Ports and Maritime Organization

Seafarers’ Examination and Certification Directorate

Exams Code : EONS –
Subject : Electronic Navigational Systems Date:
Rank : Electro-Technical Officer (ETO) Time allowed: ٢.٥ Hrs
(Pass mark : ٥٥)
Q.١) - a) - Briefly explain why a marine type Doppler speed log operating on ٢ MHz frequency
cannot be utilized for bottom lock operation. (٨M)
b) - A vessel is fitted with a Doppler Navigator which operates at a frequency of ٢٠٠ KHz and
transmits a pair of beams fore and aft, and a second pair port and starboard. Each beam is
inclined at ٦٠ degrees to horizontal. When steering ٢٣٥ degrees True the frequencies received
by the fore and aft transducers were ٢٠١.٦ KHz and ١٩٨.٦ KHz respectively, whilst those
received from port and starboard transducers were ٢٠٠.٣ KHz and ١٩٩.٧ KHz respectively.
Find the course and speed over the ground assuming bottom lock operation.
Take C as ١٥٠٠ m/s. (١٢M)

Q.٢) - An autopilot uses a three-term controller as part of the closed loop control system:
a) - Name each term and its corresponding autopilot control. (٤M)
b) - Describe, with the aid of a block diagram, how these terms are derived and applied. (١٠M)
c) - Explain how each term affects the performance of the autopilot. (٦M)

Q.٣) - a) - By referring to NAVTEX coding standard, it can be seen that all ٧-bit codes possess four
logic "١" and three logic "٠". Explain the reason for using this coding in NAVTEX system? (٨M)
.

b) - With regard to NAVTEX system explain in brief the four character code header B١B٢B٣B٤
transmitted at the beginning of a NAVTEX message? (٧M)
c) - What is the frequency and class of emission used in NAVTEX system? (٥M)

Q.٤) - With regard to AIS (Automatic Identification System), answer the following questions:
a) - What is SOTDMA?
(١٠M)
b) - What are the external interfaces to AIS? (٥M)
c) - Can AIS replace radar in an ocean going vessel? Give reason(s).
(٥M)

Q.٥) - a) - Name and briefly explain the errors which cannot be eliminated by DGPS system.
(١٠M)
b) - Describe five factors which should be considered when mounting a GPS antenna on
board an ocean going vessel. (٥M)
c) - What are the additional units and parts of a DGPS receiver with respect to a normal
GPS receiver? (٥M)

Q.٦) -a) - Explain clearly the reason for utilizing a USB memory stick in a VDR set. (٤M)
b) - Describe briefly two methods for taking back up from main capsule memory during emergencies.
(٨M)
c) - State the minimum capacity of the main capsule memory of VDR as per IMO and IEC
specification. (٨M)