Chapter

Name:
Friction
Notes Compiled By
Waseem Sir
Modern BCI Shopian
Friction: Whenever a body moves or tends to move over the
surface of another body, a force comes into existence which
acts parallel to the surface of contact and opposes the relative
motion. This opposing force is called friction.

Friction Between two bodies depends upon

(i) Nature of medium of contact between two bodies, the
roughness of medium increases the friction.
(ii) Normal reaction, as normal reaction increases, the
interlocking between two surfaces in contact increases because
they press harder against each other, so friction increases.

Types of Friction
Friction is mainly of two types
1) Static friction: Frictional force existence comes into
existence when one object tends to move over the surface of
other object but the actual force has not yet started.
If we keep on increasing the applied force to create movement,
then a stage comes when the object is on the verge of moving
over the other object friction at that time is called limiting
friction So Limiting friction is maximum value of static friction.

2) Kinetic Friction - The frictional force that comes into

existence when one object is actually moving over the surface
of other object, is called Kinetic or dynamic friction.
Causes of Friction
Friction is caused by the irregularities on the surfaces in the
contact. When a body tries to move over another body, the
irregularities get interlocked causing friction.

Friction: A Necessary Evil

Friction plays, an important role in our daily life. In some cases
Friction is useful and we wish to keep it where in other cases
friction is harmful and we want to reduce it.
Where Friction is useful.
(1) We cannot walk properly without Friction.
(2) We cannot write properly without Friction.
(3) We cannot light a match stick without Friction.
(4)The brakes could not be applied to Vehicles without Friction.
(5) Without Friction, belts could not drive machines.
Where Friction Is Harmful
(1) Friction reduces the efficiency of Machines.
(2) Friction Produces heat which damages the machines.
(3) Friction wears out the rubbing surfaces.
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
(1) By polishing.
(2) By applying lubricants (oil or grease).
(3) By using soap solutions.
(4)By using powder.
(5) By streamlining.
(6) By using wheels and ball bearings.
Rolling Friction: When one body rolls over the surface of
another body, the resistance to its motion is called rolling
friction.
Rolling reduces friction. It is smaller than sliding friction. Use of
ball bearings reduces friction.
Fluid Friction: Fluids exert frictional force on objects in motion
through them.
The frictional force exerted by fluids is also called Viscous drag.