Shear at 1.5d distance = 25.20 x -0.023 - 0.54 x -0.023 /2

from the wall face - 24.16 x -0.023
i.e. = 0.30 - ( 1.5 x 0.215 ) = -0.023
= -0.02 kN
d ) BM = 25.20 x 0.30 x 0.30 /2 -

31.92 x 0.30 x 0.30 /2 -
-7.23 x 0.30 x 0.30 /3
= -0.09 kNm
Design BM & Shear For Case1 :
BM at face of wall, ( Mf1 ) = 2.75 kNm

Shear at wall face, ( Vf11) = 9.99 kN
Shear at d dist. from wall face ( Vf12) = 6.43 kN
Shear at 1.5d dist. from wall face ( Vf13) = 4.25 kN
26
27
Sign Convention : Clockwise Moment -Ve Horizontal left to right direction -Ve
Anti clockwie Moment +Ve Horizontal right to left direction +Ve
4.3.4.2 Stability Analysis For Case 2 :

( Moment has been calculated with respect to B )
a) Qw
Contained Liquid pressure ( Pw ) = gw*(H1-F)

= 21 KN/m2
Shear at base due to liquid = Pw * (H1-F)/2
pressure ( Vl ) = 22.05 kN
Moment at base due to liquid = Pw * (H1-F)2/6
pressure ( Ml ) = 15.44 kNm Pa Pw Pp
B
b)
Active earth pressure ( Pa ) = Ka*(g-gw)*D
= 4.002453 KN/m2
Shear at base due to active earth = Ka*(g-gw)*D2/2
pressure ( Va ) = 2.401 kN
Moment at base due to active earth = Ka*(g-gw)*D3/6
pressure ( Ma ) = 0.961 kNm
c)
Passive earth pressure ( Pp ) = g*Kp*H*(2/3) ( Passive pressure for 2/3 ht
= 47.971 KN/m2 has been considered )
Shear at base due to passive earth = Pp * H/2 *(2/3)
pressure ( Vp ) = 19.188 kN
Moment at base due to passive earth = (4/9)*Pp * H2/6
pressure ( Mp ) = 5.117 kNm
d)
Shear at base due to wind = Qw * F
Moment at base due to wind = Qw * F * (F/2 + (H1-F))
e)
Additional Shear ( Vadd ) = 0.00 kN
Additional Moment ( Madd ) = 0.53 kNm
Check Against Overturning :
Overturning moment ( Mo ) = Mp - Mw - Ml - Ma - Madd

= -12.32 kNm
W1 = ( 2.40 - 0.30 ) x 0.30 x 24 = 15.12 kN
25
W1' = 1/2 x ( 0.30 - 0.30 ) x ( 2.40 - 0.30 ) x 24 = 0 kN
W2 = 0.30 x 0.90 x 20 = 5.4 kN
26
W2' = 1/2 x ( 0.30 - 0.30 ) x 0.90 x 20 = 0.00 kN
W3 = ( 0.30 + 0.30 + 0.50) x 0.30 x 24 = 7.92 kN
W4 = 0.50 x 0.90 x 20 = 9 kN
W5 = ( 2.40 - 1.20 + 0.30) x 0.50 x 10.00 = 4.5 kN
Additional Axial Force ( Wadd ) = 4.30 kN
W = W1 + W2 +W3 + W1' + W2' + W4 + W5 + Wadd

= 46.24 kN
B1 = 0.30
Wadd
F = 0.30 Bc = 0.30
WL
GL
W2'
0.90 W5
W1 H1 = 2.40
W2 H2 = 0.90
GL W1'
D1 = 0.90 W4
Wb = 0.30 W3 B
Bh = 0.50 B = 0.30 Bt = 0.30
Restoring moment ( Mr )
= W1*(Bt+(B-B1)+ B1/2) + W2*Bt/2 + W3*(Bh+B+Bt)/2 + Wadd*(Bt+(B-B1)+ B1/2) +
W4*(Bt+B+Bh/2) + W5*(Bt+B+Bh/2) + W1' *(Bt+(B-B1)*(2/3)) + W2' *( Bt+(B-Bc)/3)
= 25.380 kNm
F.O.S = Mr / Mo
= 2.059776 > 1.5 OK
Check Against Sliding :

=
Shear at base, ( Vb ) = Vp - Vw - Vl - Va - Vadd
= -5.491 kN
Total weight of liquid,wall and soil ( W ) = 46.240 kN

Coeff of friction between soil and = tan(2/3f)
concrete, ( m ) = 0.364
Restoring force = m*W
= 16.831 kN
F.O.S = Restoring force / Shear at base

= 3.07 > 1.3 OK
Calculation Of Base Pressure :
Length of base slab ( L ) = 1.1 m

Width of base slab ( B ) = 1 m
27
Project: Facility Upgrade and Relocation of Under Ground Process Piping
Subject: BUNDWALLS CONTAINMENT CAPACITY Rev No : B
Base area ( A ) = BL
28
= 1.1 m2
Section modulas of base slab ( Z ) = B L2 / 6

= 0.201667 m3
W = 46.24 kN
Mr = 25.38 kNm
Mo = -12.32 kNm
x = ( Mr - Mo ) / W
= 0.283 m
Eccentricity ( e ) = x - L/2
= -0.267 m > 0.1833333 NOT OK
(L/6)
Moment due to eccentricity ( Me ) = Wxe
= -12.34608 kNm
Pressure = W/A + Me / Z
P1 = -19.18 KN/m 2
P2 = 103.2566 KN/m2
< 0 Tension
PRESSURE DIAGRAM < 244 OK
Down pressures :
Tank side pressure = (gxD1) + (gcxWb) + (gwx(H1-D1-Wb-F))
( Earth+liquid+ Base Slab) = 34.20 KN/m2
Other side pressure = (gxH2) + (gcxWb)

e 0.283
0.55 0.55
Base Pressure :
P1 0.50 0.30 0.30 P2
-19.18 36.47 69.864 103.26
Downward Pressure :
29
34.20 25.20
30
Effective Depth d = 0.215 m
Tank farm side :

a ) Shear force at wall face = 34.20 x 0.50 -
-19.18 x 0.50 - 55.65 x 0.50 /2
= 12.78 kN
b ) Shear at d distance from = 34.20 x 0.285 - 31.72 x 0.285 /2

the wall face - -19.18 x 0.285
i.e. = 0.50 - 0.215 = 0.285 10.69 kN
c ) Shear at 1.5d distance = 34.20 x 0.178 + 19.76 x 0.178 /2

from the wall face - -19.18 x 0.178
i.e. = 0.50 - ( 1.5 x 0.215 ) = 0.178
= 7.74 kN
d ) BM = 34.20 x 0.50 x 0.50 /2 -

-19.18 x 0.50 x 0.50 /2 -
55.65 x 0.50 x 0.50 /6
= 4.35 kNm
Other side :
a ) Shear force at wall face = 69.86 x 0.30 + 33.39 x 0.30 /2
- 25.20 x 0.30
= 18.41 kN
b ) Shear at d distance from = 93.80 x 0.085 + 9.46 x 0.085 /2

i.e. = 0.30 - 0.215 = 0.085 6.23 kN
c ) Shear at 1.5d distance = 105.76 x -0.023 + -2.50 x -0.023 /2

from the wall face - 25.20 x -0.023
i.e. = 0.30 - ( 1.5 x 0.215 ) = -0.023
= -1.78 kN
d ) BM = 69.86 x 0.30 x 0.30 /2 +

33.39 x 0.30 x 0.30 /3 -
25.20 x 0.30 x 0.30 /2
= 3.01 kNm
Design BM & Shear For Case2 :
BM at face of wall, ( Mf2 ) = 4.35 kNm

Shear at wall face, ( Vf21) = 18.41 kN
Shear at d dist. from wall face ( Vf22) = 10.69 kN
Shear at 1.5d dist. from wall face ( Vf23) = 7.74 kN
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32
Sign Convention : Clockwise Moment -Ve Horizontal left to right direction -Ve
Anti clockwie Moment +Ve Horizontal right to left direction +Ve
4.3.4.3 Rebar Calculation :
Max Design BM & Shear From Case 1 & Case 2 :

BM at face of wall ( Mf ) = 4.35 kNm Max Of ( Mf1,Mf2 )
Shear at wall face ( Vf1 ) = 18.41 kN Max Of ( Vf11,Vf21 )
Shear at d dist. from wall face ( Vf2 ) = 10.69 kN Max Of ( Vf12,Vf22 )
Shear at 1.5d dist. from wall face ( Vf3 ) = 7.74 kN Max Of ( Vf13,Vf23 )
Design factored bending = 1.4 * ( Mf ) ( Load factor for soil pressure is

moment ( Mu ) = 6.10 kNm 1.4, as per BS:8110-Part I )
Effective depth ( d ) = ( Wb * 1000 ) - (dbase/2) - c
= 215 mm
Now as per clause 3.4.4.4 of BS 8110 ( Part - I )

k = Mu / fcu bd2
= 6.10 x 106
35 x 1000 x 215 x 215
= 0.004 < 0.156
z = d* [ 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - k/0.9 )]

= 215 x [ 0.5 + sqrt( 0.25 - 0.004 /0.9)]
= 214.10 mm &
z = 0.95 x d
= 204.25 mm
Take z = Minimum Of Above two values

= 204.25 mm
Required Ast1 = M / [0.95*fy*z]

= 68.29 mm2
As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I )

Min reinforcement for flexure ten Ast2 = 0.13 % of Area of concrete
= 0.13 x 1000 x 300 / 100
= 390 mm2
As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I ) clause 3.9.4.19

Min reinforcement for crack control Ast3 = 0.25 % of Area of concrete
= 0.25 x 1000 x 300 / 100
= 750 mm2 on both face
= 375 mm2 on each face
From the above required Astreq1 = 390.00 mm2 Max of Ast1, Ast2 & Ast3
Required 20 mm bar at a spacing of 805 mm c/c
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30
pt provided = 0.70 %
4.3.4.4 Distribution Steel :

Provide Min Reinforcement As Dist. Steel, As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I )
Distribution steel, Adist = 0.13 % of Area of concrete
= 0.13 x 1000 x 300 / 100
= 390 mm 2
Dia of distribution rebar = 12 mm

4.3.4.5 Check For Shear :

Shear V at face of the support ( Vu1 ) = 1.4 * ( Vf1 ) ( Load factor for soil pressure is
= 25.77 kN 1.4, as per BS:8110-Part I )
Shear V at d distance from the = 1.4 * ( Vf2 ) ( Load factor for soil pressure is
support ( Vu2 ) = 14.97 kN 1.4, as per BS:8110-Part I )
Shear V at 1.5d distance from the = 1.4 * ( Vf3 ) ( Load factor for soil pressure is
support ( Vu3 ) = 10.84 kN 1.4, as per BS:8110-Part I )
Shear stress at face of support, ( v1 ) = Vu1/bd

= 0.12 N/mm²
Maximum allowed shear stress = 4.733 N/mm2 or 5 N/mm2
( vmax ) = Max( 0.8Öfck , 5 ) v1 < vmax, O.K. (Clause 3.7.7.2)
Actual shear stress at d dist. = Vu2/bd

from support ( v2 ) = 0.07 N/mm²
Actual shear stress at 1.5d dist. = Vu3/bd
from support ( v3 ) = 0.05 N/mm²
100Ast / bd = 0.974
From BS 8110, Part 1 Table 3.8 ( vc ) = 0.450 N/mm² For fcu = 25 N/mm2
Revise value of ( vc ) = vc*( fcu /25 )1/3 For fcu = 35 N/mm2
= 0.503 N/mm²
Since vc > v1, v2 & v3, Hence section is SAFE in shear
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Appendix - I
EL 100.50
EL 100.20 300
Tank Side Earth Side
2100
EL 99.30 EL 99.30
900
900
300
500 300
300
Sectional Elevation Of Wall ** All Dimensions Are In MM

( GA Detail Only )
Tank Side Earth Side
T12 @ 200 mmc/c
T20 @ 150 mmc/c T12 @ 200 mmc/c
T20 @ 150 mmc/c
Sectional Elevation Of Wall

( RC Detail Only )
31
32
33

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Client : Kuwait Oil Company

Project : Facility Upgrade and Relocation of Under Ground Process Piping

4.3 Design of Concrete Bund Wall for

SR NO TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO

4.3.1 Design Data 15

4.3.2 Design Philosophy 15

4.3.3 Design of Wall 16

4.3.4 Design of Base Slab 21

APPENDIX - I Typical Detail of Cantilever Wall 31

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

Reference codes, books and documents

1- BS : 8110 - Structural use of concrete.

4.3.1 DESIGN DATA :

4.3.1.1 Geometrical Data :

U/s of base slab from GL of out side of = 1.2 m F

Total Height of retaining wall ( H1 ) = 2.4 m

Width of heel slab ( Bh ) = 0.5 m area H2

Thickness of wall at H2 from raft top(Bc) = 0.3000 m D

4.3.1.2 Soil Data : ( As Per JI-180-000-ECV-SPE-001 ) Bh Bt Wb

Unit weight of soil,( g ) = 20 kN/m3 B

Coefficient of soil pressure, ( Ko ) = 0.5

4.3.1.3 Material Data: ( As Per JI-180-000-ECV-SPE-001 )

4.3.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY :

4.3.3 DESIGN OF WALL :

4.3.3.1 BM Calculation For Case 1 :

Wind pressure ( Qw ) = 0.76 KN/m2

Shear at base of stem due to wind = Qw * (H1-H)

Total shear at base ( V1 ) = Va + Vw + Vadd - Vp

Total shear at base ( V2 ) = Vl + Va + Vw + Vadd - Vp

4.3.3.3 Rebar Calculation :

Now as per clause 3.4.4.4 of BS 8110 ( Part - I )

z = d* [ 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - k/0.9 )]

Take z = Minimum Of Above two values

Required Ast1 = M / [0.95*fy*z]

As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I )

As per table 3.25 of BS : 8110 ( Part - I ) clause 3.9.4.19

Required 20 mm bar at a spacing of 805 mm c/c

4.3.3.4 Distribution Steel :

Dia of distribution rebar = 12 mm

4.3.3.5 Check For Shear :

Shear stress at face of support, ( v1 ) = Vu1/bd

4.3.3.6 Calculation Of Crack Width

1 ) Crack width for drying shrinkage / thermal movement :

fcu = Characteristic strength of reinforced concrete

Thermal strain er = 0.8*Dt*a*R ( Refer equation 14 of clause 3.8.4.2 of BS 8110-2)

R = 0.6 ( Per Table 3.3 of BS 8110-2)

Thermal strain er = 0.000115

Design surface crack width, W1 = 3*acr*er/(1+2*((acr-cmin)/(h-x)))

W1 = 0.03 mm < 0.30 mm OK

2 ) Crack width in flexure :

Crack width, ( W2 ) = 3*acr*em/(1+2*(acr - cmin)/(h-x))

bt = Width of section at the centroid of tensile steel

4.3.4 DESIGN OF BASE SLAB :

4.3.4.1 Stability Analysis For Case 1 :

Wind pressure ( Qw ) = 0.76 KN/m2

Check Against Overturning :

Overturning moment ( Mo ) = Mp - Ma - Mw - Madd

W1 = ( 2.40 - 0.30 ) x 0.30 x 24 = 15.12 kN

Bh = 0.50 B = 0.30 Bt = 0.30

Check Against Sliding :

Shear at base ( Vb ) = Vp - Va - Vw - Vadd

Total weight of wall and soil, ( W ) = 41.74 kN

F.O.S = Restoring force / Shear at base

Calculation Of Base Pressure :

Required Ast1 = M / [0.95fyz]

Thermal strain er = 0.8Dta*R ( Refer equation 14 of clause 3.8.4.2 of BS 8110-2)

Design surface crack width, W1 = 3acrer/(1+2*((acr-cmin)/(h-x)))

Crack width, ( W2 ) = 3acrem/(1+2*(acr - cmin)/(h-x))

Required Ast1 = M / [0.95fyz]