Earthing calculation

M
EARTH RESISTANCE CALCLUATION :

+ In Ground Earth Rod Resistance Equation (Refer to BS7430)::

  8L 
R=
2 L ln d 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A.1)

Where:
R is the resistance of single rod or pipe, in ohms (Ω);
L is the length of rod, in meters (m);
d is the diameter of rod or pipe, in meters (m);
ρ is the soil resistivity in ohm meters (Ω ·m).

+ Multiple Electrodes Resistance Equation (Refer to BS7430)::

 1   
Rn = R   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A.2)
 n 


= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A.3)
2RS

Where:
R is the resistance of one rod in isolation, in ohms (Ω);
S is the distance between rods, in meters (m);
ρ is the soil resistivity, in ohm meters (Ω ·m);
n is the number of rods;
λ is a factor depending on rods arrangement (equals 1 for two rods in line).

 (Avg.) = 55 ohm-m

- From equations (A.1), (A.2) & (A.3), the rods resistance is:

  8L 
R=
2 L ln d 1 = (55/ (2x3.14x3)) x (ln (8x3/.025)-1) = 17.12 Ω


= = 55/(2x3.14x17.12x10) = 0.0511
2RS

 1   
Rn = R   = 17.12 X ((1+(1x.0511))/9)= 1.99 Ω
 n 