2017年12月英语六级考试试题第3套

２０１７年１２月英语六级考试试题第３套

Ｐａｒｔ
Part IIＩ Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

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第三套听力试题同第一套或第二套试题一致
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Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩ
Part III Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
Reading Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Comprehension （４０
(40 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｒｅ
Directions: In section, thereｉｓisａaｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｗｉｔｈ
withｔｅｎ
ten ｂｌａｎｋｓ．Ｙｏｕ
blanks. Youａｒｅareｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
requiredｔｏtoｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ word
sekct one ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒ
for
ｅａｃｈ
eachｂｌａｎｋ
b/,ankｆｒｏｍ
fromａ aｌｉｓｔ
list ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓgiven
of choices ｇｉｖｅｎinｉｎa ａｗｏｒｄ
word ｂａｎｋ
bank ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
the pas Ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅ
sage. Read the
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ
carefullyｂｅｆｏｒｅ
before ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｙｏｕｒ
yourｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choices. Each choiceｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｂａｎｋ
bankｉｓisｉｄｅｎｔｉｊｆｅｄ
identified
ｂｙbyａaｌｅｔｅｒ．Ｐｌｅａｓｅ
ktter. Please ｍａｒｈ
mark ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter
the correspondi ｌｅｔｅｒｆｏｒ
ng ｅａｃｈitemｉｅｍonｏｎAnswer
for each Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２2 ｗｉｔｈ
with aａ
ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
singl,e ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ the
line through ｔｈｅ centre.
ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．You
Ｙｏｕmay
ｍａｙ not
ｎｏｔ use
ｕｓｅ any
ａｎｙ ofｏｆ the
ｔｈｅwords
ｗｏｒｄｓ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅbank
ｂａｎｋ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ
ＯｎＣｅ．
once.

Ｍａｎｙ
ManyＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ
European ｈａｖｅ
countries ｂｅｅｎbeen
have ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ the
making ｓｈｉｆｔ
shiftｔｏtoｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓand
electric vehicles ａｎｄ Germany
Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ ｈａｓ
has ｊｕｓｔ
just
ｓｔａｔｅｄ
stated ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅｙ
they ｐｌａｎ ｔｏ ban
plan to ｂａｎ the
ｔｈｅ sale
ｓａｌｅ ofｏｆvehicles
ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓusing
ｕｓｉｎｇgasoline
ｇａｓｏｌｉｎｅand
ａｎｄdiesel
ｄｉｅｓｅｌasａｓfuelｆｕｅｌby ｂｙ2030.
２０３０．Ｔｈｅ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ
The country
ｉｓis ａｌｓｏ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇtoｔｏreduce
also planning ｒｅｄｕｃｅitsｉｔｓ ｃａｒｂｏｎ
carbon ｆｏｏｔｐｒｉｎｔ
footprint ｂｙ ８０－９５？
by 80-95% ２０５０，---±L
by 2050, ２６ ａ ｓｈｉｆｔ
a shiftｔｏtoｇｒｅｅｎ
green ｅｎｅｒｇｙ
energy ｉｎ
in
ｔｈｅtheｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ．
country.Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ， ｔｈｅ ban
Effectively, the ｂａｎ ｗｉｌｌ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ the
will include ｔｈｅ registration
ｒｅｇｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎofｏｆnew
ｎｅｗ cars
ｃａｒｓ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅ country
ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ asａｓ they
ｔｈｅｙ will
ｗｉｌｌ
ｎｏｔ
notａｌｌｏｗ
alow ａｎｙ
l
any ｇａｓｏｌｉｎｅ
gasoline ２７27ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ ｔｏ ｂｅ
vehicle ｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｅｄ
to be registeredａｆｔｅｒ ２０３０．
after 2030.
Ｐａｒｔ
Partｏｆ
ofｔｈｅ
the ｒｅａｓｏｎ ｔｈｉｓban
reason this ｂａｎisｉｓbeing
ｂｅｉｎｇdiscussed
ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄandａｎｄ ２８28 ｉｓ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ
is because ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓ
energy officials ｓｅｅ
see ｔｈａｔ
that
ｔｈｅｙ
they ｗｉｌｌ ｎｏｔ rea
will not ｒｅａｃｈ ｔｈｅｉｒemissions
ch their ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓgoals
ｇｏａｌｓ
by ｂｙ ２０５０if ｉｆ
2050 theｔｈｅｙ
y do ｄｏ
notｎｏｔ 29
２９ ａ ｌａｒｇｅ
a largeｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ
portion ｏｆ
of ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ
vehicle
ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ．
emissions. Ｔｈｅ
Theｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ
country ｉｓ ｔｉｌｌ___lQ_
is still ３０ ｔｈａｔthat
ｉｔ ｗｉｌｌ
it willｍｅｅｔ
meetｉｔｓ
its ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ
emissions ｇｏａｌｓ，ｌｉｋｅ ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ emissions
goals, like reducing ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ byｂｙ
４０ ｙ ２０２０，ｂｕｔ ｔｈｅ ３１ ｏｆ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｃａｒｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ｈａｓ ｎｏｔ ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ ａｓ ｆａｓｔ ａｓ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ．
40% by 2020, but the 31 of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected.
Ｏｔｈｅｒ
Otherｅｆｆｏｒｔｓ
effortsｔｏto ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ
increase ｔｈｅ
the ｕｓｅ
use ｏｆofｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓ include
electric vehicles ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ plans
ｐｌａｎｓ toｔｏ build
ｂｕｉｌｄ over
ｏｖｅｒ 1１ million
ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ hybrid
ｈｙｂｒｉｄ
ａｎｄ
andｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｃａｒ battery
electric car ｂａｔｔｅｒｙcharging
ｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇstations
ｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓacross
ａｃｒｏｓｓtheｔｈｅ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ．Ｂｙ
country. ２０３０，Germany
By 2030, Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ plans
ｐｌａｎｓ onｏｎ having
ｈａｖｉｎｇ over
ｏｖｅｒ
６ 6ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ
million ｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇ
charging ｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓ
stations ３２．32Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅto Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
. According Ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
the International Ｔｉｎｅｓ，
Business ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ
Times, electric ｃａｒ
car ｓａｌｅｓ
sales
ａｒｅ
areｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ
expectedｔｏtoｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ
increase ａｓ
as Ｖｏｌｋｓｗａｇｅｎ
Volkswagenｉｓ isｓｔｉｌｌ ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｉｎｇ ｆｒｏｍ
still recovering from ｉｔｓ ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ scandal.
its emissions ｓｃａｎｄａｌ．
Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ３３ ａｒｏｕｎｄ １５５，０００ ｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｅｄ ｈｙｂｒｉｄ ａｎｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓ on
There are 33 around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles ｏｎ Ｇｅｒｍａｎ
German ｒｏａｄｓ，
roads,
ｄｗａｒｆｅｄ
dwarfedｂｙbyｔｈｅ
the４５45ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ
millionｇａｓｏｌｉｎｅ
gasoline ａｎｄ
andｄｉｅｓｅｌ
diesel ｃａｒｓ
cars ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｒｅ now.
driving there ｎｏｗ．ＡｓAsｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ
countries ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ
continue ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ
setting
ｇｏａｌｓ
goals ｏｆ
of ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ，greater
reducing emissions, ｇｒｅａｔｅｒstepsｓｔｅｐｓ
need ｎｅｅｄ
to beｔｏ taken
ｂｅ ｔａｋｅｎ
to haveｔｏ ｈａｖｅ
a ａ34３４ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ
effect on the
ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ
surrounding ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．
environment. Ｗｈｉｌｅ
While ｔｈｅ
the ｅｆｆｏｒｔｓ ａｒｅ certainly
efforts are ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙnotｎｏｔ ３５35 ， ｔｈｅ
, theｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ
results ｏｆ
of ｓｕｃｈ
such ｂａｎｓ
bans ｗｉｌｌ
will
ｌｉｋｅｌｙ
likely ｏｎｌｙ
onlyｓｔａｒｔ ｔｏ be
start to ｂｅ seen
ｓｅｅｎ ｂｙ
by ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ
generations ｄｏｗｎ
downｔｈｅtheｌｉｎｅ，
line,ｂｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｇ
bettering ｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ
world ｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅ
the ｆｕｔｕｒｅ．
future.

淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第
第 １／９页
1／9页
 Ａ）A)ａｃｃｅｐｔａｎｃｅ
acceptance Ｉ）I) ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎａｌｌｙ
incidentally
Ｂ）B) ｕｒｎｔｌｙ
currently Ｊ）J) ｉｎｔａｌｅｄ
installed
Ｃ）ｄｉｓｕｐｔｉｎｇ
C) disrupting Ｋ）K)ｎｏｔｉｃｅａｂｌｅ
noticeable
Ｄ） ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅ
D) eliminate Ｌ）L) ｐｏｗｅｒｅｄ
powered
Ｅ）E) ｅｘｈａｕｓｔ
exhaust Ｍ）M)ｒｅｓｔｏｒａｔｉｏｎ
restoration
Ｐ）ｆｔｉｌ
F) futile Ｎ）N)ｓｋｅｐｔｉｃａｌ
skeptical
） G)ｈｏｐｅｆｉｌ
hopeful Ｏ）0) ｓｐａｒｋｉｎｇ
sparking
Ｈ）H)ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ
implemented

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
this section, you ａｒｅ ｇｏｉｎｇ toｔｏ read
are going ｒｅａｄ aａ pas
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｈ ｔｅｎ
sage with ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓattached
ten statements ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄtoｔｏｉｔ．Ｅａｃｈ
it. Each
ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ
statementｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
containsｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information ｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｉｎ
in ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆ ｔｈｅ paragraphs.
of the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｊｙ ｔｈｅparagraph
Identi,fy the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈfrom
ｆｒｏｍ
ｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｔｈｅ
the ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information isｉｓ derived.
ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．YouＹｏｕmayｍａｙchoose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅa ａparagraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈmore
ｍｏｒｅthan
ｔｈａｎonce.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ｅａｃｈ
Each
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｉｓ isｍａｒｋｅｄ
markedｗｉｔｈwithａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
a letter. Answerｔｈｅ
theｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｂｙ
by ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ
markingｔｈｅ
theｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
ktter
ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
on Answer Sheet 2.

Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple's Ｓｔａｎｃｅ
Stance Ｈｉｇｈｌｉｇｈｔｓ
Highlights aａ More
Ｍｏｒｅ Ｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｔｅｃｈ Industry
Confrontational Tech Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ
［Ａ］[A]Ｔｈｅ
Theｂａｔｔｌｅ
battleｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
betweenＡｐｐｌｅ
Appleａｎｄand
ｌａｗlaw
ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓ
enforcement officialsｏｖｅｒ
overｕｎｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ
unlockingａ aｔｅｒｒｏｒｉｓｔ＇ｓ ｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅ ｉｓ
terrorist's smartphone is
ｔｈｅtheｃｕｌｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ
culminationｏｆofａa ｓｌｏｗ
slow ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ
turning ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｔａｂｌｅｓ between
the tables ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ the
ｔｈｅ technology
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ industry
ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ and
ａｎｄ the
ｔｈｅ United
Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ
Ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｇｏｖｅｍｎｍｅｎｔ．
States government.

［Ｂ］
[B]Ａｆｔｅｒ
After ｒｅｖｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ
revelations byｂｙ the
ｔｈｅformer
ｆｏｒｍｅｒNational
ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌSecurity
ＳｅｃｕｒｉｔｙAgency
Ａｇｅｎｃｙcontractor
ｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｏｒEdward
Ｅｄｗａｒｄ JＪ． Ｓｎｏｗｄｅｎ in
. Snowden ｉｎ 2013
２０１３
ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ ｂｏｔｈ
the government cozied ｕｐupｔｏ（讨好）ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
bothｃｏｚｉｅｄ to ( -if M-) certain ｔｅｃｈ ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ ａｎｄ
tech companies and ｈａｃｋｅｄ
hackedｉｎｔｏinto ｏｔｈｅｒｓ
others ｔｏto
ｇａｉｎ
gainａｃｃｅｓｓ
accessｔｏto ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ ｄａｔａ on
private data ｏｎ an
ａｎ enormous
ｅｎｏｒｍｏｕｓ ｓｃａｌｅ，ｔｅｃｈ
scale, techｇｉａｎｔｓ
giants ｂｅｇａｎ
began ｔｏto ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅ
recognize ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ
the United States
ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ
governmentａｓ ａasｈｏｓｔｉｌｅ ａｃｔｏｒ．
a hostile ＢｕｔBut
actor. ｉｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔａｔｉｏｎ
if the confrontationｈａｓhas
ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚｅｄ
crystallizedｉｎ inｔｈｉｓ
thisｌａｔｅｓｔ
latest ｂａｔｔｌｅ，
battle, itｉｔmay
ｍａｙ
ａｌｒｅａｄｙ
already ｂｅ
be ｈｅａｄｉｎｇ
heading ｔｏｗａｒｄ
towardａ aｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅ
predictable ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ：
conclusion: InＩｎ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｎｇ ｒｕｎ，
the long run, theｔｈｅ tech
ｔｅｃｈ companies
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ ａｒｅ are
ｄｅｓｔｉｎｅｄ
destined ｔｏ
to ｅｍｅｒｇｅ
emergeｖｉｃｔｏｒｉｏｕｓ．
victorious.

［Ｃ］
[C] Ｉｔ
It ｍａｙ
may ｎｏｔ
not ｓｅｅｍ
seemｔｈａｔ
that ｗａｙ
way ａｔat ｔｈｅ
the ｍｏｍｅｎｔ．
moment. ＯｎOnｔｈｅtheｏｎｅ
oneｓｉｄｅ，
side, ｙｏｕ
youｈａｖｅ
haveｔｈｅ
theＵｎｉｔｅｄ
United Ｓｔａｔｅｓ
States
ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ＇ｓ
government's ｍｉｇｈｔｙ ｌｅｇａｌlegalａｎｄand
mighty ｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ ａｐｐａｒａｔｕｓ
security apparatusｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
fightingｆｏｒ
for ｄａｔａ
data ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｍｏｓｔ
most ｓｙｍｐａｔｈｅｔｉｃ
sympathetic ｓｏｒｔ：
sort:
ｔｈｅtheｓｅｃｒｅｔｓ
secrets ｂｕｒｉｅｄ
buried ｉｎ
in aａ dead
ｄｅａｄ mass
ｍａｓｓ ｍｕｒｄｅｒｅｒ＇ｓ
murderer's ｐｈｏｎｅ．
phone. Ｔｈｅ
Theａｃｔｉｏｎ
action ｓｔｅｍｓ
stems ｆｒｏｍ
fromａaｆｅｄｅｒａｌ
federal ｃｏｕｒｔ ｏｒｄｅｒ
court order
ｉｓｓｕｅｄ
issuedｏｎonＴｕｅｓｄａｙ
Tuesdayｒｅｑｕｉｒｉｎｇ
requiringＡｐｐｌｅ
Appleｔｏtoｈｅｌｐ
helpｔｈｅ
theＦｅｄｅｒａｌ
Federal Ｂｕｒｅａｕ
BureauｏｆofＩｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ （ＦＢＩ） to
Investigation (FBI) ｔｏ unlock
ｕｎｌｏｃｋ an
ａｎ
ｉＰｈｏｎｅ
iPhoneｕｓｅｄ
usedｂｙbyｏｎｅ
oneｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｔｗｏ
twoａｔｔａｃｋｅｒｓ
attackers ｗｈｏ
whoｋｉｌｌｅｄ
killed１４14ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｉｎinＳａｎ
SanＢｅｒｎａｒｄｉｎｏ，
Bernardino,Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ，
California, ｉｎ
in
Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ
December.

［Ｄ］[D]ＩｎInｔｈｅ
the ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｃｏｍｅｒ
comer ｉｓ ｔｈｅ world's
is the ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓmost
ｍｏｓｔvaluable
ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅcompany,
ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ，whose
ｗｈｏｓｅ chief
ｃｈｉｅｆexecutive,
ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅ，Ｔｉｍｏｔｈｙ Ｃｏｏｋ，
Timothy Cook,
ｈａｓ
hasｓａｉｄ
saidｈｅheｗｉｌｌ
willａｐｐｅａｌ
appealｔｈｅ
theｃｏｕｒｔ＇ｓ
court's ｏｒｄｅｒ．
order. Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleａｒｇｕｅｓ
arguesｔｈａｔ
thatｉｔit ｉｓis ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
fighting ｔｏ
to ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅ
preserve ａa ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ
principle
ｔｈａｔ
that ｍｏｓｔ
mostｏｆofｕｓ
us ｗｈｏ
whoａｒｅ
areａｄｄｉｃｔｅｄ
addicted ｔｏ ｏｕｒ smartphones
to our ｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅｓ ｃａｎ
can ｄｅｆｅｎｄ： Ｗｅａｋｅｎ ａaｓｉｎｇｌｅ
defend: Weaken single ｉＰｈｏｎｅ
ihone ｓｏ
P
so ｔｈａｔ
that

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第
第 ２／９页
2／9页
 ｉｔｓits ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ ｃａｎ beｂｅ viewed
contents can ｖｉｅｗｅｄ byｂｙ the
ｔｈｅAmerican
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ government
ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄandｙｏｕyouｒｉｓｋ
riskｗｅａｋｅｎｉｎｇ
weakeningａｌｌ
all ｉＰｈｏｎｅｓ
iPhones ｆｏｒ
for
ａｎｙanyｇｏｖｅｒｍｍｅｎｔ
governmentｉｎｔｒｕｄｅｒ， ａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅ．
intruder, anywhere.

［Ｅ］[E]Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereｗｉｌｌ
willｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙ
probablyｂｅbeｍｏｎｔｈｓ
monthsｏｆ of
ｌｅｇａｌ
legalｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔａｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄ ｉｔ itｉｓisｎｏｔnotａｔatａｌｌ
confrontation, and all ｃｌｅａｒ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｓｉｄｅ
clear which side ｗｉｌｌ
will
ｐｒｅｖａｉｌ
prevailｉｎinｃｏｕｒｔ，ｎｏｒ
court, norｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｂａｔｔｌｅ
battle ｆｏｒ
for ｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎ
opinionａｎｄ
andｌｅｇｉｓｌａｔｉｖｅ
legislative ｆａｖｏｒ．
favor. Ｙｅｔ
Yet ｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇ
underlyingａｌｌ
all ｏｆ
of ｔｈｉｓ
this
ｉｓis ａa ｓｉｍｐｌｅ
simple ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ：
dynamic:Ａｐｐｌｅ，
Apple,Ｇｏｏｇｌｅ，
Google,Ｆａｃｅｂｏｏｋ
Facebookａｎｄandｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ
companiesｈｏｌｄ ｍｏｓｔ
hold ｏｆ ofｔｈｅtheｃａｒｄｓ
most cardsｉｎin ｔｈｉｓ
this
ｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｙ
confrontation. Theyｈａｖｅ
haveｏｕｒourｄａｔａ，
data,ａｎｄ
andｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ
businessesｄｅｐｅｎｄ
dependｏｎonｔｈｅtheｇｌｏｂａｌ
globalｐｕｂｌｉｃ＇ｓ
public'sｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｖｅ
collective
ｂｅｌｉｅｆ
beliefｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅｙ
they ｗｉｌｌ ｄｏ ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ
will do everything ｔｈｅｙ
they ｃａｎ
canｔｏto ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ
protect ｔｈａｔ ｄａｔａ．
that data.

［Ｆ］
[F]Ａｎｙ
Anyｃｒａｃｋ
crackｉｎinｔｈａｔ
thatｆｒｏｎｔ
front ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｂｅ
be ｆａｔａｌ ｆｏｒtech
fatal for ｔｅｃｈcompanies
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ that
ｔｈａｔmust
ｍｕｓｔoperate
ｏｐｅｒａｔｅworldwide.
ｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ．Ｉｆ Ａｐｐｌｅ ｉｓ
If Apple is
ｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｔｏ ｏｐｅｎ ｕｐ ａｎ ｉＰｈｏｎｅ ｆｏｒ ａｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｌａｗ ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ， ｗｈａｔ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ｉｔit
forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to prevent
ｆｒｏｍ
fromｄｏｉｎｇ
doingｓｏsoｆｏｒ
forａaｒｅｑｕｅｓｔ
request ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
theＲｕｓｓｉａｎｓ
Russiansｏｒorｔｈｅ
theＩｒａｎｉａｎｓ？
Iranians? Ｉｆ Ａｐｐｌｅ ｉｓis ｆｏｒｃｅｄ
If Apple ｔｏ write
forced to ｗｒｉｔｅ code
ｃｏｄｅ
ｔｈａｔ
thatｌｅｔｓ ｔｈｅ FBI
lets the ＦＢＩ get
ｇｅｔ into
ｉｎｔｏtheｔｈｅiPhone
ｉＰｈｏｎｅ5c５ｃused
ｕｓｅｄbyｂｙSyed
Ｓｙｅｄ Rizwan
Ｒｉｚｗａｎ Ｆａｒｏｏｋ，ｔｈｅ
Farook, the ｍａｌｅ
maleａｔｔａｃｋｅｒ
attacker ｉｎ ｔｈｅ San
in the Ｓａｎ
Ｂｅｒｎａｒｄｉｎｏ
Bernardinoａｔｔａｃｋ，
attack,ｗｈｏ
whoｗｏｕｌｄ
would ｂｅ beｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ
responsibleｉｆifｓｏｍｅ
someｈａｃｋｅｒ
hackerｇｏｔ
gotｈｏｌｄ
holdｏｆofｔｈａｔ ｃｏｄｅ and
that code ａｎｄ ｂｒｏｋｅ
broke ｉｎｔｏ
into
ｉｔｓits ｏｔｈｅｒ ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ？
other devices?

［Ｇ］
[G]Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple'sｓｔａｎｃｅ
stance ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅｓｅ ｉｓｓｕｅｓemerged
these issues ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ post-Snowden,
ｐｏｓｔ－Ｓｎｏｗｄｅｎ， ｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅ
theｃｏｍｐａｎｙ
companyｓｔａｒｔｅｄ
startedｐｕｔｔｉｎｇ
putting ｉｎ ｐｌａｃｅ
in place
ａ aｓｅｒｉｅｓ
seriesｏｆofｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ
technologiesｔｈａｔ，
that, ｂｙ
by ｄｅｆａｕｌｔ， ｍａｋｅ ｕｓｅ
default, make use ｏｆ
of ｅｎｃｒｙｐｔｉｏｎ（加密） ｔｏ limit
encryption (;an !Sf) to ｌｉｍｉｔ access
ａｃｃｅｓｓ toｔｏ people's
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
ｄａｔａ．
data. Ｍｏｒｅ
Moreｔｈａｎ
thanｔｈａｔ， Ａｐｐｌｅ —-ａｎｄ，
that, Apple and,ｉｎin ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｗａｙｓ， other
different ways, ｏｔｈｅｒ tech
ｔｅｃｈ companies,
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ， including
ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ Google,
Ｇｏｏｇｌｅ，
Ｆａｃｅｂｏｏｋ，
Facebook,Ｔｗｉｔｔｅｒ
Twitter ａｎｄ
and Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔ — ｈａｖｅ
Microsoft - have ｍａｄｅ
madeｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
opposition toｔｏ the
ｔｈｅ government's
ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ＇ｓ ｃｌａｉｍｓ
claims aａ
ｐｏｉｎｔ
point ｏｆofｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ
corporate ｐｒｉｄｅ．
pride.

［Ｈ］
[H]Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple'sｅｍｅｒｇｉｎｇ
emergingｇｌｏｂａｌ ｂｒａｎｄ
global ｉｓ isｐｒｉｖａｃｙ；
brand privacy;ｉｔitｈａｓ
hasｓｔａｋｅｄ
stakedｉｔｓ
its ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ
corporate ｒｅｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎ， ｎｏｔ toｔｏ mention
reputation, not ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ
ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ
investment ｏｆ
of ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅ
considerable ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ ａｎｄ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ
technical and ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，onｏｎ limiting
financial resources, ｌｉｍｉｔｉｎｇ the
ｔｈｅ sort
ｓｏｒｔ ofｏｆ mass
ｍａｓｓ
ｓｕｒｖｅｉｌｌａｎｃｅ ｔｈａｔwas
surveillance that ｗａｓ unｕｎｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｂｙMr.
covered by Ｍｒ．Ｓｎｏｗｄｅｎ．
Snowden. Ｓｏ
So ｎｏｗ，
now,ｆｏｒ
for ｍａｎｙ
manyｃａｓｅｓ
cases ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔａｌ
involving governmental
ｉｎｔｒｕｓｉｏｎｓ ｉｎｔｏ data,
intrusions into ｄａｔａ，once-lonely
ｏｎｃｅ－ｌｏｎｅｌｙ privacy
ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ advocates
ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ find
ｆｉｎｄ themselves
ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ fighting
ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ alongside
ａｌｏｎｇｓｉｄｅ the
ｔｈｅ most
ｍｏｓｔ
ｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌ
powerful ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ
companyｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ．
world.

［Ｉ］＂Ａ
[I] "Aｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ ｐｏｉｎｔ
comparison pointｉｓ isｉｎinｔｈｅ
the １９９０ｓ
1990sｂａｔｔｅｓ
battlesｏｖｅｒ
overｅｎｃｒｙｐｔｉｏｎ，＂
encryption," ｓａｉｄ
said Ｋｕｒｔ
Kurt Ｏｐｓａｈｌ，
Opsahl, ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｃｏｕｎｓｅｌ
general counsel
ｏｆofｔｈｅ
the Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ ＦｒｏｎｔｉｅｒFoundation,
Electronic Frontier Ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ，a privacy
ａ ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ ｗａｔｃｈｄｏｇgroup.
watchdog ｇｒｏｕｐ．＂Ｔｈｅｎ ｙｏｕ had
"Then you ｈａｄ aａ few
ｆｅｗ companies
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ
ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ，
involved, ｂｕｔ
but ｎｏｔ
not ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ
largest compa ｉｎ the
ies in n
ｔｈｅ world
ｗｏｒｌｄ coming
ｃｏｍｉｎｇ ｏｕｔ
out ｗｉｔｈ
with ａa ｌｅｎｇｔｈｙ
lengthy
ａｎｄ
and ｉｍｐａｓｓｉｏｎｅｄ
impassioned ｐｏｓｔ， ｌｉｋｅ we
post, like ｗｅ ｓａｗ
saw ｙｅｓｔｅｒｄａｙ
yesterday ｆｒｏｍ
from Ｔｉｍｏｔｈｙ
TimothyＣｏｏｋ．
Cook.ＩｔｓItsｐｒｏｆｉｌｅ
profile ｈａｓ
has ｒｅａｌｌｙ
really
ｂｅｅｎ
beenｒａｉｓｅｄ．
raised."＂

［Ｊ］
[J] Ａｐｐｌｅ
Apple ａｎｄ
andｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｔｅｃｈ
tech ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ
companiesｈｏｌｄ
holdａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
another ａｃｅ：
ace: ｔｈｅ
the ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ ｍｅａｎｓ ｔｏ
technical means ｋｅｅｐ ｍａｋｉｎｇ
to keep making ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ
devices ｍｏｒｅ
moreａｎｄ
andｍｏｒｅ ｉｎａｃｃｅｓｓｉｂｌｅ．
more inaccessible. Ｎｏｔｅ
Noteｔｈａｔ
that Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple's ｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
opposition ｔｏ ｔｈｅ government's
to the ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ＇ｓ
ｒｅｑｕｅｓｔ
requestｉｓis ｉｔｓｅｌｆ
itself aａhindrance
ｈｉｎｄｒａｎｃｅtoｔｏmass
ｍａｓｓ government
ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ ｉｎｔｒｕｓｉｏｎ．Ａｎｄ
intrusion. Andｔｏtoｇｅｔ
getａｔat ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ
contents ｏｆ
of ａa ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single
ｉＰｈｏｎｅ，ｔｈｅ
iPhone, theｇｏｖｅｒｍｍｅｎｔ ｓａｙｓsaysｉｔ itｎｅｅｄｓ
government needsａ aｃｏｕｒｔ
courtｏｒｄｅｒ
orderａｎｄ
andＡｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple'sｈｅｌｐ
helpｔｏtoｗｒｉｔｅ
write ｎｅｗ
newｃｏｄｅ；
code;ｉｎinｅａｒｌｉｅｒ
earlier
ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｓ
versionsｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｉＰｈｏｎｅ，
iPhone, ｏｎｅｓ
ones ｔｈａｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ
that were created ｂｅｆｏｒｅ
before Ａｐｐｌｅ found
Appleｆｏｕｎｄ religionｏｎ（热衷于）ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ，，
ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ on ( /& � T) privacy,
ｔｈｅ
theＦＢＩ
FBIｍｉｇｈｔ
mightｈａｖｅ
haveｂｅｅｎ ａｂｌｅableｔｏtoｂｒｅａｋ
been breakｉｎｔｏ
intoｔｈｅ
theｄｅｖｉｃｅ
deviceｂｙbyｉｔｓｅｌｆ．
itself.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第３／９页
第 3／9页
 [K] You
【Ｋ】 Ｙｏｕ can
ｃａｎ ｅｘｐｅｃｔ
expect ｔｈａｔ ｎｏｏｓｅ（束缚）ｔｏ
that noose ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ toｔｏ tighten.
(At�) to continue ｔｉｇｈｔｅｎ．Ｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ ｓａｉｄ that
Experts said ｔｈａｔwhether
ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ orｏｒ not
ｎｏｔApple
Ａｐｐｌｅ
ｌｏｓｅｓ
losesｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ ｃａｓｅ， measures
specific case, ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ ｔｈａｔ
that ｉｔ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｐｕｔ
it could put ｉｎｔｏ
into ｐｌａｃｅ
place ｉｎ ｔｈｅ future
in the ｆｕｔｕｒｅ will
ｗｉｌｌ almost
ａｌｍｏｓｔ certainly
ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ be
ｂｅ
ａｂｌｅ
ableｔｏto ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ ｌｉｍｉｔtheｔｈｅgovernment's
further limit ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ＇ｓ ｒｅａｃｈ．
reach.

［Ｌ］
[L]Ｔｈａｔ
Thatｉｓis ｎｏｔ
not ｔｏ
to ｓａｙ
say ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ outcome
that the ｏｕｔｃｏｍｅ ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ Ｓａｎ Ｂｅｒｎａｒｄｉｎｏ
the San Bernardino ｃａｓｅ
case ｉｓ
is ｉｎｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ．
insignificant. AsＡｓApple
Ａｐｐｌｅ and
ａｎｄ
ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
severalｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ
security ｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ ｈａｖｅ argued,
experts have ａｒｇｕｅｄ， an
ａｎ order
ｏｒｄｅｒ compelling
ｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｉｎｇ Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleｔｏto ｗｒｉｔｅ
write ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ
software ｔｈａｔ ｇｉｖｅｓ the
that gives ｔｈｅ
ＦＢＩFBIａｃｃｅｓｓ
accessｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｉＰｈｏｎｅ
iPhoneｉｎinｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ
questionｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈ
establishａｎanｕｎｓｅｔｔｌｉｎｇ
unsettling ｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔ．
precedent. Ｔｈｅ
Theｏｒｄｅｒ
orderｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ
essentially
ａｓｋｓ
asksＡｐｐｌｅ ｔｏ toｈａｃｋ
Apple ｉｔｓitsｏｗｎownｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ，ａｎｄ
hack ｏｎｃｅonce
devices, and ｉｔ ｉｓit isｉｎinｐｌａｃｅ，
place,ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔ
precedentｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｂｅbeｕｓｅｄ
usedｔｏtoｊｕｓｔｉｆｙ
justify
ｌａｗlawｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ
enforcement ｅｆｆｏｒｔｓ
effortsｔｏtoｇｅｔ
get ａｒｏｕｎｄ
aroundｅｎｃｒｙｐｔｉｏｎ
encryptionｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ
technologiesｉｎin ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓ ｆａｒremoved
investigations far ｒｅｍｏｖｅｄ
ｆｒｏｍ
fromｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
nationalｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ
securityｔｈｒｅａｔｓ．
threats.

［Ｍ］
[M]Ｏｎｃｅ
Onceａｒｍｅｄ ｗｉｔｈwithａ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ
armed ｆｏｒforｇａｉｎｉｎｇ
a method gainingａｃｅｓｓ
accessｔｏtoｉＰｈｏｎｅｓ，
iPhones,ｔｈｅ
the ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ
governmentｃｏｕｌｄ
couldａｓｋ
ask ｔｏ
to ｕｓｅ
use ｉｔ
it
proactively (�� tl A.�), ｂｅｆｏｒｅ
ｐｒｏａｃｉｖｅｌｙ（先发制人地）， before ａa ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ
suspected ｔｅｒｒｏｒｉｓｔ ａｔｔａｃｋ-— leaving
terrorist attack ｌｅａｖｉｎｇApple
Ａｐｐｌｅ inｉｎ aａ bind
ｂｉｎｄ as
ａｓ to
ｔｏ
ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｔｏtoｃｏｍｐｌｙ
complyｏｒorｒｉｓｋ
riskａｎanａｔｔａｃｋ
attack ａｎｄ
andｓｕｆｆｅｒ
suffer ａa ｐｕｂｌｉｃ－ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｎｉｇｈｔｍａｒｅ．＂Ｔｈｉｓ
public-relations nightmare. "This ｉｓ
is aａ brand­
ｂｒａｎｄ－
ｎｅｗ
newｍｏｖｅ ｉｎ inｔｈｅtheｗａｒwarａｇａｉｎｓｔ
move against ｅｎｃｒｙｐｔｉｏｎ，＂Ｍｒ．
encryption," Mr. Ｏｐｓａｈｌ
Opsahl ｓａｉｄ．＂Ｗｅ
said. "Weｈａｖｅ
haveｈａｄ
hadｐｌｅｎｔｙ
plentyｏｆofｄｅｂａｔｅｓ
debates ｉｎ in
Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｓｓ
Congressａｎｄ
andｔｈｅtheｍｅｄｉａ
mediaｏｖｅｒ
overｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｔｈｅ
the ｇｏｖｅｎｍｅｎｔ
governmentｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｂａｃｋｄｏｏｒ，ａｎｄ
backdoor, andｔｈｉｓ
this ｉｓ ａｎ end
is an ｅｎｄ
run (it WI� ;i() around
ｒｕｎ（迂回战术）ａｒｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ
that—-ｈｅｒｅ
hereｔｈｅｙ
theyｃｏｍｅ
comeｗｉｔｈ
withａｎanｏｒｄｅｒ
orderｔｏtoｃｒｅａｔｅ
create ｔｈａｔ ｂａｃｋｄｏｏｒ．＂
that backdoor."

［Ｎ］
[N]Ｙｅｔ
Yetｉｔit ｉｓis ｗｏｒｔｈ
worthｎｏｔｉｎｇ
notingｔｈａｔ
that ｅｖｅｎ
evenｉｆifＡｐｐｌｅ
Appleｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙ
ultimately ｌｏｓｅｓ
loses ｔｈｉｓ
this ｃａｓｅ，ｉｔ
case, it ｈａｓ
has ｐｌｅｎｔｙ
plenty ｏｆ
of ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ
technical
ｍｅａｎｓ
means ｔｏ toｃｌｏｓｅ
closeａ aｂａｃｋｄｏｏｒ
backdoorｏｖｅｒ
overｔｉｍｅ．＂Ｉｆ ｔｈｅｙtheyａｒｅareａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅ
time. "If ｎｅａｒnearｗｏｒｔｈ
anywhere ｔｈｅｉｒ
worth theirｓａｌｔ
saltａｓas ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｓ，
engineers, IＩ
ｂｅｔbetｔｈｅｙ
theyａｒｅareｒｅｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ
rethinking ｔｈｅｉｒ ｔｈｒｅａｔmodel
their threat ｍｏｄｅｌ asａｓ we
ｗｅ ｓｐｅａｋ，＂ｓａｉｄ
speak," saidＪｏｎａｔｈａｎ
JonathanＺｄｚｉａｒｓｋｉ，
Zdziarski,ａaｄｉｇｉｔａｌ ｅｘｐｅｒｔ
digital expert
ｗｈｏwhoｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ
studiesｔｈｅtheｉＰｈｏｎｅ ａｎｄandｉｔｓitsｖｕｌｎｅｒａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．
iPhone vulnerabilities.

［Ｏ］[O]ＯｎｅOneｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ
relatively ｓｉｍｐｌｅ
simple ｆｉｘ，Ｍｒ．Ｚｄｚｉａｒｓｋｉ
fix, Mr. Zdziarskiｓａｉｄ，
said, ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｂｅbeｆｏｒ
for Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleｔｏto ｍｏｄｉｆｙ
modifyｆｕｔｕｒｅ
future ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｓ
versions ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
of the
ｉｈｏｎｅ
iPhoneｔｏ toｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ
requireａ aｕｓｅｒ
userｔｏtoｅｎｔｅｒ
enter ａa ｐａｓｓｃｏｄｅ
passcode ｂｅｆｏｒｅ
before ｔｈｅ
the ｐｈｏｎｅ
phoneｗｉｌｌ
will ａｃｃｅｐｔ
accept ｔｈｅ
the ｓｏｒｔ ｏｆ modified
sort of ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ
ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｎｇ
operating ｓｙｓｔｅｍ
system ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ＦＢＩ
FBI ｗａｎｔｓ
wants Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleｔｏtoｃｒｅａｔｅ．
create. Ｔｈａｔ
That ｗａｙ，
way,Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｎｏｔ
notｕｎｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｌｙ
unilaterally
ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅ
introduce ａa ｃｏｄｅ
code ｔｈａｔ
that ｗｅａｋｅｎｓ
weakensｔｈｅ
the ｉＰｈｏｎｅ
iPhone—-ａ aｕｓｅｒ
user ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｈａｖｅ
haveｔｏtoｃｏｎｓｅｎｔ
consentｔｏtoｉｔ．
it.

［Ｐ］＂Ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇ
[P] "Nothingｉｓis１００
100ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percentｈａｃｋｅｒ－ｐｒｏｏｆ，＂Ｍｒ．Ｚｄｚｉａｒｓｋｉ ｓａｉｄ，
hacker-proof," Mr. Zdziarski said,ｂｕｔ
butｈｅheｐｏｉｎｔｅｄ
pointedｏｕｔ
outｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ｊｕｄｇｅ＇ｓ
judge's
ｏｒｄｅｒ
orderｉｎ
in ｔｈｉｓ ｃａｓｅ required
this case ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ Apple
Ａｐｐｌｅ toｔｏ provide
ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ＂ｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅ
"reasonable ｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ＂ｔｏ
security assistance" ｕｎｌｏｃｋ Mr.
to unlock Ｍｒ．
Ｆａｒｏｏｋ＇ｓ
Farook's ｐｈｏｎｅ．
phone. ＩｆIf Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleａｌｔｅｒｓ
alters ｔｈｅ
the ｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｏｆ
security model of ｆｕｔｕｒｅ ｉＰｈｏｎｅｓ so
future iPhones ｓｏ that
ｔｈａｔ even
ｅｖｅｎ its
ｉｔｓ own
ｏｗｎ
ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｓ＇＂ｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅ
engineers' "reasonable ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ＂ｗｉｌｌ
assistance" will ｎｏｔ ｂｅ able
not be ａｂｌｅ toｔｏ crack
ｃｒａｃｋaａgiven
ｇｉｖｅｎdevice
ｄｅｖｉｃｅwhen
ｗｈｅｎ compelled
ｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｅｄ byｂｙ
ｔｈｅtheｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ，ａ
government,ｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔ ｓｅｔsetｉｎ inｔｈｉｓthisｃａｓｅ
a precedent caseｍｉｇｈｔ
mightｌｏｓｅ
loseｉｔｓ
its ｌａｓｔｉｎｇ
lasting fｆｏｒｃｅ．Ｉｎ ｏｔｈｅｒwords,
rce. In other
o
ｗｏｒｄｓ，ｅｖｅｎ
even ｉｆ ｔｈｅ
if the
ＦＢＩ
FBIｗｉｎｓ ｔｈｉｓthisｃａｓｅ，
wins case,ｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｌｏｎｇ
longｒｕｎ，
run,ｉｔit ｌｏｓｅｓ．
loses.

３６．Ｉｔ
36. Itｉｓisａa ｐｏｐｕｌａｒ
popularｂｅｌｉｅｆ
belief ｔｈａｔ ｔｅｃｈ companies
that tech ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ ａｒｅ
are ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｄ
committedｔｏtoｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ
protecting ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ＇ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ
their customers' private ｄａｔａ．
data.

３７．Ｔｈｅ ＵＳ US
37. The ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓ
government ｔｈａｔ that
believes ｉｔｓ itsａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ toｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
access people'sｉＰｈｏｎｅｓ
iPhonesｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｂｅbeｕｓｅｄ
usedｔｏtoｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ
preventｔｅｒｒｏｒｉｓｔ
terrorist
ａｔａｃｋｓ．
attacks.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第
第 ４／９页
4／9页
３８．Ａ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ
38. A federalｃｏｕｒｔ
courtａｓｋｅｄ
askedＡｐｐｌｅ ｔｏ toｈｅｌｐhelpｔｈｅtheＦＢＩFBIａｃｃｅｓｓ
Apple ｄａｔａdataｉｎ inａ ｔｅｒｒｏｒｉｓｔ＇ｓ
access ｉＰｈｏｎｅ．
a terrorist's iPhone.

３９．Ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ
39. Privacyａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ
advocatesｎｏｗ
nowｈａｖｅ Ａｐｐｌｅ
have ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
Apple fightingａｌｏｎｇｓｉｄｅ
alongsideｔｈｅｍ
themａｇａｉｎｓｔ
against ｇｏｖｅｒｍｍｅｎｔ
governmentａｃｃｅｓｓ
access ｔｏ
to ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ
personal
ｄａｔａ．
data.

４０．
40. Ｓｎｏｗｄｅｎ
Snowdenｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄ
revealed ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ
the American governmentｈａｄhadｔｒｉｅｄ
triedｈａｒｄ
hardｔｏtoａｃｃｅｓｓ
access ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ ｄａｔａ on
private data ｏｎ aａ
ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ
massive ｓｃａｌｅ
scale.

４１．
41. Ｔｈｅ
TheＦＢＩ
FBIｍｉｇｈｔ ｈａｖｅ
might ｂｅｅｎbeen
have ａｂｌｅable
ｔｏ toａｃｃｅｓｓ ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ
access privateｄａｔａ
dataｉｎinｅａｒｌｉｅｒ ｉＰｈｏｎｅｓ ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
earlier iPhones without Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple's ｈｅｌｐ．
help.

４２．Ａｆｔｅｒ
42. Afterｔｈｅ
theＳｎｏｗｄｅｎ
Snowdenｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔ，
incident,Ａｐｐｌｅ
Appleｍａｄｅ ｃｌｅａｒclearｉｔｓitsｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
made position ｔｏ
to ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒ
counter ｇｏｖｅｒｍｍｅｎｔ
governmentｉｎｔｒｕｓｉｏｎ
intrusion ｉｎｔｏ
into
ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ
personal ｄａｔａ
data ｂｙ
by ｍｅａｎｓ
meansｏｆofｅｎｃｒｙｐｔｉｏｎ．
encryption.

４３．43.Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
Accordingｔｏtoｏｎｅ
oneｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
digital ｅｘｐｅｒｔ， ｎｏ ｉＰｈｏｎｅ
expert, no iPhone ｃａｎ
can ｂｅbeｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙ ｆｒｅｅ from
entirely free ｆｒｏｍ hacking.
ｈａｃｋｉｎｇ．
４４．44. Ｔｉｍｏｔｈｙ
TimothyＣｏｏｋ＇ｓ
Cook'sｌｏｎｇ
longｗｅｂ
webｐｏｓｔ
postｈａｓ
has ｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped ｅｎｈａｎｃｅ
enhance Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ ｉｍａｇｅ．
Apple's image.

４５．
45. Ａｐｐｌｅ＇ｓ
Apple'sＣＥＯ
CEOｈａｓhasｄｅｃｉｄｅｄ ｔｏ toａｐｐｅａｌ
decided ｔｈｅtheｆｅｄｅｒａｌ
appeal federalｃｏｕｒｔ＇ｓ
court's ｏｒｄｅｒ
order ｔｏ
to ｕｎｌｏｃｋ
unlock ａa ｕｓｅｒ＇ｓ ｉＰｈｏｎｅ．
user's iPhone.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Directions: Thereａｒｅ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｔｈｅｒｅ are２ 2ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｉｎinｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｅａｃｈ
section. Eachｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｉｓis ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
followed ｂｙ
by ｓｏｍｅ
some ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｏｒ
or
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．ForＦｏｒeach
unfinished statements. ｅａｃｈof ｏｆthem
ｔｈｅｍthere
ｔｈｅｒｅ
are ａｒｅ
fourｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices ｍａｒｋｅｄ
marked B ) , C) and
A ) , Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ） ａｎｄ
Ｄ）．Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
D) . You ｄｅｃｉｄｅ
should decideｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｂｅｓｔ
best ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ａｎｄ mark
choice and ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ letter
the corresponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒon ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answer
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet２ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with a si leｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
ng throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions４６
46ｔｏ
to ５０
50 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.

ＡｔAtｔｈｅtheｂａｓｅ
baseｏｆ ofａa ｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎ
mountain ｉｎ in Ｔａｎｚａｎｉａ＇ｓ Ｇｒｅｇｏｒｙ Rift,
Tanzania's Gregory Ｒｉｆｔ，Ｌａｋｅ
Lake NatrＮａｔｒｏｎ
on ｂｕｒｎｓ ｂｒｉｇｈｔ red,
burns bright ｒｅｄ，ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｅｄ
surrounded
ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｍａｉｎｓ ｏｆ ａｎｉｍａｌｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅ ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｔｏ ｆａｌｌ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｓａｌｔｙ ｗａｔｅｒ．Ｂａｔｓ， swallows
by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, ｓｗａｌｌｏｗｓ
ａｎｄ
andｍｏｒｅ
moreａｒｅ areｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｌｙ
chemicallyｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄ
preservedｉｎinｔｈｅ the ｐｏｓｅ
poseｉｎinｗｈｉｃｈwhichｔｈｅｙ theyｐｅｒｉｓｈｅｄ，
perished, ｓｅａｌｅｄ
sealed ｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｓ
deposits ofｏｆ
ｓｏｄｉｕｍ
sodiumｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅ
carbonateｉｎinｔｈｅ the ｗａｔｅｒ．Ｔｈｅ
water. Theｌａｋｅ＇ｓ
lake's ｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅ
landscape is ｉｓbizarre
ｂｉｚａｒｒｅandａｎｄdeadly
ｄｅａｄｌｙ-—andａｎｄmade ｍａｄｅ even
ｅｖｅｎ more
ｍｏｒｅ so
ｓｏ
ｂｙbyｔｈｅtheｆａｃｔ
factｔｈａｔ
that ｉｔ＇ｓ ｔｈｅplace
it's the ｐｌａｃｅwhere
ｗｈｅｒｅ nearly
ｎｅａｒｌｙ 75
７５ percent
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ of ｏｆ the
ｔｈｅ world's ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ (（火烈鸟）ａｒｅ
ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ flamingos ｂｏｒｎ．
*.ill ii,) are born.
Ｔｈｅ ｗａｔｅｒ ｉｓ ｓｏ ｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｖｅ ｔｈａｔ ｉｔ ｃａｎ ｂｕｒｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｋｉｎ ａｎｄ ｅｙｅｓ ｏｆ ｕｎａｄａｐｔｅｄ ａｎｉｍａｌｓ． Ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ，
The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos,
ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，
however, ａｒｅareｔｈｅtheｏｎｌｙonlyｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ
speciesｔｈａｔ
thatａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actuallyｍａｋｅｓ
makesｌｉｆｅ lifeｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｍｉｄｓｔ
midst ｏｆof ａｌｌ ｔｈａｔdeath.
all that ｄｅａｔｈ．OnceＯｎｃｅ every
ｅｖｅｒｙ three
ｔｈｒｅｅ
ｏｒ ｆｏｕｒ ｙｅａｒｓ， ｗｈｅｎ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ ａｒｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ， ｔｈｅ ｌａｋｅ ｉｓ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐｉｎｋ ｂｉｒｄｓ ａｓ ｔｈｅｙeyｓｔｏｐ ｆｌｉｇｈｔ to
or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as th stop flight ｔｏ
ｂｒｅｅｄ．Ｔｈｒｅｅ－ｑｕａｒｔｅｒｓ
breed. Three-quartersｏｆofｔｈｅ theｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ
world'sｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ
flamingosｆｌｙ fly ｏｖｅｒ
overｆｒｏｍfromｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｓａｌｔ
salt ｌａｋｅｓ
lakes ｉｎin ｔｈｅ Ｒｉｆｔ Valley
the Rift Ｖａｌｌｅｙ and
ａｎｄ
ｎｅｓｔ
nestｏｎonｓａｌｔ－ｃｒｙｓｔａｌ ｉｓｌａｎｄｓ that
salt-crystal islands ｔｈａｔ appear
ａｐｐｅａｒ when
ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ
the ｗａｔｅｒ
waterｉｓis ａｔ at ａa specific
ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ level
ｌｅｖｅｌ-— too ｔｏｏ high
ｈｉｇｈ an
ａｎｄd the
ｔｈｅ birds
ｂｉｒｄｓ
ｃａｎ＇ｔ
can't ｂｕｉｌｄ
build ｔｈｅｉｒ ｎｅｓｔｓ，tooｔｏｏlow
their nests, ｌｏｗandａｎｄpredators
ｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｓcan ｃａｎmove
ｍｏｖｅ briskly
ｂｒｉｓｋｌｙ across
ａｃｒｏｓｓ thｔｈｅ ｌａｋｅbed
e lake ｂｅｄandａｎｄ attack.
ａｔｔａｃｋ．When
Ｗｈｅｎ
ｔｈｅtheｗａｔｅｒ
waterｈｉｔｓ
hits ｔｈｅ
the ｒｉｇｈｔ
right ｌｅｖｅｌ， ｔｈｅ baby
level, the ｂａｂｙ birds
ｂｉｒｄｓ are
ａｒｅ kept
ｋｅｐｔ safe
ｓａｆｅ from
ｆｒｏｍ predators
ｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｓ by ｂｙ ａa ｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｖｅ
corrosive ｄｉｔｃｈ．
ditch.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第
第 ５／９页
5／9页
 ＂Ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ
"Flamingosｈａｖｅhaveｅｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｖｅｒｙvery
evolved ｌｅａｔｈｅｒｙ ｓｋｉｎskinｏｎ onｔｈｅｉｒ
leathery theirｌｅｇｓ
legsｓｏsoｔｈｅｙ
theyｃａｎ
canｔｏｌｅｒａｔｅ ｔｈｅ salt
tolerate the ｓａｌｔwater,"
ｗａｔｅｒ，＂ｓａｙｓ
says
Ｄａｖｉｄ
DavidＨａｒｐｅｒ，ａ
Harper, ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ
a professorａｔatｔｈｅ
the Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University ｏｆ Ｌｅｉｃｅｓｔｅｒ．＂Ｈｕｍａｎｓ
of Leicester. "Humansｃａｎｎｏｔ，
cannot,ａｎｄ
andｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｄｉｅdieｉｆifｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｌｅｇｓ
legs
ｗｅｒｅ
wereｅｘｐｏｓｅｄ
exposedｆｏｒ
forａｎｙ
anyｌｅｎｇｔｈ
lengthｏｆofｔｉｍｅ．＂Ｓｏ
time." Soｆａｒfarｔｈｉｓ
thisｙｅａｒ，
year, ｗａｔｅｒ
water ｌｅｖｅｌｓ ｈａｖｅ been
levels have ｂｅｅｎ ｔｏｏ
too ｈｉｇｈ
high ｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅ
the
ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ
flamingos ｔｏto ｎｅｓｔ．
nest.
Ｓｏｍｅ ｆｉｓｈ，
Some fish,ｔｏｏ，ｈａｖｅ
too, haveｈａｄ
hadｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ
limitedｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ
successｖａｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ
vacationingａｔatｔｈｅ
theｌａｋｅ
lakeａｓasｌｅｓｓ
less ｓａｌｔｙ ｌａｇｏｏｎｓ （泻湖）
salty lagoons ｆｏｒｍ
( � i\lJJ) form
ｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｏｕｔｅｒ
outer ｅｄｇｅｓ
edges ｆｒｏｍ
from ｈｏｔ
hot ｓｐｒｉｎｇｓ
springs ｆｌｏｗｉｎｇ
flowing ｉｎｔｏ Ｌａｋｅ Ｎａｔｒｏｎ．Ｔｈｒｅｅ
into Lake Natron. Threeｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ
species ｏｆofｔｉｌａｐｉａ（罗非鱼）
tilapia ( � ,If it)
ｔｈｒｉｖｅ
thrive ｔｈｅｒｅ ｐａｒｔ－ｔｉｍｅ．＂Ｆｉｓｈ
there part-time. ｈａｖｅ ａa ｒｅｆｕｇｅ
"Fish have ｉｎ the
refuge in ｔｈｅ strｓｔｒｅａｍｓ ａｎｄ can
eams and ｃａｎ expan
ｅｘｐａｎｄd into
ｉｎｔｏ the
ｔｈｅlagoons
ｌａｇｏｏｎｓ when
ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ
the
ｌａｋｅ
lake ｉｓ
is ｌｏｗ
low ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅ
the ｌａｇｏｏｎｓ
lagoons ａｒｅ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ，＂Ｈａｒｐｅｒ
are separate," Harper ｓａｉｄ．＂Ａｌｌ
said. "All ｔｈｅ
the ｌａｇｏｏｎｓ
lagoons ｊｏｉｎ
join ｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅ
the ｌａｋｅ
lake ｉｓ ｈｉｇｈ
is high
ａｎｄ
andｆｉｓｈ
fish ｍｕｓｔ
mustｒｅｔｒｅａｔ
retreat ｔｏ ｔｈｅｉｒ stream
to their ｓｔｒｅａｍ refuges
ｒｅｆｕｇｅｓ orｏｒ die."
ｄｉｅ．＂Ｏｔｈｅｒｗｉｓｅ，
Otherwise, ｎｏ
no ｆｉｓｈ
fish ａｒｅ
are ａｂｌｅ
able ｔｏ
to ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ
survive ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙ
naturally ｔｏｘｉｃ
toxic ｌａｋｅ．
lake.
Ｔｈｉｓ ｕｎｉｑｕｅ ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ
This unique ecosystem ｍａｙ
mayｓｏｏｎ
soonｂｅbe ｕｎｄｅｒ
under ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ． Ｔｈｅ Tanzanian
pressure. The Ｔａｎｚａｎｉａｎ government
ｇｏｖｅｒｍｅｎｔ ｈａｓ
has ｏｎｃｅ
once ａｇａｉｎ
again
ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ
started ｍｉｎｉｎｇ
mining ｔｈｅ
the ｌａｋｅ
lake ｆｏｒ ｓｏｄａ ash,
for soda ａｓｈ， used
ｕｓｅｄ for
ｆｏｒ making
ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ，
chemicals, ｇｌａｓｓ ａｎｄ ｄｅｔｅｒｇｅｎｔｓ．
glass and Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ the
detergents. Although ｔｈｅ
ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ
planned ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ
operation ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ located
will be ｌｏｃａｔｅｄ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ 40４０ ｍｉｌｅｓ ａｗａｙ， drawing
miles away, ｄｒａｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ
the ｓｏｄａ
soda ａｓｈ
ash ｉｎ
in ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through
ｐｉｐｅｌｉｎｅｓ，
pipelines, ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｓ
conservationists ｗｏｒｒｙ
worryｉｔit could
ｃｏｕｌｄ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｕｐｓｅｔtheｔｈｅnatural
still upset ｎａｔｕｒａｌwater
ｗａｔｅｒcycle
ｃｙｃｌｅand
ａｎｄbreeding
ｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇgrounds.
ｇｒｏｕｎｄｓ． For
Ｆｏｒ
ｎｏｗ，
now,ｔｈｏｕｇｈ， ｌｉｆｅlifeｐｒｅｖａｉｌｓ
though, prevails —
-ｅｖｅｎ
evenｉｎinａaｌａｋｅ
lake ｔｈａｔ
that ｋｉｌｓ
kills ａｌｍｏｓｔ
almost ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ
everything ｉｔ ｔｏｕｃｈｅｓ．
it touches.

４６．
46. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｃａｎ
can ｗｅ
weｌｅａｒｎ ａｂｏｕｔ Lake
learn about Ｌａｋｅ Natron?
Ｎａｔｒｏｎ？
Ａ）
A)ＩｔIt ｉｓ ｓｉｍｐｌｙ ｕｎｉｎｈａｂｉｔａｂｌｅ
is simply uninhabitable for ｆｏｒ most
ｍｏｓｔ ａｎｉｍａｌｓ．
animals.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｒｅｍａｉｎｓ
remainsｌｉｔｔｌｅ ｋｎｏｗｎ ｔｏ
little known to ｔｈｅ ｏｕｔｓｉｄｅ world.
the outside ｗｏｒｌｄ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｉｓis ａa ｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ
breeding ｇｒｏｕｎｄ
groundｆｏｒ forａaｖａｒｉｅｔｙ
variety ｏｆ
of ｂｉｒｄｓ．
birds.
Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｍａｋｅｓ
makesａｎanｉｄｅａｌ
idealｈａｂｉｔａｔ
habitatｆｏｒ
forｌｏｔｓ
lots ｏｆ
of ｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｓ．
predators.

４７．Ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ ｎｅｓｔnestｏｎｌｙonlyｗｈｅｎwhen
47. Flamingos ｔｈｅ the
ｌａｋｅlake
ｗａｔｅｒwater
ｉｓ ａｔis atａ ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
a specificｌｅｖｅｌ
level ｓｏ
so ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｉｒbabies
that their ｂａｂｉｅｓcan
ｃａｎ ----
Ａ）A)ｆｉｎｄ
findｓａｆｅ
safe ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ ｍｏｒｅ ｅａｓｉｌｙ
shelter more easily Ｃ）C)ｓｔａｙ
stay ａｗａｙ
away ｆｒｏｍ
from ｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｓ
predators
Ｂ）B)ｇｒｏｗ
growｔｈｉｃｋ
thickｆｅａｔｈｅｒｓ
feathers ｏｎ
onｔｈｅｉｒ ｆｅｅｔ
their feet Ｄ）D)ｇｅｔ
getａｃｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｄ
accustomedｔｏtoｔｈｅ
the ｓａｌｔｙ ｗａｔｅｒ
salty water

４８．48.Ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ
Flamingos ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ＲｉｆｔValley
the Rift Ｖａｌｌｅｙareａｒｅunique
ｕｎｉｑｕｅin that
ｉｎ ｔｈａｔ ＿＿＿＿＿
----
Ａ）A)ｔｈｅｙ
they ｃａｎ
can ｍｏｖｅ
moveｓｗｉｆｔｌｙ
swiftly ａｃｒｏｓｓ ｌａｇｏｏｎｓ
across lagoons Ｃ）C)ｔｈｅｙ
theyｂｒｅｅｄ
breedｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙ
naturally ｉｎ
in ｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｖｅ
corrosive ｄｉｔｃｈｅｓ
ditches
Ｂ）B)ｔｈｅｙ
theyｃａｎ
canｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ
survive ｗｅｌｌ
well ｉｎ
in ｓａｌｔｙ ｗａｔｅｒ
salty water Ｄ）D)ｔｈｅｙ
they ｋｎｏｗ
knowｗｈｅｒｅ
whereａｎｄ
and ｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｏto ｎｅｓｔ
nest

４９．
49.Ｗｈｙ
Whyｃａｎcanｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
certainｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ
species ｏｆ
of ｔｉｌａｐｉａ ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓsurvive
tilap ia sometimes ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅaround
ａｒｏｕｎｄLake
ＬａｋｅNatron?
Ｎａｔｒｏｎ？
Ａ）
A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｎcan
ｔａｋｅ
takeｒｅｆｕｇｅ
refugeｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｌｅｓｓ
less ｓａｌｔｙ
salty ｗａｔｅｒｓ．
waters.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｎ
canｆｌｅｅ
flee ｑｕｉｃｋ
quick ｅｎｏｕｇｈ
enough ｆｒｏｍfromｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｓ．
predators.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｎ
canｍｏｖｅ
moveｆｒｅｅｌｙ
freelyｆｒｏｍ
fromｌａｇｏｏｎ
lagoon ｔｏ to ｌａｇｏｏｎ．
lagoon.
Ｄ） Ｔｈｅｙ ｃａｎ ｓｔａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｈｅａｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｒｉｎｇ ｗａｔｅｒ．
D) They can stand the heat of the spring water.

５０．
50. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｍａｙ
mayｂｅbeｔｈｅ
theｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ
consequence ｏｆ
of Ｔａｎｚａｎｉａｎ
Tanzanian ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ＇ｓ
government's ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ
planned ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ？
operation?
A)Ｔｈｅ
Ａ） Theａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄ
acceleratedｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ
extinction ｏｆ
of flamingos.
ｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｃｈａｎｇｅ
changeｏｆofｆｌａｍｉｎｇｏｓ＇
flamingos'ｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎ
migration ｒｏｕｔｅ．
route.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｏｖｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ
overminingｏｆofＬａｋｅ
LakeＮａｔｒｏｎ＇ｓ
Natron's ｓｏｄａ
soda ａｓｈ．
ash.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第
第 ６／９页
6／9页
 Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅ
Theｄｉｓｒｕｐｔｉｏｎ
disruption ｏｆ
of Ｌａｋｅ
Lake Ｎａｔｒｏｎ＇ｓ ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ．
Natron's ecosystem.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５１51ｔｏto ５５
55 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.

ＩｔIt ｉｓis the

ｔｈｅ season
ｓｅａｓｏｎ for
ｆｏｒ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｆｒａｎｔｉｃ ｌａｓｔ－ｍｉｎｕｔｅ math
frantic last-minute ｍａｔｈ —- ａｃｒｏｓｓ
across ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ，
country, ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
employeesｏｆofａｌｌ
all ｓｔｒｉｐｅｓ
stripes
ａｒｅ
are ｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ
counting ｂａｃｋｗａｒｄ
backwardｉｎinａｎanａｔｔｅｍｐｔ
attemptｔｏtoｆｉｇｕｒｅ
figure ｏｕｔ
out ｊｕｓｔ ｈｏｗ ｍｕｃｈ
just how muchｐａｉｄ
paidｔｉｍｅ－ｏｆ
time-offｔｈｅｙ
theyｈａｖｅ
haveｌｅｆｔ
leftｉｎin ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｓ． Ｍｏｒｅ ｏｆofｔｈｅｍ，
reserves. More them,ｔｈｏｕｇｈ，
though,ｗｉｌｌwill ｓｋｉｐ
skip ｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ａｌｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒand
calculations altogether ａｎｄ just
ｊｕｓｔpower
ｐｏｗｅｒ through
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ the
ｔｈｅ
ｈｏｌｉｄａｙｓ
holidaysｉｎｔｏ
into ２０１７：
2017: Ｍｏｒｅ
Moreｔｈａｎ
thanｈａｌｆ
halfｏｆofＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎ
Americanｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
workersｄｏｎ＇ｔ ｕｓｅuseｕｐ upａｌｌallｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
don't their ａｌｌｏｔｔｅｄ ｖａｃａｔｉｏｎ days
allotted vacation ｄａｙｓ
ｅａｃｈ ｙｅａｒ
each year.
Ｎｏｔ
Notｓｏsoｌｏｎｇ
longａｇｏ，
ago,ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｗｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅhave
would ｔｕｒｎｅｄ ｕｐ up
turned ｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｎｏｓｅｓ ａｔ atｔｈａｔ
noses thatｋｉｎｄ
kindｏｆofｄｅｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
dedication ｔｏ
to ｔｈｅ
the ｊｏｂ．
job.
ＡｓAsｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ
marketingｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
professors Ｓｉｌｖｉａ
Silvia Ｂｅｌｌｅｚｚａ， Ｎｅｅｒｕ Ｐａｈａｒｉａ，
Bellezza, Neeru ａｎｄ Anat
Paharia, and Ａｎａｔ Ｋｅｉｎａｎ
Keinan ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ
recently ｅｘｐｌａｉｎｅｄ
explained ｉｎ
in
HaroardＢｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ Business Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ（ＨＢＲ），ｌｅｉｓｕｒｅ
Review ( HBR) , leisure
ｔｉｍｅtime
ｗａｓwas
ｏｎｃｅonce
ｓｅｅｎseen
ａｓ ａｎ
as ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒ ｏｆ of
an indicator ｈｉｇｈ ｓｏｃｉａｌ
high socialｓｔａｔｕｓ，
status,
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ
somethingａｔｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ
attainable ｏｎｌｙ
onlyｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｏｓｅ
those ａｔ
at ｔｈｅ
the ｔｏｐ． Ｓｉｎｃｅ the
top. Since ｔｈｅ middle
ｍｉｄｄｌｅ ｏｆof ｔｈｅ
the ２０ｔｈ
20th ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，
century, ｔｈｏｕｇｈ，
though, ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
things
ｈａｖｅ
haveｔｕｍｅｄ ｔｈｅtheｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅ
turned oppositeｗａｙ
way— -ｔｈｅｓｅ ｄａｙｓ，
these days,ｐｕｎｉｓｈｉｎｇ
punishingｈｏｕｒｓ
hoursａｔatｙｏｕｒ
yourｄｅｓｋ，
desk,ｒａｔｈｅｒ
rather ｔｈａｎ
than ｄａｙｓ
daysｏｆｆ，
off, ａｒｅ
are
ｓｅｅｎ
seen ａｓ
as ｔｈｅ ｍａｒｋ ｏｆ
the mark ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ．
of someone important.
ＩｎInａ aｓｅｒｉｅｓ
series ｏｆ
of ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
several ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ， ｔｈｅ researchers
experiments, the ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓillustrated
ｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅｄjustｊｕｓｔ
howｈｏｗmuchｍｕｃｈwe've
ｗｅ＇ｖｅcome
ｃｏｍｅ toｔｏ
ａｄｍｉｒｅ
admireｂｕｓｙｎｅｓｓ，
busyness,ｏｒorａｔatｌｅａｓｔ ｔｈｅ appearance
least the ａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅ of
ｏｆ it.
ｉｔ．Volunteers
Ｖｏｌｕｎｔｅｅｒｓread
ｒｅａｄtwoｔｗｏpassages,
ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ，oneｏｎｅabout
ａｂｏｕｔa man
ａ ｍａｎwho
ｗｈｏ
ｌｅｄ
led ａa ｌｉｆｅ ｏｆleisure
life of ｌｅｉｓｕｒｅandａｎｄanother
ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ ａｂｏｕｔ
about ａ ｍａｎwho
a man ｗｈｏwas
ｗａｓover-worked
ｏｖｅｒ－ｗｏｒｋｅｄ and
ａｎｄ over-scheduled;
ｏｖｅｒ－ｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅｄ；when
ｗｈｅｎ asked
ａｓｋｅｄ
ｔｏto ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ
determineｗｈｉｃｈ whichｏｆ of ｔｈｅtheｔｗｏtwo
ｈａｄhadａ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｓｏｃｉａｌ
a higher ｓｔａｔｕｓ，
social status,ｔｈｅ
theｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ
majorityｏｆofｔｈｅ theｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants ｓａｉｄ
said ｔｈｅ
the
ｌａｔｔｅｒ．
latter. TheＴｈｅ same
ｓａｍｅ ｈｅｌｄ
held ｔｒｕｅ ｆｏｒ people
true for ｐｅｏｐｌｅ who
ｗｈｏ ｕｓｅｄ
usedｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ
products ｔｈａｔ
that ｉｍｐｌｉｅｄ
implied ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｈｏｒｔ
they were ｏｎ ｔｉｍｅ：
short on time: In Ｉｎ one
ｏｎｅ
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，
experiment, ｆｏｒ for ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，
example, ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ
customers ｏｆ of ｔｈｅ
the ｇｒｏｃｅｒｙ－ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙ
grocery-delivery serviceｓｅｒｖｉｃｅPeapod
Ｐｅａｐｏｄ were
ｗｅｒｅ ｓｅｅｎ
seen ａｓas ｏｆ
of ｈｉｇｈｅｒ
higher
ｓｔａｔｕｓ ｔｈａｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｈｏ ｓｈｏｐｐｅｄ ａｔ ｇｒｏｃｅｒｙ ｓｔｏｒｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｅｑｕａｌｌｙ ｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ； ｉｎ ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ， ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
status than people who shopped at grocery stores that were equally expensive; in another, people
ｗｅａｒｉｎｇ
wearingｗｉｒｅｌｅｓｓ
wireless ｈｅａｄｐｈｏｎｅｓ
headphones ｗｅｒｅ wereｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ
consideredｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ
further ｕｐup ｏｎonｔｈｅthe ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social ｌａｄｄｅｒ ｔｈａｎ those
ladder than ｔｈｏｓｅ wearing
ｗｅａｒｉｎｇ
ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
regular ｈｅａｄｐｈｏｎｅｓ，
headphones, ｅｖｅｎ evenｗｈｅｎwhenｂｏｔｈbothｗｅｒｅ
wereｊｕｓｔ
justｕｓｅｄ
usedｔｏtoｌｉｓｔｅｎ
listen toｔｏ music.
ｍｕｓｉｃ．
ＩｎInｐａｒｔ， ｔｈｅ authors
part, the ａｕｔｈｏｒｓ wrote
ｗｒｏｔｅ inｉｎ HBR,
ＨＢＲ， ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｔｔｅｒｎmay
this pattern ｍａｙ have
ｈａｖｅ toｔｏ do
ｄｏ with
ｗｉｔｈ the
ｔｈｅ way
ｗａｙ ｗｏｒｋ
workｉｔｓｅｌｆ ｈａｓ
itself has
ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ
changedｏｖｅｒ overｔｈｅ theｐａｓｔ
past ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ．
several decades.
ＷｅWeｔｈｉｎｋthinkｔｈａｔthatｔｈｅtheｓｈｉｆｔ
shift ｆｒｏｍ
fromｌｅｉｓｕｒｅ－ａｓ－ｓｔａｔｕｓ
leisure-as-status toｔｏ busyness-as-status
ｂｕｓｙｎｅｓｓ－ａｓ－ｓｔａｔｕｓmay ｍａｙ beｂｅ ｌｉｎｋｅｄ
linked ｔｏ to ｔｈｅ
the
ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｌｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ－ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓ． Ｉｎ ｓｕｃｈ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓ，ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ ｗｈｏ ｐｏｓｓｅｓｓ ｔｈｅ
development of knowledge-intensive economies. In such economies, individuals who possess the
ｈｕｍａｎ
human ｃａｐｉｔａｌ
capitalｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ
characteristics that ｔｈａｔemployers
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｒｓorｏｒclients
ｃｌｉｅｎｔｓvalueｖａｌｕｅ（ｅ．ｇ．，ｃｏｍｐｅｔｅｎｃｅ
(e.g. , competence and ａｎｄ ambition)
ａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ）ａｒｅ are
ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ
expectedｔｏto ｂｅ beｉｎin ｈｉｇｈ
high ｄｅｍａｎｄ
demandａｎｄ andｓｈｏｒｔ
short ｓｕｐｐｌｙ
supply ｏｎon ｔｈｅｊｏｂ
the jobｍａｒｋｅｔ．Ｔｈｕｓ，ｂｙ
market. Thus, by ｔｅｌｌｉｎｇ
tellingｏｔｈｅｒｓ
others ｔｈａｔ
that weｗｅ are
ａｒｅ
ｂｕｓｙ
busyａｎｄ andｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
working ａｌｌallｔｈｅtheｔｉｍｅ，
time,ｗｅweａｒｅareｉｍｐｌｉｃｉｔｌｙ
implicitly ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｎｇ
suggesting ｔｈａｔ ｗｅ ａｒｅ
that we ｓｏｕｇｈｔ ａｆｔｅｒ，
are sought ｗｈｉｃｈ enhances
after, which ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｓ
ｏｕｒourｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅｄ
perceivedｓｔａｔｕｓ．
status.
Ｅｖｅｎ
Evenｉｆifｙｏｕ youｆｅｅｌ
feelｔｅｍｐｔｅｄ
temptedｔｏtoｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅ ｙｏｕｒ own
sacrifice your ｏｗｎ ｖａｃａｔｉｏｎ
vacation ｄａｙｓ
days ｆｏｒ
for ｆａｋｅ
fake ｂｕｓｙｎｅｓｓ，
busyness, ｔｈｏｕｇｈ，ａｔ
though, at ｌｅａｓｔ
least
ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ
consider ｌｅａｖｉｎｇ
leaving ｙｏｕｒ
your ｗｅｅｋｅｎｄｓ
weekendsｕｎｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅｄ．
unscheduled.Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｆｏｒyour
It's for ｙｏｕｒown ｏｗｎ good.
ｇｏｏｄ．
５１．
51.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏdoｍｏｓｔ
mostｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
employeesｐｌａｎ
planｔｏtoｄｏdoｔｏｗａｒｄｓ
towardsｔｈｅ
the ｅｎｄ
end ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｙｅａｒ？
the year?
Ａ）A)ＧｏGoｆｏｒforａaｖａｃａｔｉｏｎ．
vacation. Ｃ）C)Ｓｅｔ
Setａｎanｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ
objective ｆｏｒ
for ｎｅｘｔ
next ｙｅａｒ．
year.
Ｂ）B)Ｋｅｅｐ
Keepｏｎ
on ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ．
working. Ｄ）D)Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ
Reviewｔｈｅtheｙｅａｒ＇ｓ
year's ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ．
achievements.

淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第７／９页
第 7／9页
５２．
52. Ｈｏｗ
Howｗｏｕｌｄ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
would peopleｖｉｅｗ ｄｅｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
view dedicationｔｏto ｗｏｒｋ
workｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｔ？
past?
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｏｕｌｄ
would regardｉｔitａｓasａa ｍａｔｔｅｒ
ｒｅｇａｒｄ matter ｏｆ
of ｃｏｕｒｓｅ．
course.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｏｕｌｄ
would considerｉｔitａa ｍｕｓｔ
ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ mustｆｏｒ
for ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ．
success.
C) They
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅｙ would
ｗｏｕｌｄ lookｕｐｏｎ
ｌｏｏｋ uponｉｔit ｗｉｔｈ
with ｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｔ．
contempt.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｄｅｅｍ
deemｉｔ itａ aｔｒｉｃｋ
trick ｏｆ
of businessmen.
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｍｅｎ．

５３．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｉｄdidｔｈｅtheｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
53. What researchersｆｉｎｄ
find ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ａa ｓｅｒｉｅｓ ｏｆ experiments?
series of ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ？
A) The
Ａ）Ｔｈｅ busierｏｎｅ
ｂｕｓｉｅｒ oneａｐｐｅａｒｓ，
appears, ｔｈｅ
the ｍｏｒｅ
more ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔ
respect one
ｏｎｅ earns.
ｅａｒｓ．
B) The more one works, the more one feels exploited.
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｏｎｅ ｗｏｒｋｓ， ｔｈｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｏｎｅ ｆｅｅｌｓ ｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｅｄ．
C) The
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅ more
ｍｏｒｅ knowledge
ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ ｏｎｅone has,ｔｈｅ
ｈａｓ， theｍｏｒｅ
moreｃｏｍｐｅｔｅｎｔ
competentｏｎｅoneｗｉｌｌ
will ｂｅ．
be.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅ
Theｈｉｇｈｅｒ
higherｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one'sｓｔａｔｕｓ，
status, ｔｈｅ
the ｍｏｒｅ
more ｖａｃａｔｉｏｎ
vacation ｔｉｍｅ
time ｏｎｅ
oneｗｉｌｌ
will ｅｎｊｏｙ．
enjoy.

５４．Ｗｈａｔ ｍａｙmayａｃｃｏｕｎｔ
54. What ｆｏｒforｔｈｅtheｃｈａｎｇｅ
account changeｏｆofｐｅｏｐｌｅｓａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅ ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ being
people's attitude towards ｂｅｉｎｇ busy?
ｂｕｓｙ？
A) The
Ａ）Ｔｈｅ ｆａｓｔfastｐａｃｅ
paceｏｆofｌｉｆｅ
life ｉｎ
in modem society.
ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｆｉｅｒｃｅ
fierceｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ
competitionｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the ｊｏｂ
job market.
ｍａｒｋｅｔ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅａｄ
widespreadｕｓｅ
useｏｆ
ofｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ
computer ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．
technology.
D) Theｒｏｌｅ
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ roleｏｆ
of ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ
knowledge ｉｎ
in modem
ｍｏｄｅｒｎ economy.
ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ．

５５．
55. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorａｄｖｉｓｅ
adviseｕｓusｔｏto ｄｏ
do ａｔ
at ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ
the end ｔｈｅ passage?
of the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ？
Ａ）A)Ｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅ
Scheduleｏｕｒ
ourｔｉｍｅ
timeｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ
properlyｆｏｒ
forｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ．
efficiency.
Ｂ）B)Ｐｌａｎ
Plan ｏｕｒ
our ｗｅｅｋｅｎｄｓ
weekends ｉｎ
in ａa meaningful
ｍｅａｎｉｎｇｆｕｌ way.
ｗａｙ．
Ｃ）C)Ｆｉｎｄ
Findｔｉｍｅ
time ｔｏ
to ｒｅｌａｘ
relax however busy ｗｅ
ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ｂｕｓｙ we ａｒｅ．
are.
Ｄ）D)Ａｖｏｉｄ
Avoidａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇ
appearing ｂｕｓｙ
busy ｗｈｅｎ
when ｗｅ
weａｒｅ
are ｎｏｔ．
not.

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ
Part IV Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions Ｆｏｒ
: Forｔｈｉｓ
thisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
part, youａｒｅareａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowed３０30ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutesｔｏtoｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ
translate ａa ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
passage from Chinese ｉｎｔｏ
into Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．
English.
Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅ ｙｏｕｒ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

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uz•
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程度上取决于季节变化。湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名；湖北意为＂湖的北边＂，
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都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第８／９页
第 8／9页
Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
(ilT iE�7f�Ja*1J,a.tl*J�,61�$� z.Ja�i!fTPJrjJ�iit)
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试） 1

Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:Ｆｏｒ
Forｔｈｉｓ
this ｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
part, youａｒｅ
areａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowed３０30ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutesｔｏto ｗｒｉｔｅ ａｎ essay
write an ｅｓｓａｙ commenti
ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ
ng ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ ｓａｙｉｎｇ
the sayi ng

＂Ｈｅｌｐ
"Help ｏｔｈｅｒｓ，ａｎｄ
others, andｙｏｕ
youｗｉｌｌ
will ｂｅ
be ｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped ｗｈｅｎ
when ｙｏｕ
you ａｒｅ
are ｉｎ
in ｎｅｅｄ．＂
need." Ｙｏｕ
You ｃａｎ
can ｃｉｅ
cite
ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ
examplesｔｏtoｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ ｙｏｕｒ views.
illustrate your ｖｉｅｗｓ． You
Ｙｏｕ shouU
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ write
ｗｒｉｔｅ atａｔI.east
ｌｅａｓｔ150１５０words
ｗｏｒｄｓbutｂｕｔnoｎｏmore
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ
２００
200 ｗｏｒｄｓ
words.

淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第９／９页
第 9／9页