Professional Documents
Culture Documents
8
g]kfnefiff
RjoftO dv' . rfof 5fk b'gn
] fsf tf8kqoft y"tn
' f 5u" k|sf/of ljif vM . yy] OnftMu' Ej+oft xl/tflnsf
tO . g+ wfo\u' ofM . yHofMu' Ej+to\ u|Gy afx]s u'u'+
sfnlanof, Aofun+ Rj+uo' f Ej+ g+ RjoftMu' b' u'sL
tf8kqof ;'/Iff, tfkqmd sd h'Ou' yf;o\
5u" x] sy+of Aoxf]/f lgyfo\ jf :jyfo\ jf UjDx gfk
h'Ou'ln+ g]kfno\ lnR5lasfnlg;]+ 5\onftMu' tf8kqt
sfnlan h'Ou' vM pln x] yf;o\ Rjof by'O by'O
;'/lIft h'ofRj+u' b' . Ej+of k|of]u dh"lgano\
:jf+ˆjM a'§f RjoftO . :jf+ˆjM RjoftMyfo\ nfSs
tf8kqoft lnvt kq j u|Gy Rjo\t oSj 5\onftMu'
afs" ofgfM sfnlan ofMlk ;sl;t+ 5s" 5s" OgflaO .
b' . oSjy]+ td;'s 5],F a'F Soa, Gofo\÷ldo\, Aofun+
lnkf 5'+ h'ofM srdr h'nwfM;f j x] Ej+ HjMnfsf
to\÷Rjg], bfg ofo\u' as; sfo\÷lao\, a/M to\÷sfo\,
:jo\u' rng b' . yHofMu' Ej+oft afs'kf} wfO . g]kfn
Tof;f sfo\÷lao\ cflbof lglt+ sfg"gL bl;sy+ tf8kq
;+jt\ ^(! lxtf]kb]z Ej+to\ RjoftMu' u|Gy clen]v
y"tn' ftMu' cfzf ;k"ms'yL hs !@)) u" lt b' . cy]
vM . Ej+of cfljisf/ h';+l] n tf8kqof 5\onf Dxf]
x] cfzf ;k"ms'yL b'u' bsno\ k'nf+u' u|Gy g]=;+= #))
h'ofjg . co\;f+ lnkfts td;'s Rjo\t, tf8kq
of tf8kqo\ RjoftMu' k+r/Iff;"q vM . tf8kq
u|Gy Rjo\t Ej+ 5\on]u' oft, t/ lnkf jgfM yf}+ts+ Ej+
lnR5ljsfno\ erferf 5\onftMu' b';f dNnsfnof
x] 5\on]u' ofgfRjg . lnR5ljsfn lnkf g]=;+= !)#
oSj k|of]u oft . lnkf zfxsfno\ Ej+ofu' k|of]uo\
lg;]+ tf8kq 5\onftMu' b' . g]=;+= %)) – &)) ts
j;]+ln tf8kqo\ 5\onfa'nf dbofjg .
clwdfqf tf8kq 5\onftMu' b';f Ej+ g]kfn ;+jt\
^_ sfkM M– /]zdL j ;'lt sfkMoft g+ dg"to\;+ !)) lg;]+ erf erf ofgfM 5\onf g]=;+= &)) lg;]+
n]VoHjn+of ?ko\ 5\onftMu' b' . dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s oSj 5\onfo+sn, cn] tf8kqof 5\onf sd h'h'+
ljj/0f Rjo\t Yj j:t'of cKjMy]+ 5\onftMu' vg]b' . jg .
kf}efM k'mSs sfkto\ RjOu' snf j clen]v vM .
*_ gLnkq M– dM EjFto\ uf9f jFr' /Ë kfgfM u|Gy
&_ Ej+ M– yf}+sGxo\ ;+;f/e/ n]VoHjn+ 5\onftMu' Rjo\t bo\sftMu' Ej+oft gLnkq wfO . psL n'r F '+ jf
Yj x] Ej+ vM . Yj Ej+ yLyL cfsf/ofu' yLyL u'0fofu' jxMr'+of dl; bo\sf /~hgflnlk+ af}4 jf lxGb' wfld{s
+ Gxo\ GXofyfo\ g+ pknAw b' . Yj Ej+ jg:kltof
Ej+ yf}s u|Gy RjOu' vM . y'sL Gxfkf+u' kltO u|Gygfk ;DjlGwt
gfo'u' dl;gf] /]zf+ bo\sftMu' nYofo\Ho"u' ;fn'u' BMof lrq g+ RjoftO . gLnkqo\ RjoftMu' u|Gy
n]Voj:t' x] Ej+ vM . Yj ljb]zL Ej+of cfljisf/ cfzf;k"ms'lyO ^) u" lt b' . cy] x] d]u' clen]vfno\
!)% O{= rLgo\ h"u' vM . g+ ;+ux| h'ofRj+u' b' .
t/ g]kfno\ 5\onLu' g]kfnL Ej+ cnu sy+of (_ xfs' ;k"m M– Yj 5u" 5'+ RjofM dtMu' xfs'u' pF
b' . yg Ej+of k|of]u oSj k'nf+u' g+ b' . 5u" cg';Gwfgo\ kfgftMu' Ej+ vM . Yj g+ slrEj+oft dM tofM lgaM
g]kfn ;Djt\ z'? lg;]+ x] Ej+to\ RjoftMu' clen]v :jaM Kok'+sf Vjft'sf Yof;k"m y]+ nYofo\ hLs bo\sf
vg]b' . tf8kqof gfkgfk+ Ej+ g+ 5\onftMu' b' . Ej+of tO . y'sL 5'+ vF NjMdlg wsfM ;nfg+ Rjo\u' ofO .
5\onf tf8kq :jof+ cMk'ul' n+ lj:tf/+ tf8kq tgfjg Djfnls x'of5\jO . Yj cKjMofgf u'lyO k|of]u ofO .
cn] Ej+oft hs 5\on]u' h'ofjg . g]kfno\ bo\sLu'
!)_ ef]hkq -e'h{ l;dfVjnf_ M– ef]hj[If -e'hj{ I[ f_
Ej+oft slrEj+ wsfM wfO . clen]vfno\ ;'/lIft
VjfpFyfo\ lj]z]ifofgf lxdfnL k|b]z h'Dnfo\ bOu'
u|Gy clen]v oSjy]+ Yj x] slrEj+to\ Rjof tMu' b' .
l;df vM . Yjx] l;dfof Vjnf+ ef]hkq bo\sL . Yj
g]kfnL slrEj+oft dM tofM KoaM GofaM Kok'+sf u+s]
l;dfof Vjnf VjfQ';] aNnfMu' h'of Rjo\t Hofnuo\
w'+sfM lkr';] Rj+su] ' lglt+ Nxfsfto\u' ofO . u|Gyoft
h'n . ef]hj[Ifof Vjnfoft aNnfs]t lrs+kfgfM u+sfM
lsn+ dgs]t jf u|Gyof cfo' tfxfsM ofo\t lgv]/+ jf
z+v+ 3f]6] ofgfM r'Nn';] Rj+sL . Yj ef]hkq ;fn';]
5v]/+ hs x/tfn On]u' ofO . x/tfn wofu' Dxf;'u'
Rjgf Ps uh hs tfMxfs h'O . Yj kqo\ u|Gy
9
g]kfnefiff
Rjo\u' ofO . ljqmd ;Djt\ rf}yf}+ ztfAbL tfsfofu' kfsf] dl; bo\sL . Yj dl; nM nfM;f+ :ogLdv' . j
cfud;"q j k~r/Iffof u|Gy RjoftMu' erf erf x] nfxfno\ /Ë tofM /+uLg dl; bo\sL . gLnkqo\
b' . ef]hkq tf8kqy]+ aNnf dh", xfg+ Yj a:t' lrs'yfo\ Rjo\t n'F jxMof dl; bo\sL . n'F jxMoft u'bF o\ 3f]6o] fgf
ofsg+ gfz h'ofjgL, cy]ho' f Yj j:t'O RjoftMu' bo\sL . n'd
F l; bo\st] lx+un
' 3f]no] fgf bo\sL . Dxf;'u'
clen]v g]kfno\ oSj db' . d;L bo\st] xl/tfn 3f]6o] fgfM bo\sL .
!!_ n]VoHjn+ -Tools_ snd+ Rjo\t k+ofu' snd bo\sfM d;L y'gf
5'+ g+ vF Rjo\t bsno\ Gxfkf+ ljifo bo\dfn . RjO . Yj snd k+, lguf]nf], g cflbofu' bo\sL . cy]
j x] ljifo Rjofto\t Rjo\u' j:t' dfn . Rjo\u' x] b'D;Lof kk' -KjfFv_ g+ snd bo\sL .
j:t'oft n]VoHjn+ wfO . j x] n]VoHjn+ j:t'O Rjo\t sfkf -/];fkf6L_ wofu' Rjo\u' j:t'O cfvM
5\ o nLu' pks/0foft n] v g ;fdu| L wfO . Rjo\t tKo+s ;dfg h'Os WjM ;fn]t 5\onL . l;+ofu'
k|frLgsfn+lg;]+ cfMts dg"to\;+ clen]v Rjo\t yLyL kmn]s -syL_ py]+ h'Os lvkM KogftO . lvkMof BMg]
Ono\ yLyL j:t' cn] j:t'oft NjMu' dfMu' ljleGg Ej+ tofM Ej+to\ BMg] 3f]6] ofgf YjM ;Lbo\ls cn] j
pks/0f 5\onftMu' b' . 5'+ g+ RjofM NogfRj+u' j:t'oft x] Wjno\ tKos+ cfvM RjO . cfvM tKo+s Rjo\u'
clen]v wfO . ljz]ifofgfM lgu" sy+of 5fMu' j gfo'u' l;+ofu' afnf+ bo\sftMu' ?n -;nfsf_ g+ k|of]u ofo\u'
j:t'O RjoftMu' bO . uy]ls u'kmf lrq, lznfkq, rng b' .
;'j0f{kq, tfd|kq, e'hk{ q, sfkM, Ej+ cflb . O{of clen]v Rjo\u' k|ljlw, Rjo\u' j:t' :jofM km/s
Xo"kf gfkgfk+ syx+ Njx+to\, wft'O l;dfxno\ Rjo\u' km/s h'O . Rjo\u' j:t' lgu" sy+of b' . 5fMu' j:t' j
ofgfM xx+ jg:kltkfv]+ tof/ ofOu' EjFto\ Rjo\u' Soft'u' j:t' . 5fMu' j:t' uy]ls Njx+, wft', l;+, rf
oft . yf}+ cfw'lgs k|ljlw 5\onf tof/ ofOu' EjFto\ cflbO yHofu' j:t'O cfvM Rjo\ano\ lsof jf Wjfgf
Rjo\u' h'n . lj1fg j k|ljlwof ljsf;+ ofgfM sDKo"6/ Rjo\u' ofO . Njxto\ RjOano\ Gxfkf+ Rjld+ Njx+to\
6fOkofgfM lk|G6 lksfo\u' k|rng cKjM h'ofjofRj+u' dl;+ cfvM RjO cn] psL BMg] lnlksf/+ Njx+to\ sLu'
b' . stf+g+ lsofM clen]v RjO . u'u'+ clen]vo\ cfvM
k|frLgsfno\ wft'O j Njx+y+] hfMu', 5fMu' j:t'O lsofM dl; hfo\sL, u'u'+ clen]v cfvM yxf+ jo\s
clen]v Rjo\t 5\onLu' pks/0f wofu' sLu' HofeM Wjfgf bo\sL . yy] Rjo\t Gxfkf+ ?n+ jf sfkf g+ WjM
-l5gf]_ xtf}8f -d'uM_ dl;, lvkM, v/L, znfsf -?n/_ ;fnL .
cflb . cy] x] gfo'u' j:t' tf8kq, Ej+, sfkM, cflbno\ Soft'u' j:t'O RjOu' clen]v Gxfkf+ Ej+ bo\sL
Rjo\ t dfMu' Hjn+ wofu' snd, d;L, sfkf jf tf8kq tof/ ofO . Ej+to\ h'of sfkfg+ jf ?n+
-/]vfkl6_, ?n -;nfsf_ sLu' dl;gf] 5nL cflb vM . WjM bo\sL . cn]ltlg k+ofu' sly+ dl; y'gf cfvM
x:tlnlvt u|Gy Rjo\t cano\ voM -vo\/_ RjO . :j0f{ dl; t'ou' ' jxM dl;+ tf8kqo\ Gxfkf WjM
ofMu' xM bfo\sfM dl; bo\sL . Yj ;fwf/0f k|of]u ;fnL . cg+ dl;+ k+ofu' jf b'D;Lofu' kf+, GXofu'ln+;f+
ofo\t hs 5\onL . af+nfMu' le+u' Ej+to\ Rjo\t kfsf] cfvM RjO . tf8kqo\ cfvM stf+g+ lsofM psL dl;+
dl; bo\sL . Yj kfsf] dl; bo\st] dl; nfxfno\ hfo\sf g+ Rjo\u' rng b' .
:jfu tof bfo\sf plsof ltO -emf]no\_ chM tof w u x