ORALCOM NOTES

COMMUNICATION
- Process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another.

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
ENOCODING
MESSAGE
DECODING
FEEDBACK
THE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL/NON-VERBAL

 SPEAKER – the source of information or message

 MESSAGE – the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in
actions.
 ENCODING - the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms
that the speaker understands.
 CHANNEL – the medium and the means.
 DECODING – the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the
receiver.
 RECEIVER – the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.
 FEEDBACK - the reactions, response, or information provided by the receiver.
 CONTEXT – the environment where communication takes place.
 BARRIER – the factors that affect the flow of communication.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

 SHANNON- WEAVER MODEL - Mother of all communication models.

 INTERACTIVE MODEL - Exchange of roles in communication.
 THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL - Two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element.

3 PARTICULAR LAYERS OF COMMUNICATION PROBLEM

 Technical: How accurately can the message be transmitted?

 Semantic: How precisely can the meaning be conveyed?
 Efficacy-related: How effectively does the received meaning affect behavior?

TYPE OF NOISE

 Environmental Noise - physically disrupts communication.

 Physiological-Impairment Noise - Physical conditions that can impede effective
communication and interfere with messages being clearly and accurately received.
 Semantic Noise - refers to when a speaker and a listener have different interpretations of
the meanings of certain words.
ORALCOM NOTES

 Syntactical Noise - Communication can be disrupted by mistakes in grammar, such as an

abrupt change in verb tense during a sentence.
 Organizational Noise - poorly structured messages can also be a barrier.
 Cultural Noise - making stereotypical assumptions.
 Psychological Noise - certain attitudes can also make communication difficult.

FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATIONS

 CONTROL – communication function to control behavior

 SOCIAL INTERACTION – communication allows individuals to interact with others
 MOTIVATION – communication motivates or encourage people to live better.
 DEMOTIONAL EXPRESSION – communication facilitates peoples expression of their feelings
and emotions.
 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION – used when the speaker wants to make others aware of
certain data, concepts, and other processes.

FEUTURES OF SOMMUNICATION

 COMPLETENESS – who, when, why, what, where

 CONCISENESS – straight to the point.
 CONSIDERATION - Give consideration on relevant information
 CONCRETENESS - The message should be concrete and supported by facts, figures, and real
life
 COURTESY - Respect the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her receivers
 CLEARNESS - use of simple and specific words to express ideas
 CORRECTNESS - eliminates negative impact on the audience

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 Example : smile, stare, style, attire, and attitude

DIFFERENT NON-VERBAL

 KINESIS – body movement

 PROXEMICS – closeness/personal space
 POSTURE – body posture
 EYE CONTACT – make a contact with your eyes in a short/long period
 YOUCH/HAPTICS – physical touch
 PARALANGUAGE – tone of voice
 FINANCIAL EXPRESSION – face expression when you are emotional
 PHYSIOLOGY – deliberately control