Group 1 Hawking (Final Copy)

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.
Founded 1993
City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines
SMOKING CIGARETTES SERVES AS A WAY TO DEVELOP
VARIOUS NEGATIVE HEALTH ISSUES: A QUALITATIVE
DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING CIGARETTE
TO THE HEALTH OF GRADE-11 STEM STUDENTS
IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Practical Research 1 Presented to the Senior High School
Faculty of Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel
Submitted by:
Researchers:
Acebedo, Arianne
Adjuli, Lynsie
Aguila, Stephany Ashley
Alfaro, Raylynndon
Alfonso, Jene Justin
Añas, Eunice
Bangcayao, Froi
May, - 2022
Founded 1993
SMOKING CIGARETTES SERVES AS A WAY TO DEVELOP
VARIOUS NEGATIVE HEALTH ISSUES: A QUALITATIVE
DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING CIGARETTE
TO THE HEALTH OF GRADE-11 STEM STUDENTS
IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Practical Research 1 Presented to the Senior High School
Faculty of Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel
Submitted by:
Researchers:
Acebedo, Arianne
Adjuli, Lynsie
Alfaro, Raylynndon
Añas, Eunice
Bangcayao, Froi
May, - 2022
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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
We hereby attest to the originality of this research and have cited
properly all the references used. We further commit that this research
paper's intellectual content is the product of our work, even though we may
have received assistance from others on style, presentation, and language
expression. We shall use appropriate citations in referencing other works
from various sources.
We certify that we understand what plagiarism is and accept the
consequences of any plagiarized work submitted by us, singly or as part of
a group.
We certify that the research study has undergone checking for
plagiarism.
Researchers,
Acebedo, Arianne
Adjuli, Lynsie
Alfaro, Raylynndon
Añas, Eunice
Bangcayao, Froi
Ms. Sharmaine Q. Guirren

Teacher in Practical Research 1
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis “A QUALITATIVE DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECTS

OF SMOKING CIGARETTES TO THE HEALTH OF GRADE 11-STEM
STUDENTS IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL ARCHANGEL”
presented and submitted by:
Acebedo, Arianne Alfonso, Jene Justin

Adjuli, Lynsie Añas, Eunice
Aguila, Stephany Ashley Bangcayao, Froi
Alfaro, Raylynndon
As partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Practical Research 1

Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of Colegio de San Gabriel
Arcangel.
Ms. Sharmaine Q. Guirren

Expert Teacher in Practical Research 1
APPROVED
PANEL OF EXAMINERS:
Ms. Sharmaine Guirren

Chairman
Ms. Romayne Antonio

Panel Member
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The researchers would like to thank everyone who contributed to
the success and accomplishment of this study, as well as those who
guided and participated. Without them, the research would not have g
been pgossible. Thank you for your physical and emotional support in
making this study more significant and motivating to achieve.
First of all, we researchers would like to thank our Almighty God
for always assisting us in our research by providing wisdom, strength,
and courage to accomplish this study.
To our supportive family, who gave patience and time for each
one of us and have comforted us in difficult moments in doing this
research.
We would also like to mention and express our sincere gratitude
to our dear teachers, Ms. Joachim Ann Galos, Ms. Jenifer Fajardo and
Ms. Laila David, for allowing us to do our research on their students
and for helping us to reach our target respondents.
To the previous researchers and writers who provided literatures
and studies to enhance our knowledge and have led our research to it's
development.
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To our dear respondents from the three sections of Main Campus
of Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel, we would like to thank you all for
taking the time to offer your thoughts and comments on our study. Thank
you for being open and honest with your information, which aided in the
completion of the research review.
Last but not least, we would like to express our deepest gratitude
to Ms. Sharmaine Guirren for her assistance during the research process.
Thank you for your commitment in assisting us in every element of our
research so that we can complete a successful study.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study, titled "A QUALITATIVE DISQUISITION ON
THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING CIGARETTES ON THE HEALTH OF
GRADE 11-STEM STUDENTS IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL
ARCANGEL," is to discover the effects of smoking on the health of the
students, as well as its various positive and negative effects.
It has been proven by various researches and studies conducted
locally and internationally that the act of smoking has a negative impact on
one's health. This claim has been supported by various literature and
studies conducted and published by previous researchers. It also
elaborates and expands information and matters concerning the tackled
issue. In addition, some unfamiliar terms are given definitions for
clarification in the definition of terms.
The researchers gathered, identified, and summarized all of the
thoughts and opinions from the respective respondents after conducting a
survey among the 11th Grade STEM strand of Colegio de San Gabriel
Arcangel. The gathered data was formulated and concluded as the findings
revealed both positive and negative effects of smoking, with the negative
having a greater impact than the positive. As conclusions were reached, the
researchers made recommendations for our thriving students.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….. i
Certificate of Originality……………………………………………………………... ii
Approval Sheet………………………………………………………………………. iii
Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………… iv-v
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………. vi
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. vii
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction………………………………………………… 1-2
Statement of the Problem………………………………... 3-5
Scope and Delimitation of the Study……………………. 5
Significance of the Study…………………………………. 6-7
Theoretical Framework…………………………………… 8
Definition of Terms………………………………………… 9-11
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature…………………………………………. 12-18
Related Studies……………………………………………. 18-25
Synthesis…………………………………………………… 26-29
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Question………………………………………... 30-31
Research Design………………………………………….. 31
Population, Respondents, Sample, and Sampling
Technique………………………………………………….. 32
Chapter 4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the Problem…………………………………. 33
Findings…………………………………………………….. 33-36
Conclusions………………………………………………... 37-38
Recommendations………………………………………… 38-40
Appendices
Survey Questionnaire……………………………………………………………….. 41-42
References………………………………………………………………………….... 43-46
Letter of Approval……………………………………………………………………. 47-49
Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………... 50-56
Documentation………………………………………………………………………. 57
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
A lot of people have started smoking at a very young age. To some,
they see it as their escape and use it as their antidepressant, to relieve
their stress as they say, while others use this due to peer pressure or just
pure curiosity. Any of these reasons have led them to this kind of activity
that eventually turns into a habit. Cigarettes are composed of various
chemicals and one of those is nicotine which is very addictive, explaining
why many people are using it. Smoking products are produced, traded and
consumed legally just like any other products. This can be easily bought at
any sari-sari store by minor students, resulting in the increasing rate of
teenagers that continuously smoke.
As time goes by, smoking is slowly turning into a normal scenery in
our everyday lives which is very alarming. Research from various researchers
and reminders from the government have been done and implemented to
act on this serious matter and reduce the severity of its causes.
Students, in general, begin smoking out of fascination, and many
become chronic smokers during this time. The perception of cigarettes, the
combined use of alcohol and drugs, intrafamilial connection, and smoking by
friends and parents are all factors associated with regular smoking.
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On the flipside, smoking cigarettes changes the image of the people,
calling it as an act to be a cool person or to impress everyone. But in
reality, it is a wrongdoing especially if they still live in their parent's house
or still don't have an income for themselves, we consider them as a
disrespectful person.
The youth of today are the future's hope. What a nation's future
prospects are established by how its citizens lead their lives. Good health
is crucial in equipping the Philippines' fated young generation. How will this
generation deal with responsibility if something goes wrong with their health?
It is highly concerning that our role models and leaders may have a low
life expectancy in the near future due to smoking habits.
Overall, the purpose of this research is to make students aware of
the many health repercussions of cigarette smoking and how it would affect
their way of living. We also want to gain knowledge about the impacts of
cigarette smoking to the health of the students.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
TOPIC
“A Qualitative Disquisition on the Effects of Smoking Cigarettes to the
Health of Grade 11-STEM Students in Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel."
refers to the condition of a person who smokes and how smoking affects
his/her health.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Smoking is one of the continuously rising issues, it has a great
influence especially in teenagers. The problem of this study is to define its
background and the various effects of smoking on health and how it affects
the students in grade 11-STEM at Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel.
PURPOSE STATEMENT
The purpose of this research is to focus on finding out the primary
factors that affect the physical and mental health by smoking cigarettes to
the students of Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel.
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RESEARCH QUESTION
This study was conducted to investigate the various effects of Smoking
Cigarettes to students mental and physical health among the Grade-11 STEM
of Colegio de San Gabriel Arcanghel in Sapang Palay Bulacan. It also aims
to answer the following questions:
Central Question:
What are the effects of smoking cigarettes to the health of Grade-11
STEM Students in Colegio De San Gabriel Arcangel
Sub-Question:
1. Demographic Profile
o Name (optional)
o Age
o Gender
2. Do you smoke? Why?
3. If you are a smoker, how do you feel when smoking? If not, what
do you think smoker feels when they smoke?
4. When smokers smoke frequently, how does their body react? If
you are a smoker, kindly please share your experience and if not,
we will appreciate your guess/thoughts in terms of this matter.
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5. Do you believe that smoking has positive and negative effects?
Why? What do you think are the positive and negative effects of
smoking?
6. Does the positive effects dominant than the negative, or the other
way around? Why?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study is being carried out among 50 chosen Grade 11-STEM
students from the Senior High School Department of Colegio de San Gabriel
Archangel Hotel Campus. This research will primarily focus on identifying and
evaluating the various effects of smoking cigarettes in student's health. It is
entitled “A Qualitative Disquisition on the Effects of Smoking Cigarettes to
the Health of Grade 11-STEM students in Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel.”
The researchers guarantee that all of the respondents are only limited among
the Grade 11-STEM students of Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel in Sapang
palay, Bulacan.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Smoking is one of the greatest causes of mortality and it is unusual
for people to begin smoking particularly among students. Hence, this research
is crucial in order for us to determine the positive and negative health
impacts of smoking.
Subsequently, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of smoking
cigarettes to the health of Grade-11 STEM Students of Colegio De San
Gabriel Arcangel Hotel Campus.
As a further matter, the findings of this study could be highly significant
and valuable to the following:
To the students; This research will help the students to distinguish the
various effects of cigarette smoking on their health.
To the parents; This research will assist the parents in guiding their
children's actions in order to prevent the spread of smoking activities among
students.
To the teachers; This study would provide guidance to teachers on how
to deal with students who smoke and encourage them to take time to
educate their students about the many health implications of smoking, as
well as establishing authority to reduce the smoking rate among students.
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To the school heads and administrators; This research will assist school
heads and administrators in making decisions about how to reduce the
prevalence of smoking among students. They can also hold seminars on
the effects of smoking on student's health so that they can learn more
about it.
To the researchers; This will be a tool that will lead and navigate them in
uncovering authentic, efficient, and crucial aspects impacting the health of
smoking students as a result of this research. Undoubtedly, this research
will be the most valuable source of information for them in their future
studies.
To the future researchers; By performing this research, future researchers
will be greatly aided since it will serve as a reference for them to conduct
their own research that also addresses the consequences of smoking
cigarettes on the health of the students.
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
According to Stephen A. Eraker, Marshall H. Becker, Victor J. Strecher,
and John P. Kirscht. The American journal of medicine, vol. 78, no. 5, pp.
817-825, 1985, found that smoking has an impact on a person's perception
of the importance of good health. Health beliefs, decision analysis, and
behavioral decision theory are combined in this third-generation model. The
theoretical implications of smoking causes disease and impairment, as well
as harm to nearly all of the body's organs.
The researcher's proposal is linked to the smoking hypothesis and it
aims to raise awareness about the negative effects of smoking. Cancer,
heart disease, lung disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are
all linked to smoking.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
adolescent -(of a young person) in the process of developing from a child
into an adult.
Asthma -is a disease that affects your lungs. It is one of the most common
long-term diseases of children, but adults can have asthma, too.
Binary regression -In statistics, specifically regression analysis, a binary
regression estimates a relationship between one or more explanatory variables
and a single output binary variable. Generally the probability of the two
alternatives is modeled, instead of simply outputting a single value, as in
linear regression.
biochemical -1 : of or relating to biochemistry. 2 : characterized by, produced
by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms, a biochemical defect
in the brain. Other Words from biochemical More Example Sentences Phrases
Containing biochemical Learn More About biochemical.
cross-sectional study -In medical research, social science, and biology, a
cross-sectional study is a type of observational study that analyzes data
from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—
that is, cross-sectional data.
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E-cigarette -is a liquid typically containing nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin,
flavorings, and other chemicals. Nicotine is the addictive drug found in regular
cigarettes and other tobacco products.
Logistic regression -In statistics, the logistic model is used to model the
probability of a certain class or event taking place, such as the probability
of a team winning, of a patient being healthy, etc. This can be extended
to model several classes of events such as determining whether an image
contains a cat, dog, lion, etc
Lung cancer -is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Your lungs are
two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and
release carbon dioxide when you exhale.
Neuropharmacology -is the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous
system, aiming to develop compounds to benefit humans with psychiatric
and neurological disease.
non-communicable disease(NCD) -is a disease that is not transmissible
directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease,
autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart diseases, most cancers, diabetes,
chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease,
cataracts, and others.
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Pediatric Pulmonology -is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering
pediatric pulmonology
Pulmonary hypertension -is an increase in pressure in the blood vessels
that carry blood to the lungs. It is a serious health problem
Schizophrenia -is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality
abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations,
delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily
functioning, and can be disabling.
Secondhand smoke -is the combination of smoke from the burning end of
a cigarette and the smoke breathed out by smokers. Secondhand smoke
contains more than 7,000 chemicals, of which hundreds are toxic and about
70 can cause cancer.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
FOREIGN LITERATURE
Exploration of the link between tobacco retailers in school neighborhoods
and student smoking
Monica L Adams et al. | 2013
School smoking bans empower administrators to create a smoke-
free atmosphere, but establishing laws within the school walls is only one
step toward complete tobacco prevention among children. It is vital to
look into elements outside of the school site, such as the surrounding
community. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link
between the density of tobacco merchants, the rate of illegal tobacco
sales in school neighborhoods, and student smoking habits. The study
is pointing out the merchant of tobacco outside the school, tobacco
may be unavailable in school to provide a tobacco-free school but
outside the school a lot sells tobacco even at underage students.
Mental health and the association between asthma and E-cigarette use
among young adults in the United States: a mediation analysis
Abdullah MM Alanazi et al. | 2020
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Young adults with asthma are more likely to use e-cigarettes,
perhaps increasing the risk of pulmonary problems. Because substance
use patterns start in early adulthood, it's critical to pinpoint the
characteristics that can help combat this new public health issue. Poor
mental health could be one of these factors.
E-cigarette use was substantially greater among young adults
with present or previous asthma (9.90%) than among those without
asthma (13.09%). (9.58 percent ). Furthermore, young adults with
present or former asthma had significantly more negative mental health
days in the previous 30 days than those without asthma (Mean
(Standard Deviation): 6.85 (0.42), 4.18 (0.85) versus 3.83 (0.17),
respectively. Finally, we discovered a statistically significant indirect
effect of asthma on the likelihood of e-cigarette use via mental health,
such that the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among those with
current or former asthma was statistically explained by a higher number
of bad mental health days in the previous 30 days.
Poor mental health accounted for the greater prevalence of e-
cigarette usage among persons with asthma, which is consistent with
mediation. Longitudinal research, including those on the effects of e-
cigarette usage on mental health, are needed to investigate causal
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linkages. Mental health services could help this vulnerable demographic
improve their health and well-being.
The association between schizophrenia and cigarette smoking: a review of
the literature and implications for mental health nursing practice
Andrea McCloughen | 2003
Despite a decrease in smoking rates in the general population,
people with schizophrenia continue to smoke at worrisome rates,
resulting in ill health. It appears that this group's efforts to encourage
healthy behaviors have been hampered by insufficient and contradictory
knowledge, outdated beliefs, and poor initiatives. This research
examines the literature on the link between nicotine addiction and
schizophrenia, as well as possible reasons. Smoking and schizophrenia
have complex psychopathological, biochemical, and
neuropharmacological connections. The intersection of schizophrenia
and smoking behavior, particularly among individuals in mental health
facilities, is investigated, as well as rationales for managing this
manifestation. Furthermore, conclusions are drawn about the role of
mental health nurses in the care of this group , with implications
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LOCAL LITERATURE
The "Smoking" problem
Rufino Rios | 2018
Smoking is such a widespread problem, prompting the
government to prohibit it in all public places throughout the country.
It is so common an issue that everybody has come to understand
the word “smoking” to mean “smoking tobacco. ”Smoking is a major
public health concern, posing health risks not only for the smokers
themselves but also for others around when the smokers smoke .
Smoking, thus, has become a completely negative idea, act or
habit. Most people, including the smokers themselves, would attest
that it is a bad thing. Curiously, while smoking is generally perceived
to be a bad thing, many people continue to fall into the habit.
The effects of tobacco smoke on people’s health are dreadful.
The medical establishment has long proven that smoking causes lung
cancer, among many other serious ailments. More and more
governments all over the world are responding by banning smoking in
public places. And yet, cigarettes continue to be widely available and
fairly inexpensive to buy. Smoking cigarettes is not a luxury only for
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the moneyed. Cigarettes are widely attainable by most people, even
by very young people with yet no income of their own
DOH: Smoking can break your heart
Gabriel Pabico Lalu | June 01, 2018
Tobacco use and secondhand smoke could lead to heartbreak.
This was the admonition of Health Secretary Francisco Duque, as he
reminded Filipinos to stop smoking and pick a solid way of life to try
not to experience the ill effects of unsafe impacts of tobacco use. "I
would like to reiterate that tobacco use and breathing secondhand
smoke may indead break your heart, "Duque said in an explanation
on Thursday - the World No Tobacco Day. The subject of the World
Health Organization (WHO) during the current year's recognition was
"Tobacco Breaks Hearts. "You might have heard this a million times,
smoking is dangerous to your health, but we still want to remind you
every time we have a chance," Duque added. He also emphasized
the new implications of smoking, especially to the blood flow in the
body. "Tobacco smoke thickens the blood, increases the risk of blood
clot, narrows the arteries and restricts oxygen in the blood," he
explained.
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Doctors urge smokers: Commit to quit, not to shift to e-cigarette
Klaire Ting | May 31, 2021
Medical doctors on Monday renewed their call for a stop to the
use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products, which they
say are not healthier alternatives to regular cigarettes, as the tobacco
industry claims. “Why would you replace one addiction with another
addiction?” asked Dr. Corry Avanceña, a pediatric pulmonologist from
the Philippine Pediatric Society, Inc., referring to the novel products
which are being touted as safe transitions for those who want to quit
smoking. “Based on studies, consumers usually finish two pods a day.
This is equivalent to 40 cigarettes, so where is the step down there?”
she said during a forum on Monday, May 31, organized by public
interest law organization Imagine Law to mark World No Tobacco
Day.
“Commit to quit, not to shift,” Avanceña said. E-cigarettes or
electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that contain nicotine
and emit vaporized smoke which can be harmful to breathe in, even
for exposed bystanders, according to the United States’ Center for
Disease Control and Prevention. The Department of Health (DOH) has
cautioned that smoking and vaping can affect the immune system,
making smokers less able to fight off infections, especially amid the
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pandemic where the novel coronavirus is easily transmissible through
the nose and mouth.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
FOREIGN STUDIES
Relation between Smoking Habits and Self-Rated Health of Older Persons
in the Philippines: Evidence-Based Tobacco Policy Advocacy
Shisho Kashiwagi et al. | 2017
According to Kashiwagi et. al (2017), Tobacco is one of the risk
factors for non-communicable disease. The Philippine's smoking rate
for people aged 15 years and older is 23.8%, which is high in Asian
countries. This study aimed to investigate whether older persons’
smoking habits are associated with lower self-rated health (SRH) and
advocate for policy amendment in the Philippines. This research
conducted a cross-sectional study on 300 eligible Filipinos aged 60
and over living in Metro Manila, Quezon City, from November 2012
to March 2013. The number of effective answers was 300.
Demographic and SRH data were collected. Binary regression
analysesand logistic regression models were used for this analysis
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after testing for “multicollinearity”. In total, 40.33% of older persons
perceived higher self-rated health; 14.00% of them had a smoking
habit, and 24.67% of them drank alcohol. A multivariable analysis
showed that the factors associated with better SRH among older
persons in this study were more total education years, fewer total
number of symptoms, longer sleep hours, more cigarettes per day,
more alcohol consumption per day, having friends and having medical
insurance. In agreement with previous studies, education, symptoms,
sleep, alcohol, social networks, and insurance were associated with
SRH. Regarding the relation between tobacco and SRH, there were
two different outcomes. This research showed a positive association
between tobacco and SRH. Not having universal coverage of medical
insurance to address health concerns and a social custom of selling
tobacco were associated with a positive relation between tobacco and
SRH. Amendment of tobacco policies to expand health insurance and
to limit selling tobacco in the street might help modify the SRH of
older persons in the Philippines.
As a consequence, tobacco kills approximately 87,600 Filipinos
per year (240 deaths every day); one third of them are men in the
most productive age of their lives. The treatment of tobacco-related
illnesses costs the Philippines $858 million USD each year.
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The Impact of Tobacco Use on COVID-19 Outcomes
Baker, et. al | 2022
Tobacco use is a well-documented risk factor for hypertension,
lung disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes and is a
leading cause of chronic disease and death worldwide. Additionally,
cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for contracting infectious
respiratory diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and MERS, as
well as exacerbating the outcomes of those infections. Research has
found that smoking increases ACE2 receptors in the lungs, indicating
that smokers may be more vulnerable to infection. While the exact
mechanisms of the interaction between tobacco and the RAS are
complex, evidence shows that nicotine itself dysregulates the RAS.
Since preexisting dysregulation of the RAS and its associated
comorbidities worsen the severity and outcomes of COVID-19,
understanding the impact of tobacco use on COVID-19 outcomes
could significantly impact both prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Given the explosion of research on SARS-CoV-2, systematic
reviews of the literature are needed to inform evidence-based policies
and practices to reduce the population impact of COVID-19. Since
tobacco is a known risk factor for other infectious diseases, several
reviews have focused on its impact on COVID-19. The earliest review
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of COVID-19 and smoking that the authors are aware of was
completed in March 2020 and provided initial findings from January
to February 2020. Reviewing five relatively small studies, all from
China, the study concluded that tobacco smoking likely had a negative
impact on COVID-19 disease progression and outcomes. Several
reviews followed in early 2020, all of which relied heavily on relatively
small studies from China.
Current Cigarette Smoking and Its Predictors among School-Going
Adolescents in East Africa
Tezera, et. al | 2019
Tobacco smoking is one of the notable public health threats
killing more people than HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria in the
world. It is projected that by the end of 2030, the number of deaths
would increase by 8 million per year and could account for 10% of
the total global mortality by 2020, killing nearly one billion people.
Moreover, in developing countries, tobacco smoking has been
responsible for an increasing burden of noncommunicable causes of
deaths and diseases. Evidence shows that sustained tobacco use
leads to different health consequences due to exposure to nicotine For
instance, major depression, anxiety, periodontal, peripheral, vascular,
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and heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
pneumonia, and lung cancers have been recorded among cigarette
smokers. Moreover, smoking also exposed smokers to many risky
behaviors, like fighting and unprotected sex .
In the world, many adults mostly begin to smoke at the age of
adolescence, the period at which young people are usually exposed
to tobacco experimentation and/or smoking their first cigarettes . Today,
more than 600,000 and 3 million middle- and high-school students
have experienced smoking cigarettes, respectively. Worldwide,
sustainable development goals have been planned to reduce cigarette
smoking by implementing different strategies like advertising
restrictions, changing policies, and implementing school health
education and community advocacy programs. For example, a school-
based program can reduce short-term smoking prevalence in the range
of 30%-70%.
LOCAL STUDIES
Addressing the tobacco epidemic in the Philippines
B. Bellew et al. | 2013
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B. Bellew et .at (2013) in this work entitled "Addressing the
tobacco epidemic in the Philippines". Tobacco use places an
unacceptable burden on public health in the Philippines. Approximately
four in 10 students in the Philippines reported ever smoking cigarettes
(i.e., even one or two puffs): 42.8% in 2000 and 41.9% in 2003.
Adolescent boys were significantly more likely than adolescent girls to
have ever smoked. Approximately one in eight students who had
smoked cigarettes reported smoking their first cigarette before age 10
years. 17.3 million adults (28% of the population) use tobacco in the
Philippines. Men (48%) have higher rates of smoking than women
(9%). 5 5% of youth (ages 13-15) and 40% of adults are exposed to
second-hand smoke in their homes.
The Effect of Sin Tax and Anti-Smoking Campaign in Regulating Cigarette
Smokers in Davao City, Philippines
Roperto Deluna et al. | 2015
The effectiveness of the Davao City Sin Tax and Anti-Smoking
Media Campaign in restricting cigarette smokers was investigated in
this study. To present the socio demographic, awareness of anti-
smoking media campaigns, and a smoker's perception and attitude,
descriptive statistics were used. The response of smokers to the Sin
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Tax was determined using logistic regression analysis. The findings
found that contemporary cigarette smokers are predominantly male,
aged 10 to 24, employed, unmarried, with a smaller family size, live
in cities, and have attended school for 8 to 11 years. According to
the respondents' perceptions, anti-smoking media campaigns had no
effect on their smoking habits. However, the majority of cigarette
smokers are aware of the anti-smoking policy and have reduced their
cigarette usage as a result. The result from Logit Regression Analysis
demonstrated that occupational status, location and number of years
in schooling are important and having beneficial effects on their
cigarette usage in response to Sin Tax. Gender, age, marital status,
family size, income change, cigarette price, and rice price are all
unimportant variables.
Cigarette-smoking behavior correlates with high anxiety among university
students.
Helena B. Florendo, 2014
According to Florendo (2014), cigarette smoking is always
harmful since it is one of the primary reasons for human death.
However, smoking can be prevented. In the Philippines, there is a
dearth of studies conducted that deal with cigarette smoking and
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anxiety among college students. Of 1,866 freshman students surveyed
at Isabela State University Main Campus, Philippines, 286 were current
smokers. The findings of her study revealed that most of the
participants were in their adolescence stage, male-dominated, received
minimal allowance, had parents with high educational attainment, and
their parents’ jobs required physical labor. It also showed that peer,
familial, mass media, and environmental factors, except for the teacher
factor, had a considerable impact on the smoking behavior of the
participants. It also indicated that most smokers have a high level of
anxiety. Anxiety is significantly related to the developmental stage
when one starts smoking and the number of sticks he/she consumes
per day.
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SYNTHESIS
RELATED LITERATURE
FOREIGN LITERATURE
Schools and Universities have started banning and creating an action with
the said issue, smoking. Through the years, the act of smoking among students
have increased. Monica L Adams et al. (2013), stated that one of the factor that
affects it's increasing rate are the elements outside the school site, such as the
surrounding community that even if tobacco will be unavailable in school to provide
a tabacco-free school, the outside community will still sells tobacco even at
underage students. Overtime, smoking have evolved too, it improved and a lot of
alternatives have been produced just like e-cigarettes. According to Abdullah MM
Alanazi et al. (2020) , e-cigarette are most common used among young adults with
present or previous asthma (9.90%) than those without asthma (13.09%). They
statistically explained that adults with present or former asthma had significantly
more negative mental health days in the previous 30 days than those without
asthma. Similarly, Andrea McCloughen (2003) asserts that another health
condition are in used of smoking. But this condition involves the mentality, adults
with schizophrenia are continuously smoking at worrisome rates, resulting in ill
health and it is due to insufficient and contradictory knowledge, outdated beliefs,
and poor initiatives.
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LOCAL LITERATURE
According to Rufino Rios (2018), the majority of individuals, including
smokers, agree that it is a bad thing. Tobacco smoke has a terrible impact on
people's health. Cigarettes are not a privilege reserved for the wealthy. Cigarettes
are easily available to most people, including the young ones who still don't have
their own source of income. In Gabriel Pabico Lalu (June 2018), it stated that
tobacco use and secondhand smoke could cause heartbreak, according to Health
Secretary Francisco Duque, who urged Filipinos to quit smoking and choose a
healthy lifestyle to avoid the negative effects of cigarette smoking. He stated that
using tobacco and breathing secondhand smoke may indeed break your heart.
According to Duque, smoking is dangerous to our health because of it will cause
negative effects on our body. He also emphasized that it may also have a new
implications especially the blood flow in the body. He also explained that tobacco
smoke can thicken the blood, increases the risk of blood clot, narrows the arteries
and restricts oxygen in blood which can also lead to severe diseases. In Kaire Ting
(May 2021), medical professionals reinforced their appeal on Monday for an end
to the use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products, claiming that they
are not better alternatives to ordinary cigarettes, as the tobacco industry says. The
Department of Health (DOH) has cautioned that smoking and vaping can
affect the immune system, making smokers less able to fight off infections,
especially amid the pandemic where the novel coronavirus is easily transmissible
through the nose and mouth.
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RELATED STUDIES
FOREIGN STUDIES
In Kashiwagi et. al (2017), the goal of this study was to see if older
people's smoking behaviors are linked to poor Self-Rated Health (SRH) and
to argue for policy changes in the Philippines. It indicated that tobacco and
SRH have a beneficial relationship. As a result, tobacco kills approximately
87,600 Filipinos per year (roughly 240 deaths per day), with nearly one-third
of them being men in their prime working years. According to Baker, et. al
(2022) Tobacco use is a well-documented risk factor for hypertension, lung
disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes and is a leading cause
of chronic disease and death worldwide. It can also have an impact in
Covid19-related disease which can be dangerous to people who smoke.
According to Tezera, et. al (2019). Most of the smoking experience starts
in adolescence which can be considered as their personal choice or just an
experimentation for themselves. Studies say that Tobacco smoking is
considered a major threat when it comes in public and it kills people more
than HIV/AIDS , Tuberculosis and Malaria in the world.
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LOCAL STUDIES
According to B. Bellew et. al (2013), teenage boys were much more
likely than adolescent girls to have ever smoked. To summarize, men smoke
at a greater rate than women. In their households, 55 percent of 13 to 15
year old and 40% of adults are exposed to secondhand smoking. Additionally
the study of Roperto Deluna et al (2015), found out that contemporary
cigarrette smoker are predominantly male, age to 10 to 24, employed,
unmarried, with a smaller family size, live in cities and attended school 8
to 11 years. According to the respondents anti-media smoking campaigns
had no effect on their smoking habits, however, the majority of cigarette
smokers are aware of the anti-smoking policy and have reduced their
cigarette usage as a result. In the study of Floredo (2014), just like the two
study it stated that most of the participants were on adolescence stage,
male-dominated, received minimal allowance, had parents with high
educational attainment, and their parents’ jobs required physical labor. It also
showed that peer, familial, mass media, and environmental factors, except
for the teacher factor, had a considerable impact on the smoking behavior
of the participants. Their study also showed that most of the smoker are at
high level of anxiety, out of 1,866 freshman students surveyed in Isabela
State University Main Campus, 286 were current smokers. Anxiety is
significantly related to the developmental stage when one starts smoking
and the number of sticks he/she consumes per day.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH QUESTION
This chapter explained the methodology used in soughting the needed
information in the study entitled ‘’A Qualitative Disquisition on the Effects of
Smoking Cigarette to the Health of Grade 11-STEM Students in Colegio De
San Gabriel Arcangel’’. This Chapter also discussed the used of the most
effective and appropriate methodology, respondents, and population to the
said study.
Central Question:
What are the effects of smoking cigarettes to the health of Grade-11 STEM
Students in Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel?
Sub-question:
1. Demographic Profile
• Name (optional)
• Grade and Section
• Age
• Gender
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3. If you are a smoker, how do you feel when smoking? If not, what
do you think smoker feels when they smoke?
4. When smokers smoke frequently, how does their body react? If you
are a smoker, kindly please share your experience and if not, we will
appreciate your guess/thoughts in terms of this matter.
5. Do you believe that smoking has positive and negative effects? Why?
What do you think is the positive and negative effects of smoking?
6. Is the positive effects dominant than the negative, or the other way
a round? Why?
RESEARCH DESIGN
A qualitative method was used in this study to determine the effects
of smoking cigarettes on the health of grade 11-STEM students in Colegio
de San Gabriel Archangel. The researchers used a self-administered
questionnaire to support this study. A self-administered questionnaire is a
specifically designed questionnaire to be answered by respondents without
the involvement of researchers. The purpose of this approach is to ensure
that the respondents answer each question themselves. The researchers used
descriptive design because it is an effective way for accurately describing
the facts and information of a specific population.
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POPULATION, RESPONDENT, SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The population of this study were collected from the three sections
of Grade-11 STEM students of Colegio De San Gabriel Arcanghel. The
survey was completed by the chosen respondents which included (50)
students from three different sections: Hawking, Curie and Einstein. The
researchers employed a quota sampling technique for this study. The
researchers utilized this type of sampling to gather information in order to
determine the effects of smoking on the health of Grade-11 STEM students
in CDSGA.
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Chapter 4
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMENDATIONS
SUMMARY OF THE PROBLEM
This qualitative research aims to determine the effects of smoking
cigarettes to the health of first year senior highschool Students in Colegio
De San Gabriel Arcangel. Through all the data gathered by the researchers,
it’s stated that smoking highly affects negatively to the students health. The
researchers adopted descriptive research method in order to determine and
answer the research problems. Data gathering was done through the use of
online questionnaire and test material. As a result, the researchers found
out that smoking is more likely to give negative effects on health than
positive.
FINDINGS
Central Question
What do you think are the effects of smoking cigarettes to the health
of Grade-11 STEM students in Colegio De San Gabriel Archangel?
Most of the respondents stated that smoking causes a mountainous
amount of negative effects exposing us to respiratory illnesses and serious
health issues. According to them, smoking also increases risk for tuberculosis,
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certain eye diseases, and weaken our immune system. It have a worse
effect on students especially that they are too young to be exposed in this
kind of activity, it can affect their total well-being, mentally and physically
(tooth decay, yellow teeth, weight loss). It reduces the learning productivity
of a student as it lessen their stamina and addiction will take over. Aside
from that, smoking also affects how you look, feel, your finances, and the
people that are close to you as your behavior, appearance, and decline in
physical fitness will be encountered. They also stated that smoking shorten
the lifespan of an individual as some serious diseases leads to death.
Sub questions
Most of the respondents stated that they are non-smokers as they
are aware that smoking have various negative effects such as hardness in
breathing, headache, heavy dry cough, and leads to serious diseases. While
2 smoker said that they do this activity to cope up with stress and to
release all their problems in life.
2. If you are a smoker, how do you feel when smoking? If not, what do
you think smoker feels when they smoke?
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Most of the respondents said that smokers seems to forget their
problems when smoking. It calms, relaxes, and relieves their stress and
anxiety. Smoking causes the brain to release adrenaline that creates a buzz
of pleasure and energetic feeling when the nicotine hits their body making
it extremely addictive, to the point that quitting is difficult.
3. When smokers smoke frequently, how does their body react? If you are
a smoker, kindly please share your experience and if not, we will appreciate
your guess/thoughts in terms of this matter.
Most of the respondents answered that smoker's body tend to build
up a high tolerance to nicotine making their body adapt. Smoking for awhile
can satisfy their needs and addiction but their body will react otherwise, it
will take time for their body to react and then smoking can destroy them
little by little. First on their system, it becomes polluted causing them to
experience minor respiratory problems such as shortness in breathing,
coughing, wheezing that can be a synonym of lung irritation. It will then
affect their appearance, their teeth will start to become yellowish, lips will
start to darken, changes of the smell of their breathe will also be noticed.
With all of the minor problems presented it indicates that their immune
system starts to weaken that they get easily tired and weak and are exposed
to discomfort, injury, and diseases.
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4. Do you believe that smoking has positive and negative effects, Why?
Most of the respondents stated that smoking has both negative and
positive effects. Most of the students answered more about the negative
effects of smoking than the positive effects. They stated that the negative
effects of smoking are that it slowly damages the body. Smoking can make
us ill and make us prone to illnesses such as heart disease, lung disease,
strokes, and diabetes. It is additionally difficult to avoid due to the addiction
to it and can cause financial problems. However, some students stated that
the positive effects of smoking are that it can be a stress reliever, provide
a relaxing effect, and serve as a coping mechanism to forget about their
problem.
around? Why?
Most respondents stated that the negative effects were more dominant
than the positive effects of smoking. It is because the positive effects are
only temporary, but the negative effects can become life-term.
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CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. Based on the researchers examination on the survey findings, the
majority of the respondents claimed that smoking can cause such
negative consequences that includes of having a lung-related diseases
and/or having a serious health problems. It can changes one's
appearance, behavior and physical fitness and it is also mentioned
that smoking can reduces one's lifespan because it causes death from
certain serious illnesses.
2. The majority of the respondents are non-smokers due to their
awareness of the harmful effects of smoking to their bodies.
3. Most of the respondents claimed that smoking can help them forget
about their problems. Smoking can relaxes, unwind, and relieves
tension. This is due to the brain's release of adrenaline, which causes
a buzz of pleasure and an active feeling when nicotine enters their
body, making it addicted. That is why it is difficult to quit smoking.
4. The consequences of smoking are not immediately apparent to the
smokers but it will gradually destroys the body which can lead to
more serious effects such as weakening of their immune system or
worst, having severe lung-related diseases.
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5. Smoking has both negative and positive effects. Smoking has a
number of harmful consequences, including the gradual deterioration
of the body and the increased risk of serious illnesses. On the other
hand, it can be a stress reliever and a coping strategy for people
who want to forget about their problems.
6. The majority of the respondents stated that the negative effects were
more dominant than the positive effects of smoking.
RECOMMENDATION
1. Upon examining our conclusions, the researchers have come up to a
recommendation related to the effects of smoking to the students. The
researchers advised against smoking because of its stated and proven
negative effects such as it shortens our lives, weakens our immune
system and can surely affects our academic behavior that came from
the majority of the respondents
2. After reviewing the data gather by the study, the researcher have
come up with a recommendation for the students who still smoke.
Although most of the respondents are non-smokers, some still continue
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to do this harmful activity we therefore advice that finding an alternative
to relieve stress like participating in activities that doesn't involves
smoking are better than to continue use this as stress reliever.
3. After reviewing the outcomes of the study, the researchers have made
a recommendation for the students who are smoker as well as for
the non-smoker. Based on the conducted study, it is said that smoking
can help you to forget your problems but it leads to addiction,
addiction as we know are mostly harmful hence it is not advisable to
use smoking to forget your problems, to make a step on your process
on how to quit smoking, we advice that you should first identify your
smoking triggers and from that you can avoid smoking slowly.
4. From the data gathered, we then come up to a recommendation that
smoking is not recommended due to its harmful effects to our whole
system including physically, mentally, and can be emotionally, you can
ask for professional advice or even search on internet on how to
control and stop smoking as they suggest a clear option on how to
stop smoking such as nicotine replacement therapy
5. After reviewing the data gathered by the study, the researcher made
a recommendation for the students as smoking indeed have both a
positive and negative effects. Negative effects have made a strong a
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impact than the positive we therefore advice that smoking should be
avoided as this eventually leads to more serious cases that might
cause you death.
6. Base on the data gathered by the researchers, the researchers
therefore recommended that it is preferable to avoid smoking because
the negative impacts clearly outnumber the good advantages of this
harmful activity.
7. We would also like to give a recommendation to the parents to be
a good role model and keep the environment healthy since
environment plays a big role in terms of influencing.
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APPENDICES
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Central Question:
What do you think are the effects of smoking cigarettes to the health of
Grade-11 STEM students in Colegio De San Gabriel Archangel?
Sub Questions:
Demographic Profile
• Name (optional):
• Grade & Section :
• Age:
• Gender:
2. If you are a smoker, how do you feel when smoking? If not, what do
you think smoker feels when they smoke?
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3. When smokers smoke frequently, how does their body react? If you are
a smoker, kindly please share your experience and if not, we will appreciate
your guess/thoughts in terms of this matter.
4. Do you believe that smoking has positive and negative effects? Why?
around? Why?
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REFERENCES
FOREIGN LITERATURE
Exploration of the link between tobacco retailers in school neighborhoods
and student smoking
Monica L Adams et al. | 2013
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=how+smoking+affe
cts+health+of+student+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DQzbSbxopxaUJ
Mental health and the association between asthma and E-cigarette use
among young adults in the United States: a mediation analysis
Abdullah MM Alanazi et al. | 2020
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=effect+of+cigarette
+on+mental+health&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D7Z6Qj9YjVjcJ
The association between schizophrenia and cigarette smoking: a review of
the literature and implications for mental health nursing practice
Andrea McCloughen | 2003
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=effect+of+cigarette
+on+mental+health&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D00js4FLsFPoJ
LOCAL LITERATURE
The "Smoking" problem
Rufino Rios | 2018
https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-
lifestyle/2018/11/12/1867780/smoking-problem
DOH: Smoking can break your heart
Gabriel Pabico Lalu | June 01, 2018
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/996473/doh-smoking-can-break-your-heart
Doctors urge smokers: Commit to quit, not to shift to e-cigarette
Klaire Ting | May 31, 2021
https://verafiles.org/articles/doctors-urge-smokers-commit-quit-not-shift-e-
cigarettes
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FOREIGN STUDIES
Relation between Smoking Habits and Self-Rated Health of Older Persons
in the Philippines: Evidence-Based Tobacco Policy Advocacy
Shisho Kashiwagi et al. | 2017
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=79459
The Impact of Tobacco Use on COVID-19 Outcomes
Baker, et. Al | 2022
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777389/
Current Cigarette Smoking and Its Predictors among School-Going
Adolescents in East Africa
Tezera, et. al | 2019
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpedi/2019/4769820/
LOCAL STUDIES
Addressing the tobacco epidemic in the Philippines
B. Bellew et al. | 2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4463107/
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The Effect of Sin Tax and Anti-Smoking Campaign in Regulating Cigarette
Smokers in Davao City, Philippines
Roperto Deluna et al. | 2015
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=50&q=how+tobacco+affects+health+of+
filipino+students&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1650935011673&u=%23p%3
DBpQH4LYDBIkJ
Cigarette-smoking behavior correlates with high anxiety among university
students.
Helena B. Florendo | 2014
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=2662
Google Scholar
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LETTER OF APPROVAL
April 12, 2022
Ms. Laila N. David

Adviser, 11-Hawking
Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel
San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan
Dear_Ma’am Laila David_:
May I have the honor to request permission to conduct our study entitled, “A
QUALITATIVE DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECT OF SMOKING CIGARETTE TO
THE HEALTH OF GRADE-11 STEM STUDENTS IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL
ARCHANGEL”. This is in partial fulfillment of the course requirements in Practical
Research 1.
The undersigned will utilize a survey-questionnaire as the instrument in collecting

essential data for the study.
The Grade-11 STEM senior high school of CDSGA are the respondents for this
research. All responses will be treated with utmost confidentiality.
Hoping for your favorable approval in this regard.
Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,
Acebedo, Arianne
Adjuli, Lynsie
Alfaro, Raylynndon
Añas, Eunice
Bangcayao, Froi
-Researchers
Approved by:
Sharmaine Q. Guirren
PR 1, Teacher
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April 12, 2022
Ms. Joachim Ann I. Galos

Adviser, 11-Curie
Dear_Ma’am Joachim Galos_:
Research 1.


Respectfully yours,
Acebedo, Arianne
Adjuli, Lynsie
Alfaro, Raylynndon
Añas, Eunice
Bangcayao, Froi
-Researchers
Approved by:
PR 1, Teacher
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April 12, 2022
Ms. Jennifer Fajardo

Adviser, 11-Einstein
Dear_Ma’am Jennifer Fajardo_:
Research 1.


Respectfully yours,
Acebedo, Arianne
Adjuli, Lynsie
Alfaro, Raylynndon
Añas, Eunice
Bangcayao, Froi
-Researchers
Approved by:
PR 1, Teacher
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CURICULUM VITAE
Name: Arianne G. Acebedo
Address: Blk 201 Unit 1, Phase 7, NHV, Brgy. Tigbe,

Norzagaray, Bulacan
E-mail: acebedoarianne6@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 17
Gender: Female
Contact Number: 09164318220
Date of Birth: January 29, 2005
Place of Birth: Quezon City
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Mother’s Name: Genalie G. Acebedo
Father’s Name: Allan B. Acebedo
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary School: Sauyo Elementary School
Junior High School: North Hills Village High School
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Name: Lynsie V. Adjuli
Address: Blk 77 Lot 20 Phase 5 Brgy. Minuyan

Proper City of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan,
Bulacan
E-mail: lynsieadjuli@gmail.com
Age: 17
Gender: Female
Contact Number: N/A
Date of Birth: September 12, 2004
Place of Birth: Manila, Philippines
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name: Jellynie Villareal
Father’s Name: Faidal Adjuli
Elementary School: Rosauro Almario Elementary School/ Goldenville Elementary

School
Junior High School: Minuyan National Highschool
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Name: Stephany Ashley B. Aguila
Address: Blk 47 Lot 4 Phase 5 Minuyan Proper City

of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan, Philippines
E-mail: stephanyaguila4@gmail.com
Age: 17
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: January 11, 2005
Place of Birth: Quezon City
Religion: Catholic
Mother’s Name: Grace B. Aguila
Father’s Name: Oliver N. Aguila
Elementary School: Lumampao Elementary School
Junior High School: Minuyan National Highschool
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Name: Raylynndon M. Alfaro
Address: Brgy. 4 Villarosa Street, Mamburao

Occidental Mindoro
E-mail: raylynndonalfaro@gmail.com
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: August 7,2005
Place of Birth: Mamburao
Religion: Christian
Mother’s Name: Analyn Alfaro
Father’s Name: Reynald Alfaro
Elementary School: Mamburao Central School
Junior High School:Occidental Mindoro National High School
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Name: Jene Justin G. Alfonso
Address: Blk 21 Lot 25 FVR Phase 2 Norzagaray

Bulacan
E-mail: Justinjalfonso16@gmail.com
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: June 16, 2005
Place of Birth: Manila
Religion: INC
Mother’s Name: Jelita G. Alfonso
Father’s Name: Nelson M. Alfonso
Elementary School: FVR Phase 2 Elementary School
Junior High School: San Jose Del Monte National Trade School
54
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Name: Eunice D. Añas
Address: Brgy. Payompon Airport Rd. Mamburao

Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
E-mail: duraneunice16@gmail.com
Age: 17
Gender: Female
Date of birth: September 9, 2004
Place of birth: Mamburao Occidental Mindoro
Religion: Christian
Mother’s Name: Emilia Duran
Father’s Name: Arthur Añas
Elementary School: Payompon Elementary School
Junior High School: Occidental Mindoro National High School
55
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Name: Froilan John F. Bongcayao
Address: Blk 9 Lot 32 Tierra Benita Subdivision,

Harmony Hills, Muzon, San Jose Del Monte Bulacan
E-mail: froivne23@gmail.com
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: June 23, 2003
Place of Birth: Alabang Medical Clinic
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name: Vanessa A. Francisco
Father’s Name: Juan B. Bongcayao
Elementary School: Molini Elementary School
Junior High School: The Bearer of Light and Wisdom Colleges
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DOCUMENTATION
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Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

SMOKING CIGARETTES SERVES AS A WAY TO DEVELOP

VARIOUS NEGATIVE HEALTH ISSUES: A QUALITATIVE

DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING CIGARETTE

TO THE HEALTH OF GRADE-11 STEM STUDENTS

IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

SMOKING CIGARETTES SERVES AS A WAY TO DEVELOP

VARIOUS NEGATIVE HEALTH ISSUES: A QUALITATIVE

DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING CIGARETTE

TO THE HEALTH OF GRADE-11 STEM STUDENTS

IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

We hereby attest to the originality of this research and have cited

have received assistance from others on style, presentation, and language

expression. We shall use appropriate citations in referencing other works

from various sources.

We certify that we understand what plagiarism is and accept the

consequences of any plagiarized work submitted by us, singly or as part of

We certify that the research study has undergone checking for

Ms. Sharmaine Q. Guirren

This thesis “A QUALITATIVE DISQUISITION ON THE EFFECTS

Acebedo, Arianne Alfonso, Jene Justin

As partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Practical Research 1

Ms. Sharmaine Q. Guirren

Ms. Sharmaine Guirren

Ms. Romayne Antonio

The researchers would like to thank everyone who contributed to

the success and accomplishment of this study, as well as those who

making this study more significant and motivating to achieve.

First of all, we researchers would like to thank our Almighty God

for always assisting us in our research by providing wisdom, strength,

and courage to accomplish this study.

one of us and have comforted us in difficult moments in doing this

We would also like to mention and express our sincere gratitude

Ms. Laila David, for allowing us to do our research on their students

and for helping us to reach our target respondents.

To the previous researchers and writers who provided literatures

To our dear respondents from the three sections of Main Campus

completion of the research review.

Thank you for your commitment in assisting us in every element of our

research so that we can complete a successful study.

The purpose of this study, titled "A QUALITATIVE DISQUISITION ON

THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING CIGARETTES ON THE HEALTH OF

GRADE 11-STEM STUDENTS IN COLEGIO DE SAN GABRIEL

ARCANGEL," is to discover the effects of smoking on the health of the

students, as well as its various positive and negative effects.

It has been proven by various researches and studies conducted

studies conducted and published by previous researchers. It also

elaborates and expands information and matters concerning the tackled

issue. In addition, some unfamiliar terms are given definitions for

clarification in the definition of terms.

The researchers gathered, identified, and summarized all of the

thoughts and opinions from the respective respondents after conducting a

researchers made recommendations for our thriving students.

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Chapter 4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

A lot of people have started smoking at a very young age. To some,

they see it as their escape and use it as their antidepressant, to relieve

that eventually turns into a habit. Cigarettes are composed of various