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Art ELEMENTS OF ART

 the quality, production or expression of what is
beautiful, appealing or of more than ordinary
significance
 WORK OF ART - Visual expression of an idea
 MEDIUM – material along with accompanying
technique
PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS OF ART
 Spiritual Sustenance – all worlds major religions
have used art and instruct faith
 Personal and Cultural Expression – interest and
tradition
 Social and Political Purpose – criticized or
influence public opinion
ART – derives from the old LATIN, which implies a craft
or specialized sort of expertise
The SUBJECT of Art
 In any art form
o Painting
o Music
o Sculpture
o Architecture
o Dance
That serves as the foundation of the creation of the work
of art.
ART PRESENTED IN 2 WAYS
 Representational/objective art – use signs and
naming elements (paintings, sculpture, theater)
 Non representational/ non-objective art –
abstract, work that does not show anything from
the real world
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
 Art is Universal
 Nature is not Art and Art is not nature
 Art is a result of personal experience – without
experience there is no art
FUNCTIONS OF ART
1. Social – bridges connection among people
2. Utilitarian – gives comfort, convenience and
happiness to the human
3. Cultural – preserves, shares, and transmit
culture
4. Aesthetic – be aware of beauty
 DOT – origin of all drawings
 LINES
o SET OF POINTS ★
o Refers to the contour, profile, or outline of an
object.
o It determines the shape or form of the object
 Straight -rigidity ★
 Diagonal – opposition★
 Vertical –strength ★
 Horizontal – stability★
 Curved – movement ★
 Sweeping curved – calm
 Sharp, short curved - agitation
 COLOR
o Define certain spatial qualities of a composition
o Provide organization and unity
o Create balance
o Convey emotion and symbolize ideas
o REFLECTION AND ABSORPTION OF LIGHT ★
o PRIMARY COLORS – Red, Blue, Yellow ★
o SECONDARY – Orange, Green and Violet ★
o TERTIARY - Mixture of two equal amount of
primary and secondary colors (Yellow green,
yellow orange, blue green, blue violet, red
orange, red violet)
o MONOCHROMATIC – use of single color tin in
different shades
o ANALOGOUS – 3-4 neighboring colors with one
color in all mixtures
o COMPLEMENTARY COLOR – any to opposite
colors on the color wheel
o SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY – three colors where in
two of which are beside the complement of the
third color
o DOUBLE SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY = uses four
colors arrange into complementary pair
o TRIAD – three colors that form an equilateral
triangle in a color wheel
o PROPERTIES OF COLOR:
 HUE – the identity of a color
 COOL Colors – dominance of blue
 WARM Colors – dominance of red and
yellow
 VALUE – lightness or darkness of a hue
 INTENSITY or SATURATION –strength of a
hue

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 FORM - COMBINATION OF SHAPES ★
 SHAPE
o ENCLOSED FIGURE ★
o Based on the use of contour
o Can be defined by the use of value, color and
textures
o Can range purely representation to completely
abstract
 Geometrical shapes – measurable
 Organic Shapes – non measurable
 VALUE
o Refers to the amount of light and dark areas in a
composition
o Allow contrasts
o Adding black will darken a hue o lower its value.
This is called a SHADE.
o Adding white will lighten a hue or raise its value.
This is called a TINT
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
 TEXTURE – how something feels to touch
 SPACE – the depth and the relation positions of
objects
o The distance around, between, above, below,
and within an object.
 Indistinct drawing – suggest distant
objects
 Overlapping objects – relative positions
 Gradation of color – creates depths
 Linear – depth by using parallel lines that
converge on a vanishing point
 DOMINANCE - emphasis of a feature point
o Uses contrast between feature point
and other elements
 BALANCE – harmonious arrangement of
elements in a composition
o Equal distribution of VISUAL weight on
either side of a composition’s center
o Used to create a sense of stability
o Types of Balance
 Symmetrical balance – equal elements
 Asymmetrical balance – unequal elements
 Repetition – recurring element
 Contrast – differences in form, line,
texture and color
SELECTED STYLES/MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN ART
 REALISM – a naturalistic approach to subject
matter
 IMPRESSIONISM – a style wherein paintings are
usually done outdoors
 EXPRESSIONISM – centers on the expression of
inner emotions, colors used are vibrant and
distortion
 ABSTRACT – non-representational or non-
figurative imagery
 DADAISM – (anti)aggressive reaction against
conventional art using unconventional method
 SURREALISM – where artists gathered inspiration
from the depths of the subconscious mind
 POP ART – western art moves that inspired from
familiar images of popular culture such as
advertisements, comics, and commercial products
 SOCIAL REALISM – an art movement which
portrays social and racial injustice and economic
hardship marked by its realistic depiction of social
problems
 CUBISM – geometrical shapes
 OP-ART (OPTICAL ART) – style of visual art that
uses optical illusions
ART = FORM + CONTENT
o Form – aspects of art or how the art is made
o Content - relates to the subject of the art
FORMAL ANALYSIS OF PAINTING
 Looking at a work of art to try to understand
what the artist are wants to convey visually.
o LINE AND SHAPE - Line define shape and
may create an outline or contour as style
called “linear”
o COLOR - Event of wavelengths of light
hitting an object and those wavelengths
reflecting back into your eyes
o TEXTURE – pertaining to the surface
“feel” of the work of art
o SPACE and MASS
 SPACE– to what contains
objects; may be 3-
dimensional(actual) or 2-
dimensional(illusion)
 MASS – the effect and degree of
bulk, density and weight of the
matter in space
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 FORESHORTENING – way of representing an
object that it conveys the illusion of depth,
the modification
 ONE-POINT – converging lines
 TWO-POINT – two points in line with each
other
o COMPOSITION – how items are arrange or
organized in a work of art
 SCALE refers to the size of the art object
o MOVEMENT- gives lifelike feeling to a work.
PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN
 STYLE
o Refers to the consistent and characteristic
handling of media, elements of form and
principles of design that make a work
identifiable as particular culture, period,
region group or person
o Makes the work distinctive
 CULTURAL STYLE - beliefs
 PERIOD STYLE – economic and political changes,
something new come along
 REGIONAL STYLE – geography leads diverse style
 GROUP STYLE – artists form alliances to publicize
their aim as a group to promote distinct style
 PERSONAL STYLE – personal expression
o TWO BASIC FORM OF STYLE
 REPRESENTATIONAL – recognizable subject
matter
- Realism – attempt to depict objects
- Naturalism – implies a grim subject
- Illusionism – create convincing
representation or illusion of realty
 ABSTRACT – seeks to capture the essence of a
form, not literal
- Non-representational – does not produce
recognizable imagery
- Expressionism – exaggerate to get the
essence of art form
ARTS and ARTISAN
 Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa
 Vincent Van Gogh – The Starry Night
 Michaelangelo - David Creation of Adam, St.
Peter's Basilica, Pieta⭐
 Claude Monet -
 Frida Kahlo - The Two Fridas self portrait
 Georgia O'Keefee -
 Edgar Degas -
 Edvar Munich
 Jackson Pollock
 ⭐ Picasso- the father of Cubism
 Henry Moore
 Salvador Dali
 Paul Cezanne
 Diego Rivera
NOTABLE PHILIPPINE PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS
 ⭐ Jose Lozano - letras y figures
 Damian Domingo - tipos del pais
 ⭐ Juan Luna - Spolarium
 Felix Hidalgo - silver medal 1884 - Las Virgenes
Cristianas Expuesras al Popullacho
 20th Century
 ⭐Fabian Dela Rosa - women working in the rice
field
 ⭐Amorsolo - Fruit Gatherers, sundaymorning
going to church, dalagang buikd
 ⭐ Victorio Edades - The builders
 ⭐Calos Botong Francisco - Harana, art works
seen in Manila City Hall
PHILIPPINE SCULPTORS
 Mariano Madrianan -santero froom Paeta
Laguna
 ⭐ Guillermo Tolentino- UP Oblation , Boni
Monument
 ⭐ Napaleon- father of modern Filipino sculpture
 ⭐Lamberto Hechanova - The Crucifix
 ⭐ Abdulmari Imao - Sarimanok
 ⭐Eduardo Castrillo - Pieta
 Solomon Saprid - Tikbalang
 Roberto Feleo
 Other modernists
 Hernando Ocampo - Homage to Tandang Sora
 Diosdado Lorenzo -Ilog ng Cabiao
 Anita Magsaysay Ho - using tempera style, Fruit
Vendors
 Jose Joya - Pagdiriwang
 Vincent Manansala - Madonna of the Slums
 Arturo Luz - Black Form
 Antipas Delotavo - Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juna
 Ben Cab - Edsa Event
MOSAIC - image is created using ans assemblage kf small
pieces of colored galss stones or others materials
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STAINED GLASS - colored glass as a material
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 Doric - simplest ⭐
 Ionic - scroll
 Corinthian - leafy
Rafello -Transfuguracion
Donatelo -David
Da Vinci - The Last Supper, Mona Lisa
10 PHIL. BEST FESTIVALS
 Sinulog - Cebu (Third Week January)
 Ati-atihan - Mother of all Philippine festival
 Dinagyang Festival Iloilo
 Panagbenga Festival- Baguio, February, season
of blooming
 Mariones- Marinduque, March or April
 Pahiyas Festival- Lucban, May 15
 Pintados-Kasadayan Festival -Tacloban, June 29
 Sirong Festival - Surigao De Sur, Aug 15
 Maskara- Bacolod, October
 Giant Lantern - San Fernando Pampanga, A
week before Christmas Eve
PHILIPINNES ARTS AND CRAFTS: A CHRONOLOGY
 ⭐Pre Colonial art was created before arrival of
Spaniards
o literure has two forms
1. oral -chants
2. written -cave drawings
 ⭐Period of Spanish Colonial Art
 most art are religious
 ⭐American Colonial Art
 Education and Value Education
 Fabian Dela Rosa
 ⭐ Post Colonial Art
o CCP was created to experiment and
explore in different art medium
 ⭐ Contemporary Art Period
o sudden rise of personal computers and
new technology created a new art
medium
ART FROM PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY
 Art as a kind of emulation -mimics
 Art as a means of communication
 Art as a kind of unbiased evaluation
 Art as a means of conveying emotional content
PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
 red - strength, defiance strain
 blue - intelligence, coldness, unfriendliness, lack
of emotion
 yellow -optimism, fear
 green- balance, refreshment, environmental
awareness, boredom
 violet - spiritual awareness, introversion,
inferiority
 orange - physical comform, immaturity
 pink -nurture, love, physical weakness,
emasculation
 gray - neutral , lack of confidence
 Black - sophistication, opression
 White - hygiene, unfriendliness
 brown - seriousness, lack of humor
MUSIC
- It is an art for and cultural activity whose
medium is sound and silence
 DYNAMICS – loudness and softness in music
o Pianissimo – very soft/quiet (voiceless)
o Piano – soft/quiet
o Mezzo –piano – moderately quiet/soft
o Mezzo-forte – moderately loud
o Forte – loud
o Fortissimo – very loud
o Crescendo – gradually louder
o Decrescendo – gradually softer
INSTRUMENTS
 RONDALLA – brought by the Spaniards.
o group of stringed instruments that are
played with a pick
 CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS
o AEROPHONES – vibration of air
o CHORDOPHONE – strings
o MEMBRANOPHONES – skin vibrates
o IDIOPHONES – vibration of actual
instruments
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 One point perspective – distance by means of
converging lines
 Obelisk – important structure in Ancient Egyt, 4-
sidede stone shaft made of one stone with
tapered for decorating entrance
 Woodcut printing – method of printing used by
the 18th century printing press in Manila
 Complementary – type of color harmony that uses
yellow and violet
 Art – process or product of creative skill that
reflects the characteristic of a certain period in
mankind’s history that maybe a “mimesis, a
represent except: art is readily appreciated by all
people, regardless of culture
 Tempera – medium used in painting that is
traditional paint that uses egg yolk as binder
 Representational – painting, sculptures and
theater artworks are easily recognized subject
because of its clarity and identification
 Folk Dance – best example of cultural function
 Necessity – a social function of art
 Aesthetic function – it is about beauty
 Art is result of personal experience –Art is not a
comprehensive guide but rather experience
 Art is Universal = transcends generations and
nations
 Hot color: Orange, Red, yellow
 Mona Lisa – artwork by Da Vinci
 Vertical – suggest strength, power and authority
 Shape- A two-dimensional area enclosed by a line
that establishes contour
 Spolarium – Juan Luna, most prized painting of
the Philippines
 Guillermo Tolentino – UP Oblation and sculpture
of Bonifacio Monument
 Blue – does not suggest sunset
 Horizontal – suggests quiet and relation
 Yellow – not a dominance of blue colors
 Rhythm – art principle use line, form, color
texture or pattern repeatedly
 Unity – uniform usage of lines, color, and texture
across a design project
 Da Vinci: Mona Lisa , Van Gogh: The Starry Night
 Pablo Picasso – father of Cubism
 Paul Cezanne – “We live in a rainbow of Chaos”
 Soul Making- make sense of language and draw
meaning from words
 Realism – kind of style in the arts, naturalistic
approach to the subject matter

 Pop Art – western art moves that inspired from
familiar images of popular culture such as
advertisements, comics, and commercial
products
 Abdulmari Imao – a sculpture and National artist
that made “Sarimanok/Legendary Bird”
 Casting –a process to create items like small
figurines for sale in the mall
 Giant Parol – Pampanga
 Bravery – the ka-in originated in southern
Kalinga, what does the red in fabric represent
 Taal, Batangas – “balisong at barong”
 Pahiyas Festival – San Isidro Labrador
 Inabel and burnay – Ilocano’s hand weaving
technique and simple pottery
 Bul-ul - rice god or spirits
 Bongol –brightly colored beads used for
weddings or occasions in Ifugao
 Kalinga – a type of textile characterized by
dominant red stripes and motifs of geometric
patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced
with white yellow and black fibers
 Musikong Bumbong - Filipino Marching Bands
makes use of bamboo aerophones and other
instruments
 Brass Bands - musical ensemble playing in the
streets and generally consist of brass and
woodwind instruments?
 Rondalla - group of stringed instruments that
are played with a pick
 Kundiman, harana, kumintang - Lowland music is
divided into several categories.
 Polka- Not an example of Art Music
 Angklung, Kalatok, Pan Pipes - Pangkat Kawayan
employs the following instruments.
 Spain – Nation has had an impact on our music
and religion
 Religious Music – Pasyon, Pastores, Agnus Dei
 Dynamics – loudness and softness of sound
 Folk song – “Sitsiritsit and Bahay Kubo”
 Hornbostel-Sachs - Which of the following is the
international instrument classification, in which
instruments are classified based on how they
produce sound?
 Texture - reflects lighter than a rough surface,
making the color more vibrant as a result of the
reflection
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 Color has an immediate and significant impact
on the design of a piece of artwork. Also, can
influence how individuals feel and behave.
 Monochromatic - describe a different shade of
one color
 Diego Rivera – Mexican Painter “I’ve never
believed in God, but I believe in Picasso”
 Fear - Yellow’s negative remark
 Hygiene – positive remark of white
 Green – means balance
 Art is a means of communication - art depicts
about the representation of a version of reality.
Aristotelian philosophy holds that art has two
distinct purposes: it allows for the enjoyment of
pleasure, and it has the power to be
instructional, teaching its audience valuable
lessons about life and its surroundings
 Curved lines used to create flow and gracefulness
 Unity -elements a work to the whole
 Amorsolo's rice planting- the most popular
commonwealth
 Chiaroscuro - illustrates a striking contrast bet.
light and dark
 Historical painting of Amosolo - except Dalagang
Bukid
 Napoleon Abueva - father of modern Filipino
sculpture⭐
 Mother And Child, the work of Napoleon abueva
exert motherhood
 Peita- ang kiukok inter national art in saigon
 Botong Fransicco - paintings in manila city hall
 Alejandro Cuvera- father of spanish zarsuela
 Antonio Molina - father of the Philippines
Impression
 red + yellow = orange
 monochromatic - different shades of one color
 cool colors – blue, green and violet
 warm colors - orange, yellow and red
 color wheel- circular chart
 water color - colors are less luminous and
transparent

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