CCDI Electric Circuits Etihad School

If n electrons pass through the cross section of a conducor in time t , then total charge
passed through the conductor is Q = n × e.
1 e = 1.6 × 10 -19 C ; 1 C = 6.25 × 10 18 e
Current : Rate of flow of charge Q 1 C = 1 C s -1
I= 1A=
t 1s
Potential at a point : Amount of work done per unit charge in bringing a postive charge
from infinity to that point ; W
V= 1 V = 1J C -1
Q
A
Potential Difference : VA- VB = W
I

+
l Q i
v

V _ R
V
Ohm’s Law : V = IR R= V 1Ω = 1V Ohmic
B I 1A Conductor

Resistance : Obstruction offered to the flow of current by conductor.

R = ρ l Resistivity ρ = πr R Ω m
2

A l
Ohm’s Law is NOT applicable to

Voltage
a) Unilateral networks : Diodes, Transistors
b) Non- linear elements : Thyristors
Non-Ohmic
Conductor
Current

Band Resistor Combination of Resistance

Series Parallel
R1
1 2 1 2 3 4

+ +
R2 - R1 R2 R3
-

4 3
R3
1 = 1+ 1+1
R = R1 + R2 + R3 R R1 R2 R3

Heating effect of current depends on:

a) Amount of current passing , 2 I
Power P =
H = l 2 Rt V2
b) Resistance of wire , R VI = I 2 R = watts
Joule R
c) Time for which current flows, t Applications

Kirchoff’s 1st Law Kirchoff’s 2nd Law

R1

∑
a b

I = 0 v1
 
+ R2 v2
_ v4

∑
  R3
V = 0 d c

v3
R5
i 1 + i 2= i 3+ i 4
v5