Metals and their Properties-Physical and Chemical

MAIN GROUPS OF METALS COLOR ON THE MAIN TABLE

Alkali Metals
Alkaline metals
Early Transition Metals
Late transition Metals
Lanthanide Metals
Actinide Metals
Basic/Poor metals

SUB-GROUPS OF SOME OF THE MAIN GROUP OF METALS:

TRANSURANIUM METALS (Metals that has an atomic number higher than uranium)
PART OF LIST OF ELEMENTS INCLUDED COLOR ON THE MAIN TABLE
 Rutherfordium (RF)
 Dubnium (Db)
Early transition Metals  Seaborgium (Sg)
 Bohrium (Bh)

 Hassium (Hs)
 Meitnerium (Mt)
 Darmstadium (Ds)
Late Transition Metals
 Roentgenium (Rg)
 Coppernicium (Cn)

 Flerovium (Fl)
Basic/Poor Metals
 Livermorium (Lv)

OTHER GROUP OF METAL:

METALLOIDS/SEMI-METAL
ELEMENT INCLUDED COLOR ON THE MAIN TABLE
Polonium

MAIN TABLE - ALL METALS

 Please keep in mind that this table is a list based on increasing atomic number.

LIST OF METALS PROPERTIES

 Element Symbol Physical Chemical
 High malleability  React with oxygen
 High luster  Violently react with water
 Highly ductile  Forms compound with cadmium
 Melting point– 180.5C and Zinc
 Boiling point – 1,342C  Low ionization energy
Lithium Li
 Color – Silver  Electronegativity – 0.98
 Density at 20C – 0.534  Color imparted to flame – red
 Specific heat (joules per gram  High thermal reactivity
kelvin) –3.582  High electrical reactivity

 Good conductor of electricity  Strong reducing agent

 High melting point – 1,287C
 High boiling point – 2,471C
Beryllium Be  Color – gray
 Density at 20C – 1.85
 Highly Metallic
 Readiness to tarnish when
exposed to air
 Electronegativity – 1.57

 High malleability  React with oxygen

 High luster  Violently react with water
 Highly ductile  Forms compound with cadmium
 Melting point– 97.72C and Zinc
 Boiling point – 883C  Low ionization energy
Sodium Na  Color – Silver  Electronegativity – 0.93
 Density at 20C – 0.971  Color imparted to flame –
 Specific heat (joules per gram yellow
kelvin) –1.228  High thermal reactivity
 High electrical reactivity

 Good conductor of electricity  Strong reducing agent

 High melting point – 650C
 High boiling point – 1,090C
Magnesium Mg  Color – silvery white
 Density at 20C – 1.74
 Highly Metallic
 Readiness to tarnish when
exposed to air
 Electronegativity – 1.31

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Aluminum Al  Soft
 High conductivity

Potassium K  High malleability  React with oxygen

 High luster  Violently react with water
 Highly ductile  Low ionization energy
 Melting point– 63.38C  Electronegativity – 0.82
 Boiling point – 759C  Color imparted to flame – violet
  Color – Silver  High thermal reactivity
 Density at 20C – 0.862  High electrical reactivity
 Specific heat (joules per gram
kelvin) –0.757

 Good conductor of electricity  Strong reducing agent

 High melting point – 842C
 High boiling point – 1.484C
Calcium Ca  Color – silvery white
 Density at 20C – 1.55
 Highly Metallic
 Readiness to tarnish when
exposed to air
 Electronegativity – 1

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Hard charges
 Strong
 Malleable
Scandium Sc
 Ductile
 High melting point – 1,541C
 High boiling point – 2,836C
 High density (at 20C) – 2.99

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Hard charges
 Strong
 Malleable
Titanium Ti
 Ductile
 High melting point – 1,668C
 High boiling point – 3,287C
 High density (at 20C) – 4.54

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Vanadium V
 High melting point – 1,910C
 High boiling point – 3,407C
 High density (at 20C) – 6.11

Chromium Cr  Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
 High melting point – 1,907C
 High boiling point – 2,672C
  High density (at 20C) – 7.14

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Manganese Mn  High melting point – 1,246C
 High boiling point – 2,061C
 High density (at 20C) – 7.21-
7.44

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Iron Fe
 High melting point – 1,538C
 High boiling point – 2,861C
 High density (at 20C) – 7.87

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Cobalt Co
 High melting point – 1,497C
 High boiling point – 2,927C
 High density (at 20C) – 8.9

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Nickel Ni
 High melting point – 1,455C
 High boiling point – 2,913C
 High density (at 20C) – 8.9

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Copper Cu
 High melting point – 1,085C
 High boiling point – 2,927C
 High density (at 20C) – 8.92

Zinc Zn  Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
  Ductile
 High melting point – 420C
 High boiling point – 907C
 High density (at 20C) – 7.14

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Gallium Ga  Soft
 High conductivity

 High malleability  React with oxygen

 High luster  Violently react with water
 Highly ductile  Low ionization energy
 Melting point– 39.31C  Electronegativity – 0.82
 Boiling point – 688C  Color imparted to flame –
Rubidium Rb
 Color – Silver yellow, violet
 Density at 20C – 1.532  High thermal reactivity
 Specific heat (joules per gram  High electrical reactivity
kelvin) –0.363

 Good conductor of electricity  Strong reducing agent

 High melting point – 769C
 High boiling point – 1,384C
Strontium Sr  Color – silvery white
 Density at 20C – 2.63
 Highly Metallic
 Readiness to tarnish when
exposed to air
 Electronegativity – 0.95

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Yttrium Y
 High melting point – 1,522C
 High boiling point – 3,345C
 High density (at 20C) – 4.47

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Zirconium Zr
 High melting point – 1,855C
 High boiling point – 4,409C
 High density (at 20C) – 6.51

Niobium Nb  Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
  Ductile
 High melting point – 2,477C
 High boiling point – 4,744C
 High density (at 20C) – 8.57

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Molybdenum Mo
 High melting point – 2,623C
 High boiling point – 4,639C
 High density (at 20C) – 10.22

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Technetium Tc
 High melting point – 2,157C
 High boiling point – 4,265C
 High density (at 20C) – 11.5

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Ruthenium Ru
 High melting point – 2,334C
 High boiling point – 4,150C
 High density (at 20C) – 12.41

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Rhodium Rh
 High melting point – 1,964C
 High boiling point – 3,695C
 High density (at 20C) – 12.41

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Palladium Pd
 High melting point – 1,555C
 High boiling point – 2,963C
 High density (at 20C) – 12.02

Silver Ag  Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

  Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile  Very unreactive
 High melting point – 962C
 High boiling point – 2,162C
 High density (at 20C) – 10.49

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Cadmium Cd
 High melting point – 321C
 High boiling point – 765C
 High density (at 20C) – 4.58

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Indium In  Soft
 High conductivity

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Tin Sn  Soft
 High conductivity

 High malleability  React with oxygen

 High luster  Violently react with water
 Highly ductile  Low ionization energy
 Melting point– 28.44C  Electronegativity – 0.79
 Boiling point – 671C  Color imparted to flame – blue
Cesium Cs
 Color – Silver  High thermal reactivity
 Density at 20C – 1.873  High electrical reactivity
 Specific heat (joules per gram
kelvin) –0.242

 Good conductor of electricity  Strong reducing agent

 High melting point – 727C
 High boiling point – 1,805C
Barium Ba  Color – silvery white
 Density at 20C – 3.51
 Highly Metallic
 Readiness to tarnish when
exposed to air
 Electronegativity – 0.89

Lanthanum La  Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 920C  Strong reducing agent
 High Boiling point – 3469C  Small atomic radii
  Ionization energy (kJ/mol) – 538

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 795C  Strong reducing agent
Cerium Ce
 High Boiling point – 3468C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol) – 527

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 935C  Strong reducing agent
Praseodymium Pr
 High Boiling point – 3127C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 523

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1024C  Strong reducing agent
Neodymium Nd
 High Boiling point – 3027C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 529

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – C  Strong reducing agent
Promethium Pm
 High Boiling point – C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 536

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1072C  Strong reducing agent
Samarium Sm
 High Boiling point – 1900C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 543

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 826C  Strong reducing agent
Europium Eu
 High Boiling point – 1429C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 546

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1312C  Strong reducing agent
Gadolinium Gd
 High Boiling point – 3000C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 593

Terbium Tb  Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
  High melting point – 1356C  Strong reducing agent
 High Boiling point – 2800C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 564

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1407C  Strong reducing agent
Dysprosium Dy
 High Boiling point – 2600C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 572

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1497C  Strong reducing agent
Holmium Ho
 High Boiling point – 2900C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 589

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1497C  Strong reducing agent
Erbium Er
 High Boiling point – 2900C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 589

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 1545C  Strong reducing agent
Thulium Tm
 High Boiling point – 1727C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 597

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 824C  Strong reducing agent
Ytterbium Yb
 High Boiling point – 1427C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 603

 Lustrous  Very reactive

 Soft  Burn easily in air
 High melting point – 824C  Strong reducing agent
Lutetium Lu
 High Boiling point – 3327C  Small atomic radii
 Ionization energy (kJ/mol)- 523

Hafnium Hf  Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
 High melting point – 2,233C
 High boiling point – 4,603C
  High density (at 20C) – 13.31

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Tantalum Ta
 High melting point – 3,017C
 High boiling point – 5,458C
 High density (at 20C) – 6.65

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Tungsten W
 High melting point – 3,422C
 High boiling point – 5,555C
 High density (at 20C) – 19.3

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Rhenium Re
 High melting point – 3,186C
 High boiling point – 5,596C
 High density (at 20C) – 21.02

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Osmium Os
 High melting point – 3,033C
 High boiling point – 5,012C
 High density (at 20C) – 22.57

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
Iridium Ir
 High melting point – 2,446C
 High boiling point – 4,428C
 High density (at 20C) – 22.56

Platinum Pt  Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile
  High melting point – 1,768C
 High boiling point – 3,825C
 High density (at 20C) – 21.45

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Malleable charges
 Ductile  Very unreactive
Gold Au
 High melting point – 1,064C
 High boiling point – 2,856C
 High density (at 20C) – 19.3

 Good conductor of electricity  Less reactive than alkali metals

 Good conductor of heat  Form colored ions of different
 Low melting point – -38.83C charges
Mercury Hg  Low boiling point – 356.62C
 High density (at 20C) –
135445.848

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Thallium TI  Soft
 High conductivity

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Lead Pb  Soft
 High conductivity

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Bismuth Bi  Soft
 High conductivity

 Melting point - 254C  Highly radioactive

 Boiling point - 962C  Oxidation states = -2, 2, 3, 4, 6
Polonium Po
 Density – 9.4g/cm^3

 High malleability  React with oxygen

 High luster  Violently react with water
 Highly ductile  Low ionization energy
Francium Fr
 Melting point– 27C  High thermal reactivity
 Boiling point – 677C  High electrical reactivity

Radium Ra  Good conductor of electricity  Strong reducing agent

 High melting point – about  Readiness to tarnish when
 700C exposed to air
 High boiling point – about  Electronegativity – 0.9
1,100 - 1,700C
 Color – bright white
 Density at 20C – about 5
 Highly Metallic

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Actinium Ac
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Thorium Th
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Protactinium Pa
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Uranium U
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions
  Very dense  Highly electropositive
 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Neptunium Np
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Plutonium Pu
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Americium Am
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Curium Cm
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

Berkelium Bk  Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
  Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Californium Cf
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Einsteinium ES
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Fermium Fm
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Mendelevium Md
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

Nobelium No  Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
  Ductile gas
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Very dense  Highly electropositive

 Fairly soft  No stable isotopes
 Color – silvery  React with boiling water
 Malleable  Dilute acid to release hydrogen
 Ductile gas
Lawrencium Lr
 Solid at room temperature  Combine directly with most
non-metals
 Have the ability to undergo
nuclear reactions

 Melting point - 2100C  Ionization energy 1st – 579.9

(estimated) kJ*mol (estimated)
 Boiling point - 5500C  Ionization energy 2nd – 1389.4
(estimated) kJ*mol (estimated)
Rutherfordium Rf
 Density – 23g.c^3  Ionization energy 3rd – 2296.4
 Density of solid – 1700 kJ*mol (estimated)
kg.m^3 (predicted)  Oxidation States; 4,3

 Behaves solid at 20C  Highly Radioactive

Dubnium Db
Appearance is unknown/little to  Have a stable isotope
Seaborgium Sg
know about
 Solid at 20C  Atomic number – 107
Bohrium Bh
 Solid at 20C  Isotopes have relatively short
Hassium Hs lives

Physical property or appearance  Radioactive

is unknown/little to know about  Ionization energy 1st – 800.8
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 2nd – 1823.6
Meitnerium Mt
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 3rd – 1904.2
kJ*mol (estimated)

Darmstadium Ds  Density – 34.8 (predicted)  Ionization energy 1st – 955.

 Density of Solid – 27400
kg.m^3 (predicted)
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 2nd – 1891.1
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 3rd – 3029.6
kJ*mol (estimated)
  Density – 28.7 (predicted)
 Density of Solid – 24400
kg.m^3 (predicted)
Roentgenium Rg
 Ionization energy 1st – 1022.7
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 2nd – 2074.4
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 3rd – 3077.9
kJ*mol (estimated)

 Density – 23.7 (predicted)  Ionization energy 1st – 1154.9

 Density of Solid – 16800 kJ*mol (estimated)
kg.m^3 (predicted)  Ionization energy 2nd – 2170.0
Copernicium Cn kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 3rd – 3164.7
kJ*mol (estimated)

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Nihonium Nh  Soft
 High conductivity

 Melting point - 70C  Ionization energy 1st – 823.9

 Boiling point - 150C
 Density – 22 (predicted)
Flerovium Fl
 Density of Solid – 14000
kg.m^3 (predicted)
kJ*mol (estimated)
 Ionization energy 2nd – 1621.0
kJ*mol (estimated)

 High melting point  High electronegativity

 High boiling point
Moscovium Mc  Soft
 High conductivity

 Density – 12.9 (predicted)  Ionization energy 1st – 723.6

 Density of Solid – 11200 kJ*mol (estimated)
Livermorium Lv
kg.m^3 (predicted)

Sources (incomplete):

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