iahon garype farejon .

Potenhonehrie
mtasurng the ledri potenho d
Neies on
belueen uo elechodes ina solhon. he primt.
potenhomehric hroions is based on the to
Aotatf uene
the Contentyaion d ioy (n a
Aouhion that
nial dittoene buween hwo eletrode
pote
In otenhiomehric hraions,a Knoun oncenrahon
30
tolion, called he to fiYant is odded Toa tout
talled he i aYant, added to a toion
untrown
toncenyation, called the analyre, unhi the r o solut
Ntach eauvalenCe. At his point, the (on(entotihn dt tha
AF hMS
analyte i5 dermined b measuing hepo tenta!
ufteente beweon two elecrods in he soutinn

he idevtiticotion o eaivalence (end point)in potenioreh

firatiow is done by rmonirori ne the change inthe
potenial iftence bewnthe two elerode thi
20 tirat is aded to he analyh. he endl poiid
Teached hen the fotenial oitturene betio¿n the
ruoo elerod es suclolen charees. mis buoolen chenye
6 Known os pe irlehion eoit andit indi (ates thet the
onalre anol Hront hae Yeecee reatel compley
25

advatage incude their accurce, peeol ae sipliea

(hey ane wjool infhe pharmacehi cal indusr o
rreasul he puriry dugs and ro delemine
he concenlraion d aive Inqrediensin tormlalio
30 e.tc.

Camlin
 Poge:
Date :

concuOmelriu iratiom ib Iyee rirlion in shich

he cehical conducriyitu da Aurion is measured
derine hthraibn rotes Types
D
Shronid-srong
tn hs pe
base Hraioni
ration, a stror aidlis hrraeol
beg inhing the riraJion,
yhe conucivity ib bw due to he low
10 iows in he soleion. concentran
he beye is adoled,te
(6ncenraion ions increases,resulhin ina shaTp
incY eas ein (ondiviu.

) Weak acid-rong baje tiration mthis

hype hraion
ha srore ba.The inial conductivily is low due ro

bee s added,the concenrlon ions

inereae,reli
in an increaye in (ordctiviry, Howeve the condchiviy
in (Yeasey aracuclly bease the cweale alod doe nor
20 to mpletel, ionize.
io ypial raph is oyradluad mreye in
Lorduivihy followed byaplatea
5) srrore aud-weak beue 'r tupical qraph tor mis iSa
sharp deease in conducivihy tollowed by aradal
2 inreae

)Redox Hiroion:- fhe tueical aaph tor this tiration

isa budden change in conduis esuivalene poj.

Camlin
 Poge :
Date

bea
isa lambe lau, lo
funalamenal rinciple nKnon
AesUr bes peurop hotormeT
melaionahip
dkabore
abiorbs.
n he
While ir ib o use l beuenthieConcenyo
ouhion and amotant d
ys h aww doe have rool for
iaht tho
uanti raive
ome
imitao.
Vouy6uwfl rool foYr
quntiolve
for exOnple
en
Can be
in nan
agphcarog.
ed to rmeaue Hhe
h a soeina ohion an concenralon
meouriny heaosoroance
speutiLwavelenathle
He o i n beln
mere ib itee and har
he ie passes throuah agime poth lengh. n realig
man o o aNe nor di lutyaho he li ma
peus
oY
oughuriple path encs deb bcatti
20
Tetetion leadiy to olevieios rom he lin ear
xelarlonshp belwen aloY bance andLonentraion
predicel by the lao.

25

20

Camlin
 )xC2m)xc
D. ol (iSoo

C= o. o

mol d
10

b) Açlc

A 067

15

O.67 =7|00 M Cm)x.00m) xc

20

bc
24 logT
-log .67
bc

30
/aem = Extintion coetfictent

Camlin