A.

INTRODUCTION
 The graph  Provides  The number of … in  In the period from …
 The chart information about  The amount of … … to …
 The bar chart  Reveals  How ….. fluctuated/ varied  In the period between
given/  Illustrates  How much … was… … and …
provided/  Demonstrates  How many … were ..  Over a ten year period.
supplied  Compares … in  The changes in…
terms of …  How popular sth was/were
 The Data on
 The figures for …
 The proportion/ percentage of

Các cách mở bài nâng cao:

 A glance at the graph provided reveals (a number of clear differences between…)
 Given is the graph showing / concerning …
 The graph given shows N that ….
Lưu ý:
1. Nhớ paraphrase đề
2. Không ghi lại chữ “below” từ đề bài
Example :

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OVERVIEW
Tìm 1-2 đặc điểm chung của biểu đồ.
Với dạng Line Graph (có xu hướng), bạn có thể viết overview với 2 ý sau:
• Đặc điểm về xu hướng: xu hướng của các đường từ đầu năm đến cuối năm là gì? Tăng hay giảm? Dao động
liên tục hay giữ nguyên?
• Đặc điểm về độ lớn: tìm xem đường nào nằm cao nhất, thấp nhất trong toàn bộ giai đoạn hoặc phần lớn giai
đoạn. Nếu không thể xác định được thì tìm đường nào có thay đổi lớn nhất
Cấu trúc:
Mở đầu bằng một trong các mệnh đề sau:
(1) Overall/ In general/ At the first glance, it is clear that …
(2) liệt kê các đường có xu hướng tăng (bằng cách sử dụng các cách nói về xu hướng) while the opposite was
true for (liệt kê các đường có xu hướng giảm).
(3) Besides/ also/ in addition/ additionally, …
(4) the figure for (đường thấp nhất/ cao nhất) was lowest/ highest among the (số đường) kinds over (most of)
the period shown
Ví dụ:

Overall, It is clear that while the yearly spending on mobile phones increased significantly, the opposite was
true for national landline phone expenditure. Also, the figure for international fixed-line service was lowest
among three kinds over the period shown.

Hãy tham khảo 1 số cách viết khác:

Overall, it is clear/ evident that …
- There were more … than …. In the period.
- S attracted/ received more … than the other + Npl
- More … than … were V3 in the given period
- The number of/ the amount of N which were/ was V3 increased while the number/ amount of N decreased
throughout the period.
- The number/ amount of … increased/ decreased despite several fluctuations during the period
- Overall, the birth rates of both nations decreased over the period of 80 years.
- Although the two trends were similar in terms of a general decline, the birth rate of the USA in most years
was higher than that of China.

BÀI TẬP: hãy viết introduction và overview cho các đề sau:

Bài 1:

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Bài 2

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Bài 3:

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