HIGH General Chemistry 2

SENIOR

SCHOOL

Module

CHEMICAL KINETICS 5
Quarter 3

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

ANAMIE T. GALVES
Subject Teacher
For the learner:
Welcome to the General Chemistry 2 (Senior High School) Module 5 on Chemical
Kinetics.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resources signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

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process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Learning Goals - These are what you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the module

Pre-Assessment - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recall - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

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of the lessons.

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the entire module.

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– This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
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Answer sheet is provided in answering the activities.
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in the module.
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

LEARNING GOALS

At the end of this learning module, you are expected to:

1. Describe how various factors influence the rate of a reaction
2. Differentiate zero, first-, and second-order reactions
3. Explain reactions qualitatively in terms of molecular collisions
4. Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects the reaction rate
5. Cite and differentiate the types of catalysts

PRE–ASSESSMENT
Read each of the following statements and choose the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.

1. Which of the following statements is correct about rates of chemical reactions?

A. The initial rate is constant throughout a reaction.
B. The initial rate is faster than the rest of the reaction rates.
C. The initial rate is slower than the rest of the reaction rates.
D. The initial rate cannot be determined
2. In order for a reaction to occur, the colliding molecules must
A. Have equal or greater energy than the activation energy
B. Be the chemical/species needed for the reaction
C. Have proper orientations
D. All of the above
3. The following can be used to express rate of reaction except
A. (mol-L)/s C. (mol/L)/min
B. (mol/L)/s D. both B and C
4. Which of the following rate depends on the concentration of a single reactant raised to
the first power?
A. First order reaction C. Zero order reaction
B. Second order reaction D. Neither A or B
 This self – learning kit will serve as a guide in understanding the concepts of chemical
kinetics. It will be your aid as you learn to describe how fast or slow the chemical
reaction is. In addition, it discusses the factors that affects chemical reaction, rate
law, and rate order and graphical presentation of the relationship between the
concentration and time of a chemical reaction.

LESSON : CHEMICAL KINETICS

RATE OF REACTION is measured by a change in the concentration of reactants and products

per unit time. Some chemical reaction occurs in seconds, while others take days, or even years.
The reaction in the ozone layer is rapid, occurring millions of times daily. Combustion reaction
of fuels with oxygen also occur rapidly, but corrosion of metals reacts with oxygen, such as
iron in a rusting car, is comparatively slow.
▪ During the course of reaction, reactants are continuously being change to products. So, at any
given time, the concentrations of the reactants and products are continuously being change.
When the reaction comes to an end, all of the reactants had been converted into products.
▪ It cannot be calculated using a chemical equation which is done in stoichiometry, but rather it
can be determined experimentally.
▪ Since reaction rates are changed during the entire process, the time interval between two
measurements must be small and the rate found is an average.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 [𝐀] (𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭) 𝐚𝐭 𝒕𝟏 − 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 [𝐀] (𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭) 𝐚𝐭 𝒕𝟐

Average rate of reaction =
𝒕𝟐 − 𝒕𝟏

THE REACTION PROCESS

The mechanism of a chemical reaction may be explained in terms of the COLLISION THEORY
and the TRANSITION STATE THEORY.

COLLISION THEORY: states that in order for a reaction to occur, the reactants must collide
with one another. There must be a proper orientation for the molecules to have an effective
collision and there must be sufficient energy from the reacting molecules.

Chemists have proposed a model known as Collision Theory to explain why a reaction occurs.
For a given hypothetical reaction shown below:

In order for the reaction above to take place, the molecules of A2 must collide with the
molecules of B2 . Once the A2 comes in contact with B2 , a short-lived molecule A2 B2 is formed.
The bonds of A2 and B2 are destroyed and new bonds are formed. The rearrangement of bonds
of the starting molecules will cause the formation of a new substance AB. In a container filled
with the substance A2 and B2 initially, no AB is present. Then, molecular collision proceeds
and AB is formed.
However, not all collision of A2 and B2 form a product. Only effective collisions will result to
the formation of a product. For an effective collision to occur, there must be a proper
orientation of the reactants during collision. If the collision is ineffective like what is shown
below, products are not formed.

Fig. 1 The collision of the diatomic molecules A2 and B2 shown here is an

ineffective collision. No new substance is formed.

Fig. 2 An effective collision that shows the formation of products. There is

proper orientation of the reactants during collision.

We can deduced from the Collision Theory that the greater the number of collisions, the
greater the chances of effective collisions, and the greater the amount of products formed per
unit time. Therefore, the greater the number of molecular collisions, the faster the reaction
rate.

Aside from the proper orientation of the molecules, it is also important that the molecules have
sufficient energy to collide with one another. The energy comes from kinetic energy of the
molecules. As they move, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. If the energy is
not sufficient, the collision will not take place.

TRANSITION STATE THEORY explains that there must be sufficient energy to overcome the
activation energy barrier in order for products to be formed.

Activated complex
Transition state

The formation of A2 B2 is crucial because it determines whether the reaction proceeds. The
energy needed for the formation of A2 B2 called an activated complex is called activation energy.
This is the energy needed for the formation of the activated complex and for the reaction to
occur. This is also considered as the rate determining step because once this is formed, the
product is formed immediately.
 • At the start, the molecules may not have sufficient energy to reach the top or to form
the activated complex. As the reaction progresses, energy increases until such time that
enough energy has been attained to overcome the activation energy.
• The A2 B2 is called transition state and it determines how fast the reaction will occur. It
is a short-lived molecule and, therefore, very unstable because from the top, it rolls
down immediately to form the product AB. The activated complex has the following
characteristics:
1. It is unstable because it is a short-lived molecule
2. It possesses high energy
3. It is the rate-determining step in a reaction

Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions

The rates of chemical reaction are affected by different factors. These factors can either
increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction. Below are some of the factors that affects
the rate of a chemical reactions.
Nature of the reactants. The rate of reaction highly depends on the type and nature of the
reactants. Few reactions are naturally faster than others while some reactions are very slow.
The physical state of reactants, number of reactants, complexity of reaction and other factors
highly influence the reaction rate as well. The rate of reaction is generally slower in liquids
when compared to gases and slower in solids when compared to liquids. Size of the reactant
also matters a lot. The smaller the size of reactant, the faster the reaction.
Effect of concentration. According to the collision theory, the rate of reaction increases with
the increase in the concentration of the reactants. As per the law of mass action, the chemical
reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants. This implies that the
chemical reaction rate increases with the increase in concentration and decreases with the
decrease in the concentration of reactants. Time plays a major role in changing the
concentration of reactants and products. Therefore, even time is a vital factor affecting the
reaction rate.
Temperature factor. According to collision theory, a chemical reaction that takes place at a
higher temperature generates more energy than a reaction at a lower temperature. This is
because colliding particles will have the required activation energy at high temperature and
more successful collisions will take place. There are some reactions that are independent of
temperature. Reactions without an activation barrier are examples of chemical reactions that
are independent of temperature.

Fig. 3 This shows the effect of temperature on the reaction rate. At lower temperatures,
there is a smaller number of molecules with sufficient energy to react. At higher energy,
the area with the number of molecules needed to react is greater.
Surface Area of the Reactants. The surface area of reactants affects the rate of reaction. If
the size of a particle is small, the surface area will be more and this increases the speed of
chemical reactions.
Presence of Catalyst. A catalyst can be defined as a substance that increases the rate of the
reaction without actually participating in the reaction. The definition itself describes it effect
on chemical reactions. The presence of a catalyst increases the speed of reaction in both
forward and reverse reaction by providing an alternate pathway which has lower activation
energy.

Fig. 4 Comparison of the activation energy of a reaction with and without a catalyst.
Source: https://nesslabs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/activation-energy-illustration-graph-
catalyst.png

Types of Catalyst
A. Positive Catalyst – this type of catalyst decreases the activation energy by accepting an
alternative path for the reaction to occur. As such, the rate of reaction is decreased. The
effect of this type of catalyst is shown in figure 3. Some reaction that uses a positive
catalyst are the following examples.

2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g)

2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
B. Negative Catalyst – this type of catalyst decreases or slow down the rate of reaction. It
increases the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. For example, we want
rusting to slow down or slow down the decomposition of certain substances. We want
to slow down the process of aging. An example of a negative catalyst, also known as
inhibitors:
2 H2 O2 (l) 2 H2 O (l) + O2 (g)

C. Auto-Catalyst – when one of the products formed in the reaction acts as a catalyst for
the reaction to proceed.
 D. Induced Catalyst – a substance that influences the speed of a reaction which is not
possible under ordinary conditions.
Orders and Rate Laws of Chemical Reactions
The order of a chemical reaction is defined as the sum of the powers of the concentration of
the reactants in the rate equation of that particular chemical reaction. Simply, it is the
relationship between the concentrations of species and the rate of a reaction. The rate law is
a mathematical relationship obtained by comparing reaction rates with reactant
concentrations. A reaction's rate law is experimentally determined and may be determined by
the initial rates method. The rate law describes the effect of concentration of reactants on the
reaction rate. The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants.
For a hypothetical equation:

2A B, the rate equation is expressed as r = k [𝐀]𝟐

A + B C, the rate equation is r = k [A][B]

2A + B C, the rate equation is r = k [𝐀]𝟐 [B]

The general rate equation for the reaction: aA + bB cC + dD
Rate of reaction will equal to:
Rate of reaction, r = k [𝐀]𝐚 [𝐁]𝐛

where k = rate constant, [A] = concentration of A in moles/liter, [B] = concentration of B in

moles/liter, both of which are raised to their proper power based on their coefficients in the
equation.

Relation of Concentration and Time: Zero, First, and Second Order

The concentration of the reactant decreases as time increases, and the concentration of the
product increases as time increases. For our discussion purposes, we will focus on the
relationship of concentration vs time of the reactant.

• Take note that the order of reaction is experimentally determined and base on the
graphical representation and is not based on stoichiometric ratio. Each order of the
reaction (although they have the same relationship) the graph between concentration
and time are different (see Figure 5, concentration vs time).

• The differential rate law for a chemical reaction can be integrated with respect to time
to give an equation that relates the amount of reactant or product present in a reaction
mixture to the elapsed time of the reaction. In addition, notice that there is k, or also
known as rate constant, in the equations.

• The k is the proportionality constant in the equation that expresses the relationship
between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentrations of the reacting
substances. The value of k is obtained from the integrative rate law, which is actually
the slope of the straight-line plot or graph. Notice, that the y-axis is different on each
rate order, zero order y = [Conc.], first order y = ln [Conc.] and second order y =
1/[Conc.]. Therefore, knowing the k, and the initial concentration, we can calculate
amount left of the reactant in a reaction or vice versa.
Zero-Order Reactions
The rate of a zero-order reaction is independent of the concentration of reactant.

rate = k [A]0 , and since [A]0 = 1

First Order Reactions

Second Order Reactions

Where [𝐀]𝐨 is the initial concentration of A (the concentration at time 0), [A] is the
concentration of A at time t, k is the rate constant.
Half-life
From the equation based on integrative rate law on each order, a half-life can be derived. Half-
life is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly
used to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable
atoms survive. The term is also used more generally to characterize any type of exponential or
non-exponential decay. For example, the medical sciences refer to the biological half-life of
drugs and other chemicals in the human body. The converse of half-life is doubling time.

Sample problem
1. For the reaction in which A and B form C, the following data were obtained from three
experiments.
[A] mol/L [B] mol/L rate of formation [C] mol/L.s
0.30 0.15 7.0 x 10−4
0.60 0.30 2.8 x 10−3
0.30 0.30 1.4 x 10−3

a). What is the rate equation for the reaction?

b). What is the numerical value of the rate constant, k?

Solution:
A + B C

a. r = k [A][B]

r
b. k = [𝐀][𝐁]

2. The reaction between Mg ribbon and hydrochloric acid is:

Mg (s) + HCl (aq) 𝐌𝐠𝐂𝐥𝟐 (aq) + 𝐇𝟐 (g) . The data below was recorded.
Examine the data. What is the average rate of reaction?

Time (s) Mass of Magnesium

0 0.012
2 0.010
6 0.006
8 0.004

Concentration of [A] (reactant) at 𝑡1 − Concentration of [A] (reactant) at 𝑡2

Average rate of reaction =
𝑡2 − 𝑡1

0.012 − 0.010
Average rate of reaction = = 0.001
2 − 0

0.010 − 0.006 0.001

Average rate of reaction = 6 − 2
=

Average rate of reaction =

0.006 − 0.004
= 0.001
8 − 6
3. Write the reaction rate equation and identify the order of reaction for the following
equations:
a. A + 2B 3C r = k [A] [𝐁]𝟐 Third order

b. 2N2 O5 4 NO2 + O2 r = k [𝐍𝟐 𝐎𝟓 ]𝟐 Second order

order

c. Zn + 2 HCl H2 + ZnCl2 r = k [𝐙𝐧] [𝐇𝐂𝐥]𝟐 Third order

4. An experimental data on the reaction of H2 and PO3 is given below:

Initial
Initial PO3 Initial H2
Rate
Experiment 1 0.100 0.100 1.50
Experiment 2 0.200 0.100 3.00
Experiment 3 0.100 0.200 6.00

a. What is the order of reaction with respect to [PO3 ]?

b. What is the order of reaction with respect to [H2 ]?
c. What is the rate equation for the reaction and the overall order of reaction?
Solution: Let: x = [PO3 ] y = [H2 ]
r = k [PO3 ]𝑥 [H2 ]𝑦
equate experiment 1 and experiment 2 to get equate experiment 1 and experiment 3 to get
the order of the reaction x which is [𝐏𝐎𝟑 ] the order of the reaction y which is [𝐇𝟐 ]
𝑟1 𝑘1 [PO3 ]𝑥 [H2 ]𝑦 𝑟1 𝑘1 [PO3 ]𝑥 [H2 ]𝑦
= =
𝑟2 𝑘2 [PO3 ]𝑥 [H2 ]𝑦 𝑟3 𝑘3 [PO3 ]𝑥 [H2 ]𝑦

1.50 𝑘 (0.100)𝑥 (0.100)𝑦 1.50 𝑘 (0.100)𝑥 (0.100)𝑦

= =
3.00 𝑘 (0.200)𝑥 (0.100)𝑦 6.00 𝑘 (0.100)𝑥 (0.200)𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
(0.100) (0.100)
0.5 = 𝑥 0.25 = 𝑦
(0.200) (0.200)

0.5 = (0.5)𝑥 0.25 = (0.5)𝑦

To get the value of x and y use Logarithm Properties
log 0.5 = x log 0.5 log 0.25 = x log 0.5
log 0.5 log 0.25
x = log 0.5
y = log 0.5

x = 1 y = 2

What is the order of reaction with respect to [PO3 ]? First order

What is the order of reaction with respect to [H2 ]? Second order
What is the rate equation for the reaction and the overall order of reaction?

r = k [𝐏𝐎𝟑 ] [𝐇𝟐 ]𝟐 Third order

5. The reaction C2 H5Cl (g) C2 H4 (g) + HCl (g) is first order in C2 H5Cl (g). The rate
constant is 1.60 x 10 /s for the reaction conducted at 650 K. in an investigation of the
−6

decomposition of C2 H5Cl (g), an initial concentration of 0.165 mol/L was used.

a). What will the concentration of C2 H5Cl (g) be after 125 hours?
b). How many hours will it take for the concentration of C2 H5Cl (g) to drop to 0.100
mol/L?
c). How many hours will it take for 75% of the C2 H5Cl (g) to decompose?
d). Determine the half-life in hours for the decomposition of C2 H5 Cl (g) at 650 K?

Solution: (first order)

[C2 H5 Cl]0 = 0.165 mol/L
k = 1.60 x 10−6 /s

a. What will the concentration of C2 H5 Cl (g) be after 125 hours?

3600 s
@ t = 125 hours x = 450,000 s
1 hr

[A]o 𝑘𝑡
log ( ) =
[A] 2.303

1.60 𝑥 10−6
0.165 mol/L
( )(450,000 s)
𝑠
log =
[C2 H5 Cl] 2.303

0.165 mol/L
= antilog 0.3126
[C2 H5 Cl]

0.165 mol/L
= 2.054
[C2 H5 Cl]

0.165 mol/L 𝐦𝐨𝐥

[C2 H5 Cl] = = 0.080 𝐋
2.054

b. How many hours will it take for the concentration of C2 H5Cl (g) to drop to 0.100 mol/L?

[A]o 𝑘𝑡
log ( ) =
[A] 2.303
1.60 𝑥 10−6
( )t
0.165 mol/L 𝑠
log =
0.100 mol/L 2.303

1.60 𝑥 10−6
( )t
𝑠
log 1.65 =
2.303

(2.303) log 1.65 = (1.60 x 10−6 /𝑠) t

(2.303) log 1.65
t =
1.60 x 10−6 /𝑠

1 hr
t = 313,041 s x = 87 hrs
3600 s
c. This type of problem can be solved by the method used in part. Since 75% of the [C2 H5Cl]
has decompose, [C2 H5 Cl] is equal to 25% of the original concentration, [C2 H5 Cl]0

[C2 H5Cl] = 0.25 [C2 H5 Cl]0

= 0.25 (0.165 mol/L)
= 0.04125 mol/L

Substitute the value in the formula of first order.

[A]o 𝑘𝑡
log ( ) =
[A] 2.303

1.60 𝑥 10−6
0.165 mol/L ( )t
𝑠
log ( ) =
0.04125 mol/L 2.303

1.60 𝑥 10−6
( )t
𝑠
log 4 =
2.303

(2.303) log 4 = (1.60 x 10−6 /𝑠) t

(2.303) log 4
t =
1.60 x 10−6 /𝑠

1 hr
t = 866,590 s x = 241 hrs
3600 s

d. Determine the half-life in hours for the decomposition of C2 H5Cl (g) at 650 K?

0.693
t1/2 = k

Substitute the value of rate constant, k.

0.693
t1/2 = 1.60 x 10−6 /𝑠

1 hr
t1/2 = 433,125 s x
3600 s

t1/2 = 120 hrs

 ACTIVITIES
Solve and analyze the following problems. (Show your solution)

1. The reaction S2 F10 SF6 + SF4 is first order in S2 F10 . The rate constant
is 4.94 x 10 /s for the reaction conducted at 448K. In an investigation of the
−6

decomposition of S2 F10, an initial concentration of 0.235 mol/L was used.

a. What will the concentration of S2 F10 be after 32.5 hours?

b. How many hours will it take for the concentration of S2 F10 to drop to 0.230 mol/L?
c. How many hours will it take for 35% of the S2 F10 to decompose?
d. Determine the half-life in hours for the decomposition of S2 F10 at 448 K.

2. The decomposition of 2 HI (g) H2 (g) + I2 (g) is a second-order reaction, and

L
the rate constant for the reaction run at 410℃ is 5.1 𝑥 10−4 mol . s
. In an experiment at
410℃, the initial concentration of HI (g) was 0.36 mol/L.

a. What is the concentration oh HI (g) after 12 minutes have elapsed?

b. How many minutes will it take for the concentration of HI to drop to 0.25 mol/L?
c. What is the half-life of this system?

3. For a hypothetical reaction of C + D E , the data below was collected

[C] [D] Rate mol/L.s
mol/L mol/L
Experiment 1 0.1 0.01 0.02
Experiment 2 0.1 0.04 0.02
Experiment 3 0.4 0.04 0.08

a. What is the rate equation with respect to [C]?

b. What is the rate equation with respect to [D]?
c. What is the overall rate of equation for the reaction?
d. What is the overall order of reaction?

4. Consider the table of the initial rate for the reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and
carbon monoxide.
[Hb] [CO] Initial Rate,
mol/L mol/L mol/L.s
Experiment 1 2.21 1.00 0.619
Experiment 2 4.42 1.00 1.24
Experiment 3 3.36 2.40 2.26

a. What is the order of reaction with respect to [Hb]?

b. What is the order of reaction with respect to [CO]?
c. What is the rate of equation for the reaction?
d. What is the rate constant, k?
 WRAP –UP

o The rate of reaction can be expressed in terms of the decrease in concentration of a

reactant per unit time or the increase in concentration of a product per unit time.

o The reaction rate is usually directly proportional to the concentrations of reactants

raised to various powers (including zero). The mathematical statement that relates
reaction rate to the concentrations of reactants is called a rate equation or the rate law.
The proportionality constant in the rate equation, k is called rate constant.

o The order of a reaction is equal to the sum of the exponents of the concentration terms
in the rate equation. The form of a rate equation can be determined by measuring the
initial rates of a series of reaction in which the initial concentrations of the reactants are
varied.

o Rate equation (which relate reaction rates to concentrations) can be converted into
mathematical expressions that relate concentrations to elapsed time. These expressions
can be used to find a concentration at a given time or to identify the order of a reaction

o The half-life of a reaction is the time that takes for half of a reactant to be converted
into products. For first-order reactions, the half-life is independent of the initial
concentrations of reactants. For the other reaction orders, the half-life varies with initial
concentrations.

o The collision theory accounts for the rate of a chemical reaction on the basis of collision
between reacting molecules. For an effective collision (one that results in a reaction), a
minimum energy is required and the colliding molecules must be aligned properly.

o The transition state theory describes a step in a chemical reaction in terms of the
attainment of a transition state (or an activated complex.
 POST TEST
Read each of the following statements and choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

1. Which is correct about zero order reaction?

A. Rate of reaction depends on decay constant
B. Unit of rate constant is concentration
C. Unit of rate constant is concentration 1 time
D. Rate of reaction is independent of concentration

2. What is the unit of y for the first order rate of reaction if plotted linearly on the graph?
A. Concentration C. 1/Concentration
B. ln Concentration D. rate of reaction

3. For a reaction 2A + B 2C, with the rate equation: Rate = k[A]2 [B]
A. the order with respect to A is 1 and the order overall is 1.
B. the order with respect to A is 2 and the order overall is 2.
C. the order with respect to A is 2 and the order overall is 3.
D. the order with respect to B is 2 and the order overall is 4

4. The rate constant of a reaction depends on which of the following?

A. Mass C. Weight
B. Temperature D. Time

5. If the initial concentration of the reactant is doubled, the time for half reaction is also
doubled. Then the order of the reaction is
A. Zero C. Fraction
B. One D. None
6. Which of the following refers to the half-life of a first-order reaction?
A. is constant
B. is the time necessary for the reactant concentration to drop to half its
original value
C. does not depend on the initial reactant
D. all of the above are correct

7. The rate law of the overall reaction A + B C is rate = k [A]2 . Which of the following
will not increase the rate?
A. increasing the concentration of reactant A
B. adding a catalyst for the reaction
C. increasing the concentration of reactant B
D. decreasing the pressure of the container

8. The rate constant of a reaction is 5.8 × 10−2 s−1.Which of the following is the order of
the reaction?
A. First order C. Second order
B. Zero order D. Third order

9. Given the reaction inside the container, CO2 (g) + H2 O(l) → H2 CO3 (aq). What will happen
if the pressure of the container increases?
A. The rate increases C. The rate will remain the same
B. The rate decreases D. Has no effect whatsoever

10. A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by

A. Reacting with products C. Increasing the activation energy
B. Reacting with reactants D. Decreasing the activation energy
 R E F E R E N CE S

Books:

1. Marissa F. Ayson et.al. General Chemistry 2

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

2. Richard Bauer (2016). General Chemistry. Abiva Publishing House, Inc.

3. Chang, R. (2008). General chemistry: the essential concepts. Boston: McGraw-

Hill,.).

4. Brown, T. L., LeMay Jr, H. E., Bursten, B. E., Murphy, C., Woodward, P.,
Langford, S., ... & George, A. (2013). Chemistry: The Central Science. Pearson
Higher Education AU.

5. Chemical kinetics. (n.d.). Purdue University College of Science Welcome.

https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/rate.ph
 ANSWER SHEET
2nd SEMESTER - GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
MODULE - 5

Name: __________________________________________ Score: ________________

Grade & Section: _______________________________ Date: _________________

POST TEST

1. _____ 3. _____ 5. _____ 7. _____ 9. ____

2. _____ 4. _____ 6. _____ 8. _____ 10. ____

ACTIVITIES
Solve and analyze the following problems. (Show your solution)