MATHEMATICS

QUARTER 3
Week 5

Capsulized Self-Learning
Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio Rosemary R. Garcia

Master Teacher I Head Teacher V
Zamboanga City High School Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
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SUBJECT &
GRADE LEVEL MATHEMATICS 9
QUARTER THIRD WEEK 5 DAY mm/dd/yyyy
Lesson 1: Proportion
TOPIC
Lesson 2: Solve Problems Involving Proportionality
The learner describes a proportion. (M9GE – IIIf – 1)
LEARNING
COMPETENCY The learner applies the fundamental theorems of proportionality to
solve problems involving proportions. (M9GE – IIIf – 2)

IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on separate
sheets.

UNDERSTAND
PROPORTION and SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING
PROPORTIONALITY

A LESSON 1: PROPORTION

Definition
Proportion states that two ratios are equal.

The graph below shows ratios or rates that are proportional. Let us verify the
accuracy of proportions by checking the equality of ratios or rates.

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
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Checking the equality of ratios or

Proportional Quantities
rates in the cited proportion

Solution 1: Simplifying Ratios

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
50 100 50 2(50) 50 50

Solution 2: Simplifying Cross

Multiplied Factors
𝟏 𝟐
1 (100) 2 (50)
50 100

1 (2)(50) 2 (50)
1 : 50 pesos = 2 : 100 pesos
Solution 3: Cross Products
𝟏 𝟐
1 (100) 2 (50)
50 100

100 100
Solution 4: Products of Means and
Extremes

1 : 50 pesos = 2 : 100 pesos

100

100

The solutions in the table show that corresponding quantity is proportional. The
ratio is equal; therefore, it forms a proportion.

FUNDAMENTAL RULE OF PROPORTION AND ITS PROPERTIES

FUNDAMENTAL RULE OF PROPORTION

𝑤 𝑦
If 𝑤: 𝑥 = 𝑦: 𝑧, then = provided that 𝑥 ≠ 0: 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑥 𝑧

Note: The properties that follow show several ways of rewriting proportions that do not
alter the meaning of their values.
PROPERTIES OF PROPORTION
𝑤 𝑦
Cross – multiplication Property If 𝑥 = 𝑧 , then 𝑤𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑤 𝑦 𝑤 𝑥
Alternation Property If = 𝑧 , then = 𝑧 ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑥 𝑦
𝑤 𝑦 𝑥 𝑧
Inverse Property If = 𝑧 , then 𝑤 = 𝑦 ; 𝑤 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑥

𝑤 𝑦 𝑤+𝑥 𝑦+𝑧
Addition Property If = 𝑧 , then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑧
𝑤 𝑦 𝑤−𝑥 𝑦−𝑧
Subtraction Property If 𝑥
= 𝑧 , then 𝑥
= 𝑧
; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑢 𝑤 𝑦 𝑢 𝑤 𝑦 𝑢+𝑤+𝑦
If 𝑣 = 𝑥 = 𝑧 , then 𝑣 = 𝑥 = 𝑧 = 𝑣+𝑥+𝑧 = 𝑘
Sum Inverse Property where 𝑘 is the constant at proportionality and
𝑣 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
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USING CROSS
ORIGINAL
MULTIPLICATION TO FIND
PROPERTY OF PROPORTION
OUT IF RATIOS ARE EQUAL
PROPORTION 𝒚 𝒂
= 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟑𝒂
𝟑 𝟒
𝑦 3
Alternation Property = 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
𝑎 4
3 4
Inverse Property = 3𝑎 = 4𝑦 → 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
𝑦 𝑎
4(𝑦 + 3) = 3(𝑎 + 4)
𝑦+3 𝑎+4
Addition Property = 4𝑦 + 12 = 3𝑎 + 12
3 4 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
4(𝑦 − 3) = 3(𝑎 − 4)
𝑦−3 𝑎−4
Subtraction Property = 4𝑦 − 12 = 3𝑎 − 12
3 4 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
𝑦 𝑦+𝑎
For 3 = 7
7𝑦 = 3(𝑦 + 𝑎)
7𝑦 = 3𝑦 + 3𝑎
4𝑦 = 3𝑎
Sum Property of the 𝑦 𝑎 𝑦+𝑎
= = 𝑎 𝑦+𝑎
Original Proportion 3 4 7 For =
4 7
7𝑎 = 4(𝑦 + 𝑎)
7𝑎 = 4𝑦 + 4𝑎
3𝑎 = 4𝑦
4𝑦 = 3𝑎

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1.
Determine if the ratios 1:4 and 5:20 are proportional.
ILLUSTRATIONS STEPS
Given ratios
1:4 and 5:20
1 5 Apply the Fundamental Rule of
= Proportion
4 20
Apply the Cross – Multiplication
(1)(20) = (4)(5)
Property
20 = 20 Simplify the equation
Therefore, 1:4 and 5:20 are proportional.

PROPORTIONAL SEGMENTS
Proportional Segments are corresponding segments whose ratios
are equal.

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.

Given two line segments ̅̅̅̅

𝑹𝑻 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑄 below,

ILLUSTRATIONS STEPS
𝐑𝐒 3
= Write the ratio of segment RT.
𝐒𝐓 5
𝐌𝐏 6
= Write the ratio of segment MQ.
𝐏𝐐 10
3 6
= Form the proportion of the segments
5 10 RT and MQ. Apply the Fundamental
(3)(10) = (5)(6)
Rule of Proportion.
30 = 30
𝐑𝐒 𝐌𝐏 Apply the definition of Proportional
=
𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐐 Segments- are corresponding
segments whose ratios are equal.
𝐑𝐒 𝐌𝐏
Therefore, 𝐒𝐓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐏𝐐 are proportional segments. Segments RT and MQ are
divided proportionally.

BASIC PROPORTIONALLY THEOREM

If a line is parallel to a side of a triangle which intersects the other
sides into two distinct points, then the line divides those sides in proportion.

PROPORTION IN TRIANGLES
If the measures of the corresponding sides of two triangles are
proportional then the triangles are similar. Likewise, if the measures of two
sides in one triangle are proportion to the corresponding sides in another
triangle and the including angles are congruent then the triangles are similar.

B E

𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
= =
𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑭 𝑫𝑭
A C
D F

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
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PROPORTION IN TRIANGLES
If a line is drawn in a triangle so that it is parallel to one of the sides and
it intersects the other two sides then the segments are of proportional lengths.

𝑨𝑫 𝑪𝑬
=
𝑫𝑩 𝑩𝑬
D E

A C

PROPORTION IN TRIANGLES
Parts of two triangles can be proportional; If two triangles are known to
be similar then the perimeters are proportional to the measures of
corresponding sides. If two triangles are known to be similar then the
measures of the corresponding altitudes are proportional to the corresponding
sides.

The bisector of an angle in a triangle separates the opposite sides into two
segments that have the same ratio as the other two sides.
B

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑩
=
𝑫𝑪 𝑩𝑪

A D C

B LESSON 2: SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING PROPORTION

Steps in Solving Problems Involving Proportionality

1. Read and understand the given problem.

2. Form the proportion of the given ratios.
3. Apply the appropriate properties of proportion.
4. Find the missing term/s and simplify.
5. Check the answer with the original proportion.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Find the missing term x in the given proportion 3 : x = 15 : 20.
ILLUSTRATIONS STEPS
3 : x = 15 : 20 Write the given proportion
3 15 Apply the Fundamental Rule of
= Proportion
𝑥 20

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
 6

(3)(20) = (15)(x)
Apply the Cross – Multiplication Property
60 = 15x
and simplify both sides of the equation
15x = 60
15𝑥 60
= Simplify the equation and solve for x.
15 15
x=4
3:x = 15:20
3:4 = 15:20
3 15 Check the answer by substituting the
= values of x with the original proportion.
4 20
60 = 60

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2
If 2 slices of egg pie cost ₱25, how many slices of egg pie can you buy for ₱75?
ILLUSTRATIONS STEPS
Let 𝒙 be the number of slices of egg pie.
Write the given proportion
2:25 = x:75
2 𝑥 Apply the Fundamental Rule of
=
25 75 Proportion

(2)(75) = (25)(x) Apply the Cross – Multiplication Property

150 = 25x and simplify both sides of the equation
25x = 150
25𝑥 150
= Simplify and solve for x.
25 25
x=6
2:25 = x:75
2:25 = 6:75
2 6 Check the answer by substituting the
= values of x with the original proportion.
25 75
150 = 150
Therefore, the 6 slices of egg pie can be bought for ₱75.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3
If 𝑒 and 𝑏 represent two non-zero numbers, find the ration 𝑒: 𝑏 if 2𝑒 2 + 𝑒𝑏 − 3𝑏2 = 0.

SOLUTION:
2𝑒 2 + 𝑒𝑏 − 3𝑏2 = 0
(2𝑒 + 3𝑏)(𝑒 − 𝑏) = 0
2𝑒 + 3𝑏 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑒 − 𝑏 = 0

2𝑒 = −3𝑏 𝑒=𝑏

2𝑒 3𝑏 𝑒 𝑏
=− =
2𝑏 2𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑒 3 𝑒 1
=− =
𝑏 2 𝑏 1

Hence, 𝑒: 𝑏 = −3: 2 or 1: 1

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
 7

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4
The organizer of a Boy Scout Jamboree bought 468 meters of rope to be used in the
camping. This rope is divided into 3 parts in the ratio 2: 3: 4. How long is each part?

SOLUTION:
Let 𝑟 be the size of each segment of the rope and 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 be the parts of the
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
rope that is needed for the camping such that 𝑥: 𝑦: 𝑧 = 2: 3: 4. So, 2 = 3 = 4 = 𝑟 which
result to
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
=𝑟 =𝑟 =𝑟
2 3 4
𝒙 = 𝟐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒓 𝒛 = 𝟒𝒓

Since the sum of the length of the rope is 468 meters, we have,
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 468
2𝑟 + 3𝑟 + 4𝑟 = 468
9𝑟 468
=
9 9
𝒓 = 𝟓𝟐
If each segment of the rope is equivalent to 52 meters, then,
𝑥 = 2𝑟 = 2(52) = 104 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑦 = 3𝑟 = 3(52) = 156 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑧 = 4𝑟 = 4(52) = 208 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

SAQ 1: What is Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT)?

SAQ 2: What are the conditions for two triangles to be proportional?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answers on separate sheets.)

ACTIVITY
TERM 1
Directions: Solve the following problems.

1. If 𝑚: 𝑛 = 4: 3, find 3𝑚 − 2𝑛: 3𝑚 + 𝑛

𝑞 𝑟 𝑠 5𝑞−6𝑟−7𝑠
2. If = = = = 𝑘 . Find 𝑥.
2 3 4 𝑥

ACTIVITY
TERM 2
Directions: Find the value of the indicated sides.
36
B 𝒙 D Find:
𝒚 1. 𝐴𝐶
2. 𝐵𝐷
28 C 3. 𝐷𝐶
27 4. 𝐷𝐸
A 18 E

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
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REMEMBER
Key Points
⚫ Proportion states that two rations are equal.
⚫ If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects the other two sides, then it
divides those sides proportionally.
⚫ Similar triangles always have their corresponding sides in proportion.
⚫ Similar triangles always have their corresponding angles equal.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!

General Directions: Study the following assessments carefully and write your answers
on separate sheets.

Assessment 1.
Directions: Apply the Fundamental Rule of Proportion to determine if the ratios are
proportional or not. Write LOVE if proportional and RESPECT if not proportional in the
third column.

Fundamental Rule of
Ratios LOVE or RESPECT
Proportion
A. 3 : 5 and 9 : 15
B. 6 : 8 and 4 : 5
C. 6 : 7 and 18 : 21
D. 6 : 10 and 9 : 15
E. 4 : x and 12 : 3x

Assessment 2.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write on the space provided
before the number.

1. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, if ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐷 = 3.2, 𝐷𝐵 = 1.6, 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑥, and

𝐷𝐸||𝐵𝐶 A
𝐸𝐶 = 2.1, what is the value of 𝑥?
a. 4.2 c. 1.6
D E
b. 3.2 d. 4.8

𝐴𝐸 2 B C
2. In the given figure, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ . If
𝐷𝐸||𝐵𝐶 = and 𝐴𝐵 = 15 cm,
𝐴𝐶 5
find 𝐴𝐷.
a. 6 cm c. 4 cm
b. 5 cm d. 7cm

̅̅̅̅ ||𝐷𝐸
3. In the given figure, 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ||𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ . Which of the A
following is true? F
a. 𝐷𝐶 2 = 𝐶𝐹 ∙ 𝐴𝐶 c. 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐷𝐶 ∙ 𝐶𝐹
D E
b. 𝐶𝐹 2 = 𝐷𝐶 ∙ 𝐶𝐹 d. None of these
B C

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
 9

4. In the given figure, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅

𝐿𝑀 ||𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅. Which of the
𝐿𝑁||𝐶𝐷 B
following is true?
𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝑁 M
a. = c. = L
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐷 A C
𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑁
b. = d. ≠ N
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
D

̅̅̅̅ ||𝑂𝑄
5. In the given figure, 𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅ ||𝑂𝑅
̅̅̅̅. Which of the P
following is true?
1 c. 𝐸𝐹 ≠ 𝑄𝑅 D
a. 𝐸𝐹 = 2 𝑄𝑅
E F
b. 𝐸𝐹 = 𝑄𝑅 d. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 ||𝑄𝑅
O
Q R

Assessment 3.
Directions: Solve the problem completely. Show your solution.

1. A map is scaled in such a way that 4 centimeters represents 7 kilometers of the

actual distance. If two towns on the map are 11 centimeters apart, what is the actual
distance between the two towns?

2. If the photographic negative 24mm wide and 35mm long is enlarged to make a
picture 28cm long, how wide will the picture be?

3. A wholesaler in Divisoria bought 840 meters of curtain material which will be divided
into 3 bundles in the ratio 2:5:7. What is the difference between the longest piece
and the shortest piece in length?

Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, pp. 358-361.

“Basic Proportionality Theorem,” CBSE Tuts, Accessed September 9,

2020, https://www.cbsetuts.com/ncert-class-10-maths-lab-manual-
REFERENCE/S
basic-proportionality-theorem-triangle/.

“Triangles,” Math Planet, Accessed September 9, 2020,

https://www.mathplanet.com/education/geometry/similarity/triangles.
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Zamboanga City Division.
LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TEAM
MA. DOLORES J. GREGORIO
Zamboanga City High School
WRITER
ROSEMARY B. GARCIA
Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
LAYOUT ARTIST Abdurauf J. Baldomero

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
 10

Mujim U. Abdurahim Mary Rose A. Castillo

LEARNING TEAM /
Ma. Pilar C. Ahadi Shirly V. Gajilomo
EVALUATORS
Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio Sandra D. Ortega
MANAGEMENT AND Dr. Roy C. Tuballa, CESO VI Dr. Norma T. Francisco, CESE
SPECIALIST Dr. Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI Dr. Vilma A. Brown

“No hay cosa imposible. Cree, junto junto puede!”

Lesson 1: Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio, Master Teacher I, Zamboanga City High School
Lesson 2: Rosemary B. Garcia, Head Teacher V, Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School