ABSTRACT

Paints are used for two main purposes to decorate and to protect. Decorative properties
include gloss , color and the ability to hide what is underneath the paint. Protective properties
include resistance to stains, scrubbing and damage caused by the weather. All these paint
properties depend on the paints formulation. In this series of laboratory experiments you will
determine the formulas of some paints , and then correlate the paints properties.
When referring to whether a paint is oil or water based, we are actually talking about the type of
solvent used in the paint, which is the liquid component of the paint that evaporates as the paint
dries. Oil-based paints (often incorrectly referred to as enamel) use an organic solvent in the makeup
of the paint, which is typically a mineral turpentine. As the name suggests, the solvent used in a
water-based paint (also known as acrylic paints) is almost all water. Oil-based paints can achieve a
higher sheen level when applied due to the makeup of the paint; however, the sheen does
become duller over time. While water-based paints achieve a lower sheen finish, water-based
paints can typically maintain this sheen level over a longer period of time. Typically, oil-
based paints dry harder which provides excellent resistance to wear and tear.

However, as the paint dries harder there is not a lot of flexibility within the paint, which
means oil-based paints are more likely to crack, become dry, brittle and chalky over
time. Oil-based paints are also known to yellow over time. These days there have been
many developments that allow water-based paints to dry quite hard and be effective when
resisting damage and wear and tear. The flexibility afforded to water-based paints mean that
they are able to expand and contract with weather conditions, making them less susceptible to
cracking. Water-based paints can tolerate small amounts of moisture on a surface prior to
application, as the paint is able to absorb the moisture. This will thin the paint out ever so
slightly, but will not affect the paint’s ability to create an adhesion bond to the surface. As
oil-based paints repel water, the paint is unable to create a strong adhesion bond to the
surface. As a result, any substrate that oil-based paint is applied to must be completely dry
before application.

This experiment aims to explore and analyze the fundamental properties of paint , which
is a versatile and essential material in various applications , including art , construction and
industrial uses. The study involves the examination of key paint properties such as color ,
viscosity , drying time , adhesion and durability with a focus on water-based paints and oil-
based paints.

The experiment begins by introducing the different types of paint and their unique
characteristics , followed by a comprehensive analysis of the materials used in the
experiment. Various tests are conducted to assess the properties of paint , including color
consistency , texture and application techniques. Additionally , the experiment investigates
the drying time and environmental factors that affect it.
The results of this experiment reveal the significant differences between water-based
paints and oil-based paints in terms of color vibrancy , drying time and durability. The
findings contribute to a better understanding of paint properties and can be valuable for artist
, DIY enthusiasts and professionals in industries where paint plays a crucial role. This
research provides valuable insights into the selection and use of paints in different
applications , helping individuals make informed decisions about the choice of paint for their
specific need. Further research can build upon these findings to explore advanced paint
properties and their practical applications in various fields.

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION
M.A.H.MA , I.H.A , K.A.H.S and M.L contributed to performing the experiments of paints
and its properties and discussed the results with other group. M.AI.H.A wrote the abstract and
contribute wrote references. M.A.H.M.A contributed wrote the discussion and conclusion.
K.A.H.S wrote the introduction , objective and methodology part. M.L contributed wrote
result and calculation and attached appendix in report.

REFERENCES

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