F@ruk English Academy

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English Grammar Note
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Narration
He said to me, “The sun rises in the east”.
Reporting verb Reported speech

The man said to me, “ I did the work yesterday”.

He says to me. “ I will go to Dhaka tomorrow”.
= He says to me that he will to to Dhaka tomorrow.
Note- 1: Reporting verb present ev future tense n‡j reported speech G ïaygvÎ person Gi cwieZ©b nq|
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqbv|
Note -2: Reported speech ‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi mZ¨Zv †evSv‡j Zvn‡jI Reported speech Gi †Kv‡bv
cwieZ©b nqbv|
Note-3: Reporting verb past tense n‡j mvaviYZ reported speech Gi cwieZ©b nq|
 Narration G cvuPwU wRwbm cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq|
i. Reporting verb
ii. Inverted comma
iii. Person
iv. Tense
v. ‰bKU¨evPK kã
 Person cwieZ©b
1st person --- subject Abyhvqx (I, we)
2nd person --- object Abyhvqx (you)
3rd person --- No change
 Tense cwieZ©b:
Present indefinite tense --- past indefinite tense
Present continuous tense --- past continuous
Present perfect tense --- Past perfect tense
Present perfect continuous tense --- Past perfect continuous
Past indefinite tense --- Past perfect tense
Past continuous tense --- Past perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous --- No change
 Past perfect --- No change
Future --- Future in the past
Can --- Could, shall --- should
May --- Might , will --- Would
 ‰bKU¨evPK kã:
Come – go
Here – there
Now – then
This = that
These = Those
Today = That day
Tomorrow = the next day, the following day
Yesterday = The previous day/ the day before.
Sir = Respectfully
Ago = Before
Must = Had to
Yes = Replied in the affirmative
No = Replied in the negative.
Assertive Sentence
i. Said = Said
ii. Said to = told
iii. Inverted comma = that.
Nahin said to me, “I wrote a letter.”
= Nahin told me that he had written a letter.
Basher said to me, “I did not do the work”.
Interrogative Sentence
eowk hw` _v‡K (?)
said/said to Gi cwie‡Z© asked w`‡Z n‡e, mvnvh¨Kvix verb hw` _v‡K if/whether w`‡Z n‡e|
WH- Word hw` cvIqv hvq †mUvB ivL‡Z n‡e|
He said to me, “Did you know me”?
= He asked me if I had known him.
He said to me, “What does cook”?
Imperative Sentence
Said/ Said to Gi cwie‡Z©
Zzwg ev Zzwg ej‡j orderd (Av‡`k †evSv‡j)
‡m ej‡j commanded
fv‡jv Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î advised
please/ kindly _vK‡j requested
Never _vK‡j forbade
He said to me, “Do not tell a lie”.
= He advised me not to tell a lie.
He said to me, “Never tell a lie”.
= He forbade me to tell a lie.
He said to me, “kindly help”.
= He requested me to help him.
The captain, “March on”.
= The captain Commanded to march on.
Mahin said to me, “ Please help me”.
= Mahin requested me to help him>

Let’s:
Let Gi c‡i us _vK‡j cÖ¯Íve †evSvq G‡ÿ‡Î said/ said to Gi cwie‡Z© Proposed e‡m Ges subject bv
_vK‡j to e‡m, inverted comma D‡V that e‡m Ges subject Gici should e‡m|
Masud said to me, “Let’s sings song”.
= Masud proposed me that we should sings a song.
Jaima said to me, “Let’s draw a picture”.
= Jaima proposed me that we should draw a picture.
Z‡e, suggest I e¨envi Kiv hvq wKš‘y suggest e¨envi Ki‡j verb Gi mv‡_ ing w`‡Z nq|
Jaima said to you, “ Let’s sing a song”.
= Jaima suggested you singing a song.
Let him: Let Gi c‡i us Qvov Ab¨ wKQy _vK‡j 1g Ask assertive Gi wbq‡g nq| Avi Inverted comma
D‡V wM‡q that Ges subject Gici might nq|
He said to me, “Let me play cricket”.
= He told me that he might play cricket.
 He said to me, “Let him do the work.”
Exclamatory
Said/Said to – Gi cwie‡Z©
Avbv›` eySv‡j – exclaimed with joy.
`ytL eySv‡j- exclaimed with sorrow.
AevK/we®§q eySv‡j - exclaimed with surprised/ wondered
Wander = Qbœ-we”Qbœfv‡e †Nviv‡div Kiv
I. She said to me, “How beautiful the girl is!”
= She exclaimed with surprised that the girl was very beautiful.
II. The man said to me, “What a fool I am!”
= The man exclaimed with sorrow that he was great fool.
III. The boy said to me, “Alas! My uncle is injure.”
= The boy exclaimed with sorrow that his uncle was injured.
IV. The man said to me, “Thank you, sir.”
= The man respectfully thanked me.
V. The boy said to me, “Ok”.
= The boy told me that it was ok.
VI. Rahul said to me, Omar, please give me a pen.”
= Addressing as Omar, Rahul requested me to give him a pen.
VII. The girl said to me, “Good night.”
= The girl bade me good night.
VIII. He said to me, Good morning.”
= He wished me good morning.
IX. The boy said to me, “Good bye.”
= The boy bade me good bye.