***m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i PDF Lecture Sheet 500/- UvKv!

SPOKEN ENGLISH Lecture Prepared by:

Written By:
Hasan Ahmed Faisal
BA(Hons.) & MA, University of Dhaka.
Founder: English Club

Smarter English, better career…

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Modal Verb: Can

Subject + can + v (base) + …

I – Avwg
We - Avgiv He can go. ‡m ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
You - Zzwg He can’t go. †m ‡h‡Z cv‡i bv|
You - †Zvgiv Can he go? †m wK †h‡Z cv‡i?
They - Zviv Can’t he go? †m wK ‡h‡Z cv‡i bv?
He - †m Why can he go? †m †Kb ‡h‡Z cv‡i?
She - †m Why can’t he go? †m †Kb ‡h‡Z cv‡i bv?
It - GwU/ Bnv How can he go? ‡m Kxfv‡e ‡h‡Z cv‡i?
Rahat - ivnvZ How can’t he go? †m Kxfv‡e ‡h‡Z cv‡i bv?
Mamun - gvgyb

Gevi Verb ¸‡jv Change K‡i wKQz Sentence ˆZwi Kwi (Translate into Engllish):
†m ‡h‡Z cv‡i - †m Avm‡Z cv‡i - ‡m †L‡Z cv‡i - †m Nygv‡Z cv‡i - †m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i - †m wjL‡Z cv‡i - †m
nvm‡Z cv‡i - †m †`L‡Z cv‡i - †m eyS‡Z cv‡i - †m ai‡Z cv‡i - †m mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i - †m Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡i
- †m †Lj‡Z cv‡i - †m wkL‡Z cv‡i - †m Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z cv‡i - †m MvB‡Z cv‡i - †m †Póv Ki‡Z cv‡i - †m ïiæ
Ki‡Z cv‡i ...

Gevi He Gi cwie‡Z© Dc‡ii ZvwjKvi Ab¨vb¨ Pronoun Ges Noun ¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i wKQz Sentence ˆZwi
Kwi (Translate into Engllish):
Avwg †h‡Z cvwi - Avgiv †h‡Z cvwi - Zzwg †h‡Z cvi - †Zvgiv †h‡Z cvi - Zviv †h‡Z cv‡i - †m †h‡Z cv‡i - †m
†h‡Z cv‡i - GwU †h‡Z cv‡i - Avgvi fvB †h‡Z cv‡i - gvgyb †h‡Z cv‡i - ivnvZ †h‡Z cv‡i ...

Task 1: Now use other verbs to make more sentences.

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For example:
I. He can speak. ‡m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i|
II. He can speak in English. †m Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ej‡Z cv‡i|
III. He can speak in English fluently. †m Bs‡iwR‡Z AbM©j K_v ej‡Z cv‡i|
IV. How can he speak in English fluently? †m Kxfv‡e Bs‡iwR‡Z AbM©j K_v ej‡Z cv‡i?
V. Why can’t he speak in English fluently? †m ‡Kb Bs‡iwR‡Z AbM©j K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv?

Translate into English:

1. Avcwb wK wjL‡Z cv‡ib?

2. Avcwb wK GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z cv‡ib?
3. Avcwb wK Avcbvi evevi Kv‡Q GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z cv‡ib?
4. Avcwb wK Avcbvi evevi Kv‡Q UvKv †P‡q GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z cv‡ib?
5. Avcwb wK Avcbvi evevi Kv‡Q UvKv †P‡q cÖwZw`b GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z cv‡ib?
6. Avcwb wKfv‡e Avcbvi evevi Kv‡Q UvKv †P‡q cÖwZw`b GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z cv‡ib?

Answers:
1. Can you write?
2. Can you write a letter?
3. Can you write a letter to your father?
4. Can you write a letter to your father asking for money?
5. Can you write a letter to your father asking for money everyday?
6. How can you write a letter to your father asking for money everyday?

Translate into English:

1. Zzwg wK AviI `ªæZ K_v ej‡Z cvi?

2. Zzwg Kxfv‡e GwU Ki‡Z cvi?
3. Zzwg GLb †h‡Z cvi|
4. Zviv †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5. evsjv‡`k fvj wµ‡KU †Lj‡Z cv‡i|
6. Zzwg Kxfv‡e GwU GZ `ªæZ Ki‡Z cvi?
7. Avcwb wK Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
8. Avwg Avcbv‡K Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvwi R¦bve?
9. Avwg wnw›`‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvwi bv|
10. Avcwb wK `qv K‡i Avgv‡K GK Kvc Pv w`‡Z cv‡ib?
11. Avgvi †QvU †evb Lye fv‡jvfv‡e KziÕAvb wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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 12. Avcwb †Kb Avgvi †jKPvi eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv?
13. Avwg Kxfv‡e Avgvi cvVmg~n Av‡iv mnR Ki‡Z cvwi?

Answer:

1. Can you speak faster?

2. How can you do this?
3. You can go now.
4. They can help you.
5. Bangladesh can play good cricket.
6. How can you do this so fast?
7. Can you help me?
8. How can I help you sir?
9. I can’t speak in Hindi.
10. Can you please give me a cup of tea?
11. My younger sister can recite the holy Qur’an very well.
12. Why can’t you understand my lecture?
13. How can I make my lessons easier?

Task 2: Now make similar interrogative sentences with other WH words:

Where (‡Kv_vq), When (KLb), Which (†KvbwU), Why (‡Kb), Who (‡K), Whom (Kv‡K), Whose
(Kvi), What (Kx), How (Kxfv‡e)

Be verbs

Subject +can + be + …

It can be easy. GwU mnR n‡Z cv‡i|

He can be your friend. ‡m †Zvgvi eÜz n‡Z cv‡i|
Can I be your friend? Avwg wK †Zvgvi eÜz n‡Z cvwi?

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 Cannot help & cannot but

Cannot help

Sub + cannot help + verb + ing + …

I can’t help laughing. = Avwg bv †n‡m cvwi bv|

He can’t help doing this. = †m GUv bv K‡i cv‡i bv|
Tanvir can’t help talking too much. = Zvbfxi †ewk K_v bv e‡j _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|

Gevi Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` Kiæb:

1. Avwg Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv bv K‡i cvwi bv|
2. †m Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ bv K‡i cv‡i bv|
3. Zb¥q AevK bv n‡q cv‡i bv|
4. iwb bv †Ku‡` cv‡i bv|

Answer:
1. I can’t help meeting her.
2. He can’t help helping me.
3. Tonmoy can’t help being surpried.
4. Rony can’t help crying.

Cannot but

Sub + cannot but + verb (base) + …

I can’t but go there. = Avwg †mLv‡b bv wM‡q cvwi bv|

I can’t but see the baby. = Avwg wkïwU‡K bv †`‡L cvwi bv|

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Gevi Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` Kiæb:

1. Avwg Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv bv K‡i cvwi bv|

2. †m Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ bv K‡i cv‡i bv|
3. Zb¥q AevK bv n‡q cv‡i bv|
4. iwb bv †Ku‡` cv‡i bv|
5. Zvbfxi K_vwU bv e‡j cv‡i bv|

Answer:

1. I cannot but meet her.

2. He cannot but help me.
3. Tonmoy cannot but be surprised.
4. Rony cannot but cry.
5. Tanvir cannot but say the word.

Modal Verb: Could

Subject + could + v (base) + …

I – Avwg He could go. ‡m ‡h‡Z cviZ|

We - Avgiv He couldn’t go. †m ‡h‡Z cviZbv|
You - Zzwg could he go? †m wK †h‡Z cviZ?
You - †Zvgiv couldn’t he go? †m wK ‡h‡Z cviZbv?
They - Zviv Why could he go? †m †Kb ‡h‡Z cviZ?
He - †m Why couldn’t he go? †m †Kb ‡h‡Z cviZbv?
She - †m How could he go? ‡m Kxfv‡e ‡h‡Z cviZ?
It - GwU/ Bnv How couldn’t he go? †m Kxfv‡e ‡h‡Z cviZ bv?
Rahat - ivnvZ
Mamun - gvgyb

Gevi Verb ¸‡jv Change K‡i wKQz Sentence ˆZwi Kwi (Translate into Engllish):

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 †m ‡h‡Z cviZ - †m Avm‡Z cviZ- ‡m †L‡Z cviZ- †m Nygv‡Z cviZ- †m K_v ej‡Z cviZ- †m wjL‡Z cviZ- †m
nvm‡Z cviZ- †m †`L‡Z cviZ- †m eyS‡Z cviZ- †m ai‡Z cviZ- †m mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cviZ- †m Abygvb Ki‡Z
cviZ- †m †Lj‡Z cviZ- †m wkL‡Z cviZ- †m Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z cviZ- †m MvB‡Z cviZ- †m †Póv Ki‡Z cviZ- †m
ïiæ Ki‡Z cviZ...

Gevi He Gi cwie‡Z© Dc‡ii ZvwjKvi Ab¨vb¨ Pronoun Ges Noun ¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i wKQz Sentence ˆZwi
Kwi (Translate into Engllish):
Avwg †h‡Z cviZvg - Avgiv †h‡Z cviZvg - Zzwg †h‡Z cvi‡Z - †Zvgiv †h‡Z cvi‡Z - Zviv †h‡Z cviZ- †m †h‡Z
cviZ- †m †h‡Z cviZ- GwU †h‡Z cviZ- Avgvi fvB †h‡Z cviZ- gvgyb †h‡Z cviZ- ivnvZ †h‡Z cviZ...

Couldn’t help

Sub + couldn’t help + verb + ing + …

I couldn’t help laughing. = Avwg bv †n‡m cvijvg bv|

Sabbir couldn’t help saying this. = mvweŸi GUv bv e‡j cvij bv|

Gevi Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` Kiæb:

1. K_vwU bv e‡j cvijvg bv|

2. KvImvi KjgwU bv wK‡b cvij bv|
3. Zvjnv †mLv‡b bv wM‡q cvij bv|
4. KZ…©c¶ MvQwU bv †K‡U cvij bv|
5. Avwg MvwowU bv wewµ K‡i cvijvg bv|

Answer:

1. I couldn’t help saying the word.

2. Kawsar couldn’t help buying the pen.
3. Talha couldn’t help going there.
4. The authority couldn’t help cutting the tree.
5. I couldn’t help selling the car.

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 Couldn’t but

Sub + couldn’t but + verb (base) + …

I couldn’t but say this. = Avwg GUv bv e‡j cvijvg bv|

Tanvir couldn’t but laugh. = Zvbfxi bv †n‡m cvij bv|

Gevi Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` Kiæb:

1. K_vwU bv e‡j cvijvg bv|
2. KvImvi KjgwU bv wK‡b cvij bv|
3. Zvjnv †mLv‡b bv wM‡q cvij bv|
4. KZ…©c¶ MvQwU bv †K‡U cvij bv|
5. Avwg MvwowU bv wewµ K‡i cvijvg bv|

Answer:

1. I couldn’t but say the word.

2. Kawsar couldn’t but buy the pen.
3. Talha couldn’t but go there.
4. The authority couldn’t but cut the tree.
5. I couldn’t but sell the car.

Can: Future

eZ©gv‡bi mÿgZv, eZ©gv‡bi cvwicvwk^©KZv, eZ©gv‡bi wm×všÍ BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡Y Avgiv fwl¨‡Z †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z
cvie †m‡ÿ‡Î Future Tense-G Can e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi| ‡hgb:

She can win the race tomorrow if she really tries. (†m AvMvgxKvj †`ŠuowU wRZ‡Z cvi‡e hw` †m
Avm‡jB †Póv K‡i|)
Can you come to a party on Saturday? (Zzwg wK kwbev‡i GKwU cvwU©‡Z Avm‡Z cvi‡e?)

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I haven’t got time today, but I can see you tomorrow. (AvR Avwg mgq cvBwb, Z‡e AvMvgxKvj
†Zvgvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z cvie|)

Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Î will be able to Gi gZ Structure ¸‡jv e¨envi KivB †kÖq| †hgb:
I’ll be able to speak French at the end of this course.
(GB †Kvm©wUi †k‡l Avwg †d«Â fvlvq K_v ej‡Z cvie|)
One day people will be able to go to the moon on holiday.
(GKw`b gvbyl QzwU‡Z Pvu‡` †h‡Z cvi‡e|)

Hasan Faisal m¨v‡ii

GB m¤ú~Y© †Kv‡m©i
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