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1.7. Toxicodinàmia. Genotoxicitat
1.7. Toxicodinàmia. Genotoxicitat
Núria De Castro
ndecastro@ub.edu
1.7. Alteracions de la divisió i diferenciació cel·lular: genotoxicitat.
GENOTOXICITAT
Repassem… Com és l’ADN?
G-C
A-T
Ilustraciones Médicas
Repassem… Com és l’ADN?
https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@8.25:fEI3C8Ot@10/Preface
Repassem… Com és l’ADN?
https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@8.25:fEI3C8Ot@10/Preface
• Efectes a nivell somàtic
• Efectes a nivell genètic (Cèl·lules germinals, gàmetes)
efectes en la descendència
Biomarcadors de genotoxicitat
3 tipus diferents:
- Mutacions
- Aberracions cromosòmiques estructurals
- Aberracions cromosòmiques numèriques
Adducte d’ADN: segment d’ADN unit a una substància química.
Pot ser l’inici d’una carcinogènesi.
r
Role of DNA adducts in mutations and chemical carcinogenesis. Mutation induced by the
DNA adduct of aristolochic acid I, an A:T>T:A transversion.
Yun, B. H.. (2020). DNA adducts: Formation, biological effects, and new biospecimens for mass spectrometric measurements in humans.
Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 39. 10.1002/mas.21570.
Danys a l’ADN
BER (Base Excision Repair), HR (Homologous Repair), NHEJ (Non-homologous end joining), NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair), MMR (Mismatch Repair).
Figure 1. Major types of DNA damage, their according repair mechanisms and proteins
involved. BER (Base Excision Repair), HR (Homologous Repair), NHEJ (Non-homologous end
joining), NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair), MMR (Mismatch Repair) and proofreading.
Biomarkers for Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Cancer
by Svenja Wagener-Ryczek ,Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse andJanna Siemanowski
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(7), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11070612
Maintenance of genome integrity and active homologous
recombination in embryonic stem cells, Eui-Hwan Choi, Seobin
a DNA damage. (1) Single-strand breaks (SSBs), (2) apurinic/apyrimidinic
Yoon, Young Eun Koh, Young-Jin Seo & Keun Pil Kim , Experimental (AP) sites, (3) deaminations, (4) T-T dimers, (5) DNA mismatched pairs (base
& Molecular Medicine volume 52, pages1220–1229 (2020) to base), and (6) double-strand breaks (DSBs). b DNA repair processes.
Sistemes de reparació
Standard test battery for genotoxicity : bacterial reverse mutation test with Salmonella
typhimurium
Comet assay