5 English Update 7

Bs‡iwR
English Grammar and Literature
Sl. No. Topics

1. Parts of speech
2. Modifier
3. Right form of verbs
4. Completing Sentence
5. Translation
6. voice
7. Narration
8. Appropriate prepositions
9. Phrase and Idioms
10. Synonym and Antonym
11. Correct Spelling
12. Article
13. Transformation
14. Degree
15. Gender
16. English Literature
Parts of Speech
(1 bv¤^vi co‡e Parts of Speech I Verb †_‡K)
Parts k‡ãi A_© Askmg~n Ges Speech k‡ãi A_© evK¨ ev Sentence myZivs Parts of Speech e‡j‡Z †evSvq
ev‡Kï Askmg~n| A_© ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ask‡K Parts of Speech e‡j|
*Parts of Speech Av‡M wQ‡jv 8 cÖKvi GLb Zv 11 cÖKvi| h_v---
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
9. Determiner
10. Number
11. Numeral
1. Noun
Noun (we‡kl¨)- ‡h kã Øviv †K‡bv wKQzi bvg cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K Noun e‡j|
‡hgb, Sadik, Dhaka BZ¨vw`|
Noun Gi cÖKvi‡f` Noun cÖavbZ cvuP cÖKvi | Z‡e AvaywbK MÖvgvi g‡Z Noun 4 cÖKvi Material Noun †K ev`
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| h_vt---
1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun
Gevi Avmyb cvuP cÖKvi Noun - Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK|

Proper Noun: Proper Noun Gi A_© n‡jv we‡kl bvg| Proper Noun Øviv G‡jv‡g‡jv bvg eywS‡q we‡kl bvg
A_v©r mywbw`©ó GKwU bvg‡K †evSvq|
‡hgbt Raju , Saiful, Saif, Dhaka, Meghana, Tajmahal BZ¨vw`|
A_v©r- Proper Noun ‡Kv‡bv GKwU mywbw`©ó e¨vw³i bvg, ¯’v‡bi bvg, AÆvwjKvi bvg, wbw`ó †Kv‡bv GKwU MÖ‡š’i bvg ev
wbw`ó †Kvb weL¨vZ bvg‡K †evSvq| Proper Noun ev‡Kï †hLv‡bB emyK bv †Kb †mwU Capital Letter w`‡q ïiæ nq|
†hgb- He lives in Dhaka. He has visited the Tajmahl.
Common Noun: Common Noun Gi evsjv A_© n‡jv RvwZevPK bvg A_©vr †h Noun Øviv GKB RvZxq A_©vr
GKB ai‡bi e¨w³ ev e¯‘i mvaviY bvg‡K †evSv‡j Zv‡K Common Noun e‡j|
‡hgbt Girl, boy, river, player, poet, docoter, engineer
She is a girl.
Collective Noun: Collective Noun Gi evsjv A_© n‡jv mgwóevPK bvg A_©vr †h, Noun Øviv GKB •ewkó¨ m¤úbœ
mKj‡K bv eywS‡q K‡qKRb‡K ev K‡qKwU‡K †evSvq Zv‡ì mgwó‡K Collective Noun e‡j|
†hgbt- (RbZv), (iYZixi mgwó), (‡fovi cvj) , (Miæi cvj) , (gv‡Qi SvK) , (†g․gvwQi SvuK) , (KyKz‡ii cvj),
(WvKv‡Zi `j) , (Pvwei mgwó), (MY¨gvb¨ e¨vw³eM©) , (f`ªgÛjx) (K„lKgÛjx) , (‡MvQv), (Mv`v) , (Kwo) , (GK ckvjv
e„wó)
Abstract Noun: Abstract Noun Gi evsjv A_© n‡jv ¸bevPK bvg ev fve evPK bvg|
‡hgbt Happiness, Honesty
2. Pronoun
Noun-Gi cwie‡Z© ev‡K¨ †h kã eëüZ nq Zv‡K Pronoun e‡j |
Pronoun Gi cÖKvi †f`: Pronoun †K cªavbZ 8 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
‡hgbt--
1. Personal Pronoun
2. Demonstrative Pronoun
3. Interrogative Pronoun
4. Relative Pronoun
5. Indefinite Pronoun
6. Dixtributive Pronoun
7. Reciprocal Pronoun
8. Reflexive and Emphatic Pronoun
1.Personal Pronoun:- ‡Kvb e¨vw³ ev e¯‘i cwie‡Z© †h Pronoun eëüZ nq Zv‡K Personal Pronoun e‡j|
‡hgbt-I, we, he, she, they, it BZ¨vw`|
2. Demonstrative Pronoun: Demonstrative Pronoun Gi A_© n‡jv wb‡`©kK Pronoun ‡h, Pronoun
ev‡Kï cÖ_‡g e‡m H evK¨w¯’Z †Kvb noun †K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K Demonstrative Pronoun e‡j|
†hgbt- This, that, these, Those BZ¨vw`|
3.Interrogative Pronoun: Interrogative Pronoun Gi A_© n‡jv cÖkœ‡evaK Pronoun A_©vr †h, Pronoun
ev‡Kï cÖ_‡g e‡m H evK¨wU‡K cÖkœ‡evaK ev‡K¨ Z_v Interrogative ev‡K¨ cwiYZ K‡i Zv‡K Interrogative
Pronoun e‡j|
‡hgb: Who, whom, which, whose, what BZ¨vw`|
4. Relative Pronoun: Av”Qv Relative ej‡Z Avgiv eywS? AvËxq-¯^Rb Z_v Kv‡iv mv‡_ m¤úK© ev m¤§Ü †evSv‡Z
Avgiv Relative Kv_vwU eënvi Kwi| Relative Pronoun ¸‡jv hLb ev‡Kï gvSLv‡b e‡m mvaviY eY©vbvg~jK evK¨
‣Zwi K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Relative Pronoun e‡j|
‡hgbt Who, whom, which, what , that
5. Indefinite Pronoun: Av”Pv Indefinite k‡ãi A_© Kx? Indefinite k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Awbw`ó| AZGe
Indefinite Pronoun A_© n‡jv Awbw`óZvevPK Pronoun †h, Pronoun Øviv Awbw`ó© †Kv‡bv e¨vw³ ev e¯‘‡K †evSvq
Zv‡K | Indefinite Pronoun e‡j|
†hgbt Somebody, anyone, anybody, something, anything, nothing, everyone, nobody, none
BZ¨vw`|
6. Dixtributive Pronoun: †h Pronoun GK RvZxq GKvwaK e¨vw³ ev e¯Íyi g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K Avjv`v †evSvq
Zv‡K Dixtributive Pronoun e‡j|
‡hgbt Each, either, neither |
7. Reciprocal Pronoun: ‡h, Pronoun Øviv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨vw³ ev e¯‘i ,g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K© †evSvq Zv‡K
- Reciprocal Pronoun e‡j| Reciprocal Pronoun `yBwU|
h_vt Each other: hLb †Kej `yBRb e¨w³ e¯‘i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK †evSvq ZLb GwU eëüZ nq|
†hgb:-Rahim and shil love other.
GLv‡b Rahim I shila `yB R‡bi cvi¯úwiK m‡¤úK© †evSvq n‡q‡Q|
8. Reflexive and Emphatic Pronoun: personal pronoun Gi m‡½ hLb Self ev Selves hy³ n‡q †Kv‡bv
object wn‡m‡e e‡m Ges ev‡Kï subject †K wb‡`©k K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Reflexive Pronoun e‡j| Reflexivw
Pronoun †Pbvi mnR Dcvq n‡”Q Giv mvaviYZ ev‡Kï G‡Kev‡i †k‡l e‡m Ges KZv© I Kg© GKB nq|
†hgbt She killed herself.
Reflexive Pronoun ¸‡jv n‡jv my shelf, ourselves, himself, herself, yours self BZ¨vw`
D‡jøL¨ †h, singular †evSv‡Z †k‡l self hy³ nq Ges plural †evSv‡Z †k‡l Selves hy³ nq|
3. Adjective
‡h word Øviv †Kvb noun ev proun Gi †`vl ¸Y Ae¯’v msL¨v ev cwigvY †K †evSvq Zv‡K Adjective e‡j|
‡hgbt She is a beautiful girl.
cÖK…wZMZ wePv‡i Adjective AvU cÖKvi
h_vt
1. proper Adjective: proper noun ‡_‡K Adjective Gi DscwË n‡q‡Q Zv‡K proper Adjective e‡j|
†hgbt Asia ‡_‡K asian, Africa ‡_‡K African, France ‡_‡K Frence ,Bangladesh ‡_‡K Bangladeshi,
China ‡_‡K Chinese
2. Adjective of Quality: ‡h Adjective †Kv‡bv noun ev proun Gi †`vl ¸Y Ae¯’v †evSvq Zv‡K Adjective
of Quality e‡j| ‡hgbt good, bad, wise, noble, poor, rich, cold, warm.
3. Adjective of Quantity: ‡h Adjective ‡Kv‡bv Noun ev Proun Gi cwigvY‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K
Adjective of Quantity e‡j|
‡hgbt little, a little, half, full, whole, huge, some, all, any.
4. Adjective of Number: ‡h Adjective ‡Kvb Noun ev Proun Gi msL¨vK ev µg‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K
Adjective of Number e‡j|
‡hgbt one. two, three, four, five, six
05. Demonstrative Adjective: ‡h Adjective ‡Kv‡bv e¨vw³ ev e¯‘‡K we‡klfv‡e wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K
Demonstrative Adjective e‡j| ‡mvRv K_v This,that,these,those, hw` †Kv‡bv verb Gi Av‡M e‡m A_ev
Noun Qvov e‡m Zv‡K Demonstrative Adjective e‡j| Avi hw` †Kv‡bv Noun Gi Av‡M e‡m H Noun †K wb‡`©k
K‡i ZLb evK¨wU‡Z Demonstrative Adjective e‡j|
This is my book, [This Demonstrative Proun]
This book is mine [This Demonstrative Adjective]
06. Demonstrative Adjective ‡h, Adjective GKvwaK e¨vw³ ev e¯‘i g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K c©_Kfv‡e wb‡`©k K‡i
Zv‡K| Demonstrative Adjective e‡j|
‡hgbt Each, every, either, neither.
7. Interrogative Adjective :- Wh-Word ¸‡jv hLb †Kv‡bv Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Adjective Gi gZ KvR
K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Interrogative Adjective e‡j|
what, which, whose hw` †Kv‡bv Noun Qvov e‡m Zv‡K Interrogative pronoun e‡j. Avi hw` †Kv‡bv Noun
Gi Av‡M e‡m H Noun †K wb‡`©k K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Interrogative Adjective e‡j|
08. Possessive Adjective: ‡h Adjective †Kvb Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m †Kvb AwaKvi ev m¤^× cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K
Possessive Adjective e‡j|
†hgbt My, our, your, his, their.
Verb
Verb ‡h ,kã ev Word Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv _vKv ev nIqv‡K †evSvq Zv‡K verb e‡j|
verb cÖKvi‡f`t verb cÖavbZ 02 cÖKvi
h_vt
Verb
1) Finite verb 2)Non-finiteverb
1) Principal 2)Auxiliary
1)Transitive 2)Intransitive 1)primary 2)Modal
01. Finite verb (mgvwcKv wµqv) : ‡h verb Øviv †Kv‡bv ev‡Kï KvR ev e³e¨ mgvß nq Ges ev‡Kï Subject Gi
PersonI number Øviv mxgve× Ges Tense Abymv‡i Zvi iƒ‡ci cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K Finite verb ev mgvwcKv wµqv
e‡j|
‡hgbt Rahim goes to college. He attends the class regularly.
02) Non-finite verb (AmgvwcKv wµqv): †h, verb Øviv †Kv‡bv ev‡Kï KvR ev e³e¨ mgvß nq bv Ges ev‡Kï
Subject Gi PersonI number Øviv mxgve× bq Ges Tens Abymv‡i Zvi iƒ‡ci cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K Non-finite
verb ev AmgvwcKv wµqv e‡j| GK K_vq Fintie verb Gi wecix‡Z n‡jv Non-finite verb .
evsjvq hvB‡Z, LvB‡Z BZ¨vw` AmgvwcKv wµqvi Bq‡iwR‡Z to + verb A_v©r Infinite Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv Present
participle A_v©r verb+ing GBiƒ‡c Non-finite verb nq|
Finite verb- Avevi `yB cÖKvi

1)principal Verb 02) Auxilary Verb
a) Principal Verb : ‡h Verb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Verb Qvov ¯^vaxbfv‡e eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Principal Verb ev
Main Verb e‡j|
1.) Transitive Verb : †Kv‡bv Verb hw` Zvi Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ hw` KZv© QvovI Ab¨ KvD‡K ev Ab¨ wKQz‡K
cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K Transitive Verb ev mKg©K wµqv e‡j|
2) Intransitive Verb: ‡Kv‡bv Verb hw` Zvi Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ hw` KZv© Qvov Avi Kv‡iv cÖ‡qvRb bv nq,Zvn‡j
Zv‡K Intransitive Verb ev AKg©K wµqv e‡j| Intransitive Verb G †Kv‡bv Object ev Kg© _v‡K bv|
* Transitive Verb: wn‡m‡e Intransitive hLb †Kv‡bv Intransitive Verb Causitive-G ev cÖ‡hvRK wµqv iæ‡c
eëüZ nq ZLb Zv‡K Transitive Verb nq|
b) Auxilary Verb : ‡h Verb Gi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv A_© †bB wKšÍ wµqvi Kvj ev fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z Principal
Verb‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv‡K Auxilary Verb e‡j| Avi †mRb¨B G‡K mvnvh¨Kvix wµqv ev Helping Verb ejv nq|
Auxilary Verb ‡K Avevi 02 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq
‡hgbt-
01) Primary Auxiliary 02) Modal Auxiliary
01) Primary Auxiliary Verb t ‡h Verb ¸‡jv Tenes Gi †ÿ‡Î Main Verb Gi mvnvh¨Kvix Verb wn‡m‡e eëüZ
nq Ges KLv‡bv KL‡bv principal Verb wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡ì‡K Primary Auxiliary Verb ejv nq|
‡hgbt- He is going to college
He was going to college.
02) Modal Auxiliary: wµqv m¤úv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î mood ev aiY †evSv‡bvi R‡b¨ †h Auxiliary Verb eëüZ nq
Modal Auxiliary Verb e‡j|
‡hgbt- I can do the work alone.
Primary Auxiliary Verb Modal Auxiliary Verb

Am, Is , are was were, have, had, has, have been has been had Shall, Should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, need,
been, am being, is being used to
Auxiliary Verb-wn‡m‡e eënvi Principal Verb-wn‡m‡e eënvi

1. I am doing the sum 1. I am well.
2. He was sleeping at night. 2. He was at home.
3. I have done the work. 3. i have a book
5. Adverb
Adverb ‡h kã †Kv‡bv Noun ev Pronoun e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv kã ev Parts of Speech †K A_ev GKwU m¤ú~Y©
e¨K¨‡K Modify K‡i Zv‡K Adverb e‡j|
Adverb Gi cÖKvi †f`t Adverb cÖavbZ 03 cÖKvi | †hgbt-1.Simple Adverb, 2.Relative Adverb,
03.Interrogative Adverb
D‡jøL¨ †h,‡KvbwU Kx ai‡Yi Adverb Zv cixÿv‡Z Avm‡e bv| wKš‘ Adverb ‡K fv‡jfv‡e †evSvi Rb¨ ‡KvbwU Kx
ai‡Yi Adverb Zv Rvbv jvM‡e|
wb‡¤œ GB wZb cÖKvi Adverb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv njt
1.Simple Adverb ‡h Adverb Øviv †Kv‡bv mvaviY NUbv ev KvR‡K †evSvq Zv‡K Simple Adverb e‡j|
Simple
Adverb cªavbZ AvU cÖKvi| h_vt-
01. Adverb of Manner
02. Adverb of Place
03. Adverb ofTime
04. Adverb of reason or purpose
05. Adverb of Degree
06. Adverb of Intensifier
07. Adverb of Downtoner
08. Adverb of Affirmation and Negation
wb‡¤œ AvU cÖKvi Simple Adverb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv njt-
01. Adverb of Manner: †Kv‡bv KvR ev NUbv Kx fv‡e m¤úbœ nq n‡”Q GB iƒc †evSv‡Z Adverb of Manner
eënvi Kiv nq| Adverb of Manner ¸‡jv n‡jv| Quickly, Slowly, Soundly, Swiftly, cearly, closely,
correctly, bravely, badly, sadly, softly, BZ¨vw`|
02. Adverb of Place: †Kv‡bv KvR ev NUbv †Kv_vq n‡”Q ev †Kv_vq †_‡K n‡”Q †evSv‡Z Adverb of Place
eënvi Kiv nq| Adverb of Place ¸‡jv n‡jv| Here, there, hither, hence, near, nearby, away, abroad,
BZ¨vw`|
03. Adverb of Time: †Kv‡bv KvR ev NUbv KLb,KZÿY ev KZevi m¤úbœ nq ev n‡q‡Q Zv †evSv‡Z Adverb of
Time -eënvi Kiv nq|
Adverb of Time ¸‡jv n‡jv Now, then, Before, Since, Ago, Already BZ¨vw`|
04. Adverb of reason or purpose: ‡Kv‡bv KvR Av NUbvi KviY ev D‡Ïk¨ †evSv‡Z Adverb of reason or
purpose nq| Adverb of reason or purpose ¸‡jv n‡jv | There fore, so, so that BZ¨vw`|
05. Adverb of Degree: ‡Kv‡bv KvR ev NUbv KZUv ev Kx cwigvY m¤úbœ nq Zv †evSv‡Z Adverb of Degree
eënvi Kiv nq| Adverb of Degree ¸‡jv n‡jv| Vary, much, almost, quite. fully, partly, wholly
06. Adverb of Intensifier: †h Adverb ¸‡jv Øviv †Kv‡bv KvR ev NUbvi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi †`q Zv‡K
Adverb of Intensifier e‡j| Adverb of Intensifier ¸‡jv n‡jv | Actully, certainly, surely, really,
BZ¨vw`|
07. Adverb of Downtoner: †h Adverb ¸‡jv Verb, adjective ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Adverb Gi ¸iæZ¡ Kwg‡q
†`q †m¸‡jv‡K Adverb of Downtoner e‡j| Adverb of Downtoner ¸‡jv n‡jv Adverb of Intensifier
Gi wecixZ| Hardly, scarcely, nearly BZ¨vw`|
08. Adverb of Affirmation and Negation: †h Adverb ¸‡jv Øviv n¨vu evPK ev bv-evPK A_© †evSvq
†m¸‡jv‡K Adverb of Affirmation and Negation e‡j| Yes, No, Ever, Never BZ¨vw`|
Interrogative Adverb: †h Adverb ¸‡jv Øviv cÖkœ Kiv nq †m¸‡jv‡K Interrogative Adverb e‡j| g‡b
ivL‡Z n‡e †h Interrogative Adverb memgq ev‡Kï cÖ_‡g ev‡m KK‡bv ev‡Kï †k‡l ev gvSLv‡b e‡m bv Ges
Interrogative Adverb hy³ evK¨wU memgq Interrogative Adverb ev cÖkœ‡evaK evK¨ nq |
When, Where, why, how BZ¨vw`|
Ab¨ fv‡e ejv hvq †h, KLb †Kv_vq,‡Kb Kxfv‡e A_v©r When, Where, why, how BZ¨vw` kã ¸‡jv n‡”Q
Interrogative Adverb
Relative Adverb And Cojunctive Adverb: †h Adverb ¸‡jv `ywU evK¨‡K hy³ K‡i Zv‡K Relative
Adverb e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq †h, When,Where, why, how GB ¸‡jv kã¸‡jv ev‡Kï gvSLv‡b em‡j †m
¸‡jv‡K Relative Adverb nq| G‡ÿ‡Î evK¨wU Intgerrogtive bv n‡q Assertive ev‡K¨ cwibZ nq| g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e, Relative pronoun hy³ ev‡Kï g‡Zv Relative Adverb hy³ ev‡KÏ KL‡bv IntgerrogtiveevK¨ n‡Z cv‡i
bv|
Perposition
‡h word †Kv‡bv noun ev pronoun A_ev noun Gi mgch©v‡ii †Kv‡bv word Gi c~‡e© e‡m Zvi mv‡_ ev‡Kï Ab¨-
word Gi m¤úK© eywS‡q †`q Zv‡K Perposition e‡j| †hgbt with, before, after, at, in, of, to BZ¨vw`|
Conjunctions
Conjunctions:- Conjunctions kãwUi A_© n‡jv ms‡hvRK Ae¨q | A_v©r †h word GKB ai‡Yi `ywU kã
(A_©vr,GKB ai‡bi `ywU Parts of Speech) ev ev‡K¨‡K A_ev GKwU evK¨vsk‡K Av‡iKwU evK¨vs‡ki mv‡_ hy³ Kivi
Rb¨ eëüZ nq Zv‡K Conjunctions e‡j | †hgbt and, or, but, both......and, so........that, either.....or,
nither......nor, not only......but also, no sooner.......than, BZ¨vw`|
Interjection
Interjection: ‡h kã Øviv g‡bi Av‡eM,Abyf~wZ D”Q¦vm †kvK, `ytL BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K Interjection e‡j|
myZivs †h kã g‡bi AvKw¯§K Av‡eM ,Abyf~wZ cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Interjection e‡j| Interjection ‡Pbvi mnR Dcvq
n‡”Q, Interjection memgq ev‡Kï cÖ_‡g e‡m Ges GB Gi c‡i memgq GKwU we¯§qm~PK wPý (! ) _v‡K|
†hgbt- Hurrah! Today is holiday.
Alas! I am undone.
wewfbœ cÖKvi Modifier Gi eënvi
cÖvBgvwi wkÿK wb‡qvM cwiÿvq modifier ‡_‡K 1-2wU cÖkœ _v‡KB| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ eB¸‡jv GB welqwU Lye KwVbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvR Avgiv welqwU Lye mnR fv‡e wkL‡ev-Zvn‡j Pjyb †`‡L †bIqv hvK -
Infinitive: to+verb Gi base from ‡K intinitive e‡j |
†Pbvi mnR Dcvq: Infinitive: to+verb Gi base from ‡K intinitive e‡j| GZGe †Kv‡bv evK¨ hw` to+verb Gi base from
GKmv‡_ †`‡Lb Z‡e †`Lv gvÎB †PvL eÜ K‡i intinitive wn‡m‡e DËi Ki‡eb|
‡hgb- Example:iwent to market tobuy a book .
He likes to play cricket .
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, infinitive KL‡bv KL‡bv ev‡Kï subject-n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e infinitive ev Gerund hw` †Kv‡bv
ev‡Kï subject nq Zvn‡j verb memgq singular n‡e|
‡hgb- To swim is a good exercise .
to run is a good for helth .
Gerund: verb Gi †k‡l ing hy³ n‡q †h verb GKB mv‡_ verb I noun –Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K geround e‡j| Av‡iv mnRfv‡e ej‡j,
ing hy³ †h verb noun Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K Gerund e‡j|
‡Pbvi mnR Dcvq : mvaviYZ ev‡K¨ Kx,Kv‡K Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j hw` †Kv‡bv ing hy³ verb DËi †`q Zvn‡j †mwU gerund n‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h,
gerund mvaviYZ ev‡Kï subject A_ev object nq|
Gerund ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ subject wKsev object wn‡m‡e eënZ n‡Z cv‡i|
‡hgb- swimming is a good exercise . (mvZvi GKwU fv‡jv e¨vqvg)
e¨vLv: GLv‡b ev‡Kï subject wn‡m‡e ‗is‘ verb Gi Av‡M ‘swimming’ e‡m‡Q| GLv‡b hw` ev‡K¨ cÖkœ Kiv nq, Kx GKwU fv‡jv e¨vqvg?Õ
ZLb DËi w`‡e-ÕmvZviÕA_©vs, swimming . GKB wbq‡g wb‡Pi evK¨wUI MwVZ|
ev‡Kï object wn‡m‡e we enjoyed sleeping in the open air. (Avgiv Db¥y³ evZv‡m Nyg‡K Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg)
e¨vLv:GLv‡b ev‡Kï object wn‡m‡e enjoyed verb Gi c‡i sleeping e‡m‡Q| GLv‡b hw` evK¨‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq ÕAvgiv Kx Dc‡fvM
KiwQjvg?Õ ZLb DËi w`‡e Nyg‡K A_©vsÕ sleeping‘
participate: verb Gi †h iæc GKB mv‡_ verb I adjective Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K participle e‡j|Av‡iv mnRfv‡e
ej‡j, ‡h verb adjective-Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K participle e‡j|
participle wZb cÖKvi|h_v:
1.preasent participle 2.past participle 3.perfect participle
GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h cÖ‡Z¨K participle adjective Gi g‡Zv KvR K‡i|
preasent participle: ing hy³ †h verb adjective Gi KvR K‡i Zv‡K preasent participle e‡j|
*‡Pbvi mnR Dcvq :mvaviYZ evK¨‡K †Kgb Kx iKg Øviv cªkœ Ki‡j hw` †Kv‡bv ing hy³ verb DËi †`q Zvn‡j †mwU preasent
participle n‡e| preasent participle ev‡Kï noun Gi Av‡M ev c‡i e‡m noun ‡K modify K‡i|
A barking dog seldom bites. (‡ND †ND Kiv KzKzi Kg Kvgovq )
e¨vLv: GLv‡b dog kãwU noun ‗dog‘-Gi Av‡M barking (‗bark‘verb Gi ‡k‡l ing hy³ n‡q barking n‡q‡Q)
e‡m dog ‡K modify K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b hw` ev‡K¨ cÖkœ Kiv nq, Õ‡Kgb KzKzi Kg Kvgovq?Õ ZLb DËi w`‡e- Õ‡ND †ND Kiv Õ A_©vs barking
GKB wbq‡g wb‡Pi evK¨wUI MwVZ n‡q‡Q-A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Av‡iKwU D`nviY †`Lyb- Education is enlighting. (wkÿv n‡”Q Av‡jvKgq)
e¨vLv: GLv‡b hw` evK¨‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq, ÕKx Av‡jvKgq?Õ ZLb DËi w`‡e- Õ wkÿv A_©vs Education wKšÍ GLv‡b hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq wkÿv
†Kgb? ZLb DËi w`‡e-Av‡jvKgq A_©vs, enlight.
2.past participle: ‡h participle Øviv‡Kv‡bv KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q †evSvq Zv‡K past participle e‡j|
‡Pbvi mnR Dcvq: mvaviYZ evK¨‡K †Kgb Kx iKg Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j hw` †Kv‡bv verb DËi †`q Zvn‡j †mwU past participle (‡hgb:
Break-broke-broken) Zvi †klwU‡KB past participle e‡j| Avi GB iKg verb ‡`Lv gvÎB †PvL eÜ K‡i past participle wn‡m‡e
DËi Ki‡eb|‡hgb-
There is a broken glass.
We should not drink polluted water.
Deecived by his friends.he lost all hope.
3.Perfect participle: present participle I past participle-Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ participle †K Perfect participle e‡j|
Av‡iv mnRfv‡e ej‡j, having +verb-Gi past participle from-GKmv‡_ emv‡Z †`L‡jB †PvL eÜ K‡i Perfect participle wn‡m‡e
DËi Ki‡eb|g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Perfect participle -G verb Gi past participle from Gi Av‡M having kãwU _vK‡eB|‡hgb-
Having tired i went to a restaurant.
Having rested a while, we continued our journey.
We left the place having completed the work.
RIGHT FROM OF VERB

Use of the right form of verbs-¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbqg evsjvq |
(1bv¤^vi Kgb covi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q)
mvaviY wbqgt
1) ev‡Kï subject hw` third person I singular number nq Zvn‡j present indefinite tense G verb Gi mv‡_
s/es nq| wKšÍ Ab¨ †Kvb Tense G iKg nq bv|
‡hgbt
mvw`K fvZ Lvq- Sadik eats rice.

‡m bv‡P- She dances.
mvBd Mvb Mvq- Saif sings a song.
jÿ¨ Kit- Dc‡ii evK¨ ¸‡jv‡Z He, She, Saif subject ¸‡jv third person singular number (GKPb). wKšÍ subject
third person n‡qI hw` plural number (eûePb) nq Zvn‡j verb Gi mv‡_ s/es hy³ nq bv |
‡hgbt-
Zvnviv fvZ Lvqt-They eat rice.
cvwiKzj Ges ivbv Mvb Mvqt- Parikul and Rana sing a song.
GLv‡b subject ¸‡jv plural (eûevPK).
2.Present indefinite Tense Gi ev‡Kï Subject Third person I singular number n‡jI evK¨wU hw` negative nq
Zv n‡j Zv‡Z does not eëüZ nq Ges ZLb verb Gi mv‡_ s/es hy³ nq bv |
‡hgbt-
He goes to school. (affirmative)
He does not go to school. (negative)
Joly sings a song. (affirmative)
Joly does not sing a song. (negative)
3. Past or future Tense n‡j verbGi mv‡_ s/es hy³ nq bv | ‡m‡ÿ‡Î †mB Tense Gi structure Abyhvqx verb em‡e|
4. Modal verb ‡hgb can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, dare, need, ought to, have to,
must Gi c‡i verb Gi mv‡_ †Kvb wKQz †hvM bv n‡q verb Gi present form em‡e|
‡hgbt-
‡Zvgvi KvR wU Kiv DwPZ- You should do the work.
Zv‡K Aek¨B bvP‡Z n‡e- She must dance.
gyKz‡ji †h †Kvb fqven cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi mvnm Av‡Q-Mukul dare challenge any dire consequence.
nv‡dR †jvKRb‡K nvmv‡Z cv‡i-Hafez can make the people laugh.
5. yesterday, ago, last week, last month/year, day before yesterday (MZ ciï w`b) BZ¨vw`-word ev‡K¨ eëüZ
n‡q | hw` KvRwU H mg‡q n‡qwQj eySvq Zvn‡j verb Gi past form eëüZ nq| evsjv evK¨wU‡Z verb Gi iƒc present Gi
gZ g‡b n‡jI Bs‡iwR‡Z verb Gi present form eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
‡hgbt-
myRb MZKvj evox G‡m‡Qt- Sujon came home yesterday.
Avwg MZ eQi fviZ wM‡qwQjvgt- I went India last year.
6) A‡bÿY a‡i GKwU KvR Pj‡Q Giƒc eySv‡Z for Ges A‡bK Av‡Mi †Kvb GKwU gyn~‡Z© †_‡K GKwU KvR Pj‡Q GB A‡_© since
eëüZ n‡j Zvi c~‡e© verb e‡m| present perfect continuous tense nq | hw` verb bv †_‡K †Kvb Adjective _v‡K Zv
n‡j Zvi c~‡e© have been / has been(present perfect tense) e‡m|
Inc:-He is ill(adjective) for two months.
( ‡m `yB gvm hveZ Amy¯’)
√ Cort:-He has been ill for two months.
Inc:- ✘Inc:- It is raining for two hours.
√ Cort:-It has been raining for two hours.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- She is reading in this school since 1989.
√Cort:-She has been reading in this school since 1989.
7.Since Gi `yB cv‡k hw` `ywU †QvU evK¨ A_ev clause _v‡K Zvn‡j cÖ_g evK¨wUi verb n‡e present perfect Tense Gi
Ges wØZxq evK¨wUi verb n‡e past indefinite.
‡hgbt-
✘Inc:- Ten years passed since he has left the village (`k eQi nj †m MÖvg †Q‡o‡Q)|
√ Cort:-Ten years have passed since he left the village.
✘Inc:- Two days passed away since he has died (`yw`b n‡jv †m g‡i‡Q)
Correct: Two days have passed away since he died.
8. Since hLb Adverb wnmv‡e e‡m ago (Av‡M) Gi gZ A_© cÖKvk K‡i ZLb GB Since Gi Av‡M GKwU Adverbof time
e‡m Ges verb Gi past indefinite Tense nq|
‡hgbt-
Inc:- I have seen my wife long since (ago).( A‡bK Av‡M Avwg Avgvi eD‡K †`‡LwQjvg)
Cort:-I saw my wife long since(ago)
jÿ Ki- GLv‡b long since Gi Av‡M adverb of time wnmv‡e e‡m‡Q|
9. Before gv‡b n‡jv Av‡M| Gi Av‡M verb Gi verb past perfect tense ( had + verb Gi past participle perfect)
e‡m | Avevi after gv‡b nj Ôc‡iÕ| Gic‡i past perfect tense (had + verb past participle) e‡m|
‡hgbt-
Wv³vi Avmvi Av‡M †ivwMwU gviv †Mj -The patient had died before the doctor came.
Wv³vi Avmvi c‡i †ivwMwU gviv ‡Mj -The patient died after the doctor had come.
10.eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q Giæc Abygvb eySv‡j ZLb verb Gi future perfect tense (Subject + shall / will
+have + verb (past participle)
‡hgb-
‡m nqZ wbðZ Abygvb GZÿ‡b ewikvj †c․‡Q †M‡Q-
jÿ Ki-GLv‡b by this time .Øiv eZ©gvb Kvj eySv‡”Q | A_P verb Gi verb future perfect tense eëüZ nj | Zvi
gv‡b GB bq †h KvRwU future Gi , Abygvb cÖKvk Ki‡Z †Mj future perfect tense Giæ‡c eZ©gvb ‡K eySv‡Z cv‡i|
11. Lest Øiv `ywU clause hy³ n‡j cieZ©x clause Gi verb Gi Av‡M should e‡m| H verb wUi negative iæc eënvi
Kiv hvq bv|
‡hgb-
Run fast lest ( cv‡Q, bB‡j) you should miss the train.
Inc:- Work hard lest you will fail.
Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
Avevit-
Inc:- Work hard lest you-----------should not fail.
Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
jÿ Kit GLv‡b long since Gi Av‡M adverb of time wnmv‡e e‡m‡Q|

12. AZxZKv‡ji m¤¢ebv cÖKvk Ki‡Z GiKg n‡Z nZ ev NUZ BZ¨vw` would have + verb Gi past participle eëüZ nq|
‡hgb-
If you had not helped me , I would have failed in the examination.
Zzwg hw` Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ bv Ki‡Z Zvn‡j Avwg cixÿvq †dj KiZvg|
13. AZxZKv‡ji ‡Kvb KvR N‡U‡Q Giæc wbðZ Abygvb eySv‡Z must have + verb Gi past participle eëüZ nq|
‡hgb-
He didn't go to school yesterday , He must have been ill.
‡m MZKvj ¯‥z‡j hvqwb, wbðq †m Amy¯’ _vK‡e|
14. ‡Kvb Kvgbv (wish, desire) eySv‡Z subject Gi Av‡M may e‡m | Ggb evK¨wU‡K e‡j optative sentence.
May you be happy - Zzwg myLx nI|
May Allah bless you -Avjøvn †Zvgvi g½j Kiæb|
15. As if, as though Øiv `yBwU clause hy³ n‡j cÖ_g wUi clause wUi verb present tense Gi n‡jI cie©Zx clause wUi
verb Gi past indefinite tense nq|
He talks as if he were (was bq) mad -‡m cvM‡ji gZ K_v e‡j|
He behaves as if he owned the house -‡m Ggbfv‡e K_v e‡j †hb †m evwowUi gvwjK|
Completing Sentence
(1bv¤^vi Kgb cv‡eb kZfvM wbwðZ _vKzb)
Rule 1: It is time + for + personal object + to + verb (present form) + ……….
Examples: It is time for us to attack the enemy.
It is time for them to start the work.
Rule 2: It is time + subject + verb (past form) + ………

Examples:It is time we went home.
It is time they earned their livelihood
Rule 3: Present Indefinite + as if/as though + past indefinite.

Examples:He tells the story as if he knew it.
He runs fast as though he were a mad man.
They donate money as if they were rich man.
Rule 4: Past Indefinite + as if/as though + past perfect.

Examples:Reyad told the story as if he had known it.
She proceeded as though I had not spoken.
Rule 5: If + Present Indefinite + future indefinite tense.

Examples:If it rains, we shall not go.
If he wants, I shall help him.
If you play in the rain, you will catch cold.
Rule 6: If + Past Indefinite + would/could + verb (present form).

Examples: If he came, I would go.
If they wanted, we would help him.
If I had a typewriter, I would type the letters.
Rule 7: If + Past Perfect + would have/could have + verb (past participle form).
Examples: If I had seen him, I could have told him the news.
If they had started earlier, they could have got the train.
If she had tried, she would have succeeded.
Rule 8: Had + Verb + Past Participle Form + would have/could have + verb (past participle form).
Examples: Had I seen him, I would have given him the news.
Had he wanted, they would have helped him.
Had I possessed a vast property, I would have established a college.
Rule 9: If + Subject + were + would + verb (present form).

Examples: If I were a king, I could help the poor.
If I were you, I would not do this.
Rule 10: Present/Future Indefinite Tense + when/after + present perfect.

Examples: You can go to sleep when, you have taken your dinner.
You will return me the book after, you have finished reading it.
He will swim after, he has changed his dress.
Rule 11: Would that/ I wish + were + ……

Examples:I wish I were a king.
Would that he were alive today.
Rule 12: Would you mind + verb(ing) + …….?

Examples:Would you mind taking a cup of tea?
Would you mind opening the door?
Rule 13: It is time + to + verb (present form) + ……….

Examples:It is time to start the work.
It is time to leave the place.
Rule 14: ……so much/many + …. + that + 1stsubject + can/cannot + …….
Examples:You have so much intelligence that you can get a job.
There are so many problems that I cannot solve them.
You have so much money that you can buy a ticket.
Rule 15: ……too + adjective + to + verb (present form).

Examples: The man is too old to work.
You are too short to touch the roof.
He is too dishonest to speak the truth.
Rule 16: ……too + adjective/adverb + for + personal object + to + verb (present form).
Examples: The load is too heavy for me to carry.
The problem was too hard for them to solve.
It is too interesting for us to overlook.
Rule 17: ……so + adjective/adverb + that + 1stsubject + cannot/could not + verb (present form).
Examples: The man was so ill that he could not move.
Many farmers are so poor that they cannot cultivate their land.
The sailors‘ throats were so dry that they could not speak.
Rule 18: ……so that + 1stsubject + can/could/may/might + verb (present form) + …………
Examples: The boy reads more so that he can make a good result.
We eat food so that we can get strength.
He works hard so that he can earn more money.
Rule 19: ……in order that + 1stsubject + can/could/may/might + verb (present form) + …………
Examples: He went to a shop in order that he could sell her shirt.
I saved some money in order that I could buy some books.
They came to me in order that they could see me personally.
Rule 20: ……lest + 1stsubject + should + verb (present form) + …………
Examples: He ran away lest he should be seen.
Read diligently lest you should fail in the examination.
He walked fast lest he should reach school in time.
Rule 21: ……would rather/sooner + verb + than + verb/noun.

Examples: I would rather die than beg.
He would rather drink tea than coffee.
Rule 22: ……had better + verb (present form) + ……….

Examples: I had better ring him at once.
You had better leave the place.
He had better go home.
Rule 23: ……how + to + verb (present form) + …..
Examples: He doesn‘t know how to play cricket.
They knew how to talk.
Do you know how to drink tea?
Rule 24: Without + verb(ing) + (meaningful negative sentence).

Examples : Without reading more you cannot pass.
Without taking physical exercise we cannot keep our body fit.
He will not be able to write well without writing much.
Rule 25: By + verb(ing) + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Examples:
By reading more we can learn more.
By drinking clean water you can keep your body fit.
We can get power by eating rice and bread.
Rule 26: ……provided/provided that/providing that/if + (meaningful sentence).

Examples: I will agree to go providing that my expenses are paid.
He will shine in life provided that he works hard.
Rule 27: ……since/as/because + (meaningful sentence).

Examples: As he behaved rough, he was punished.
Everybody loves him because, he is honest.
Crops did not grow well since there was drought.
Rule 28: ……though/although/in spite of/despite of + (alternative meaningful sentence).

Examples: Though he is poor, he is honest.
In spite of his poverty, he helps the poor.
Although he is rich, he does not help the poor.
Rule 29: ……unless/if…not + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Examples: Unless you read attentively, you will fail.
If you not start at once, you will miss the train.
Rule 30: ……instead of/in lieu of + (meaningful word or sentence).

Examples: Instead of history he took logic.
The boy bought pen instead of pencils.
He ate fish in lieu of meat.
Rule 31: ……because of/on account of/owing to/due to + (meaningful word or sentence).
Examples: Everybody loves him because of his honesty.
On account of his illness he could not go to the college.
The writer dared no drive due to fog.
Rule 32: ……no sooner…than/scarcely had…when/hardly had…when + past indefinite tense.

Examples: No sooner had I gone out than he came.
Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left.
Hardly had he reached the college when the examination began.
Rule 33: ……let alone + (meaningful word or phrase).

Examples: He cannot pass in third division, let alone first division.
I cannot swim a kilometer, let alone ten kilometers.
The old farmer cannot visit a small town, let alone a big town.
Rule 34: ……the place + where + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Examples: Jessore is the place where he was born.
A railway station is a place where trains stop.
Paris is the city where UNESCO headquarter is.
Rule 35: ……the time/year/day + when + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Examples: Saturday is the day when the week begins.
1971 is the year when Bangladesh became independent.
10 P. M. is the time when we go to bed.
Rule 36: ……that + (meaningful sentence).

Examples: I know that he is a doctor.
He knows that my address is Jashore.
Translation
English translation mvaviYZ Proverb †_‡KB cÖkœ Av‡m ZvB G¸‡jv c‡o ivLyb
PvKwii cixÿvq fxlY Kv‡R jvM‡e|
Abyev` gyjZ PPv©i Dci wbf©i K‡i|
| |
০০. । = Constant dripping wears out the stone.
০০. আ ন । = Every dog is a lion at home
০০. আ আ । = Extravagant hopes lead to complete disappointment.
০০. ন । = To dig one’s own grave
০০. ন ন । = Morning shows the day.
০০. ন ন । = Pearls before swine.
০০. । = Ill got, ill spent.
০০. ন । = If at first try you don’t succeed, try, try again!
০০. , । = Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
০০. ন ন । = Being unnecessarily flashy is pointless
০০. । = Using a thorn to remove a thorn.
০০. নন । = To add insult to injury.
০০. ন । = The fool strays from the safe path.
০০. , ন । = One’s harvest month, is another’s complete devastation.
০০. ন আ ন । = Misfortune never comes alon.
০০. আ ন । = Do not live above your means.
০০. ন = Necessity never makes a bargain
০০. ন । = Habit is the second nature.
০০. = It is hard to sit at Rome and strike with the Pope.
০০. ন ন আ ন = It is a pity, he is good for nothing.
০০. ন = Practice makes a man perfect..
০০. = A burnt child dreads the fire
০০. ন = A prophet is not honoured in his own country.
০০. ন = Even death is preferable to bondage.
০০. = He is wicked to the backbone.
০০. = Brothers will part.
০০. , ন। = You must not see things with half an eye.
০০. ন ন ন । = Good wine needs no bush.
০০. আ ন আ । = Out of sight, out of mind.
০০. । = To lock the stable when the mare is stolen.
০০. ন ন ন । = The devil would not listen to the scriptures.
০০. । = Birds of a feather flock together.
০০. আ ন। = Money begets money.
০০. , ন । = A guilty mind is always suspicious.
০০. । = To count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
০০. । = The very ruins of greatness are great.
০০. । = Between the devil and the deep sea.
০০. ন । = To break a butterfly on a wheel.
০০. । = To cherish a serpent in one’s bossom.
০০. ন = One swallow does not make a summer.
০০. ন = It takes two to make a quarrel.
০০. = All’s well that ends well.
০০. ন , ন = Out of debt, out of danger.
০০. ন = you will know now what’s what.
০০. ন ন = To strike the iron while it is hot.
০০. ন = What is sport to the cat is death to the rat.
০০. ন ন আ = Given the one, the other will follow.
০০. = Too much cunning over reaches itself.
০০. ন = Grasp all,lose all.
০০. = Look before you leap
০০. ন ন = Too many cooks spoil the broth
০০. = Too much courtesy, too much craft.
০০. ন = Necessity knows no law
০০. । = Pride goes before its fall.
০০. আ ন ন = Self preservation is the first law of nature.
০০. = Non-violence is a supreme virtue
০০. ন ন = Empty vessels sound much.
০০. আ = Cut your coat according to your cloth.
০০. আ = Interest is sweeter than principal.
০০. ন ন । = As you sow, so you reap.
০০. । = Honesty is the best policy.
০০. । = All’s well that ends well.
০০. । = Many a little makes a mickle.
০০. ন আ ন । = Misfortune never comes alone.
০০. ন ন । = Something is better than nothing.
০০. ন । = To err is human.
০০. । = A stitch in time save nine.
০০. ন ন ন ন । = A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
০০. ন ন । = Morning shows the day.
০০. আ । = Beggars must not be choosers.
০০. । = Tit for tat.
০০. ন ন। = Do or die.
০০. । = Like father, like son
০০. ন ন ন ন । = Many men, many minds.
০০ ন আ । = Necessity is the mother of invention.
০০. ন । = Barking dogs seldm bite.
০০. আ । = While there is life there is hope.
০০. ন । = One swallow doesn’t make a summer.
০০. আ ন। = Money begets money
০০. ন ন । = All that glitters is not gold.
০০. । = Might is right
০০. । = Where there is a will, there is a way.
০০. । = Birds of the same feather flock together.
০০. ।=
০০. আ ন । = Every one for himself.
০০. আ । = Cut your coat according to your cloth.
০০. ন । = Knowledge is power.
০০. । = Unity is strength.
০০. । = A little learning is a dangerous thing.
০০. । = A friend in need is a friend indeed.
০০. ন, ন। = Uni
ted we stand, divided we fail.
০০. ন, ন । = Waste not, want not.
০০. ন ন । = Empty vessel sounds much.
০০. আ ন । = Oil your own machine.
০০. ন ন । = No pains, no gains.
০০. ন । = Black will take no other hue.
০০. আ ন । = To the pure all things are pure.
০০. । = Example is better than precept.
০০. ন । = It takes two to make quarrel.
০০০. । = One doth the scathe, another hath the scorn.
VOICE CHANGE
(1bv¤^vi Kgb cv‡eb)
Voice
Active Voice Passive Voice
২- voice আ ন নআ ন ন।
Pjyb Voice change (A-Z)
---------------------------------------------
Voice : Voice , Voice ।
Voice : Voice । 1. Active Voice ( ) 2. Passive Voice ( )।
**1. Active Voice ( ): ন Sentence Subject ন ন ন
Active Voice ।
ন:
I eat rice.
He writes a letter.
**2. Passive Voice ( ): ন Sentence Subject ন ন
ন Passive Voice ।
ন:
Rice Is eaten by me.
A letter is written by him.
☝Rules of changing voice : Tense voice change tense Grammar
Rule 1:
a) Present indefinite tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + am/is/are + verb past participle form + by + subject object.
Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.
b) Present continuous tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + am being/is being/are being + verb past participle form + by + subject
object.
Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.
c) Present perfect tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + have been/ has been + verb past participle form + by + subject object.
Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.
Present perfect continious tense passive ন
d) Past indefinite tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + was/were + verb past participle form + by + subject object
Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by them.
e) Past continuous tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + was being/were being + verb past participle form + by + subject object.
Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: Rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.
f) Past perfect tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + had been + verb past participle form + by + subject object.
Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: We had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.
Past perfect continuous tense passive ন
g) Future indefinite tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure: Object subject + shall be/will be + verb past participle form + by + subject
object.
Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.
h) Future continuous tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + shall be being/will be being + verb past participle form + by + subject
object.
Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being played by them
i) Future perfect tense active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + shall have been /will have been + verb past participle form + by + subject
object.
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.
Rules of changing voice:
Rule 2:
May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to be + verb past
participle form + by + subject object.
Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.
Active: You must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: We ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: Our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: We are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.
Imperative_sentence
Rule 3:
Imperative sentence active voice passive voice Let আ ন -
A) verb active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Let + object subject + be + verb past participle form
Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: Shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.
glasses emoticon Do not active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Let not + object subject + be + verb past participle form
Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.
C) Let ন object (me, us, you, them, him, her) Imperative
sentence , active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Let + object subject + be + verb past participle form + by + object.
Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by him.
D) Never active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Let not + object subject + ever be + verb past participle form
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never do this.
Passive: Let not this ever be done.
E) verb ন object (me, us, you, them, him, her)
Imperative sentence , active voice passive voice ন -
Structure: Let + direct object ( verb object + be + verb past
participle form + for + object
Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: Let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.
#INTERROGATIVE_SENTENCE
Rule 4:
Interrogative sentence active voice passive voice ন -
A) Structure:
Interrogative sentence Assertive sentence ন + Assertive
sentence active voice passive voice + passive voice
auxiliary verb + । **** Tense ন ।
Example 1:
Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive : Has rice been eaten by you?
Example 2:
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive passive: A book is being read by him.
Passive : Is a book being read by him?
Example 3:
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: You played football.
Assertive passive: Football was played by you.
Passive : Was football played by you?
glasses emoticon Who active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Who By whom + tense person ন Auxiliary verb + object subject + ন
tense ন be/ being/ been + verb past participle form + ?.
Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: Who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?
C) Whom active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Whom who + tense person ন
Auxiliary verb + verb past participle form + by + subject object +?
Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?
D) What active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
What + tense person ন Auxiliary verb + verb past participle form + by + subject object
+?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
ন ন
Rule 5:
Subject + verb + object + present participle active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Object subject + tense person ন Auxiliary verb + verb past participle form + present
participle + by + subject object.
Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for a friend.
Passive: He was taken for a friend by me.
Rule 6:
Double object active voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
object ন subject (personal object subject )+
verb past participle form + tense person ন Auxiliary verb + object + by
+ active voice subject object ।
Active: I gave him a flower. Passive: He was given a flower by me. Active: He teaches us math.
Passive: we are taught English by him.
Rule 7:
Complex and compound sentence active voice passive voice ন -
Complex and compound sentence active voice clause voice
ন ।
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.
Note: Active voice “people say” It is said passive voice ।
Active: People say that the lion is the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the king of forest.
Rule 8:
Intransitive verb active voice passive voice ন -
ন Intransitive verb passive voice ন। Intransitive verb preposition
group verb ন Intransitive verb –
Structure: Object subject + tense ন Auxiliary verb + verb past participle form +
preposition + by + subject object।
Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: They looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.
Rule 9:
Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) active
voice passive voice ন -
Structure:
Active voice subject passive voice subject + tense person
ন Auxiliary verb + verb past participle form + by + Reflexive object ।
Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: You killed yourself.
Passive: You were killed by yourself.
Rule 10:
Factitive object/Complementary object active voice passive voice ন -
Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name transitive
verb ন। ন object
আন । object Factitive object/Complementary object ।
Structure:
ন object (me, us, you, them, him, her) object subject । + tense person ন
Auxiliary verb + verb past participle form + Factitive object + by + subject object।
Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: We call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us
Av‡iv wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Voice †Ìqv n‡jv|
Active: we had dug the cannel. Active: What do you want ?

Passive: The cannel had been dug by us. Passive: What is wanted by you ?
Active: I saw him playing cricket.

Active: They will play football.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Passive: Football will be played by them.
Active: I gave him a flower.
Active: I will be eating rice. Passive: He was given a flower by me.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me. Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.

Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them. Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: we are going to open a shop.

Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us. Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: shut the window.

Passive: Let not the window be shut. Active: you agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.
Active: Let me play football.

Active: one should take care of one‘s education.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: who will help me ?
Passive: By whom will I be helped ?
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.
Active: Did you play football?

Passive: Was football played by you?
Narration †kLvi mnR wbqg
G¸‡jv ‡ewk g‡b n‡j weMZ mv‡ji cÖkœ ¸‡jv †ewk †ewk PPv© Kiæb|
e³v hvnv e‡j ZvnvB ev narration Dw³ |
Narration `yB cÖKvit

1. Direct Narration
2. Indirect Narration
Direct Narrationt hLb †Kvb K_v †K cwieZ©b bv K‡i AweKj †m fvlvB e¨vL¨v Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Direct Narration e‡j| Bnv‡K inverted commas Gi g‡a¨
ivLv nq|
Indirect Narration Gi wfZ‡ii Ask e³v Zvi e³e¨ D×…wZ K‡i Avi G‡K Reported Speech e‡j| e³vi e³‡e¨ evB‡ii verb †K reporting verb e‡j|
Indirect Narration-hLb †Kvb K_v †K cwieZ©b K‡i †m fvlv e¨³ Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Indirect Narration e‡j|
Narration-co‡Z n‡j Rvb‡Z n‡e|

1. Sentence-‡Pbvi Dcvq|
2. Sentence-Gi cwieZ©b|
3. Person- Gi cwieZ©b|
4. Verb -Gi cwieZ©b|
1. Sentence-‡Pbvi Dcvq|
1. Assertive = Subject cÖ_‡g _vK‡j|
‡hgbt Tanvir Anam is my son.
2.Interrogative = Wh Question +Auxiliary Verb A_ev Auxiliary Verb cÖ_‡g _vK‡j ‡k‡l ?
‡hgbt Where are you going ? Are you eating?
3.Imperative = Present Form, Don't/Never+Present Form, Please,Kindly,Let।

‡hgbt See it. Don't call there. Please sit down.
4.Optative =MaycÖ_‡g _vK‡j।‡k‡l Full Stop.

‡hgbt May you live long.
5.Exclamatory = What a/an,How+adjective,Hurrah,Alas BZ¨vw` _vK‡j|‡k‡l!
‡hgbt-What a fine boy you are!

Said to-----Comma.
1.Assertive = told-----that
2.Interrogative = asked----if/wh question
3.Imperative = present form n‡j ordered ---to
don't/never n‡j prohibited--- not to
please/kindly n‡j requested---to
Dc‡`k n‡j advised---to
Let _vK‡j proposed to---that (might)
4.Optative = wished/prayed---that
5. Exclamatory = exclaimed with joy---that
exclaimed with sorrow---that
**3. Person-Gi cwieZ©b|
First Person - Reporting Verb Gi Subject Abymv‡i| (I, me, my, we, us, our)
Second Person- Reporting Verb Gi Object Abymv‡i| (You, your)
Third Person- cwieZ©b †bB|
***4. Verb-Gi cwieZ©b|

Present form n‡j Past form Past form—had + vpp
am, is, are-- was, were
was, were--had been
can --could
may --might
shall --should
will--would
must--had to
did--had-c‡ii verb- wU VPP
do/does cÖ‡kœi mgq D‡V hvq|
cwieZ©b nq bv |
would, could, should, might
For example--
Direct: Kabir said to shawan" I write a letter."
Indirect:kabir told shawan that he wrote a letter.
1. Sentence ‡Pbvi Dcvq= Sentence wU assertive

2. Sentence Gi cwieZ©b= told--that.
3. Verb Gi cwieZ©b= I first person Subject kabir ZvB he n‡q‡Q
wet`ªt said (past tense) Gi ¯’v‡b say/shall, will (present/future) n‡j 4 bs Verb Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv
For example
Direct: Kabir says to Shawan, ÒI write a letter.‖
Indirect: Kabir tells Shawan that he writes a letter.
Rules on passage narration
Rule-1: Reported speech-Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv e¨vw³ ev cÖvYxi bvg a‡i WvKvi eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv reporting verbGi mv‡½ mshy³ n‡e|
†hgbt-
a. He said, Sheba, do not quarrel. "
Answer: He forbade Sheba to quarrel.
b. They said, "Heru, you will attend the meeting. "
Answer: They said to Heru that he would attend the meeting.
―
c. Kamal said, Nizam, do you know me? ‖
Answer: Kamal asked Nizam if he knew him.
d. Where did you go yesterday, Shuli ? ― said Apu.
Answer: Apu asked Shuli where she had gone the previous day.
―
e. She said, Will you go to college, Apurba? ‖
Answer: She asked Apurba if he would go to college.
a. I said―Riku, you will come to Dhaka tomorrow with your friend . ‖
b. Sumon said, ―You did not do well in the examination, Razib ‖.
c. The teacher said, ―Hassan, you must buy new English book as early as possible ”.
d. The mistress of the house said, ‟You need not come here tomorrow, Shuvo ”.
e. She said. ―Nipa, you are a very good, sincere and hardworking girl ”.
Rule-2: Reporting verb-wU gv‡S ev †k‡l _vK‡jI indirect Kivi mgq Zv‡K sentence-Gi ïiæ‡Z wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
‡hgbt-
― ―
a. You look a little bit like my mother ”, Jerry said to the authoress, Especially in the dark by the fire” .
Answer: Jerry said to the authoress that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire.
― ―
b. Follow my example, ” she said to me, and never eat more than one thing for luncheon” .
Answer: She advised me to follow her example and never to eat more than one thing for luncheon.
― ―
c. I have made a terrible mistake, ” said the man, I have forgotten to pay my exam fee ”.
Answer: The man said that he had made a terrible mistake and added that he had forgotten to pay his exam fee.
― ―
d. You will come to college regularly, ” the teacher said to the students, otherwise, you will not understand it ” .
Answer: The teacher said to the students that they would go to college regularly, otherwise, they would not
understand it. Try yourself
―
a. You have to read English more and more, ” the teacher said to the students,
b. ―Otherwise, you will not cut a good figure in English”.
c. ―Nazrul is not only the national poet of Bangladesh, ” father said to his son, ―But also a rebel poet”.
d. ―Most of the students of our college are weak in English, ” she said, ― they are not sincere enough in English”.
Rule-3: ci ci `ywU Dw³ _vK‡j also said/and added/also asked nq| wKš‘ ৩ wU Dw³ _vK‡j also added /further added/again said
BZ¨vw` eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
†hgbt-
―
a. Jerry said, I can chop some wood today. I shall come again tomorrow”.
Answer: Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day and added that he would go again the next day.
b. She said to me, ―What is your name. Where do you live? ”
Answer: She asked me what my name was and also asked where I lived.
c. He said to us, ―I came here yesterday. I will go to Sirajgonj tomorrow”.

Answer: He said to us that he had gone there the previous day and added that he would go to Sirajgonj the next day.
―
d. The man said to me, I will come here tomorrow. I will finish this work as soon as possible ” .
Answer: The man said to me that he would go there the next day and added that he would finish that work assoon as possible.
Rule-4: Yes/no _vK‡j h_vµ‡g replied in the affirmative that Ges replied in the negative that eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
†hgbt-
―
a. Yes, I have finished reading the book, ” I replied.
Answer: I replied in the affirmative that I had finished reading the book.
―
b. She said, No, I have not seen him today” .
Answer: She replied in the negative that she had not seen him that day.
c. Jhumu said to Mitu, ―Are you going to Pabna tomorrow? ” ―No, I have changed my decision, ” said Mitu.
Answer: Jhumu asked Mitu if she was going to Pabna the next day. Mitu replied in the negative that she had changed her
decision.
―
d. The man said to his son, Are you ill” ―
No, I am not ill, ” replied the son.
Answer: The man asked his son if he was ill. The son replied in the negative that he was not ill.
Rule-5: Sir/Madam-_vK‡j respectfully eënvi Ki‡Z nq|

‡hgbt-:
― ― ―
a. Yes, sir, she replied, I have done my duty”
Answer: She respectfully replied in the affirmative that she had done her duty. b. Looking at my
hands the beggar said, ‟Madam, please give me your cardigan” .

Answer: Looking at my hands the beggar respectfully requested me to give him my cardigan. c. The student
―
replied, No, I have not learnt my lessons today, Sir. ” .
Answer: The student respectfully replied in the negative that he had not learnt his lessons that day. d. The man said,
‟Yes, Madam, I have completed the work” .

Answer: The man respectfully replied in the affirmative that he had completed the work.
Rule-6: hw` KvD‡K address Kiv nq Z‡e addressing as brother/sister/friend w`‡q ïiæ Ki‡Z nq |
†hgbt-
a. ‟Are you hungry, brothers? ” said the wise king.
Answer: Addressing as brother the wise king asked if they were hungry.
―
b. The captain said, My friends, be always ready to face our enemy” .
Answer: Addressing as friend the captain ordered them to be always ready to face their enemy.
―
c. Dear friends, the patriot said, Listen to me” .
Answer: Addressing as dear friend the patriot advised to listen to him.
Rule-7: by Allah/by God BZ¨vw` _vK‡j swearing by Allah/swearing by God BZ¨vw` eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
‡hgbt-
― ―
a. By Allah, ” he replied, I will not leave this house” .
Answer: Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not leave that house.
― ―
b. By God, ” she replied, I will not go to London” .
Answer: Swearing by God she replied that she would not go to London.
― ―
c. By Allah, ” we will play in this field, the boys said.
Answer: Swearing by Allah the boys said that they would play in that field.
d. She said, ‟By Jove, I will come here tomorrow” .

Answer: Swearing by Jove she said that she would go there the next day.
Rule-8: Present participle- AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq ïiæ‡Z e‡m|

†hgbt-
―
a. Are you brothers? ” asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.
Answer: Turning to the dervishes the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.
―
b. Why have you come here? ” said Mr. Kamal turning to the stranger.
Answer: Turning to the stranger Mr. Kamal asked why he had gone there
―
c. Why have you not learnt your lessons? ” the teacher asked the students coming to the class.
Answer: Coming to the class the teacher asked the students why they have not learnt their lessons.
RULES OF CHANGING NARRATION
ACCORDING TO TENSE
(1 bv¤^vi Kgb cv‡eb)
a). Direct speech Gi reporting verb present tense, present perfect tense, Future TenseGi n‡j Reported SpeechGi verb Gi tense Gi †Kvb
cwieZ©b nq bv| person cwieZ©b nq|
Direct: He says, ―I am ill.‖

Indirect: He says that he is ill.
b). Reporting verb wU past tense n‡j Reported speech Gi verb cwieZ©b n‡q Corresponding past tense nq|
Note: Direct Speech ‡_‡K Indirect Speech G Kivi wbqg wb‡P †`Lv‡bv njt-
Direct Speech
Present Indefinite Tense
He said, ―I write a letter.‖ He said that he wrote a letter.
Present Continuous Tense
He said, ―I am reading.‖ He said that he was reading
Present Perfect Tense
She said, ―I have done my duty. She said that she had done her duty Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
They said, ―We have been working for two hours.‖ They said that they had been working for two hours . Past Indefinite
Tense
He said, ―I wrote a letter.‖ He said that he had written a letter.
Past Continuous Tense
Molly said, ―I was reading.‖ Molly said that she had been reading.
Past Perfect Tence
Bellal said ti me,―you had eaten‖ Bellal said to me that I had eaten.
Future Tense
She said to me,―I shall help you.‖ She said that she would help me
According to Modal Verb:

Direct ---Indirect
1. ‗will‘-Rita said to me, ―You will go home tomorrow.‖
2. ‗would‘ Rita said to me that I would go home next day.
3. ‗Shall‘-Refat said, ―I shall do the work.‖
4. ‗Should‘-Refat said that she would to the work.
5. ‗Can‘-He said, ―I can finish the work.‖
6. ‗Could‘-He said that he could finish the work.
7. ‗May‘-Pritam said, ―I may go to school‖.
8. ‗Might‘-Pritam said that he might go to school.
‗Wish,‘ would, rather, sooner, it is high time Gi ci unreal past tense AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
Direct: He said, ―It is time we left the place.‖

Indirect: He said that it was time they left the place.
Indirect speech G ―had better‖ 1st person Ges third person Gi mwnZ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| wKš‘ second person-Gi mwnZ had better AcwiewZ©Z
_vK‡Z cv‡i A_ev wb¤œwjwLZ Dcv‡q cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i|
Direct: He said to me, ―You had better go‖.

Indirect: He said to me that i had better go.
might, ought to, should, would, used to, indirect speech G AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
Direct: I said to him, ― You might go‖.
Indirect: I said to him that he might go.
If i were you, I should/would Øviv Dc‡`k eySv‡j indirect Kivi mgq subject+advise+object+to+reported speech Gi verb
e‡m|
Direct: I said to him, ― If i were you, i should wait ‖.
Indirect: I advised him to want.
According to Person:
Reported speech-Gi AšÍi MZ First Person me©`v Reporting verb Gi Subject Gi person Abyhvqx cwieZ©b nq|
Direct: He said to me,― I had done my duty‖.
Indirect: He said to me that he had done his duty.
Reported Speech - Gi AšÍi MZ Second person me©`v Reporting verb -Gi object- Gi person Abyhvqx cwieZ©b nq|
Direct: He said to me, ―you have done your duty‖.
Indirect: He said to me that I have done my duty.
Reported Speech - Gi AšÍi MZ Third Person Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|

Direct: I said to you, ― He has done his duty‖.
Indirect: I said to you that he had done his duty.
Exceptional:
We-Øviv gvbe RvwZ eySv‡j first person nIqv m‡Ë I indirect speech G Zvi cwieZ©b nq bv |
Direct: The teacher said, ― We are mortal,‖
Indirect: The teacher said that we are mortal.
Prepositions
(1 bv¤^vi Kgb Avm‡e)
Abide by (‡g‡b Pjv)
Abhorred to (N„Y¨) Compare to (wfbœ wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Kiv)
Abound in (‡Kv‡bv wKQz Øviv cwic~Y© nIqv) Compatible with (mvgÄm¨c~Y©)
Abound with (‡Kv‡bv wKQz Øviv cwic~Y© nIqv) Compensate for (ÿwZc~iY †`qv)
Absent from (Abycw¯’Z) Complain about (‡Kv‡bv wel‡q bvwjk Kiv)
Absorbed in (wbgMœ) Complain about (‡Kv‡bv wel‡q bvwjk Kiv)
Abstain from (weiZ _vKv) Comply with (m¤§Z nIqv)
Accede to (m¤§Z nIqv) Concerned for (DwØMœ)
Acceptable to (MÖnY‡hvM¨) Concern with (RwoZ _vKv)
Access to (cÖ‡ekvwaKvi) Condemn to (`Ð †`qv)
According to (Abymv‡i) Conducive to (DcKvix)
Account with (wnmve) Confidence in (AvZ¥wek¦vm)
Account for (Revew`wn Kiv) Confident of (Avkvev`x)
Accused of (Awfhy³) Conform to (AbymiY Kiv)
Acquit of (Ae¨vnwZ †`qv) Contemporary of (mgmvgwqK)
Adapt to (Lvc LvIqv‡bv) Contrary to (wecixZ)
Addicted to (Avmw³) Contribution to (Ae`vb)
Adhere to (‡j‡M _vKv, AUj _vKv) Control over (`Lj)
Adjacent to (mwbœwnZ) Convinced of (Avk¦¯Í)
Admit of (AeKvk _vKv) Cope with (Gu‡U IVv, †c‡i IVv)
Afraid of (fxZ) Count on (wbf©i, wek¦vm Kiv)
Agree with (e¨w³i mv‡_ GKgZ nIqv) Creep up (e„w× cvIqv)
Akin to (mgRvZxq) Cruise for (Awfkvc †`qv)
Aim at (jÿ Kiv) Deal in (‡Kv‡bv wKQzi eëmv Kiv)
Alive to (mRvM) Deal with (Kv‡iv mv‡_ AvPiY Kiv)
Allergic to (fxlY AcQ›`bxq) Decide on (wm×všÍ †bqv)
Alteruative to (weKí) Delegate to (cÖwZwbwa)
Amenable to (eva¨) Depend on (wbf©i Kiv)
Angry for (‡Kv‡bv Kv‡R ivMvwš^Z nIqv) Depend upon (wbwðZ _vKv, Av¯’v ivLv)
Angry with (Kv‡iv mv‡_ ivMvwš^Z) Deprive of (ewÂZ)
Annoy with, for (‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQzi Rb¨ wei³ nIqv) Derive from (DrmvwiZ nIqv)
Antipathy to/towards (N„Yv) Descend on (AvµgY Kiv)
Anxious about (‡Kv‡bv wKQzi e¨vcv‡i wPwšÍZ) Destitute of (weewR©Z)
Anxious for (Kv‡ivi e¨vcv‡i wPwšÍZ) Detrimental to (ÿwZKi)
Apart from (e¨ZxZ, Qvov) Devoid of (wenxb, ewR©Z)
Apathy towards (AbvMÖn) Devote to (DrmM© Kiv)
Apology to (‡Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y ÿgZv PvIqv) Die by (‡Kvb wKQz Øviv gviv hvIqv)
Appeal to, for (‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv wKQzi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Kiv) Die for (Rxeb DrmM© Kiv)
Appetite for (ÿzav) Die from (‡Kvb wKQzi Rb¨ gviv hvIqv)
Apply for (Av‡e`b Kiv) Die of (‡iv‡M giv)
Appointment with (mvÿv‡Zi mgq) Differ from (wfbœ nIqv)
Aptitude for (‡hvM¨Zv) Differ with (g‡Zi Awgj nIqv)
Argue against (wec‡ÿ ejv) Different from (Avjv`v nIqv)
Argue over (‡Kvb wel‡q ZK© Kiv) Difficulty in (mgm¨v)
Arrive at (‡c․Qv‡bv) Disappointed at (nZvk)
Ascend from (Dc‡i IVv) Discourrage from (wbiærmvwnZ Kiv)
Ashamed of (jw¾Z) Dispense with (‡Kvb wKQz Qvov Pj‡Z cviv)
Ask about (KvD‡K †LuvR Kiv) Distinguish between (cv_©K¨ Kiv)
Asked for (‡Kv‡bv wKQz PvIqv) Divide among (A‡b‡Ki gv‡S eÈb Kiv)
Assured of (Avk¦¯Í) Divide between (`yB‡qi gv‡S eÈb Kiv)
At lunch (`ycy‡ii Lvev‡i) Divisions among (wefw³, we‡f`)
At stake (SuywK, wecbœ) Dressed in (mw¾Z, cwiwnZ)
At the bottom (wb‡P) Drop to (wb‡P bvgv‡bv)
At the fork (iv¯Ívi †gv‡o) Dull of (ewai, Kv‡b bv †kvbv)
At the sight of (`k©‡b) Dwell upon (Av‡jvPbv Kiv)
At the weekend (mßvnv‡šÍ, QzwUi w`‡b) Easy of (mij)
Attend on (‡mev Kiv) Effect of (cÖfve)
Attend to (g‡bv‡hvM †`qv) Eligible for (‡hvM¨)
Authority over (KZ©„Z)¡ End in (‡kl nIqv)
Averse to (wegyL) Enter into (Ave× nIqv)
Aware of (mZK©, m‡PZb) Entrust with (‡Kv‡bv wKQz Øviv KvD‡K wek¦vm Kiv)
Bad at (A`ÿ) Envious of (Cl©vwš^Z)
Good at (`ÿ) Equal to (‡hvM¨, mgvb)
Believe in (Aw¯Í‡Z¡ wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv) Essential to (AZ¨vek¨K)
Below poverty line (`vwi`ª mxgvi wb‡P) Exclude from (ev` †`qv)
Beneficial to (DcKvix) Exempt from (KvD‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz †_‡K Ae¨nwZ †`qv)
Bent on (msKíe×) Excel in (`ÿ)
Bias against (wec‡ÿ) Experience in (AwfÁZv)
Bias towards (c‡ÿ) Faced with (m¤§yLxb nIqv)
Blind of (AÜ) Fail in (e¨_© nIqv)
Blind to (D`vmxb) Faith in (wek¦vm)
Boast of (Me© Kiv) Fantasize about (Kíbv Kiv)
Break in (K_vi gv‡S K_v ejv) Fatigued by (K¬všÍ)
Breakdown of (we¯ÍvwiZ wnmve) Fed up with (wei³)
Bridge over (‡mZz) Feed on (‡L‡q euvPv)
Brood over (wPšÍv Kiv) Feed with (‡Kv‡bv wKQz LvIqv‡bv)
Burdened with (fvivµvšÍ) Fond of (wcÖq)
Business with (eëmv, KvR) Free from (gy³)
By heart (gyL¯’) Genius for (`ÿZv)
Care for (MÖvn¨ Kiv) Get into (wg‡k hvIqv)
Care of (hZœ †bqv) Give in (‡g‡b †bIqv)
Cast aside (Quy‡o †djv) Go down (Wz‡e hvIqv)
Catch at (AvK‡o aiv) Good at (`ÿ)
Cause for (KviY) Guilty of (Acivax)
Change into (cwiewZ©Z nIqv) Hanker after ( AvKv•Lv Kiv)
Charge with (Awfhy³ Kiv) Hinge on (wbf©i Kiv)
Coincide with (GKB mv‡_ NUv) Hit upon (cwiKíbv)
Combination of (mgš^q) Ignorant of (AÁ)
Come from (‡Kv‡bv RvqMv †_‡K Avmv) Important for (¸iæZ¡c~Y©)
Come of (‡Kv‡bv cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY Kiv) Importance of (¸iæZ¡)
Incentive to (Drmvn`vqK) Imposed on (Av‡ivwcZ)
Indebted to (‡Kv‡bv wRwb‡mi Rb¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q FYx _vKv) Impute to (Ab¨vqfv‡e `vqx Kiv)
Unsure of (AwbwðZ) Incapable of (Aÿg)
Urge (Avnevb Rvbv‡bv)
Valid for (‣ea)
Walk up (GwM‡q hvIqv)
Wander about (Nyivwdiv Kiv)
Want in (NvUwZ nIqv)
Welcome to (¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv)
Wish for (cÖZ¨vkv Kiv)
With a view to (D‡Ï‡k¨)
Work for (Kv‡iv Rb¨ KvR Kiv)
Work with Kv‡iv mv‡_ KvR Kiv)
Yield to (bwZ ¯^xKvi Kiv)
Idioms and Phrases
41.Give in-ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Kiv
1.ABC-cÖv_wgK Ávb 42.Half a chance-mvgvbœ my‡hvM
2.All in-cwikÖvšÍ 43.Hand in glove-Nwbó
3.A round dozen-c~Y© WRb ev 12 wU 44.Hold wate-cixÿvq wU‡K _vKv
4.An apple of discord-weev‡ì welq 45.Heart and soul-mev©šK Í i‡Y
5.As though-‡hb 46.In cold blood-_vÛv gv_vq
6.At a loss-nZeyw× 47.In case-hw`
7.A castle in the air-AvKvkKzmyg Kíbv 48.In addition to-AwaKšÍ
8.A man of letters-cwÛZ e¨vw³ 49.In order that
9.A man of straw-`ye©jwP‡Ëi †jvK 50.In black and white
10.A square pig in a round whole-Abychy³ 49.In order that-hv‡Z
11.After ones own heart-g‡bi g‡Zv 50.In black and white-wjwLZfv‡e
12.An axe to grind-m¤ú„³vi e¨vw³MZ KviY 51.Kith and kin-AvZ¥xq
13.At arms length-wbivc` `~išÍ 52.Look forward to-fv‡jv wKQz Avkv Kiv
14.Benefit of the doubt-m‡›`nvemi 53.Let loose-eêvnxbfv‡e †Q‡o †Ìqv
15.Buring question-¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq 54.Make a case-hyw³ †`Lv‡bv
55.Make hay while the sun shines-‡Svc ey‡S †Kvc gviv
16.By dint of-e‡`Šj‡Z
56.Maiden speech-cÖ_g e³…Zv
17.By fits and starts-AwbqwgZfv‡e
57.Make up one’s mind-gbw¯’i Kiv
18.Bring to pass-‡Kvb wKQz NUv
58.Make good-ÿwZc~iY Kiv
19.Bolt from the blue-webv †g‡N eRªcvZ
59.Null and void-evwZj
20.Bottom line-me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq
60.Out of the question-Am¤¢e
21.Black and blue-wbg©gfv‡e
61.Out and out-¯§c~Y©iæ‡c
22.Black sheep-Kzjv½vi
62.Open secret-‡h †Mvcb me©Rb wew`Z
23. Cry in the wilderness-Ai‡Y¨ †iv`b
63.Pick a quarrel with-SMov evav‡bv
24.Call to mind-¯§ib Kiv
64.Pros and cons-LywUbvwU
25.Come to terms-HKg‡Zv †cŠQv
65. Put heads together-GKgZ nIqv
26.Cast aside-evwZj Kiv
66.Pass away-gviv hvIqv
27.Draw the line-mxgv‡iLv wbav©iY Kiv
67.Put up with-mn¨ Kiv
28.Dilly dally-mgq AcPq
68.Raise one’s eyebrow-‡PvL Kcv‡j IVv,wew¯§Z nIqv
29.DOG days-me‡P‡q Mi‡gi w`b
69.Red handed-nv‡Z bv‡Z
30.Day after day-w`‡bi ci w`b
70.Rank and file-mvaviY •mwbK
31.Down to earth-ev¯ÍweK
71.Spare on pains-h_vmva¨ me wKQz
32.Eat humble pie-Acgvb nRg K‡i ÿgv PvIqv
72.Swan song-‡kl Kg©
33. End in smoke-e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nIqv
73.Soft soap-‡Zvlv‡gv` Kiv
34.Few and far between-K`vwPZ
74.Sorry figure-K…wZZ¡ †`Lv‡Z bv cviv
35.Flesh and blood-i³gvs‡mi †`n
75.Tell upon-ÿwZ Kiv
36.For good-¯’vqxfv‡e
76.Three score-lvU
37.Fools paradise-‡evKvi ¯^M©
77.Through and through –mg¨Kfv‡e
38.Fresh blood-bZyb mf¨
78.To smell a rat-m‡›`n Kiv
39.Gift of the gab-evwMœZv
79.Take a fancy to-fv‡jv jvMv
40.Get along-Kv‡iv mv‡_ mym¤úK© _vKv
80.Take into account-we‡ePbv Kiv
IMPORTANT SYNONYM AND ANTONYM
SYNONYM
Appall – (g©gvnZ Kiv/AvZswKZ Kiv)-dismay-AvZswKZ KivFranchise –(‡fvUvwaKvi) privilege- bvMiwiK AwaKvi() Appended
-‡hvMKiv joined-(‡hvMKiv, 37 Zg wewm Gm)Alluring –(‡jvfbxq)-----tempting-(cÖjyä,37 Zg)----proviso( kZ©)---Stipulation
(cb/kZ©, 37 Zg )---venerate (m¤§vb Kiv )---Respect (m¤§vb Kiv,36 Zg)---Initiative(Aviv¤¢)---enterprise( bZzb K‡i kiæ ,35
Zg)---Exponentialy (`ªyZ MwZ‡Z evov)---Rapidly( `ªyZ MwZ‡Z evov,35 Zg)---periphery(‡kl mxgvbv---Marginal areas ‡kl
mxgvbv35 Zg)Authoritarian( ‣¯îkvmK)---Autocratic( ‣¯îvPvix,31 Zg)---permissive(¯^vaxb‡PZv)---(liberal ¯^vaxb‡PZv,32
Zg)---succumb `vwLj Kiv)---submit( `vwLj Kiv,33Zg )---Extempore (c~e©cª¯w‘ Znxb)---Impromptu( c~e© cÖ¯w‘ Znxb, 32 Zg)---
Menacing( f…wZKi)---Alarming --f„wZKi, 32 Zg I Dc‡Rjv _vbv mycvifvBRvi:2015---Courteous (f`ª)--- gracious (f`ª, 32
Zg)---Sporadic wewÿß---scattered (wewÿß,31 Zg)---Omnipotent (me©kw³gvb)---Supreme (me©kw³gvb,31 Zg)---Room---
Space 31 Zg ---Condemn wb›`v Kiv)---Denounce wb›`v Kviv 31 Zg---Improvement (AMÖMwZ)---Betterment Dbœqb,31 Zg)-
--pragmatic cÖv‡qvwMK---practical cÖv‡qvwMK,29Zg---precedence AMÖvwaKvi---priority AMÖvwaKvi,29 Zg---
Disinterestedwbi‡cÿ---Neutral wbi‡cÿ,29 Zg---Bounty gnZ¡---generosity gnZ¡,27 Zg---Obese ¯’zjKvq---very fat
¯’zjKvq,27 Zg---Magnanimous gnvbyfe---generous gnvbyfe, 26 Zg---Obdurant Aeva¨---Stuborn Aeva¨,28 Zg---Gullible
wek¦vm cÖeb---willing to believe Anyone Abvqv‡m ‡Kvb wKQz‡Z wek¦vm Kiv [evwZjK…Z 28 Zg] Viable A_© Kivi ‡hvM¨---that can
be done [24Zg evwZjK…Z]---Handy DcKvix---Useful DcKvix,[24 Zg evwZiK…Z]--- Resentment ivM---indignation‡µva,[23
Zg]---Cohesive`„pfv‡e †j‡M _v‡K Ggb ---Stick together ‡j‡M _vKv[20 Zg]--- Infringe f½ Kiv----Transgress....f½ Kiv [18
Zg]---Brochure ‡QvU cyw¯ÍKv---pamphlet ‡QvU cyw¯ÍKv [18 Zg]---Equivocal A¯úó---Mistaken fªvšÍ [18 Zg]---Illusive
AjxK/Aev¯Íe---Not certain AwbðZ [18 Zg]---Efface gy‡Q‡djv--- Rub out ....gy‡Q‡djv [17 Zg]---Intellectual
eyw×Rxex---intelligent ‡gavex [16 Zg]---Wisdom ...k‡ãi evsjv A_© cÖÁv---Intrepid mvnmx---fearless wbf©xK [95 Zg] ---
Bootleg... Smuggle ‡PvivPvjvb Kiv [15 Zg] ---Incredible.....Awek¦vm¨---Unbelievable we¯§qKi [15 Zg]---scuttle...cwiZ¨vM
Kiv---Obscure... cwiZ¨vM Kiv [13 Zg]---belated axi MwZ m¤úbœ--- tardy axi MwZ‡Z P‡j GiKg [13 Zg] ---Sequences Abyµg--
-to follow Aby¯îb Kiv [13 Zg]--- Competent mÿg---capable mÿg [13 Zg]---Jovial Avgy‡`---Gay nvwmLywm [10 Zg]--- Incite
‡Lcv‡bv--- Instigate ‡Lcv‡bv [11 Zg]---Delude cÖZvwiZ Kiv---Deceive cÖZvibv Kiv [12Zg]--- in offensive expression
myfvlb---euphemism myfvlb [13 Zg]
Antonyms
Dearth-¯^íZv [40Zg] ---Abundance-cÖvPyh© FrugalwgZe¨qx---Extravagant AmshZ---Honorable A‣eZwbK ---Salaried

‡eZbfz³ [11Zg]---Gentle f`ª---Rude Af`ª [11 Zg] ---Supercilious AnsKvix---affable eÜzZ¡c~Y© [41 Zg] ---Indifference
Abxnv---ardor Drmvn---Animated cÖvbešÍ [17 Zg]---Inimical kÎæfvevcbœ---Friendly eÜzfvevcbœ [17 Zg]Recaitrant Aeva¨---
Compliant f`ª---Liability `vq---assets m¤ú` [31 Zg]---Hate N„bv Kiv---Admire...cÖmsmv Kiv [31 Zg]--- Repeal evwZj Kiv--
-Enact AvB‡b cwibZ Kiv [31 Zg] ---Equity b¨vqcivqbZv---Bias cÿcvZ---Oblige eva¨ Kiv ---Bother wei³Kiv---Cynical
‣bivkëv`x---GullibleAwZwek¦vm cÖeY [32 Zg]---Initiative cÖviv¤¢---apathy [Abxnv 36 Zg] ---transitory ÿb¯’vqx---
permanent.... ---
SYNONYM AND ANTONYM
*The synonym of the word ‗Witty‘ is-
Ans: clever ROOT WORD---------------SYNONYM
* The synonym of the word ‗cordial‘ is-
1) Flimsy (cvZiv) --------- Brittle
Ans: amiable 2) Frugal. (wgZe¨qx) --------- Economical
*The synonym of the word ‗ability‘ is- 3) Gallant. (mvnmx) --------- Brave
Ans: capability 4) Gory (i³v³) --------- Blood -

Curdling
* The synonym of the word ‗call‘ 5) Gross (‡gvU) --------- Massive
6) Handle (cwiPvjbv Kiv) --------- Manipulate
is-Ans: summon
7) Handy (myweavRbK) --------- Useful
*The synonym of the word ‗scream‘ is- 8) Hindrance (evuav) --------- Barrier
Ans: yell 9) Huge. (wekvj) --------- Massive
*Find out the correct synonym of ‗hazard‘ 10) Illusive (AjxK) --------- Deceptive
11) Imbibe (cvb Kiv) --------- To Drink
Ans: Danger 12) Inept (A‡hvM¨) --------- Clumsy
13) Jovial. (Avgy‡`) --------- Happy
*The synonym of the word ‗increase‘ is-
14) Keen (AvMÖnx) --------- Eager
Ans: augment
*The word ‗usual‘ is the synonym of-
ROOT WORD---------------ANTONYM
Ans: normal
*The antonym of the word ‗adverse‘ is- 15) Oblige --------- Censure
Ans: favourable 16) Cynical --------- Liberal
17) Repeal --------- Enact
*The antonym of the word ‗flexible‘ is- 18) Equity Bias
---------
Ans; hard 19) Hate --------- Admire
*Which is the antonym of ‗handsome‘? 20) Inimical --------- Friendly
21) Sluggish --------- Animated
Ans: ugly 22) Indifference Concern
---------
*The antonym of the word ‗liberty is‘- 23) Liability- --------- Assets
24) Recalcitrant --------- Compliant
Ans: bondage
25) Illusive --------- Not deceptive
*The antonym of the word ‘alien‘ is- 26) Equivocal --------- Clear
Ans: native 27) Famous --------- Obscure
28) Supercilious --------- Affable
29) Pernicious --------- Innocuous
30) Queer --------- Orderly
31) Honorary --------- Salaried
Correctly spelt
(GB UwcK †_‡K 1 bv¤^vi Avm‡Z cv‡i)
1. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb?
a. Infiuenja a. Infiuenja
c. Tremendous c. Tremendouc Ans:c
2. Select the correctly spelt word.
a. Ascement b. Assesment
c. Asessment d. Assessment Ans:d
a. Addultration b.Adultration
c. Adulteration d. Addulteration Ans:c
4. Chose the correct spelling.
a. Accilerate b. Accelerate
c. Accelerrate d.Accilarate Ans:b
5. Choose the correct spelling.
a. ascertain b. assertain
c. asertain d.asartain Ans: a
a. achaivenent b. acheivenant
c. achievenent d. acheivinent Ans:c
a. Asignment b. Asignement
c. Assignment d.Assignement Ans:c
a. Agreable b. Agreeable
c. Agreable d. Agreable Ans:b
a. Beligarent b. Beligerent
c. Belligerent d. Belijaenat Ans:c
a. Banquete b. Bouquet
c. Boquet d. Bouqutte Ans:b
11 Which one is the correct spelling?
a. Exagarete b. Expadient
c. Exaggarate d. Exaggerate Ans:d
12 Select the correct spelling.
a. Expedient b. Expadient
c. Expodiant d. Expaoretn Ans:c
13 Select the correctly spelt word.
a. Elemantary b. Elimentary
c. Elementary d. Alementary Ans:c
14 ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb?
a. Examplary b. Eexmplery
c. Examplery d. Exemplary Ans:d
a. Efflorance b. Efflorescence
c. Effloresence d. Eflorencsece Ans:b
16 Find out the correctly spelt word.
a. Ebarrasment b. Embarassment
c. Effloresence d. Embarrassment Ans:d
a. Exhilaration b. Extrhilation
c. Exhilatrtion d. Extraition Ans:a
18 Choose the correct spelling.
a. Extantion b. Extansiion
c. Extension d. Extenation Ans:c
a. Forigner b. Forefeit
c. Forefit d. Forfeit Ans:d
a. Forigner b. Forienor
c. Foreigner d.Foreiner Ans:c
a. Greivance b. Grievance
c. Grivernce d. Grivenace Ans:b
a. Heterogeneous b. Hetrogenous
c. Heterogenous d. Heterogeneous Ans:d
a. Humiurous b. Humorious
c. Humorous d. Humiurius Ans:c
a. Indegenous b. Indiginous
c. Indigenus d. Indigenous Ans:d
a. inkandescent b. inciandescent
c. inkandessent d. incandescent Ans:d
26 Find out the correct spelling
a. Indespensible b. Indispensible
c. Indispensable d. Indespensibl Ans:c
a. Jewelery b. Jewellary
c. Jewllry d. Jewelry Ans:d
a. Caleidoscope b. Kalaidoscope
c. Caleidoscope d. Kaleidoscope Ans:d
29 Choose the correctly spelt word.
a. Liesure b. Leisure
c. Lisurer d. Liusuer Ans:b
30 Find the correct spelling.
a. Leiutenant b. Lieutanant
c. Lieutenant d.Leftenant Ans:c
31 Choose the correct one.
a. Mispel b. Misspell
c. Misple d. Missple Ans:b
32 Which one the correct spelling?
a. missscellaneous b. miscelanous
c. miselaneous d. miscellaneous Ans:d
33 Choose the correct spelling
a. mantenance b. maintenance
c. maintanance d.maintenatence Ans:a
a. Malnatrition b. Malnutritio
c. Malantration d. Matartetion Ans:c
a. Mutach b. Moustach
c. Mustache (US) d. Moustache (UK) Ans:d
a. Magnanimous b. Magnanimus
c. Magnenimous d. Mognanimous Ans:a
a. Missionery b. Missionary
c. Missioary d. Misionary Ans:b
a. occassion b. ocasion
c. ocassion d. occasion Ans:d
a. pnemonia b. nemonia
c. Pneumonia d. Pnemonio Ans:c
a. Possession b. Pessoinion
c. Possesion d. Peossing Ans:a
a. Psychology b. Spsychology
c. Spychology d. Psoysology Ans:a
42 wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU mwVK
a. Committee b. Comitee
c. Committe d.Comitee Ans:a
a. Conoisseur b. Conoiseur
c. Connoisseur d. Connoiseur Ans:c
a. Comemorate b. Commemmorate
c. Comemmorate d. Commemorate Ans:d
a. Cigaret b. Ciggaret
c. Cigarette d. Cigarrte Ans:c
a. Consceintious b. Cosientious
c. Conscientious d.Conscietious Ans:d
a. Catastrophe b. Cetatropeh
c. Castrophe d.Cherropth Ans:a
a. Conteguous b. Contigous
c. Contiguous d. Contunous Ans:c
a. Conquerer b. Conqueror
c. Conquror d.Conquored Ans:b
a. Courier b. Courer
c. Curier d.Coureer Ans:a
a. Cileling b. cealing
c. Ceilling d. Ceiling Ans:d
a. Constelletion b. Constilation
c. Consteletion d. Constellation Ans:d
a. Conspicuous b. Conspecious
c. Conspicous d. Conspecuous Ans:a
c. Colarboration d. Collarberation
a. Colaberation b. Collaboration Ans:d
a. Dysentary b. Dysentry
c. Disentry d. Dysentery Ans:d
56 The correct spelling is-
c. Dilemma d.Dilema
a. Dellima b. Delemma Ans:a
a. Diarrhea b. Diarhoea
c. Diarea d. Diallerao Ans:a
a. Decathlon b. Decatholon
c. Decholon d.Deacehole Ans:a
a. Diphtheria b. Diptheria
c. Deptheria d. Deptherea Ans:a
60 Find the correct spelling.
a. Definetion b. Defination
c. Definition d. Defination Ans:c
61 wb‡Pi ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×?
a. Superstitius b. Supertitious
c. Superstitious d. Supperstitious Ans:c
a. Sattellite b. Sattelite
c. Satellite d. Satelite Ans:c
63 Choose the correctly spelt word:
a. Tsunami b. Sunami
c. Suname d. Sunamee Ans:a
a. Tubarculisis b. Tubarculosis
c. Tuberculisis d. tuberculosis Ans:d
a. Tersspass b. Trespass
c. Trespas d. Terspsaa Ans:b
66 Find out the correct spelling.
a. Transpaerency b. Trensparencey
c. Transperensy d. Transparency Ans:d
a. Whisper b. Whipar
c. Wisper d. Whispere Ans:a
68 Which one is the correct spelling.
a. Equilibrium b. Exquebrium
c. Equexbrium d. Exuqriumer Ans:a
69 Which one is the correct spelling.
a. Wellcome b. Tuition
c. Institusion d. Succesfull Ans:b
70 Which of the following words is miss pelt
a. belief b. deciet
c. preview d.recive Ans:b
71 Which one of the following is correct spelling?
a. illuminate b. Redundent
c. Minutaile d. Impondrable Ans:a
a. Compulsary b. Universel
c. Primery d. Education Ans:d
a. Marraige b. possesion
c. beginning, receive d. believe, indispensable Ans:c
a. Infiuenja b. secondery
c. Tremendous d. Curriculam Ans:c
a. Padintric b. Pediatric
c. Peaditric d. Paeditrik Ans:a
a. Passenger b. Pasanger
c. Pessanger d. Pesenger Ans:a
a. questionaire b. questionere
c. questionnaire d. questionneri Ans:c
a. Renaissance b. Reneisance
c. Reneissance d. Resnieesanc Ans:a
a. Recesion b. Recission
c. Recession d. Reccession Ans:d
a. Soverignty b. Soveriegnty
c. Sovereignty d. Soverinty Ans:c
81 Which one is the correct spelling
a. Successful b. Sucessful
c. Sucesfull d. Sacesfull Ans:a
82 Find out the correct spelling.
a. Secretariat b. Sacretariat
c. Secretariet d. Secriateat Ans:a
Article
(GB UwcK †_‡K GKUz Kg cÖkœ Av‡m)
A, an, the GB wZbwU adjective-‡K article e‡j| AvaywbK Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡ì‡K determiner- ejv nq|
article Gi cÖKvi†f` : ‡h article cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v-definite article I indifinite article .
definite article : ‡h article Øviv mywbw`ó K‡i †evSvq Zv‡K definite article e‡j| the ‡K definite article ejv nq| †hgb- the moviesaround the
sun.
indifinite article: ‡h article wbw`ó K‡i †evSvq Zv‡K indefinite article e‡j| A, an indefinite article ejv nq| ‡hgb yesterday I bought a new
book and he bought an old book.
Article Gi eënv‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î Avgv‡ì we‡klfv‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, Article mvaviYZ countable noun (Common noun. collective noun) Gi Av‡M
Active e‡m ; uncountable noun (proper noun , meterial noun , abstract noun) Gi Av‡M mvaviYZ Article e‡m bv| Z‡e wek‡l ‡ÿ‡Î uncountable
noun Gi Av‡M Article e‡m|
Avmyb Article Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbqg ¸‡jv †R‡b †bIqv hvK-
1.‡hme singular coantable noun vowel Øviv MwVZ Zvi Av‡M Article e‡m| ‡hgb- the earth is like an orange.
2.‡hme singular coantable noun consonant Øviv MwVZ Zvi Av‡M A e‡m|
‡hgb- there is a mango on the table.
3. wbw`ó K‡i †evSv‡Z singular Ges plural countable noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m| Z‡e Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, plural countable noun Gi Av‡M KL‡bv
a/an e‡m bv; me©`v the em‡e| ‡Kbbv, a/an Øviv GKwUgvÎ e¯Í ev GKwUgvÎ e¨w³‡K eySv‡bv nq|
†hgb- I bought the book. bought the books .
4. vowel Gi D”PiY u Gi g‡Zv n‡j ZLb Zvi Av‡M an bv e‡m a em‡e|

‡hgb- He is a eurapean . Rahim is university student .
5. ‡Kv‡bv vowel Gi D”PiY hw` R Gi g‡Zv bv n‡q(A¨) Gi g‡Zv nq Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M an e‡m|
‡hgb-= He has an umrah
6.O Gi D”PiY hLb ÕIqvÕ Gi g‡Zv n‡e ZLb a em‡e| one Gi Av‡M memgq a e‡m|
‡hgb = I need a one taka note.
7.consonant Gi D”PiY hw` vowel Gi g‡Zv nq Zvn‡j an m‡e| †hgb = He is an honest man. he was waiting for an hour.
8.‡Kvb mswÿß word-Gi D”PiY hw` vowel-Gi g‡Zv nq Zvn‡j an em‡e Avi consunant Gi g‡Zv n‡j a em‡e|
‡hgb=He is an M.B.B.S Doctor. I have an M.A degree in english.He has a B.A Digree in english
9.‡Kv‡bv common noun Gi Av‡M †`vl ev ¸bevPK adjective Z_vadjective of quality _vK‡j Zvi Av‡M a/an em‡e|
‡hgb-=She is a beautiful girl. karim is a bad boy. there is an old book.
10. meterial noun Ges abstract noun Gi Av‡M mvaviYZ artical e‡m bv| Z‡e †Kv‡bv ‡Kv‡b mywbw`ó ¯’v‡bi e¯Í †evSv‡Z meterial noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m
Ges mywbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯Íi †`vl¸Y †evSv‡Z abstract noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m|
‡hgb- X water is an emportent element of our life.The weather of this tank is not pure.x we cannot live without air.the air of the dhaka
was pollated.
x Honesty is the best policy. The honesty of rahim is praiseworthy.[note : Avcwb wKfv‡e †evSv‡eb †h,material noun ev abstract noun Øviv
wbw`ó K‡i †evSv‡jv bvwK Awbw`ó K‡i †evSv‡jv ? Avmyb G welqwU †UKwbK g‡bivwL - material nounev abstract noun Øviv wbw`©ó K‡i †evSv‡j H noun ¸‡jvi c‡i
mv`viY of _v‡K bv|DcwiD³ D`vniY fv‡jvfv‡e †Lqvj Ki‡jB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
11. Possesive adjective (AwaKvievPK adjective) Gici article e‡m bv; x (dvKv) nq| my, our, his, her, their, its. G¸‡jv possesive adjective
†hgb- his x house is looking so good.
12 .mvaviYZ †`‡k bv‡gi Av‡M †Kv‡bv article e‡m bv| wKšÍ mswÿßfv‡e †Kv‡bv †`‡ki bvg †evSv‡j Zvi Av‡M memgq the e‡m|
‡hgb- x Bangladesh is development country. the USA is a powerful country.
13. Superlative degree Gi Av‡M memgq the e‡m|
‡hgb-He is the tallest boy in the class.rahim is the most labourious .
(note: vowel Gi Av‡M=emv‡j D”PiY (w`) n‡e consonant Av‡M the w` emv‡j D”PiY(`¨v) n‡e|)
14.Bs‡iwR‡Z µgevPK k‡ãi Av‡M memgq the e‡m| µgevPK kã¸‡jv n‡jv- frist, second , third, fourth, fift....... BZ¨vw`|
‡hgb- Rahim is the frist boy in the class. Karim is the second boy in the class.
15.msL¨vevPK k‡ãi c~‡e© Awbw`óZv eyS‡Z a A_ev an e‡m|

one mail Gi cwie‡Z© a maile
one man Gi cwie‡Z© a man
one apple Gi cwie‡Z© an apple
one yard Gi cwie‡Z© a yard
16.msL¨vevPK fve cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î a A_ev an e‡m| ‡hgb- A hundred girls come out from college .
17. Kv‡i †ckv †evSv‡Z ev ‡kÖwY †evSv‡Z Zvi Av‡M a A_ev an e‡m|
‡hgb- My father is a businessman. He is an english teacher
.
18. Exclalamatry sentence-G mvaviYZ what Ges how Gici a A_ev an e‡m|
‡hgb- what a nice bird it is! what an awful remark it is !
19. ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³evPK bv‡gi Av‡M †Kv‡b article e‡m bv| wKšÍ hw` e¨w³i bvg Øviv Plural †evSv‡bv nq Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m|‡hgb- I have just receive a
post card from the Rahims, a family i met .
21.‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i mv‡_ hw` Zzjbv Kiv nq Zvn‡j hvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡e Zvi Av‡M the e‡m|
‡hgb- Nazrul is the shelly of Bangladesh. Bankim is the scott of Bangladesh .
21.c„w_ex‡Z †h wRwbm¸‡jv GKwU gvÎ Av‡Q Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| †hgb- The earth moves around the sun. The sky is blue.
22. weL¨vZ ag©MÖ‡š’i Av‡M me mgq The e‡m| msev`cÎ, gnvKve¨ Ges Av‡M The e‡m|
‡hgb- The Quran , The Daily Star .
23. b`-b`x, mvMi, gnvmvMi, DcmvMi Zvi Av‡M memgq the e‡m| ‡hgb- The Meghna is the largest river of Bangladesh.
The pacific Ocean is the largest Ocean in the world.
24. w`‡Ki c~‡e© memgq the e‡m|‡hgb- The sun rises in the east. The sun set in the west.
25. mvaviY Zvwi‡Li c~‡e© †Kvb article e‡m bv| wKšÍ weL¨Z ev HwZnvwmK Zvwi‡Li c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb- The 25march is a sorrowful day for
Bangladesh.The 21 february is our mother language day.
(Note: Avcwb wKfv‡e †evSv‡eb †h, H ZvwiLwU weL¨vZ/HwZnvwmK ev mvaviY ZvwiL ? Avmyb G welqwU †UKwb‡K g‡b ivwL-hw` ‡Kv‡bv Zvwi‡Li mv‡_ st ev th ‡`L‡Z
cvb Zvn‡j wbwðZfv‡e a‡i †b‡eb ‡h, H ZvwiLwU Øviv weL¨vZ ev HwZnvwmK ZvwiL †evSv‡”Q| DcwiD³ D`vniY¸‡jv fv‡jvev‡e †Lqvj Ki‡jB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|)
26. RvwZi bv‡gi c~‡e© A_©vs RvwZ †evSv‡Z memgq the e‡m| wKš‘ H RvwZi GKRb †evSv‡Z Zvi Av‡M a A_ev an e‡m|
‡hgb-The Bangalees are a brave nation. He is a Bangladeshi. He is an indian.
(Note : Avcwb wKfv‡e †evSv‡eb †h, H kãwU mgMÖ RvwZ‡K †evSv‡”Q bvwK GKRb‡K †evSv‡”Q? Avmyb G welqwU †UKwb‡K g‡b ivwL- hw` †`L‡Z cvb †h ev‡Kï subject wU singular
Zvn‡j a‡i †b‡eb †h Gi Øviv H RvwZi GKRb‡K †evSv‡”Q|DcwiD³ D`nviY ¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e †Lqvj Ki‡j fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡eb)
27. fvlvi c~‡e© KL‡bv article e‡m bv| wKšÍ fvlvi mv‡_ hw` language kãwU _v‡K Zvi Av‡M the e‡m |
†hgb- x Bangla is our mother language. The bangla language is our mother language.
28. cvkvcvwk hw` GKB ai‡Yi `ywU parts of speech _vK‡j Av‡MiwU‡Z †m article em‡e c‡iiwU‡ZI GKB article em‡e| A_©vs ,Av‡MiwU‡Z indifinite article n‡j c‡iiwU‡ZI
indifinite article n‡e Ges Av‡MiwU‡Z difinite article n‡j c‡iiwU‡ZI difinite article n‡e |
†hgb= I actually sent a letter or a gift. I actually sent a letter or an email. I went to kuakata with a view to seeing the sun and the moon.
29. ‡Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi Av‡M hw` cÖ_‡g Indefinite article e‡m Zvn‡j H kãwU wØqevi eënZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M Definite article n‡e| A_©vr Awb`©ó †Kv‡bv GKwU wRwbm‡K cÖ_gevi
D‡jøL Kivi ci wØZ¡xqevi D‡jøL Ki‡j †mwU wbw`©ó (definite) n‡q hvq|
†hgb- I bought an apple yesterday, but the apple is not edible.
Transformation
Simple,Comples,Compound
Bs‡iwR MÖvgv‡ii GKUv ¸iæZ¡en UwcK n‡jv Transformation Of Sentence|Avi GB Transformation Of
Sentence Gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡jv Simple, Comples, Compound| ïaygvÎ SSC wKsev HSC bq,
wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© †KvwPs Ggb wK PvKwii cixÿv‡ZI GB UwcKUv †_‡K wbqwgZ cÖkœ Av‡m| GwU †hgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKUv
UwcK wVK †Zgwb mnR I wKš‘ mwVK w`K wb‡`©kbvi Afv‡e GB UwcK Uv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB LyeB KwVb e‡j we‡ewPZ
nq|A_P GKUz g‡bv‡hvM Avi wm‡÷‡gwUK I‡q †Z UwcK Uv co‡jB eySv hv‡e UwcKUv K‡ZvUv mnR|Pjyb Zvn‡j ïiæ Kwi
wKfv‡e Simple , Comples, Ges Compound Sentence UwcKUv mn‡R †kLv hvq|
★★★Rule:1
Simple -Complex -Compound

To --So That ---And
A_©vr So That hy³ Complex Sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j And Ges Simple Ki‡Z n‡j To eënvi Ki‡Z nq ।
Example:
Complex: We read so that we can learn.
Compound: We read and we learn.
Simple: We read to learn.
★★★Rule:2
Simple --Complex --Compound

Inspite Of/Despite-- Though/Although---But
A_©vr, Though/Although hy³ Complex Sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j | But Ges Simple Ki‡Z n‡j Inspite Of/Despite eënvi Ki‡Z
nq। G‡ÿ‡Î Simple Kivi †ÿ‡Î Inspite of/despite Gi ci Verb+ing emv‡Z nq|
Example:
Complex: Though they played well, they lost the match.
Compound: They played well but lost the match.
Simple: Inspite of playing well, they lost the match.
★★★Rule:3
Simple -- Complex-- Compound
Verb+ing --As/Since-- And So
A_©vr, As/since hy³ Complex Sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j And So Ges simple Ki‡Z n‡j Verb+ing eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
Example:
Complex: As my brother was honest, he was rewarded.
Compound: My brother was honest and so he was rewarded.
Simple: Being (was+ing) honest my brother was rewarded.
★★★Rule:4
Simple—Complex-- Compound
too....to-- so.....that (negative)-- very....and
A_©vr, So....that hy³ Negative Sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j Very...And Ges Simple Ki‡Z n‡j too....to eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
Example:
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Compound: He is very weak and he cannot walk.
Simple: He is too weak to walk.
★★★Rule:5
Simple--Complex-- Compound
Without..verb + ing-- If + Negative -- Or
A_©vr ,If hy³ negative Complex sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j Or eënvi Ki‡Z nq Ges Simple Ki‡Z n‡j Without...
Verb+ing eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
Example :
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Study hard or you will fail.
Simple: Without studying hard you will fail.
★★★Rule:6
By..verb + ing – If + Aff--verb... And
A_©vr If hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j Verb...And eënvi Ki‡Z nq Ges Simple Ki‡Z n‡j By...Verb+ing eënvi
Ki‡Z nq |
Example:
Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.
Compound: Work hard and succeed.
Simple: By working hard you will succeed.
★★★Rule:7
Adjective --Which/That/Who--And
A_©vr, Which/That/Who hy³ Complex sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j And Ges Simple Adjective eënvi Ki‡Z nq |
Example:
Complex: He was a teacher who was good.
Compound: He was a teacher and he was good.
Simple: He was a good teacher.
★★★Rule:8
Simple—Complex-- Compound
At the time of --When-- And
A_©vr, When hy³ Complex Sentence ‡K Compound Ki‡Z n‡j And eënvi Ki‡Z nq Ges Simple Ki‡Z n‡j At the time of
eënvi Ki‡Z nq।
Example:
Complex: He woke up when it was raining.
Compound: He woke up and it was raining.
Simple: He woke up at the time of raining.
Affirmative to Negative
Rule 1: Only ev aloneGi cwie‡Z© DËi ev‡Kï ïiæ‡Z None but e‡m| Avi †Kvb cwieZ©b nqbv|
Affirmative: Only he can play good cricket.
Negative: None but he can play good cricket.
Affirmative: Only the science students can apply for the post.
Negative: None but the science students can apply for the post.
Note: e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î only Gi cwie‡Z© nothing but e‡m| Z‡e eq‡mi †ÿ‡Îev msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î only Gi cwie‡Z© not more than e‡m।
Affirmative: He is only four.

Negative: He is not more than four.
Affirmative: They have only two cars.
Negative: They have not more than two cars.
Affirmative: The child likes only sweet.
Negative: The child likes nothing but sweet.
Rule 2: Affirmative sentence G must _vK‡j Negative Kivi mgq must Gi cwie‡Z© can not but/can not help e‡m| Z‡e can not help
Gi c‡i †h, verb _v‡K Zvi mv‡_ ing hy³ Ki‡Z nq|
Affirmative: You must yield to your fate.

Negative: You can not but yield to your fate.
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: We can not but obey our parents.
Affirmative: You must care them.
Negative: You can not help caring them.
Rule 3: Every ‡K Negative Ki‡Z n‡j Every Gi cwie‡Z© There is no e‡m + EveryGi c‡ii kãwU e‡m + but + cÖ`Ë sentence Gi evKx Ask|
Affirmative: Everyone hates a terrorist.

Negative: There is no one but hates a terrorist.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is no body but hates a liar.
Rule 4: As soon as hy³ sentenc †K Negative Ki‡Z n‡j-

As soon as Gi RvqMvq no sooner had em‡e + cÖ`Ë Sentence Gi KZ©v e‡m + ‡m Sentence Gi g~j verb Gi past participle form e‡m + ‡m Sentence
evKx Ask e‡m + than + wØZxq evK¨ e‡m|
Affirmative: As soon as he he saw the tiger, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
Affirmative: No sooner had the boy saw the police, he ran away.
Negative: As soon as the boy seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 5 : Affirmative sentence †K Negative Kivi mgq D³ sentence Gi Affirmative kãwUi Negative iƒc emv‡Z nq Ges Negative Gi c~‡e© not
emv‡Z nq| evwK me wVK _v‡K|
Affirmative: He is a good man.
Negative: He is not a bad man.
Affirmative: Rakib is an honest boy.
Negative: Rakib is not a dishonest boy.
Affirmative: This was an extra-ordinary ship.
Negative: This was not an ordinary ship.
Rule 6: Always hy³ Affirmative sentence †K Negative Ki‡Z n‡j Always Gi cwie‡Z© never e‡m| Affirmative kãwUi Negative
iƒc emv‡Z nq|
Affirmative: He was always punctual.

Negative: He was never late.
Affirmative: I always tell truth.
Negative: I never tell lie.
Degree
Degree n‡jv Adjective Gi iƒc‡f`| GwU 3wU fv‡M wef³|
h_v : 1) Positive Degree

2) Comparative Degree
3) Superlative Degree
1. Positive Degree : †Kvb sentence G Noun ev Pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v BZ¨vw` eySv‡Z adjective
Gi †h iƒc eënvi nq Zv‡K Positive Degree e‡j|
‡hgb : Mr. Roni is a good man.
2. Comparative Degree : mvaviYZ `ywU Noun ev Pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v BZ¨vwì Zzjbv eySv‡Z
adjective Gi †h iƒc eënvi nq Zv‡K Comparative Degree e‡j|
‡hgb : Rahim is wiser than Karim.
3. Superlative Degree : mvaviYZ A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Zzjbv eySv‡Z adjective Gi †h iƒc eënvi nq Zv‡K
Superlative Degree e‡j|
‡hgb : Rony is the best player in the team.
Change of Degrees
Superlative Degree into Positive Degree

Superlative Degree †K Positive Degree †Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi wbqg :
Rule- 1:
No other + cÖ`Ë Superlative Gi c‡ii Ask + verb + so/as + Superlative Degree Gi Positive
form + as + g~j sentence Gi subject.
Superlative : Rony is the smallest player in the team.

Positive : No other player in the team is as small as Rony.
Superlative : Sima is the best housewife.
Positive : No other housewife is a good as Sima.
Rule- 2 :
all other, most other, many other, few other, very few, one of the hy³ Superlative Degree
†K Positive Degree ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi wbqg :
cÖ_‡g very few + Superlative Gi c‡ii Ask + verb Gi plural form + so/as +
Superlative Degree Gi Positive form + as + g~j sentence Gi subject.
Superlative : He is one of the best players in the team.

Positive : Very few players in the team are as good as he.
Superlative : Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Positive : Very few metals are as useful as Iron.
Comparative into positive

Rule- 1 :
Then any other/all other hy³ Comparative Degree ‡K Positive Degree ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi wbqg-
No other + any other/all other Gi c‡ii Ask + verb + so/as + Comparative Degree Gi
Positive form + as + g~j sentence Gi subject.
Comparative : Kibria is greater than any other boy in the class.

Positive : No other boy in the class is as great as Kibria.
Comparative : Dhaka is larger than all other cities in Bangladesh.
Positive : No other cities in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.
Rule- 2 :
Than hy³ Comparative Degree ‡K Positive Degree ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi wbqg :
Then Gi c‡ii Ask + verb + not + so/as + Comparative Gi Positive form + as + cÖ`Ë
sentence Gi subject.
Comparative : Rony is bigger than Bony.

Positive : Bony is not as big as Rony.
Comparative : He is stronger than I.
Positive : I am not as strong as he.
Rule- 3 :
Than most other/than few other hy³ Comparative Degree ‡K Positive Degree ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi
wbqg :
Very few + most other/few other Gi c‡ii Ask + verb Gi plural form + so/as +
Comparative Gi Positive form + as + cÖ`Ë sentence Gi subject.
Comparative : The gold is most useful than most other metals.

Positive : Very few metals are as/so useful as gold.
Comparative : A. K. Fazlul Haque was greather than most other politicians in
Bangladesh.
Positive : Very few politicians in Bangladesh were as/so great as A. K. Fazlul Haque.
Rule- 4 :
No less/not less ................. than hy³ Comparative Degree ‡K Positive Degree ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi
wbqg :
No less/not less Gi cwie‡Z© D³ hvqMvq as e‡m Ges than Gi cwie‡Z© D³ hvqMvq as e‡m| Avi
†Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
Comparative : He in no less intelligent than you.

Positive : He is as intelligent as you.
Comparative : Kripa is not less clever than Shipa.
Positive : Kripa is as clever as Shipa.
Rule- 5 :
No sooner had ............... than hy³ Comparative Degree ‡K Positive Degree ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi
wbqg :
No sooner had Gi cwie‡Z© as soon as + subject + verb Gi cwie‡Z past form + than Gi
c~‡e©i Ask + than Gi cwie‡Z© Kgv e‡m + evKx Ask|
Comparative : No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.

Positive : As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
Gender
(1gvK© Kgb cv‡eb)
Gender- । Gender ন ন Noun Pronoun , , ন ।
Definition:Gender specifies whether a noun or a pronoun is masculine, feminine, neuter or common.
:
Raju is a boy. ( ।)
Rehana is a girl. ( ন ।)
This is a baby. ( ।)
এই Girl, Boy, Baby, এই Gender

ই Gender -
1. Masculine Gender ( )
2. Feminine Gender ( )
3. Neuter Gender ( )
4. Common Gender (উ )
5. Masculine Gender ( )
Noun Pronoun ন Masculine Gender ।

Definition:
The noun or pronoun which indicates that a living being is masculine is called a Masculine Gender.
:
Father ( )
Son ( )
Lion ( )
Feminine Gender ( )
Noun Pronoun ন Feminine Gender ।
Definition:
The noun or pronoun which indicates that a living being is masculine is called a Feminine Gender.
:
Mother ( )
Daughter ( )
Lioness ( )
Neuter Gender ( )
Noun Pronoun ন ন ন Neuter Gender ।
Definition:
The noun or pronoun which indicates to any lifeless object which does not have any masculine or feminine form is
called a Neuter Gender.
:
Furniture (আ )
Book ( )
Computer ( )
Common Gender:
Noun Pronoun ন ন Common Gender ।
Definition:
The Noun or Pronoun which can indicate that a living being is either masculine or feminine is called a Common
Gender.
:They ( )
Teacher ( )
Baby ( )
ন Masculine Feminine Gender -
Masculine…………………..Feminine
Buck ( )………………………..Doe ( )( ন )
Boy………………………………Girl
Father…………………………...Mother
Bachelor ( )……..Maid( )
Brother……………………………Sister
Man ( )...........................Woman ( )
Husband………………………….Wife
Lad ( )……………………….Lass ( )
Bridegroom ( )…………………Bride ( ন)
Friar, Monk ( )……………Nun ( ন)
King……………………………...Queen
Lord………………………………Lady
Male………………………………Female
Master……………………………Mistress
Nephew………………………….Niece
Papa……………………………..Mama
Sir……………………………….Madam
Uncle…………………………….Aunt
Son………………………………Daughter
Widower ( )…………….Widow ( )
Tailor……………………………Seamstress
Wizard………………………….Witch
Masculine…………………..Feminine
Hart ( )………………………Roe ( )
Stag………………………………Hind
Bull……………………………….Cow
Dog………………………………Bitch
Drone ( )………….Bee ( )
Drake ( )……………….Duck ( )
Gander ( )……………..Goose ( )
Fox……………………………..Vixen
Horse……………………………Mare
Ram…………………………….Ewe
Boar ( )……………………Sow
Cock……………………………Hen
Gander ( )………Goose
২। ন Masculine Gender Feminine Gender ন Masculine Gender
‗ess‘ ।
Masculine……….Feminine
Author…………..Authoress
Giant……………Giantess
Lion…………….Lioness
Heir……………..Heiress
Host…………….Hostess
God…………….Goddess
Poet…………….Poetess
Priest…………..Priestess
Prince………….Princess
Patron ( )…………Patroness
Shepherd………Shepherdess
Steward……….Stewardess
Manager…………Manageress
Count…………..Countess
Baron…………………Baroness
৩। ন Masculine Gender Syllable Vowel ‗ess‘ Feminine Gender
।
:
Actor…….Actress
ন ন। আ আ আ ন
Syllable । ন Actor Syllable আ ‗Ac‘ ( ) ‗tor‘ ( ) । Syllable Vowel
আ ‗o‘। ন Feminine Gender ন আ ‗o‘ ‗ess‘ । আ
-
Masculine………………………Feminine
Hunter…………………………..Huntress
Governor……………………….Governess
Emperor………………………..Empress
Inspector……………………….Inspectress
Instructor………………………Instructress
Director………………………..Directress
Songster………………………..Songstress
Traitor…………………………Traitress
Tutor…………………………..Tutoress
Conductor…………………….Conductress
Songster………......................Songstress
Waiter ( )…...................Waitress
Benefactor……………............Benefactress
Proprietor ( )……….Proprietress ( )
Tiger…………………………..Tigress
৪। Masculine Gender ন ―ess‖ Feminine Gender ।
Masculine……….Feminine
Master …………...Mistress
Murderer…………Murderess
Emperor………….Empress
Abbot…………….Abbess
Mister…………….Miss
Duke……………..Duchess
৫। Masculine Gender ‗trix‘, ‗na‘, ‗ine‘ Feminine Gender ।
Masculine……………………………..Feminine
Hero…………………………………...Heroine
Administrator…………………………Administratrix
Prosecutor……………………………..Prosecutrix
Testator ( ন ন)………..Testatrix
Executor……………………………….Executrix
Sultan………………………………….Sultana
Czar ( )………………….Czarina( )
Don ( )…………………………..Dona ( )( ন )
Signor…………………………………..Signora
৬। Compound Noun Masculine Gender Feminine Gender -
- ন ।
Masculine……………………………..Feminine
Son-in-law……………………………..Daughter-in-law
Mankind……………………………….Womankind
Man-servant……………………………Maid-servant
Landlord……………………………….Landlady
Washerman……………………………Washerwoman
Beggarman…………………………….Beggarwoman
Milkman……………………………….Milkmaid
Fisherman……………………………..Fisherwoman
Foster-father…………………………..Foster-mother
Step-son……………………………….Step-daughter
Father-in-law…………………………Mother-in-law
Male-servant………………………….Female servant
Grandfather…………………………..Grandmother
School-master…………………………School-mistress
Step-brother……………………………Step-sister
Male-child……………………………..Female-child
Gentleman…………………………….Gentlewoman
Great-uncle…………………………….Great-aunt
Billy-goat………………………………Nanny-goat
Bull-calf…..……………………………Cow-calf
He-goat…………………………………She-goat
Jack-sparrow…………………………..Hen-sparrow
Peacock…………………………………Peahen
৭। Noun আ Feminine Gender। ন ন Masculine Gender ন।
:
Nurse, Blonde ( ন ), Virgin
৮। Masculine Gender Feminine Gender ন।
:
Captain, Principal, Chairman, Knight, Squire ( ), Parson ( ), Judge.
ন - ন Chair-person ।
৯। Common Gender -
Orphan, Baby, Cousin, Friend, Pupil, Sheep, Cat, Deer, Parent, Writer, Bird, Person, Servant, Pupil, Sheep।
০। ন ন ন আ ন ন ,
Masculine Gender Feminine Gender ।
) Sun, Death, Summer, Winter, Thunder, Anger- - Masculine Gender ।
:
Death lays his icy hands, even on kings.
) Moon, Spring, Earth, Soul, Virtue, Nature, Spring, Ship, Hope, Peace ন ন
ন Feminine Gender ।
:
The moon gives her silvery beam at night.
The earth moves on her axis.
) , ন, , ন Feminine Gender ।
:
The inter-city train ‗Mahanagar‘ is running with her full speed.
We have some duty towards our country as we are blessed with her natural resources.
) , , Material Noun Collective Noun Neuter Gender ।
ন:
The ant is noted for its industry.
। Noun Pronoun Masculine Gender Feminine Gender –
Masculine Gender……………..Feminine Gender
He…………………………..…..She
His………………………………Her
Him……………………………..Her
Himself…………………………Herself
আ আ ন । Gender ।
ন।আ ন
Gender ন।
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï †ewmK b‡jR

(1 bv¤^vi Kgb Avm‡Z cv‡i)
 William Wordsworth Gi Dcvwa n‡jv - The poet of Nature.
 John Keats Gi Dcvwa n‡jv- The poet of Beauty.
 John Milton Gi Dcvwa n‡jv- English Epic poet.
 George Orwell Gi g~j bvg n‡jv - Eric Arthur Blair.
 George Eliot Gi g~j bvg n‡j- Mary Ann Evans.
 Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gnvKve¨ n‡jv- Beowulf.
 Bs‡iRx M‡`ï RbK n‡jv- John Wyclif.
 ‡k·wcqvi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib- 1564 mv‡j.
 ‡k·wcqvi g„ZzëiY K‡ib- 1616mv‡j.
 ‡k·wcqvi bvUK wj‡L‡Qb- 37 wU|
 P.B. Shelley ‡K Oxford University ‡_‡K ewn¯‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj|
 S.T. Coleridge Avwd‡g Avk³ wQj|
 Bs‡iRx Dcb¨v‡mi RbK- Henry Fielding.
 T.S. Eliot Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv The Waste Land Gi Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi †c‡qwQ‡jb|
 John Keats ‡ckvMZfv‡e wZwb GKRb Wv³vi wQ‡jb|
 Winston churchill wQ‡jb Ggb GKRb ivóªcwZ whwb mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej †c‡qwQ‡jb|
 Sydney william porter Gi pen name n‡jv O’ Henry.
 T.S.Eliot Zvi ZË Objective co –relative Gi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 Sigmund Freud Zvi ZË¡ ÔPsycho Analysis’ Gi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 James Joyce Zvi ZË¡ Ô stream of consciousness’ Gi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ we‡`ªvwn Kwe ejv nq Lord Byron.
 Rb wKUm gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb - hÿvq.
 Bs‡iRx KweZvi RbK ejv nq- Geoffrey chaucer.
 Bertrand Russel n‡jb GKRb `vk©wbK wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej ‡c‡qwQ‡jb|
 cÖ_g Bs‡iRx wWKkbvwi iPbv K‡ib- samuel Johnson
William Shakespeare ( DBwjqvg ‡k·wcqi)
(1564-1616)
(1 bv¤^vi Kgb Avmvi m¤¢vebv A‡bK †ewk
‡jLK cwiwPwZ t DBwjqvg ‡k·wcqi wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ Bs‡iR Kwe Ges bvU¨Kvi| Zv‡K Bs‡iwR fvlvi me©Kv‡ji †miv †jLK Ges c„w_exi Ab¨Zg †miv bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Zv‡K A‡bK mgqB Bsj¨v‡Ûi RvZxq Kwe Ges Ò`¨ evW© Ad A¨vfbÓ (A_ev ïay Ò`¨ evW©) (A¨vf‡bi PviYKwe) bv‡gI AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GLb
ch©šÍ Zvi 38wU bvUK, 154wU m‡bU, 2wU `xN© eY©bvg~jK KweZv Ges †ek wKQz Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi KweZv wU‡K Av‡Q| Zvi iPbv¸‡jv c„w_exi mKj cÖavb fvlvqB Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q
Ges Zvi bvUK GLbI me‡P‡q †ewk gÂ¯’ nq| DBwjqvg ‡k·wcqi [Rb¥Ñ26 GwcÖj, 1564, g„Zz¨Ñ 23 GwcÖj, 1616 (52 eQi)] ‡k·wcq‡ii Rb¥ I ‡e‡o IVv ÷¨vU‡dvW©
Ab-A¨vf‡b| gvÎ AvVv‡i eQi eq‡m wZwb A¨vwb n¨v_vI‡q‡K weevn K‡ib| A¨vwbi M‡f¨ †kKmwcq‡ii wZbwU mšÍvb n‡qwQj| Guiv n‡jb mymvb Ges n¨vg‡bU I RywW_ bv‡g
`yB hgR| 1585 †_‡K 1592 mv‡ji gaëZ©x mg‡q wZwb Awf‡bZv I bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e jÛ‡b h‡_ó L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| ‡kKmwcq‡ii cwiwPZ iPbv¸wji AwaKvskB
gÂ¯’ n‡qwQj 1589 †_‡K 1613 mv‡ji gaëZ©x mg‡q Zuvi cÖ_g w`‡Ki iPbv¸‡jv wPj g~jZ wgjbvšÍK I HwZnvwmK bvUK| Rxe‡bi †kl c‡e© wZwb Uª¨vwRK‡gwW iPbvq
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| GB iPbv¸‡jv †ivg¨vÝ bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
wgjbvšÍK bvUK ev K‡gwW bvUK we‡qvMvšÍ bvUK ev Uªv‡RwW HwZnvwmK bvUK ev wnw÷
 AjÕm I‡qj `¨vU GÛÕm I‡qj  ‡ivwgI A¨vÛ Rywj‡qU  wKs Rb
All's Well That Ends Well Romeo and Juliet King jon
 A¨vR BD bvBK BU  ‡KvwiI‡jbvm  wePvW© `¨ †m‡KÛ
As You Like It Coriolanus Bichard the second
 `¨ K‡gwW Ae Giim  UvBUvm A¨v‡ÛªvwbKvm  ‡nbwi `¨ †dv_, cÖ_g fvM
The comedy of errors Titus Andronicus Henri the forth, 1st Part
 jfÕm †jeviÕm j÷  UvBgb A_ A¨v‡_Ý  ‡nbwi `¨ †dv_©, wØZxq fvM
Love's Labour's Lost Time oth Athance Henri the forth, 2nd Part
 ‡gRvi di ‡gRvi  Rywjqvm wmRvi  ‡nbwi `¨ wdd_
Measure for Measure Juliour sizar Henri the fifth
 `¨ gv‡P©›U Ae †fwbm  g¨vK‡e_  ‡nbwi `¨ wm·_, cÖ_g fvM
The merchant of Venice Macbeth Henri the six, 1st Part
 `¨ †gwi IqvBfm Ae DBÛmi  n¨vg‡jU  ‡nbwi `¨ wm·_ wØZxq fvM
The marry wife of winds Hamlet Henri the six, 2nd Part
 Av wgWmvgvi bvBUm wWªg  UªBjvm A¨vÛ †µwmW  ‡nbwi `¨ wm·_, Z…Zxq fvM
A midsamar night dream Troilas and crasida Henri the six, 3rd Part
 gvP A¨v‡Wv A¨vevDU bvw_s  wKs wjqvi  wiPvW© `¨ _vW©
Match ado abaut nothing King liar Recharge the Third
 ‡cwiwK¬m, wcÖÝ Ae Uvqvi  I‡_‡jv  ‡nbwi w` GBU_
Plaricks, prince of tower Othello Henri the eight
 `¨ †Uwgs Ae `¨ wkÖD  A¨v›Uwb A¨vÛ wK¬I‡cUªv
The teming of the srew Antony and Cleopatra
 `¨ †Ug‡c÷  wm‡¤^jvBb
The Tempest Semblain
 Uz‡qjd_ bvBU
Twelfth Night
 `¨ Uz‡R›U‡gb Ae †f‡ivbv
The tozentment of verona
 `¨ Uz †bvej wKbm‡gb
The to novel kinsem
 `¨ DB›UvÕm †Uj
The winters tell
KweZv nvwi‡q hvIqv bvUK AcÖvgvwbK iPbv
 ‡kKmwcq‡ii m‡bU  jvfÕm †jeviÕm DBb  Av‡W©b Ae d¨vfvik¨vg
Shakespeare sonnet Love's Labour's win Arden of Fevarsum
 ‡fbvm A¨vÛ A¨v‡Wvwbm  Kv‡W©wbI  `¨v ev_© Ae gvwj©b
Venus and Adonis cardeniu The birth of marlin
 `¨ †ic Ae jy‡µwm  ‡jvµvBb
The rap of locraci Locrain
 `¨ c¨vk‡bU wcjwMÖg  `¨v jÛb cÖwWMvj
The pasnate pilgrim The London Prodigal
 `¨ wdwb· A¨vÛ `¨ UvU©j  `¨v wcDwiUvb
The Phoenix and the turtle The puritan
 Av jvfviÕm Kg‡cøB›U  `¨v †m‡KÛ †gB‡WbÕm Uªv‡RwW
A love‘s complaint The second maiden tragedy
 m¨vi Rb IìK¨vmj
Sir Jon Oldkalsol
 Ugvm jW© µgI‡qj
Tomas lord Cromwel
 Av BqK©kvqvi Uªv‡RwW
A YorkShire tragedy
 GWIqvW© `¨ _vW©
Edward the third
 m¨vi Ugvm †gvi
Sir Tomas mor
weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K‡ì mvwnZ¨Kg©

1. To Daffodil = Robert Herrick
The Daffodil = William Wordsworth
2.A tale of tubs = Jonathan swift
A tale of Two cities = Charls Dickens
3. The battle of books = Jonathan Swift
The battle of life = Dickens
4. The patriot = Robert browning
Patriotism = sir walter scott
5 . Rape upon rape = Henry fielding
Rape of the lock = Alexander pope
6. Candide = voltaire
Candida = G.B.Shaw
7. Rainbow (poem) = William wordsworth
Rainbow –novel = D.H Lawarence
8. Prometheus unbound = Aeschylus
Prometheus unbouund = P.B.Shelly.
Bs‡iRx I evsjv mvwn‡Zï PgrKvi wgjeÜb
1. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb wb`k©‡b Phv©c`,Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Zï Avw` wb`k©b weDjd [Beowulf]
2. Ph©vc` Z_v evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw` Kwe jyBcv, Bs‡iRx‡Z [Caedmon]
3. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gwnjv Kwe P›`ªveZx Avi Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ [Aphra benn]
4. evsjv M‡`ï Avw` wb`k©b †KvPwenv‡ii ivRvi wPwV, Bs‡iRx M‡`ï Avw` wb`k©b [Anglo saxon chronicle]
5. evsjv M‡`ï RbK Bk¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi , Bs‡iRx M‡`ï RbK [John wycliffe]
6. evsjv mvwn‡Zï ZzwK© kvmK‡ì Kvi‡b AÜKvi hyM 1201-1350,
Bs‡iRx‡Z divwm big¨vb kvmK‡ì Kvi‡b 1400-1500|
7. evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm welqK 1g MÖš’ wj‡L‡Q `x‡bk P›`ª‡mb, Bs‡iRx‡Z [Saint vernable Bede]
8. evsjv g~`ªvÿ‡ivi RbK Pvj©m DBjwKÝ, Bs‡iRxi [William caxton]
9. 1g †ivgvw›UK Dcb¨vm KcvjKzÛjv, Bs‡iRx‡Z [Morte D‘ Arthur]
10. evsjv cÖ_g UªvwRwW KxwZ©wejvm, Bs‡iRx [Gorbuduc]
11. cÖ_g mv_©K UªvwRwW K…òKygvix, Bs‡iRx [Dr. Faustaus]
12. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wQj Bqs †e½j †Mvwô, Bs‡iRx‡Z [University wits]
13. Kwe‡ì Kwe wbg©‡j›`y , Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ [Edmund spencer]
14. cÖ_g mv_©K K‡gwW gvB‡Kj ga~m~`b `‡Ëi cÙveZx, Bs‡iRx‡Z [Nicholus udal Gi Rulf roister Doister]
15. Bs‡iRx m‡b‡Ui cÖeZ©K m¨vi _gvm IqvU, evsjv m‡b‡Ui gvB‡Kj ga~m~`b `‡Ëi
16. 1g evsjv Dcb¨vm Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj, Bs‡iRx‡Z [samuel richardson Gi pamela]
17. evsjvq AwgÎvÿi [Blank verse]Gi RbK ga~m~`b, Bs‡iRx‡Z
18. 1g Bs‡iR gnvKwe wgëb, evsjv mvwn‡Zï gnvKwe ejv nq AvjvIj‡K |
19. AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖ_g g`nvKve¨ †gNbv_ea Kve¨, Bs‡iRx‡Z wgë‡bi c¨vivWvBR j÷|
20. evsjv cÖ_g †kvKMv_v Ck¦iP‡›`ªi cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY, Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ Rb wgë‡b jvBwPWvm [Lycidas]
21. evsjv mv_©K Dcb¨v‡mi RbK ew¼g P›`ª, Bs‡iRx mv_©K Dcb¨v‡mi RbiK †nbwi wdwìs [Henry Fielding]
22. HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi RbK weL¨vZ m¨vi Iqvëvi ¯‥U, evsjvi Iqvëi ¯‥U ew¼g P›`ª|
23. evsjv mvwn‡Zï Kiæb PwiÎ ‣ngšÍx, GKB iKg Bs‡iRx PwiÎ [Clarissa]
24. g‡bvmgxÿvg~jK Dcb¨vm •mq` IqvjxDjøvni Pv‡ì Avgvem¨v, Bs‡iRx‡Z †Wwb‡qj wW‡dvi [Robinson crusoe] weZK© Av‡Q ågb Kvwnbx|
25. evsjvi †kjx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Rxebvb›` `vk †K ejv nq cÖK„wZi Kwe, Bs‡iRx‡Z Poet of nature cÖK„wZi Kwe DBwjqvg IqvW©mIqv_© [wilian wordsworth]
26. evsjv‡`‡ki we‡`ªvwn Kvwe I •mwbK KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg , Bs‡iRx‡Z [soldier of poet] n‡jb jW© evqib [Lord Byron]
27. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †kÖô [Dramatic Monologue] (¯^M‡Zvw³) Rmxg DÏx‡bi Kei KweZv, Bs‡iRx‡Z [Robert browning] Gi [Andre del sarto]
28. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ `ytev`x Kwe hZx›`ªbv_ †mb¸ß, Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ g¨v_y Avb©ì [Mathewo Arnold]
29. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Kwe I wPÎKi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Bs‡iRx‡Z [wilam Blake]
30. iex›`ªbv_i wK‡kvi PwiÎ dwU‡Ki Kiæb Mí QzwU, Bs‡iRx‡Z Pvj©m wW‡K‡Ýi [Oliver twist]
31. evsjv †QvU M‡íi RbK iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi , Bs‡iRx [short story] Gi RbK [Edgar allan poe]
32. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cjøx Kwe RmxgDÏxb, Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï Pearl S buckl.
Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ hyM

Mí-A‡bK Av‡M 450 mv‡j (old) GKUv †g‡q wQj| 1066 mv‡j †m hLb ga¨ eqmx (middle) n‡jv ZLb 1500 mv‡j Zvi g‡b bZyb DÏxcbvi
RvMiY (renaissance) n‡Z jvM‡jv| Ges †m 1660 mv‡j cov‡jLvi Rb¨ K¬vm (neo classical) G †h‡Z jvM‡jv| K¬v‡mi GKwU ‡Q‡j‡K †`‡L
1798 mv‡j Zvi g‡b †ivgvw›UK (romantic) Abyf~wZi RvMiY n‡jv| Zviv †cÖ‡g c‡o †M‡jv Ges Zvi 1832 mv‡j †cÖ‡g weRqx (victorian)
n‡q we‡q Ki‡jv| we‡qi ci Zv‡ì GKwU †Q‡j Ges †g‡q n‡jv| †Q‡jwU 1901 G‡m A‡bK modern nq Avi †g‡qwU 1939 mvj †_‡K GLb
ch©šÍ .... ultra post modernB i‡q †Mj| (we.`ª- 1g mvj †_‡K 2q mvj ïiæ nIqvi AvM ch©šÍ 1wU wcwiqW wVK Gfv‡i avivevwnK Pj‡e|
Gevi wgwj‡q wbb....

1. Old English period [450-1066]
2. Middle English period [1066-1500]
3. Renaissance period [1500-1660]
4. Neo-classical period [1660-1785]
5. Romantic period [1798-1832]
6. Victorian period [1832-1901]
7. Modern period [1901-1939]
8. Post modern period [1939-till now]
wewfbœ PvKwii cwiÿvq eûevi Avmv Quotations
―Beauty is truth , truth is beauty” ---John Keats

―A thing of beauty is a joy for ever” ---John Keats
―To be or not to be that is the question”--- Shakespeare
―Cowards die many times before their deaths”--- Shakespeare
―Brevity is the soul of wit”---Shakespeare
―Example is better than precept”---S.Smils
―Life is not life without delight”---Rabindranath Tagore
―If winter comes , can spring be far behind? ”--- P. B. Shelley
―Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought”--- P.B. Shelley
―Justice delayed is justice denied”--- Gladstone
―Justice hurried is justice buried” --- Gladstone
―Pain is the outcome of sin”—Gautam Buddha
―To err is human, to forgive is devine”—Alexander Pope ―Fools
―rush in where angels fear to tread”—Alexander Pope ―A little
―learning is a dangerous thing”—Alexander Pope ―He prayeth best
―who loveth best”—Coleridge
―Eureka! Eureka! (I have found it) ”—Archimedes Man
―is by nature a political animal”—Aristotle
―The child is the father of a man”—William Wordsworth
―Government of the people, by the people, for the people” —Abraham Lincon
―Opportunity makes a thief”—Francis Bacon
―Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”—Rousseau
100 Creation of English Literature (Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï weL¨vZ 100 wU eB I †jLK )GB ai‡bi GKwU cÖkœ nq:
(1 bv¤^vi Kgb Avm‡Z cv‡i)
1) David Copperfield → Charles Dickens
2) Hamlet → William Shakespeare
3) The Rime of the Ancient Mariner → Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4) Das Capital → Karl Mark
5) Animal Farm → George Orwell
6) Dialogues → Plato
7) Tempest → William Shakespeare
8) Main Kemp → Ad loaf Hitler
9) Mother → Maxim Gorky
10) As You Like it → William Shakespeare
11) Paradise Lost → John Milton
12) The Tale of Two Cities → Charles Dickens
13) The Merchant of Venice → William Shakespeare
14) Pride and Prejudice → Jane Austen
15) All‗s Well that Ends Well → William Shakespeare
16) Anna Karenina → Leo Tolstoy
17) Origin of Species → Charles Darwin
18) Discovery of India → Johor Lal Nehru
19) Asian Drama → Gunner Myrdal
20) The Old Man and The Sea → Earnest Hemingway
21) Julius Caesar → William Shakespeare
22) Man and Superman → George Bernard Shaw
23) War and Peace → Leo Tolstoy
24) Gulliver‗s Travels → Jonathan Swift
25) Heaven and Earth → Lord Byron
26) Blue Bird → Lord Alfred Tennyson
27) Othello → William Shakespeare
28) India Wins Freedom → Abul Kalam Azad
29) Marriage and Moral → Bertrand Russell
30) God of the Small Things → Arundhuty Roy
31) Caesar and Cleopatra → George Bernard Shaw
32) Romeo and Juliet → William Shakespeare
33) Jungle Book → Rudyard Kipling
34) Lycidas → John Milton
35) Emma → Jane Austen
36) A pair of Blue Eyes → Thomas Hardy
37) Odyssey → Homer
38) Memories of the Second World War → Winston Churchill
39) For Whom the Bell Tolls → Earnest Hemingway
40) Wealth and Nation → Adam Smith
41) West Land → T.S Eliot
42) Vanity Fair → W.M Thackeray
43) Prince → Machiavelli
44) Republic → Plato
45) Freedom → Bertrand Russell
46) A Long Walk to Freedom → Nelson Mandela
47) Robinson Crusoe → Daniel Defoe
48) Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow → D.H Lawrence
49) Ulysses → Lord Alfred Tennyson
50) Sense and Sensibility → Jane Austen
51) Roots → Alex Haley
52) To Skylark → P. B Shelly
53) Time Machine → H. W Wells
54) Try and Try Again → W.E Hick son
55) Seven Seas → Rudyard Kipling
56) Around the World in Eighty Days→ Jules Verne
57) Waiting For Goddot → Samuel Becket
58) Things Fall Apart → Chinua Achebe
59) Silent Women → Ben Johnson
60) Wuthering Heights → Emile Bronte
61) The Way of the World → William Congreve
62) Voyage of Lilliput → Jonathon Swift
63) 64):- Twelfth Night → William Shakespeare
65) Utopia → Sir Thomas Moore
66) Tom Jones → Henry Fielding
67) The Return of the Native → Thomas Hardy
68) The Alchemist → Paulo Coelho
69) Tess of t D‗Urbervilles → Thomas Hardy
70) Scholar Gipsy → Matthew Arnold
71) The Rape of the Lock → Alexander Pope
72) Prelude → William Wordsworth
73) Ode to the West Wind → P.B Shelly
74) Great Expectations → Charles Dickens
75) King Lear → William Shakespeare
76) Kublai Khan → Samuel Taylor Coleridge
77) Isabella → John Keats
78) Measure and Measure → William Shakespeare
79)In Memoriam → Lord Alfred Tennyson
80) Pilgrim‗s Progress → John Bunyan
81) Oliver Twist → Charles Dickens
82)Paradise Regained → John Milton
83) Iliad → Homer
84) Divine Comedy → Dante
85) Crime and Punishment → Dostoevsky
86)A Brief History Of Time → Stephen Hawking
87)A Farewell to Arms → Earnest Hemingway
88)A Midsummer‗s Nights Dream → William
Shakespeare
89) Adonis → P. B Shelly
90) Akbar Nama → Abul Fazal
91) Canterbury Tales → Geoffrey Chaucer
92) Comedy of Errors → William Shakespeare
93) Don Juan → Lord Byron
94) Dr. Faustus → Christopher Marlowe
95) Politics → Aristotle
96) Volpone → Ben Jonson
97) Dictionary → Samuel Johnson
98) A Passage to India → E. M. Forster
99) Macbeth → William Shakespeare
100) Samson Agonists → John Milton
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1. Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Literature

2. Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Poetry
3. Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Language
4. Geoffrey Chaucer = The Morning Star of the Renaissance
5. Geoffrey Chaucer = The First National Poet
6. Venerable Bede = The Father of English Learning.
7. Venerable Bede = The Father of English History
8. King Alfred the Great = The Father of English Prose
9. Aeschylus = The Father of Tragedy
10. Nicholas Udall = The First English Comedy Writer
11. Edmund Spenser = The Poet‗s poet (by Charles Lamb)
12. Edmund Spenser = The Child of Renaissance
13. Edmund Spenser = The Bridge between Renaissance and Reformation
14. Gutenberg = The Father of Printing
15. William Caxton = Father of English Press
16. Francis Bacon = The Father of English Essay
17. John Wycliffe = The Morning Star of the Reformation
18. Christopher Marlowe = The Father of English Tragedy
19. William Shakespeare = Bard of Avon
20. William Shakespeare = The Father of English Drama
21. William Shakespeare = Sweet Swan of Avon
22. William Shakespeare = The Bard
23. Robert Burns = The Bard of Ayrshire (Scotland)
24. Robert Burns = The National Poet of Scotland
25. Robert Burns = Rabbie
26. Robert Burns = The Ploughman Poet
27. William Dunber = The Chaucer of Scotland
28. John Dryden = Father of English criticism
29. William of Newbury = Father of Historical Criticism
30. John Donne = Poet of love
31. John Donne = Metaphysical poet
32. John Milton = Epic poet
33. John Milton = The great master of verse
34. John Milton = Lady of the Christ College
35. John Milton = Poet of the Devil‗s Party
36. John Milton = Master of the Grand style
38. John Milton = The Blind Poet of England
39. Alexander Pope = Mock heroic poet
40. William Wordsworth = The Worshipper of Nature
41. William Wordsworth = The High Priest of Nature
42. William Wordsworth = The Poet of Nature
43. William Wordsworth = The Lake Poet
44. William Wordsworth = Poet of Childhood
45. William Wordsworth = Egotistical Sublime
46. Samuel Taylor Coleridge = The Poet of Supernaturalism
47. Samuel Taylor Coleridge = Opium Eater
48. Coleridge& Wordsworth = The Father of Romanticism
49. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey = Lake Poets
50. Lord Byron = The Rebel Poet
51. Percy Bysshe Shelley = The Revolutionary Poet
52. Percy Bysshe Shelley = Poet of hope and regeneration
53. John Keats = Poet of Beauty
54. William Blake = The Mystic Poet
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Old English literature (450-1066)
Middle English literature (1066-1500)
( 1066-1340- The Aglo Norman Age)
(1340-1400- Age of Geoffrey Chaucer )
(1400-1485 - The Barren age)
English Renaissance ( 1500-1660)
(1500-1558- The Preparation Age)
( Elizabethan & Jacobean Period -1558-1625)
( Edmund Spencer, Christopher Marlowe, Sir Walter Raleigh, Ben Jonson, William Shakespeare
Thomas Kyd) (Memory Clue: Walter & Kyd JSC w`j)
(1625-1660- The Caroline Age)
(1649-1660- The Commonwealth) (Jhon Dryden,
Jhon Milton, Jhon Buniyon)
Neo-Classical period (1660-1798)
(Restoration Age – 1660-1700)
(Augustan Literature- 1700-1750)
(Age of Sensibility- 1750-1798)
19th century literature ( *Romanticism-
1798-1832,
*Victorian literature- 1832-1901)
English literature since 1901 ( Modernism-
1901-1939)
The Edwardian Period (1901-1910)
The Georgian Period. (1911-1939)
The Post modern Period (1939- present)
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1. Who is the father of English Literature?

a) Cynewulf b) Geoffrey Chaucer
c)Robert Browning d) None of the above
Ans: b
2. Shakespeare‗s The Merchant of Venice‗ is a ---
a)Tragedy b) Tragi-Comedy
c)Satire d) Lyric
Ans: b
3. Which of the following is a Comedy written by Shakespeare‗?
a) As you like it b) King Lear
c)Macbeth d)Hamlet
Ans: a
4. Cowards die many times before their death . From which book the above line is taken….
a)Macbeth b) Julius Caesar
c)Hamlet d)Othello
Ans: b
5. Shakespeare is mostly known for his ….
a)Poetry b) Novels
c)Autobiography d) Plays
Ans: d
6. Paradise Lost‗ attempted to ---
a) Justify the ways of man to God
b) Justify the ways of God to man
c) Show that the satan and God are equal power
d) Explain why good and evil are necessary
Ans: b
7. Who write ― A thing of beauty is a joy for ever‖?
a)William Shakespeare b) John Keats
c)William Wordsworth d) John Milton
Ans:b
8. Limerick is---
a)A form of one-act play b) A form of short story
c) A short form of light verse d) A kind of novel
Ans: b
9. Who wrote Crime and Punishment‗?
a)Shelly b) Tolstoy
c)Byron d)Dostoevsky
Ans: b
10. Most important feature of romantic poetry.
a)Beauty b) Nature
c)Subjectivity d) Imagination
Ans: c
11. Who is considered to be the father of English prose?
a)Francis Bacon b) King Alfred the Great
c)Henry Fielding d) Geoffrey Chaucer
Ans: a
12. If winter comes can spring be far behind? Is a quotation from P.B Shelly‗s---
a)The Cloud b) Adonosis
c)Ode to the West Wind d) To a Skylark
Ans: c
13. Knowledge is power‗ was stated by---
a)Hobbes b) Mills
c)Socrates d) Rousseau
Ans: a
14. Nature never did betray the heart that loved her‗ is a quotation from---
a)Wordsworth b) B. J. Baryon
c)P. B. Shelly d) d) J. Keats
Ans: a
15. Who wrote the famous poetic line ―To err is human, to forgive divine‖?
a) Pope b) Shelly c) Keats d) Dryden
Ans: a
16. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested .
Said-----
a)Joseph b) Dr. Johnson
c)Charles Lamb d) Francis bacon
Ans: d
17. But I have promises to keep and miles to go before I sleep‗---was written by---
a)T. S Eliot b) W.B Yeats
c)Robert Frost d) Ted huges
Ans: c
18. Water, water everywhere, not a drop to drink‗ is a quotation from---
a)The Ancient Mariner b) To Skylark
c)The Paradise Lost d) The Cloud
Ans: a
19. The repetition of beginning consonant sound is known as ---

a)personification b)onomatopoeia
c)alliteration d)rhyme
Ans: c
20. The comparison of unlike things using the words like or as is known to be ----
a) metaphor b) simile
c)alliteration d)personification
Ans: b
21.Who wrote the plays, A Mid Summer NightÕs Dream‗?
a) Ben Johnson b) Christoper
c) John Dryden d) William Shakespeare
Ans: d
22.Which is known as romantic period of English literature?
a)1550-1558 b) 1649-1660
c) 1798-1832 d) 1910-1936
Ans: c
23.A dollÕs House is
written by---
a)Francis Bacon b) Henric Ibsen
c)E. M. Forester d) R. K. Narayan
Ans: b
24. The Romantic Age began with the publication of ----
a )The Lyrical Ballads b) My Last Duchess
c) A tale of two cities d) Canonization
Ans: a
25. Among the following authors who is not a poet?
a)Matthew Arnold b) Robert Frost
c)John Donne d) Doris Lessing
Ans: d
26. A Tale of Two CitiesÕ refers to----
a) London and Berlin b) London and Paris
c) London and Rome d) London and Washington
Ans: b
27. The Good EarthÕ deals with----
a) Irish life b) Bengali life
c)Chinese life d) English life
Ans: c
28. Who wrote The Spanish Tragedy‗?
a) John Lyly b) Thomas Kyd
c) Robert Green d) Christopher Marlowe
Ans: b
29. Famous Irish poet and dramatist?
a)W. B. Yeats b) L. Tolstoy
c)A. Pope d) H. G. Wells
Ans: a
30. Who wrote The Odyssey and the IlliadÕ?
a)Milton b) Homer
c)Vergil d)Hoffman
Ans: b
31. The hero or central character of a literary work is---
a)Villain b) Protagonist
c)antagonist d) Chorus
Ans: b
32. A lyric poem mourning the death of an individual or lamenting a tragic incident is a /an-----
a)elegy b) tragedy
c)epic d) hymn
Ans: a
33. A song embodying religious and sacred emotions.
a)Lyric b) Ode
c) Hymn d) Ballad
Ans: c
34. The literary terms which says one thing in disguise of another is---
a)Satire b) Allegory
c) Metaphor d) Symbol
Ans: b
35. Which is the oldest period in English literature?
a)Anglo-Norman b) Anglo-Saxon
c)Middle Age d) ChaucerÕs period
Ans: b
36. Who is called the poet of nature‗ in English literature?
a)Lord Byron b) John Keats
c)P. B. Shelly d) William Wordsworth
Ans: d
37. Who is the most famous satirist in English literature?
a)Alexander Pope b) Jonathan Swift
c)William Wordsworth d) Butler
Ans: b
38. Who is the author of A Farewell to ArmsÕ?
a)Helen Keller b) Bertrand Russel
c)Ernest Hemingway d) Charles Dickens
Ans: c
39. Who wrote Biographia Literaria?
a)Lord Byron b) P. B. Shelly
c)S. T. Coleridge d) Charles lamb
Ans: c
40. Who has written the poem Elegy written in a Country Churchyard?
a)William Wordsworth b) Thomas Gray
c)John Keats d) W. B. Yeats
Ans: b
41.Who is the author of For whom the bell tollsÕ?
a)Charles Dickens b) Homer
c) Lord Tennyson d) Ernest Hemingway
Ans: d
42.Shylock Õis the character of ---
a)Man and Superman b) The Merchant of Venice
c) Arms and the man d) The Tempest
Ans: b
43. Who said Man is a political animalÕ?
a)Dante b) Aristotle
c) Socrates d) Plato
Ans: b
44. To be or not to be; that is the question‖ is quoted from-
a)Macbeth b) Hamlet
c) Saint Joan d) The Tempest
Ans: b
45. Time is Money‗ is an example of----
a)Simile b) Metaphor
c)Personification d)Allusion
Ans: b
46. The Bench found him guilty‗ Here, BenchÕ is ----
a)Synecdoche b) Metonymy
c)Simile d) Metaphor
Ans: b
47. The real name of OÕ Henry was---
a)Sir Philip Sydney b) Maryorie Kinnan Rawlings
c) William Sidney Porter d) Venerable Bede
Ans: c
48. A. S. Hornby is famous for-----
a)writing dictionaries b) writing poems
c)writings songs d) writings text books
Ans: a
49. The literary work Kubla khanÕ is---
a) a history by Vincent Smith b) a verse by S. T. Coleridge
c) Christopher Marlowe d) A short story by Somerset Maugham
50. Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man and writing an exact manÕ is said by---
a) Francis bacon b) John Dryden
c) John Donne d) Thomas Kyd
Ans: a
51.………… Õ is Shakespeare s last play.
a)As you like it b) Othello
b)The tempest d) Macbeth
Ans: c
52. The Silent WomanÕ is written by ----
a)John Rushkin b) Ben Jonson
c) Kalidas d) G. B Shaw
Ans: b
53. RenaissanceÕ means ---
a)The revival of learning b) The revival of hard task
c) The revival of life d) The revival of new country
Ans: a
54. The first English dictionary was compiled by ----
a)Izak Walton b) Samuel Johnson
c)Samuel Butler d) Sir Thomas Browne
Ans: b
55. Sweet are the uses of adversityÕ was stated by----
a)Voltaire b) Shakespeare
c)Milton d) Tolstoy
Ans: b
56. A little learning is a dangerous thingÕ is a quotation from---
a)Oscar wilds b) Alfred Tennyson
c)Alexander pope d) Voltaire
Ans: c
57. Who wrote, A thing of beauty is a joy for everÕ?
a)William Shakespeare b) John Keats
c)William Wordsworth d) John Milton
Ans: b
58. Who said, An unexamined life is not worth livingÕ?
a)Socrates b) Plato
c) Aristotle d) Zeno
Ans: a
59. ClimaxÕ of a plot is what happens ----

a)at the end b) at the height
c)in the beginning d) in the confrontation
Ans: b
60. What is an Epic?
a)a prose composition b) a romance
c)a novel d) a long poem
Ans: b
61. The Origin of SpeciesÕ is written by ----
a)Charles Darwin b) Newton
b)Gallelio d) Marie Curie
Ans: a
62. Animal farmÕ is written by…..
a)George Orwell b) Stevenson
c)Swift d) Mark Twin
Ans: a
63. What is a funny poem of five lines called?
a)Quertet b) Limerick
c)Sixtet d) haiku
Ans: b
64. MelodramaÕ is kind of play of ----
a)violent and sensational themes b) historical themes
c) philosophical themes d) pathetic themes
Ans: a
65.A Machiavellian character is -----
a) an honest person b) a selfish person
c) a courageous person d) a judicious person
Ans: b
66.Blank verseÕ is kind of verse -----
a)having no rhyming end b)having blanks in the verse
c)having no significance d)having no rhythmic flow
Ans: a
67. Which is the following is a story in verse?
a) elegy b) ballad
c) ode d) sonnet
Ans: b
68. Who wrote, The Birthday PartyÕ?
a)James Joyce b) G. B. Shaw
c)Harold Pinter d) Jane Austen
Ans: c
69. Who wrote, Waiting for Godot‗?
a)Berltolot Brech b) Samuel Beckett
c)Benric Ibsen d) Samuel Butler
Ans: b
70. Helen of Troy was the wife of ----
a)Agamemnon b) Achilles
c)Menelaus d) Hector
Ans: c
71. The period from AD 1066 to 1500 is known as ----
a) The old English Period b) The Middle English Period
c) The Anglo-Saxon Period d) The Victorian Period
Ans:b
72.Who is called the poet of the poets?

a) Geoffrey Chaucer b) Edmund Spenser
c) Thomas kyd d) William Shakespeare
Ans: b
73.O‗ Henry is famous for ----
a)Drama b) Short story
c)Novel d) Poems
Ans: b
74. Who wrote, The Affluent Society‗?
a)H. G wells b) J. K. Galbrath
c)T. S Eliot d) David Hume
Ans: b
75. Which of the following writers belongs to the Elizabethan period?
a)Samuel Becket b) John Dryden
c)Christopher Marlowe d) Alexander Pope
Ans: c
76. The Return of the Native‘ is written by----
a)Aldous Huxley b) Somerset maugham
c)Alexander Dumas d) Thomas Hardy
Ans: d
77. Laddy Chatterley‘s Lover‗ is a novel written by -----
a)William Somerset Maugham b) Thomas Hardy
c) Leo Tolstoy d) D. H Lawrence
Ans: d
78. To Daffodils‘ is written by ----
a)William Wordsworth b) Robert Herrick
c)Ted Hughes d) Oscar Wilde
Ans: b
79. A famous short story of Maupassant is ---
a)Gift of the Magi b) The Necklace
c)The Prince d) Tropic of Cancer
Ans: b
80. Who is the Author of the drama Joan of Arc‘?
a)G. B Shaw b) Lord Byron
c)Charles Dickens d) P. B Shelly
Ans: a
81. Who is not a playwright?
a)Christopher Marlowe b) William Shakespeare
c) G. B. Shaw d) Jonathan Swift
Ans: d
82. William Shakespeare is a famous ……….. century English playwright.
a)nineteenth b) sixteenth
c)eighteenth d)fifteenth
Ans: b
83. William Shakespeare wrote ………..
a)sonnets, tragedies and comedies b)sonnets, plays and essays
c)sonnets, plays and essays d)sonnets, plays and epics
Ans: a
84.Who is considered the father of English novel?
a) Henry fielding b) Arthur C. Clarke
c) John Milton d) P. B. Shelly
Ans: a
85.Who is regarded as the Father of Science Fiction‘?
a) Isaac Asimov b) Jules Verne
c) H. G Wells d) Arthur C. Clarke
Ans: b
86.What is the full name of Dr. Faustus‘
a)The tragical history of Doctor Faustus b)The tragedy of Doctor Faustus
c)Doctor Faustus d)The Tragic history of Dr. Faustus
Ans: a
87. The poem The Isle of Innisfree‘ is written by---
a)Dylan Thomas b) W. H Auden
c)Ezra Pound d) W. B. Yeats
Ans: d
88. Othello is a Shakespeare‘s play about ---
a)A Jew b) A Turk
c) A Roman d) A Moor
Ans: d
89. Paradise Lost‘ is an epic written by---
a)P. B. Shelly b) John Milton
c)Shakespeare d) G. B. Shaw
Ans: b
90. The Canterbury Tales‘ are told by ----
a)Geoffrey Chaucer b) John Wycliffe
b)Thomas Barth d) Baccaccio
Ans: a
91. The diary of a young girl‘ is written by----
a)Otto Frank b) James Frank
c)Anne Frank d) Henry Frank
Ans: c
92. The major theme of To Daffodils is
a)Life is short, art is long b) Daffodils are beautiful
c) The ravages of Time d) Nature never dies
Ans: a
93. The Sun also rises‘ is a novel written by ----
a)Charles Dickens b) Herman Melvile
c)Ernest Hemmingway d) Thomas Hardy
Ans: c
94. Author of The Picture of the Dorian Gray‘ ----
a)Boris Pasternauk b) Fitzerald
c)Aldous Huxley d) Oscar Wilde
Ans: d
95. Brutus‘ is a famous character in the Shakespeare play?
a)King Lear b) Julius Caesar
c)Hamlet d) Romeo and Juliet
Ans: b
96. The characters Prospero, Alonso and Antonio‘are from ----
a)The Tempest b) Macbeth
c)Othello d) Hamlet
Ans: a
97. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand‘ is a quotation from ---
a)Macbeth b) Othello
c)King Lear d) Hamlet
Ans: a
98. Tragedy means -----
a) a serious play with a happy ending b)a humorous play with a sad ending
c)a funny play with a touchy ending d)a romantic play
Ans: b
99.Truth sits upon the lips of dying men‘ is quoted by ----
a) Mathew Arnold b) John Keats
c) G. B. Shaw d) Lord Byron
Ans: a
100. Childhood shows the man, as the morning shows the day‘ is quoted by ----
a) John Milton b) Lord Dening
c) G. B. Shaw d) John Keats
Ans: a
101.Which was the oldest period in English literature?
a) Anglo-Norman b) Anglo-Saxon
c) Chaucer‗s Period d) Middle Age
Ans; b
102.Who is the father of English poetry?
a) Cynewulf b) Geoffrey Chaucer
c)Robert Browning d) None of the Above
Ans; b
103) Which is known as Romantic Period of English Literature?
a)1550-1558 b) 1649-1660
c)1798-1832 d) 1910-1936
Ans; c
104) Jacobean Period‘ of English literature refers to ---
a)1558-1603 b) 1625-1649
c)1603-1625 c) 1649-1660
Ans; c
105) Which period is known as ―The golden age of English literature‖?
a)The Victorian age b) The Elizabethan age
c) The Restoration age d) The Eighteenth Century
Ans; b
106) Restoration period‘ in English literature refers to—
a)1560 b) 1660
c) 1760 d) 1866
Ans; b
107) Who is the author of 'The Canterbury Tales'.
a)Sir Thomas Mallory b) William Lang land
c)Geoffrey Chaucer d) John Wycliffe
Ans; c
108.In which century was the Victorian Period?
a) 17th century b) 18th century
c) 19th century d) 20th century
Ans; c
109.Wordsworth and Coleridge together produced Lyrical Ballads in ______.
a) 1757 b) 1768
c) 1778 d) 1798
Ans; d
110.The Poet Laureate‘ is___.
a)the best poet of the country b) a winner of the Nobel Prize in poetry
c)the Court poet of England d) a classical poet
Ans; c
111) Nobel prize winner American lady novelist ______.
a)C.Bronte b) Jane Austern
c)V. Woolf d) Pearl S.Buck
Ans; d
112) ‗Sonnet‗ means____.
a)short poem in same sound b)sensatinal stories
c)a long poem d)a poem of fourteen lines
Ans; d
113) Victor Hugo was a ______.
a)English novelist b) American novelist
c)Spanish novelist d) French novelist
Ans; d
114) The first English Dictionary was completed by______.
a)Izaak Walton b) Samuel Johnson
c)Samuel Butler d) Sir Thomas Browne
Ans; b
115) Who is the famous satirist of English Literature?
a)Rovret Browning b) Mathew Arnold
c)Robert Frost d) Jonathan Swift
Ans; d
116) Francis Bacon is a/an____.
a)Novelist b) Dramatist
c) Poet d) Essayist
Ans; d
117) T.S. Eliot was awarded the Nobel Prize for the poem____.
a)Ulysses b) Patriotism
c)The Waste Land d) The Patriot
Ans; c
118) Canto is ______.
a) part of a long poem b) sonnet
c)short poem d) short story
Ans; a
119) A fantasy is__________.
a)Funny film b) History record
c)Imaginary story d) Real life event
Ans; c
120) Who is the author of The Origin of Species‘?
a)Alfred Lord Tennyson b) John Milton
c)Darwin d) John Dryden
Ans: c
121) The founder of English prose____.
a)Alfred the Great b) Rovert Frost
c)William Blake d) John Donne
Ans: a
122) Blank Verse‘ means:
a)poetry without rhyme b)a poem or speech at the end of a play
c)The study of prose and poetry d)The scientific study of language
Ans: a
123.Which of the following school of literary writings connected with a medical theory?
a) Comedy of Manners b) Theater of the absurd
c) Heroic Tragedy
d) Comedy of Humorous
Ans: d
124)TheWay of the
World‗ is a play of _____.
a) G.B. Shaw b) Shakespeare
c)Ben Johnson d) William Congreve
Ans: d
125) Ernest Hemingway was awarded the Nobel prize for the novel_____.
a)Animal Farm b) Vanity Fair
c)The Good Earth d) The Old Man and The Sea
Ans: d
126) Shylok‘ is the charactor of the Shakespeare an play____.
a)Macbeth (b) The Merchant of Vanice
c)The Tampest (d) King Lear
Ans: b
127) Who wrote War and Peace ?
a)Thomas Hardy b) Rovert Lewis Stevension
c) W.H. Auden d) Leo Tolstoy
Ans: d
128) The God of Small things‘ is written by_____.
a)Vikram Seth b) John Gladworthy
c)Arundhuti Roy d) E.M. Forster
Ans: c
129) Shakespeare‗s ‗King Lear‗ is a ____.
a)satire b) comedy
c)tragedy d)lyric
Ans: c
130) Who wrote the play of ‗The Taming of the Shrew‗?
a)Ben Jhonson b) G.B. Shaw
c)William Shakespeare d) T.S. Eliot
Ans: c
131) Shakespeare is known mostly for his ______.
a)poetry b) novels
c)autobiography d) plays
Ans: d
132) Which one is a tragedy?
a)Merchant of Vanice b) Twelfth Night
c)Romeo and Juliet d) Tampest
Ans: d
133)Who is the Author of The Jungle book?
a) Hans Cristian Anderson b) Rudiyard Kipling
c)E.M.Forster d) John Keats
Ans: b
134) Who wrote the book ‗Heaven and Earth‗?
a)John Keats b) W.Wordsworth
c)Lord Byron d) Lord Tennyson
Ans: c
135) The elegy Lycidus‘ was written by ______.
a)Thomas Gray b) Alfred Tennyson
c)John Milton d) John Keats
Ans: d
136) Shakespear‗s As You like It‗ is a _____.
a)Satire b) comedy
c) tragedy d) play
Ans: b
137) The poet of Ulysses‘ is ______
a)William Butler Yeats b) P.B Shelly
c)T.S.Eliot d) Alfred Lord Tennyson
Ans: d
138) Who wrote the short story The Gift of the Magi‘?
a)William Wordsworth b) Robert Frost
c) Jane Austen d) O‘ Henry

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English Grammar and Literature

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Finite verb- Avevi `yB cÖKvi

Primary Auxiliary Verb Modal Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb-wn‡m‡e e¨envi Principal Verb-wn‡m‡e e¨envi

wewfbœ cÖKvi Modifier Gi e¨envi

RIGHT FROM OF VERB

mvw`K fvZ Lvq- Sadik eats rice.

√ Cort:-Ten years have passed since he left the village.

jÿ Kit GLv‡b long since Gi Av‡M adverb of time wnmv‡e e‡m‡Q|

Rule 2: It is time + subject + verb (past form) + ………

Rule 3: Present Indefinite + as if/as though + past indefinite.

Rule 4: Past Indefinite + as if/as though + past perfect.

Rule 5: If + Present Indefinite + future indefinite tense.

Rule 6: If + Past Indefinite + would/could + verb (present form).

Rule 9: If + Subject + were + would + verb (present form).

Rule 10: Present/Future Indefinite Tense + when/after + present perfect.

Rule 11: Would that/ I wish + were + ……

Rule 12: Would you mind + verb(ing) + …….?

Rule 13: It is time + to + verb (present form) + ……….

Rule 15: ……too + adjective + to + verb (present form).

Rule 21: ……would rather/sooner + verb + than + verb/noun.

Rule 22: ……had better + verb (present form) + ……….

Rule 24: Without + verb(ing) + (meaningful negative sentence).

Rule 25: By + verb(ing) + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Rule 26: ……provided/provided that/providing that/if + (meaningful sentence).

Rule 27: ……since/as/because + (meaningful sentence).

Rule 28: ……though/although/in spite of/despite of + (alternative meaningful sentence).

Rule 29: ……unless/if…not + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Rule 30: ……instead of/in lieu of + (meaningful word or sentence).

Rule 32: ……no sooner…than/scarcely had…when/hardly had…when + past indefinite tense.

Rule 33: ……let alone + (meaningful word or phrase).

Rule 34: ……the place + where + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Rule 35: ……the time/year/day + when + (meaningful affirmative sentence).

Rule 36: ……that + (meaningful sentence).

(1bv¤^vi Kgb cv‡eb)

Av‡iv wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Voice †`Iqv n‡jv|

Active: we had dug the cannel. Active: What do you want ?

Active: I saw him playing cricket.

Passive: He was hanged by himself.

Passive: I was made captain by them.

Active: we are going to open a shop.

Active: shut the window.

Active: Let me play football.

Active: Did you play football?

Narration `yB cÖKvit

Narration-co‡Z n‡j Rvb‡Z n‡e|

1. Assertive = Subject cÖ_‡g _vK‡j|

‡hgbt Tanvir Anam is my son.

‡hgbt Where are you going ? Are you eating?

3.Imperative = Present Form, Don't/Never+Present Form, Please,Kindly,Let।

4.Optative =MaycÖ_‡g _vK‡j।‡k‡l Full Stop.

5.Exclamatory = What a/an,How+adjective,Hurrah,Alas BZ¨vw` _vK‡j|‡k‡l!

‡hgbt-What a fine boy you are!

**3. Person-Gi cwieZ©b|

***4. Verb-Gi cwieZ©b|

1. Sentence ‡Pbvi Dcvq= Sentence wU assertive

b. ―Otherwise, you will not cut a good figure in English”.

c. He said to us, ―I came here yesterday. I will go to Sirajgonj tomorrow”.

Rule-5: Sir/Madam-_vK‡j respectfully e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|

hands the beggar said, ‟Madam, please give me your cardigan” .