Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Giao An Hoc Ki 1
Giao An Hoc Ki 1
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27. Treatment /'tri:tmənt/ sự điều trị; cuộc điều trị; thuốc điều trị
28. Tuberculosis /tju:,bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ /tu:bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ (n) bệnh lao
29. Virus (n) vi-rút
30. Work out: tập thể dục
GRAMMAR
1. Phân biệt cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng có thể còn Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trong
kéo dài tới hiện tại và tương lai quá khứ
Eg: I have learnt English for 10 years. Eg: I learnt English 10 years ago.
(Tôi học tiếng Anh được 10 năm rồi.) (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh 10 năm trước – và
tôi không còn học nữa.)
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng còn ảnh Hành động đã xảy ra và không còn liên hệ
hưởng tới hiện tại gì với hiện tại
Eg: I have broken my leg. Eg: 10 years ago, I broke my leg once.
(Tôi đã bị gãy chân – nên bây giờ tôi nằm ở bệnh viện.) (10 năm trước, tôi đã bị gãy chân một lần)
2. Cấu trúc Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
(?) (Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S + VpII? * Tobe: (Từ để hỏi) + was/ were + S + .....?
Eg: How long have you lived there? * Verb: (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + Vinf + .....?
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(Bạn sống ở đó bao lâu rồi?) Eg: When did you buy that book?
(Bạn đã mua cuốn sách đó khi nào vậy?)
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
PRACTICE
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
1. I .......................... (not/play) football since I was at school but I ........................ (be) very good at it back
then.
2. A: ........................ you ........................ (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I ........................ (buy) one yesterday.
3. I think our teacher ........................ (forget) about the test! He ........................ (not/ say) anything about it in
the last season!
4. A: ........................ (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people ........................ (see) it last month and ........................ (buy) it.
5. They ........................ (lose) their cat. It ........................ (run) away last week.
6. ........................ Helen ever ........................ (try) sushi?
7. ........................ you ........................ (go) to the wedding last night?
8. I ........................ never ........................ (be) to Paris
9. This year I ........................ (travel) to Athens 3 times so far.
10. Paul and Judith ........................ (be) married since 1998.
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10. Make sure you get a balanced intake of vitamins and minerals to stay healthy.
A. recognition B. stimulation C. consumption D. digestion
11. Obesity and heart disease can be exacerbated by excessive fast-food consumption.
A. Being underweight B. Being overweight C. Child malnutrition D. Famine stricken
12. Meditation is a popular way to relieve stress in today's hectic lifestyles.
A. reduce B. reproduce C. rehearse D. rename
13. People can fight infection more effectively if they eat a nutritious diet.
A. injection B. disease C. hygiene D. digestion
14. Do school-based social skills training programs prevent alcohol use among young people?
A. boost B. stimulate C. avoid D. trigger
15. Many people wear protective clothing when they go outside to avoid sunburn.
A. recommence B. encourage C. facilitate D. block
16. Remember to wash your face twice a day with warm water and mild soap to remove dirt.
A. light B. destructive C. strong D. protective
17. Pimple squeezing can cause swelling, redness, and injection.
A. falling B. declining C. shrinking D. becoming bigger
18. Consuming a wide range of fruits and vegetables supplies you with vitamins and nutrients.
A. broad B. narrow C. limited D. uncertain
19. She gave us some advice on how to keep our skin healthy and how to avoid common skin problems.
A. specific B. normal C. infrequent D. devoted
20. Having healthy skin is especially crucial to women to maintain their beauty.
A. trivial B. meaningless C. vital D. contributory
21. If you look at a computer screen for an extended period of time, your eyesight may deteriorate.
A. suffer B. observe C. glance D. gaze
22. Life expectancy increases can be attributed to healthier lifestyles, improved nutrition, and advances in
medical science and technology.
A. mainstays B. householders C. breadwinners D. breakthroughs
23. Mass media have helped to raise people’s awareness of lifestyle choices.
A. stabilize B. minimize C. lift D. embark
24. For over ten years, John Kennedy has worked as a fitness trainer.
A. practitioner B. instructor C. interviewer D. dieter
25. Here are some precautions to take when engaging in various types of physical activities.
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Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. The smallest _____________ are about 0.4 micron in diameter.
A. animals B. species C. bacteria D. diseases
2. Some can cause ___________ diseases such as tuberculosis and food poisoning.
A. infect B. infection C. infectious D. infectiously
3. Since 2009, Iceland has been the global _________ in gender equality.
A. leader B. leads C. leading D. lead
4. Vaccines are often used to prevent the _________ of diseases caused by viruses.
A. development B. increase C. decrease D. spread
5. Viruses can cause a range of illness, from the common cold or the flu to more _________ diseases such as
AIDS and Covid-19.
A. infectious B. minimal C. serious D. benign
6. Start by looking at food labels, paying attention to ingredients and ________ such as vitamins and minerals
A. nutrients B. features C. types D. drinkables
7. The screens __________ blued light that can prevent you from sleeping well.
A. give away B. give out C. give in D. give off
8. Exercise __________ to always keep your body fit and your mind happy.
A. regular B. regularly C. irregular D. irregularly
9. Many doctors recommend _________ as a way to reduce stress.
A. meditation B. thought C. stillness D. calmness
10. Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of ________ that support healthy blood sugar levels.
A. nutrition B. nutrients C. nutritionists D. nutritious
11. Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest ________ in the world.
A. life skills B. life work C. life force D. life expectancy
12.This idea has long been _________ to Keynes, but in fact he was not the first to think of it.
A. contributed B. attributed C. dedicated D. applied
13. The doctor put me on a low-salt __________ to reduce my blood pressure.
A. weight B. food C. scale D. diet
14. The acid in nonstick pans is associated with birth and developmental defects, _________ system
problems, and cancer.
A. immune B. immunity C. immunization D. immunized
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15. By paying attention to your hunger signals and switching to healthy snacks, you can _________ nutrition,
control cravings, and lose weight.
A. succeed B. boost C. stimulate D. request
16. Baking soda is considered the best home _________ for acne as it sooths itching and inflammation around
spots.
A. chemical B. medicine C. remedy D. substance
17. My own _________ for health is less paperwork and more running barefoot through the grass.
A. hobby B. treatment C. medicine D. prescription
18. If you want to keep fit, you should keep doing _________ like jogging, cycling, or swimming every day.
A. exercise B. homework C. test D. examination
19. Laura fell asleep during the lesson _________ she was tired.
A. so B. but C. because D. therefore
20. The doctor __________ me to go jogging every morning.
A. demanded B. advised C. ordered D. persuaded
21. Fruit tastes good __________ it’s healthy for your body.
A. so B. but C. or D. and
22. In order to have good ____________, you should eat lightly and laugh cheerfully.
A. spirit B. body C. health D. mood
23. I forgot to wear a sun hat today and I got a__________.
A. backache B. headache C. stomachache D. earache
24. Watching too much television is not good ___________ your eyes.
A. at B. for C. with D. to
25. He eats a lot of burger and chips so he’s putting on___________.
A. weigh B. weightless C. weight D. weighting
26. The Japanese eat a lot of fish instead of meat _________they are healthier.
A. although B. so C. but D. because
27. You can avoid some diseases by _________ yourself clean.
A. looking B. bringing C. keeping D. taking
28. When you have a temperature, you should drink more water and rest ________.
A. least B. less C. most D. more
29. When you have flu, you may have a cough and a ________ nose.
A. following B. noisy C. runny D. running
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. Last night she worked very hard. She wanted to finish the report on time.
A. Last night she worked very hard so as to finish the report on time.
B. Last night she worked very hard although he wanted to finish the report on time.
C. However hard she worked last night; she finished the report on time.
D. No matter how hard she worked last night, she finished the report on time.
2. You'd better call him immediately. It's possible he'll leave for Paris.
A. If he leaves for Paris, you should call him immediately.
B. You'd better call him immediately as he possibly leaves for Paris.
C. You'd better call him immediately so that he possibly leaves for Paris.
D. You'd better call him immediately unless he possibly leaves for Paris.
3. She wasn't wearing a seat-belt. She was injured.
A. If she hadn't been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured.
B. If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she would have been injured.
C. If she were wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't be injured.
D. If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured.
4. I eat a lot. I cannot keep fit.
A. I eat more and more and become fitter and fitter.
B. The less I eat, the fitter I become.
C. The more I eat, the less fit I become.
D. I become fit not only because I eat a lot.
5. They finished one project. They started working on the next.
A. Had they finished one project, they would have started working on the next.
B. Only if they had they finished one project did they start working on the next.
C. Hardly had they finished one project when they started working on the next.
D. Not until they started working on the next project did they finish the previous one.
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage 1 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
Life expectancy is the period of time that a person can expect to live. Life expectancy varies greatly between
genders and cultures. It used to be that women had a lower life expectancy than men (1 in every 4 women died in
childbirth), but now they live an average of four to five years longer than men. Life expectancy has been
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increasing rapidly over the last centuries. With the advent of such modern miracles as sewers, medicine and a
greater understanding of how diseases are spread, our life expectancy has increased by 25-30 years.
In developing countries like Swaziland, where there is a high HIV/ AIDS rate, life expectancy is as low as
32.6 years. In developed countries like Australia, life expectancy rates are as high as 81 years. There are an increasing
number of factors which can cancel out the disadvantages you have. The one that we are looking at now is how
your career can affect your life expectancy. Choosing the wrong career can result in a shorter life!
If you want your career to positively influence your life expectancy, you have to be made of money. That's
right. Rich people in wealthy areas of England and France live 10 years longer than the people in poorer areas.
Having a successful career has its drawbacks, too if the result of hard work is stress.
Stress can lead to a number of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, tension and
aggression. These conditions may result in a lack of concentration and an increase in serious injuries at work.
They can also lead to high blood pressure and heart attacks which seriously affect life expectancy.
If you are worried that your job might decrease your life expectancy, you probably need to avoid careers on
"dangerous jobs" list such as timber cutters, pilots, construction workers, roofer, truck drivers.
So if you don't want to kick the bucket at an early age, choose a career in something other than timber
cutting, but above all, remember to relax.
From Pre-Essence Reading by Rachel Lee, Longman
1. The passage mainly discusses ___________.
A. The definition of life expectancy
B. The comparison of life expectancy between women and men
C. The importance of a successful career
D. The effects of a career on one’s life expectancy
2. The average life expectancy is 32.6 years in ________
A. Swaziland
B. France
C. Australia
D. England
3. Why does an increase in stress lelad to an increase in workplace accidents?
A. Workers like to take sick leave and stay home
B. It leads o a decrease in concentration and depression
C. Workers don’t care as much as about their jobs
D. Workers are too busy to observe safety regulations
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4. It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that the disadvantage of a successful career is that _____
A. Yon won’t have to take a job on the “dangerous jobs” list
B. You are at the greater risk of being a victim of crime
C. There is a high number of work-related injuries
D. You are more likely to be under stress
5. The phrase “kick the bucket” in the passage is closest in meaning to ___________
A. die B. relax C. live D. succeed
Read the following passage 2 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
Health Benefits of Yoga
Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is
suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc. If you are a yoga beginner,
Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to
increase strength through using more of your own body's resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you.
Whether you prefer you're at home, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym, there are a
huge variety of options available to suit your goals and needs. Improved flexibility is one of the first and most
obvious benefits of yoga. During your first class, you probably won't be able to touch your toes. But if you
stick with it, you'll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become
possible. Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the muscles around the spine, the very center of your
body, which is the core from which everything else operates.
When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neck
pain. Strong muscles do more than look good. They also protect us from conditions like arthritis and back
pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with
flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you might build strength at the expense of
flexibility. Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can
help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which
function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and
allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released. Many studies found that a consistent yoga
practice improved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better immune function.
1. Yoga is a very convenient type of exercise because_______________.
A. we can watch a DVD at a studio or gym and follow it
B. we can choose a yoga style that is suitable for our lifestyle
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The fact is we should spend more on newer, more expensive medicines because they are worth the
investment. Medical innovation creates what Harvard economist David Cutler calls health capital — the
ability of people to stay well early and consistently throughout their lives, and remain that way at an
increasingly older age. In fact, under the most conservative assumption, the U.S would have needed only
about 30% of the improvement in medical progress over the period in time. In the case of congestive heart
failure, Mr. Cutler found that increased consumption of new and more expensive drugs and other innovative
technologies generated longer life, more productivity and lower health costs that offset the cost of their
development and consumption.
1. What has changed the least since 1960?
A. Percentage of money Americans pay for medicines out of their own pockets.
B. The variety of drugs available.
C. Percentage of healthcare dollar on medicines.
D. The amount of money spent on drugs by insurance companies.
2. Claims by insurers and corporations that drug costs are driving insurance costs are overstated because ____.
A. drug costs have not increased in the past
B. insurance costs have not increased in the past
C. premiums have increased by more than 20% in the last two years
D. premiums have increased much more than have total medical costs in the past three years
3. The way to invest in health capital is to ____.
A. adopt a healthy lifestyle
B. spend around 10% of the healthcare money on medicines
C. spend money on medicines that the latest medical science can offer
D. spend more money on medical care in spite of higher health costs
4. The cost of congestive heart failure illustrates that ____.
A. health capital is no guarantee for a better life
B. using newer drugs may prove too expensive for many people
C. using newer drugs contributes to a better life
D. it is difficult to make people spend more on medicines
5. The main idea of the passage is that ____.
A. people should spend more money on good medicines
B. people should get insurers to pay for their medicines
C. people are reluctant to pay a lot of money on medicines
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Read the following passage 4 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
Highest Life Expectancy in The World
Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead (1) ______
lives past the age of 100. A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who live there are
believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth. The longest living women were found in Okinawa,
Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men reach the age of
100 at an amazing rate, another was 2_________ on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007. Only one of
the blue zones is located in the United States. It was found when researchers who were staying in Loma Linda,
California discovered they suffered from (3) ______ of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts
of the United States and throughout the developed world. The final blue zone was found on an expedition to
the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer, and (4)
_______ zero dementia - loss of memory. What's their secret formula for (5) _____ another 10 healthy years?
Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to have
good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (6) _______ , they concluded the other
70% can be up to us. Other (7)______ the people living in the blue zones have in common include less stress
and more (8)______ , strong (9) _______ on family, a fresh natural plant based, diet, very little red meat and
daily exercise. Leading their lives with a sense of (10) ______ was a big factor. It insures they look forward to
getting up in the morning.
1. A. act B. action C. active D. actively
2. A. got B. discovered C. come D. become
3. A. bits B. pieces C. a piece D. a fraction
4. A. almost B. quite C. hardly D. about
5. A. making B. adding C. bringing D. supplying
6. A. remedy B. behaviour C. lifestyle D. medicine
7. A. traits B. types C. tracks D. problems
8. A. sociable B. social C. society D. socializing
9. A. pressure B. effect C. emphasis D. influence
10. A. value B. meaning C. determination D. purpose
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Read the following passage 5 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
We need calories or (1)…………………..to do the things every day. For example, when we walk to school or
(2) ………………..a bike to school we spend a certain amount of (3)………….and even when we sleep, we
also use them. But how many calories should we (4) ………………a day to stay in shape? It’s difficult (5)
…………………..us to calculate. If people want to keep (6) …………….., they should remember that
everyone should have between 1600 and 2500 calories a day.
We get calories (7) ……………. the food we eat. If we get too many food and don’t take part (8)…………
any activities, we can get fat quickly. So besides studying, we should do some (9)………….., play sports or
do the housework, such as cleaning the floor, cooking etc. Otherwise, we don’t eat enough, we will be (10)
…………….and weak.
1. A. food B. energy C. drink D. ingredient
2. A. ride B. come C. drive D. fly
3. A. things B. food C. calories D. vitamins
4. A. do B. spend C. have D. make
5. A. for B. with C. in D. on
6. A. health B. fit C. active D. ridicilous
7. A. in B. of C. from D. at
8. A. with B. in C. on D. from
9. A. exercises B. activities C. conversations D. campaigns
10. A. extensive B. tired C. exhausted D. brave
Read the following passage 6 and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
LIVING A HEALTHIER LIFE
Keeping fit and healthy may seem difficult, but there are few-easy-follow guidelines. Firstly, a
balanced diet is absolutely essential. This means selecting food that is (1) __________ in salt and sugar.
Experts recommend reducing the amount of fat in your diet as too much can lead to heart problems.
They also suggest increasing (2) __________ of high fiber food we eat. This comes in the form of fresh fruit,
vegetables, whole meal bread and pasta. As well as being packed (3) __________ vitamins and minerals, they
are delicious, too. Secondly, it’s important to fit exercise in to your daily routine. This can be done by simply
walking as much as possible and climbing stairs instead of (4) __________ the lift. Finally, staying relaxed is
important for good health. Too much stress can lead to a variety of illness, from headaches to high blood
pressure. (5)_______possible, do things you enjoy and treat yourself occasionally. So the message is simple -
enjoy yourself but learn to respect your body too. It’s all a question of getting the balance right.
In the graph above, average life expectancy (in years) is compared 1 ........................ six countries: Monaco,
the United States, the Philippines, Laos, Rwanda, and South Africa.
The graph organizes the country from 2 ........................ life expectancy to shortest, left to right. Individuals in
Monaco have the longest life expectancy, well over 84 years. Next highest is the United States, with a life
expectancy around 75 years. The Philippines is third 3 ........................, Laos is fourth, and Rwanda second to
last. All of these have a life expectancy of 4 ........................ than 52 years. Of the six countries surveyed here,
only South Africa has a life expectancy lower than this.
In summary, life expectancies from this survey of six countries vary widely. That of Monaco (with the highest
life expectancy) approaches twice that of South Africa (with the lowest life expectancy). In this
5 ........................ , Europe and the US 6 ........................ longest life expectancies, Asia is in the middle, and
the African countries have the shortest life expectancies.
Passage 2
Family history; psychological factors, and (1) ........................ all play a role in childhood obesity. Children
whose parents or other family members are (2) ........................ or obese are more likely to follow suit. But the
main (3) ........................ childhood obesity is a combination of eating too much and exercising too little.
A poor (4) ........................containing high levels of fat or sugar and few nutrients can cause kids to gain
weight quickly. Fast food, candy, and soft drinks are common culprits. The U.S. Department of Health &
Human Services (HHS) reports that 32 percent of adolescent girls and 52 percent of adolescent boys in the
United States drink 24 ounces of soda - or more - per day.
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Convenience foods, such as frozen dinners, salty snacks, and canned pastas, can also (5) ........................ to
unhealthy weight gain. Some children become obese because their parents don't know how to choose or
prepare healthy foods. Other families may not be able to easily afford fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats.
Not enough (6) ........................ can be another cause of childhood obesity. People of' all ages tend to gain
weight when they're less active. Exercise burns (7) ........................and helps you maintain a healthy weight.
Children who aren't encouraged to be active may be less likely to burn extra calories through sports, time on
the playground, or other forms of physical activity.
Psychological issues may also lead to obesity in some children. Kids and teens who are bored, stressed, or
depressed may eat (8) ........................ to cope with negative emotions.
Passage 3
Street Games
................................................................................................................................................
2. How many/ you/ bum/ do/ aerobics/ 2 hours? /calories/
................................................................................................................................................
3. getting/ enough/ sleep/ help/ students/ do/ their best/ the classroom.
................................................................................................................................................
4. The / that/ sport/ helps/ organization/ young people/ in/ other/ their lives./believes/ areas/ of
................................................................................................................................................
Write sentences, using the words given
1. “Why don’t you put better lock on the door, Barbara”? said John
John suggested…………………………………………………………..
………..................................................
2. Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.
Despite
his………………………………………………………………………..................................................
3. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
This is the
first……………………………………………………………………..................................................
4. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house.
Plans……………………………………………………………………………................................................
…
5. It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday
You………………………………………………………………………………................................................
6. He began reading book two months ago
He
has……………………………………………………………………………..................................................
7. They started studying English when they were in grade 3.
They
have…………………………………………………………………………................................................
8. This is the first time I have been abroad.
I
haven’t……………………………………………………………………………................................................
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Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 1:
S+ has/have + not + P2 + for + thời gian.
→ It’s + thời gian…. + since……. + last + Quá khứ đơn.
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 2:
S + has/have + not + P2 + before.
→ It is the first time + S + has/have + P2.
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 3:
S + has/have + not + P2 + since/for +…
→ S + last + V2/ed…+… ago/ mệnh đề quá khứ đơn.
→ The last time + S + V2/ed + was + thời gian + (ago).
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