Our Lady of Fatima University Valenzuela Campus

College of Nursing

Name : Juan Miguel M. Salvador Course/Year/Sec: BSN 1-Y1-11

Date : September 24, 2023 Teacher: Albert Gironella

EXERCISE NO. 2
CELLULAR STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

GIO: To learn the different parts of the cell and its functions
SIO:

1. Draw and label the important parts of a hypothetical cell.

Chromatin Nuclear Envelop

Nucleolus Nucleus

Plasma
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytosol

Mitochondrion

Lysosome

2. Enumerate the 2 major classes of cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells are the two main kinds of cells. The smallest hand most basic cell is the
prokaryotic cell. They are single-celled creatures without membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus,
mitochondria, etc. Bacteria are the prokaryotic cell-containing creatures. For eukaryotic cells, their lack
of an internal membrane became a point of differentiation. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells are more
bigger and more complicated due to their extensive diversity and differentiation. They have a single cell
and membrane-bound structures. A plasma membrane encloses the nucleus and other vital organelles
in these cells. The creation of ATP and protein synthesis are two examples of the diverse tasks carried
out by the organelles in eukaryotic cells.

3. Discuss the structure of the cell membrane and Enumerate its functions.

The cytoplasm is enclosed by the cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, which separates
the cell from external substances. The cell membrane, which contains a double phospholipid layer and
embedded proteins, protects the cell. It also has channels that act as points of entry and departure for
substances and materials. In addition to serving as the cell's boundary, they serve as sites of entrance
for substances from outside the cell and maintain order thanks to their semi-permeable property, which
only permits specific materials to pass through. It also facilitates communication between cells by
sending signals to them.
4. Classify the formed elements of the cytoplasm and give their functions

Organelles- They are cellular structures that float in the cytosol and carry out specific tasks inside the
cell. Its primary objective is to maintain and stabilize the cell's homeostasis.

Cytosol- Organelles and other components of the cell float in the liquid portion of the cytoplasm. It
transports metabolites to various cell regions where it is involved in signal transduction.

Inclusions- The secretory, nutritive, and pigment granules are three inclusions that are found in the cell
and are substances that momentarily float around the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions, which are
what inclusions do, are storing those three.

5. Discuss the nucleus and explain its immense functions

The nucleus is an organelle that is contained by the nuclear envelope and is located close to the cell's
center. Nucleoli and DNA, the cell's genetic material, are both found in the nucleus. It is the location of
RNA synthesis, and it also regulates the production of proteins and enzymes, as well as cell growth and
division. Additionally, it controls how mRNA is translated into proteins.